Analysis children's drawing

Most kids enjoy drawing. For this they use both traditional materials: paints, pencils, felt-tip pens, and sometimes the most unexpected ones, for example, mother's lipstick. And as an easel, a wardrobe, furniture, wallpaper can be chosen. Much of what the child cannot yet express in words is reflected in the child's drawing.

Analysis of children's drawing allows you to reveal the characteristics of a child's character, "see" his inner world.

Kids under three years old draw mainly circles, lines, dots. It is difficult to grasp the meaning in such drawings. After the age of four, characters that are quite recognizable by adults already appear in children's drawings. Most often, the first heroes of the baby's drawing are mom and dad, the child himself. It's believed that analysis of children's drawing can be carried out from the age of five. Then the children are already drawing everything they see around - people, animals, trees, houses.

If you want to analyze your child's drawing, give him the task to draw something. At the same time, do not correct the child during work, do not say how to draw correctly, just observe. Give your child a variety of color markers and better than pencils... This way you will see what colors the kid will prefer for his drawing, and using pencils will allow you to see the pressure. The stronger the pressure, the more impulsive your child is.

So, if your child drew a person in the center of a piece of paper, then he is confident. And vice versa - drawing at the bottom of the sheet means that he has low self-esteem. If the hero drawn has big head, it speaks of good mental abilities baby, small, that the child is not sufficiently developed for his age.

Large ears mean that hearing is an important way of perceiving information for him. A mouth with protruding teeth indicates aggression, bulging eyes can indicate a phenomenon such as fears in children

Large Long hands indicates that the child is well developed physically, and vice versa, a weak child will draw short arms... Carefully traced fingers indicate aggression. The longer the legs of the drawn man, the more your child strives to become independent. If the legs are wide apart, it means that the baby is confident in himself. Boys, unlike girls, often draw angular square bodies - a sign of masculinity. A child who feels humiliated, who has very low self-esteem, will draw a torso disproportionately small compared to the rest of the body.

A painted house without doors and windows speaks of a child's isolation, small windows indicate his shyness. A tree with spreading branches reaching up to the top, a thick trunk and traced roots indicates that the child is cheerful and confident in himself.

By pursuing analysis of children's drawing, pay attention to what colors your child uses. The more colors in his drawing, the more emotional and sensitive he is. In the main drawings of the child there are 5-6 colors. The abundance of yellow indicates curiosity, optimism. Blue colour on the contrary, it speaks of internal problems... Green is about the pursuit of safety and stubbornness. Red symbolizes aggression, eccentricity. If the picture is dominated by black - your child is depressed, pay attention to his internal psychological state.

When your kid draws his family, the first person to appear in the drawing is the one who plays in the family. the main role for the child whose authority is most important to him. If all family members in the picture are holding hands, the baby is sure that he is loved. Forgot to draw someone - it means that this person is unpleasant to him. If, when portraying his family, the child does not draw himself - this is a sign of loneliness, lack of attention. Sibling rivalry to a brother or sister can be expressed in a reluctance to draw a particular family member. This option is also possible: the "artist" will draw them, but separately from the rest.

Take the child's drawing in hand and ask yourself what emotions it evokes more in you - positive or negative. If the picture has bright colors, smiles on the faces of the people depicted, the sun is shining - most likely your child is happy, feels parental love, is friendly.

Dull dull colors, sad faces testify to the experiences of the child, perhaps, some problems in the family. Therefore, try, as often as possible, to be interested in what your dear little man draws. Perhaps this will help you avoid many problems in the future.

Visual activity is one of the first and most accessible means of self-expression of a child, in which the originality of many aspects of the child's psyche is manifested. Drawing is a powerful means of cognition and reflection of reality; the drawing reveals the peculiarities of thinking, imagination, emotional-volitional sphere. Just like a game, it allows you to more deeply comprehend the subjects of interest to the child.

Thus, drawing classes contribute to the optimal and intensive development of all mental processes and functions, teach the child to think and analyze, measure and compare, compose and imagine.

STAGES OF REGULATORY DEVELOPMENT OF THE DRAWING

Pre-pictorial period - this is the period of "scribbles", "marania", which, starting at the age of 1.5–2 years, lasts up to 3–3.5 years. This stage is lengthy and heterogeneous.

Distinguish the stage "marania", the stage of rhythmic scribbles, the associative stage.

The third and last stage of the pre-pictorial period of drawing arises when the image of an object involuntarily arises from scribbles and is prompted only by the child's imagination. That is, the child first draws, and then, "seeing" the image of the object in the drawing, he calls it.

This path - from the initial strokes to the first images, which took tens of thousands of years from the primitive man, has a very short segment for a child: at 3–3.5 years, he moves on to the next period - fine. Its beginning can be conventionally considered the moment when the child first has a "plan" (that is, an arbitrary intention, goal-setting, the beginning of purposeful activity) to draw something. And only then the drawing itself is made.

First stage pictorial period make up drawings with primitive expressiveness(3-5 years old). The child tries to express emotions and movements through the line (for example, the girl's jumping is depicted as a zigzag line). These drawings, according to the researchers, are "mimic", not "graphic". True, children after a while forget what they portrayed (for them, a zigzag can be associated, for example, with a fence).

Thus, the first scribbles of the child do not belong to the area Images, but rather to the area representation... At this stage in the development of children's drawing, the connection between expressive and pictorial functions is still insufficient. At the next (second) stage of the pictorial period (6-7 years) children's drawings become even more schematic. The child distinguishes between movement, emotions and facial expressions.

In the future, as the drawing develops (in a kind third stage), a sense of form and line appears in children's works. The child feels the need not only to list the specific features of the object being described, but also to convey the formal relationships of the parts.

Final stage the pictorial period are believable images. The shapes are becoming more proportional and detailed. The subject of drawings is expanding.

Of course, the theme of children's drawings is due to belonging to a particular gender and corresponding identification. So, boys most often draw cars, airplanes, ships, war, and girls - a family, princesses, flowers, small animals, patterns of beads, fabrics.

Knowledge of the laws of development of children's drawing is extremely important. They can be summarized as follows:

1) visibility;

2) the vision of the depicted in a horizontal plan;

3) transparency (for example, when the roundness of the body remains visible under the dress);

4) late appearance of perspective.

Thus, the smallest children (4–5 years old) arrange images next to each other, without connecting them with any idea. This is the so called phase juxtapositions.

Then the central plot appears (after 5 years). Here, the images are already united by the plot, and the child distributes objects, drawing the more distant one above the closer one. This phase of the development of perspective in the drawing is called the phase superposition.

Only later (normally not earlier than 7 years old) does the child begin to depict more distant objects as objects smaller in size than objects close to him. Thus, the image appears true perspective.

The normative occurrence of "Chromaticity" children's drawing.

The child emotionally perceives colors and often paints the object he likes with his favorite color, which may not be peculiar to that. In this case, not only the color, but also the thoroughness of the drawing will express the very attitude of the child to the content of the drawing.

During this period, everything is painted in saturated colors and "motley" is painted: houses and roofs, flowers and animals, cars and fences. At the same time, a special place for the actualization of color belongs to the clothes of the depicted people.

This division of children into groups allows, to a certain extent, to carry out an individual approach to the development of creative abilities. It should be emphasized that in this case it is important not to impose image stereotypes on the child, but to support his creative impulses, to enjoy even the most insignificant manifestations of his individuality with the child.

Literature:

1. Arnheim R. Art and visual perception. Per. from English V.N. Samokhin. Common ed. and entered. article by V.P. Shestakov. - M .: Progress, 1974.

2. Zenkovsky V.V. Childhood psychology. - Leipzig: Collaborator, 1924.

3.Ignatiev E.I. Psychological features visual activity junior student // Psychology of junior student. - M., 1960.

4. Mikhaleva O.Yu. The development of children's creativity in the context of leisure (by the example of visual activity). Diss. for the title of Cand. ped. sciences. M., 2003.

5.Mukhina V.S. Child psychology: A textbook for ped students. in-tov / Ed. L.A. Wenger. - M .: Education, 1985.

6.Mukhina V.S. The visual activity of the child as a form of assimilation of social experience. - M .: Pedagogy, 1981.

7. Obukhova L.F. Child (developmental) psychology: Textbook. - M .: Russian Pedagogical Agency, 1996.

In terms of its content, pedagogical assessment is closely related to the educational and educational task that was solved in a specific lesson.

Children's drawings, handicrafts are necessarily evaluated from the point of view of solving visual problems - their expressiveness and originality should be noted. The teacher asks questions that help children see this in the craft.

When work is carried out in the system, children, at the suggestion of a teacher or on their own, find differences in their crafts and willingly talk about them. It is important for a teacher to show by his behavior and emotional speech that he is interested in the work of children. Then children begin to strive for originality, expressiveness in their work.

It is important to think over questions that help children to realize what they have learned, what mistakes they made ("not very much learned"), what needs to be taken into account in order to avoid these mistakes in the future. And immediately it is suggested to make possible corrections.

It is important to encourage children to take actions that will help them discover mistakes, inaccuracies in their work. Even a younger preschooler can do it. For example, the teacher offers to close the postcard made by folding its pages, and see if the sides coincide. Children will see the result themselves if the teacher gave them a paper with one colored side. “You can see the white one,” they say, if the sides do not coincide.

The teacher has the opportunity to once again establish the connection between the mode of action and the result obtained. If the results are analyzed in this way, then children begin to independently use controlling and corrective actions to improve their work early.

At an older age, the teacher directs the children to analyze the methods of action used and asks the questions: “Do all the sides of the cube fit snugly against the table? Why?" Children put a cube (each their own) first on the hollow side. If the cuts are made exactly along the line and to the point of intersection of the lines, then all four sides touch the table. Then the children place the cube on the closed sides. If the sides (folds) are ironed clearly, then the corners and sides fit snugly against the table. By doing such controlling actions, children discover flaws where possible, correct them.

Each child can thus. to establish what mistakes he made, and draw a conclusion for subsequent work, namely: before the child, ways of further improving his activities are revealed, self-esteem and self-control are formed, which is very important for independent activity.

It is very important to comply with the following assessment requirements:

The assessment should be designed so that children are as active as possible in it, starting from a young age.

Verbal methods and techniques of teaching in the process of guiding visual activity are inseparable from visual and playful ones.

In those cases when children have ideas about the depicted object, the phenomenon, formed in advance, preschoolers possess the appropriate skills, verbal methods in the lesson take a greater place. For example, teachers often use questions, explanations in order to form a pictorial representation.

15. List the requirements for assessing the performance of children in the classroom for visual activity. Expand the need to review and analyze children's work. Describe the methodology for analyzing the results of the activities of children in class in different age groups.

In pedagogical practice, students had a chance to see several versions of the same application lesson on the theme "Winter landscape".

In one case, the results of children's work were assessed as follows: the teacher posted all the work on a common stand, and the children compared who had the best work.

In another group, the children's works were also posted for general viewing, and the teacher assessed the result of each child something like this: “Today, Alyosha, you have tried very hard, you have already cut out different shapes better and arranged them beautifully on the sheet”. And the teacher said to Sveta: “Something I didn’t notice the same diligence today as the last time you pasted the forms on the sheet”.

Another option for summing up the results was as follows: the children hung the work in the form of an exhibition, admired the landscapes, and during the summary time the teacher talked with individual children, discussing whether they themselves were satisfied with the results.

Analyze the proposed situation. Design your actions to assess the performance of children in the lesson on the application on the theme "Winter landscape".

Pedagogical assessment and analysis of children's work - a verbal description of the results of activity, which develops analytical thinking, as a result of which appears critical attitude to the perceived result. It allows you to teach children to objectively evaluate their work, and the work done by other people (for a preschooler by the age of 5).

IN junior age, the child cannot fully control and evaluate his actions and their results. If the process of work gave him pleasure, he will be pleased with the result, expecting approval from the educator. At the end of the lesson, in "Babies" the teacher shows several well-done works without analyzing them. The purpose of the show is to draw the attention of children to the results of their activities. The teacher also approves of the work of other children, their positive assessment contributes to the preservation of interest in visual activity.

IN middle and senior In groups, the educator uses the display and analysis of children's work as a technique to help children understand the achievements and mistakes in the image. The ability to see how correctly an object is depicted helps to develop a conscious attitude to the choice of means and methods of work, to activate all creative activity.

Consider a mistake in the work of one child it should not be with all children, since awareness of it will only matter for this child. It is better to analyze the causes of the error and the ways of its elimination in an individual conversation.

IN senior the group should involve all children in the analysis. However, sometimes the teacher gives the assessment himself. For example, wanting to encourage a child who does not draw well and anticipating criticism of his work by other children, the teacher is the first to point out positive sides picture.

The analysis of children's work can be carried out in various ways, but it is imperative note how the tasks set at the beginning of the lesson were solved - what they managed to do correctly. Most often, to save time, the teacher selectively takes several works for analysis. Avoid showing the works of the same child in every class, even if they really stand out from the others. As a result of constant praise, he may develop unjustified self-confidence, a sense of superiority over other children. Gifted Children Should Be Conducted individual work taking into account their abilities and visual skills.

Sometimes the teacher instructs the children to choose a job for analysis... In these cases, all the works are laid out on one table (or attached to the stand) and the children are invited to choose the ones they like best. Then the teacher analyzes the selected works with the children in detail.

Discussion of the work of each child is possible in the preparatory group, the children are already interested in the results of the work of their comrades. But such an analysis should be carried out in free time from classes, since 2-3 minutes at the end of the lesson is not enough.

Children of 6 years old can be invited to analyze their work, comparing them with nature, a model. This fosters in children a critical attitude not only to the work of their comrades, but also to their own.

It is very important to observe the following assessment requirements:

Only the result that is achieved by the efforts of the child himself is evaluated;

As the child develops, the assessment becomes more and more differentiated;

You cannot compare the result of a child's activities with the successes of other children, you need to evaluate his achievements;

The assessment should be designed so that children are as active as possible in it, starting from a young age.

The third part of the lesson.Analysis of the results of the activities of children or pedagogical assessment of children's work ... The analysis of children's work is included in the lesson methodology as one of its most important components and in different forms necessary in every lesson. Viewing images created by children is of great educational and educational value. For a correct analysis, it is necessary to exhibit all the works on a drawing and applique stand or on a sculpting stand. The sculpted figures are installed on a special board-stand, divided into cells for each product. In this case, the children are looking at the stand, having gathered around it. If the group has shelves with cells near the board for viewing work, then the children can remain in their places at the table.

The organization of the discussion can be different, but the main form is as follows: while remaining in their places, the children look at the works posted on the stand. Educator thanks children for doing work and reminds tasks, which were put before the lesson. Based on these tasks, he builds his analysis. As a result of the analysis, children should understand how is it right do work and what mistakes did they make... Critical comments are kind, in advisory form. You should be very careful about creative idea a child even if he did not succeed at all.

From a very young age, you need to attract to the analysis of the children themselves... The teacher asks, children must draw their own conclusions - the knowledge gained is consolidated. When analyzing, you can use game situation: for example, an ambulance arrives and takes Sergei Bear to the hospital to Aibolit to treat his paw. One of the children in a medical cap and glasses sits at a table in the "hospital" and treats a bear cub in front of all the children. This is also the consolidation of knowledge, but in a playful way.

If the lesson lasted longer than usual, the children are tired, the time has come for a walk, the teacher is limited by a general approving assessment: “Today everyone did a good job, many did very well interesting drawings, later (before lunch, after sleep) we will consider them in detail ”.

Before lunch or after an afternoon nap, children’s work is posted on the stand and discussed by the whole group. In younger groups, it is not recommended to postpone the assessment for a long time, because children will lose interest in the results of their work, and the purpose of the analysis is to teach children to objectively evaluate the results of their work, to work creatively on solving a topic.

Analysis forms can be different:

· The teacher shows the drawing and offers to evaluate whether everything in it is correct, how the task was completed, what interesting things the child came up with;

· One of the children is instructed to choose the best, in his opinion, job and justify his choice;

· The child analyzes the drawing, comparing it with the nature, a sample, evaluates it;

· Children, together with the teacher, review one job after another and give them an assessment.

· Sometimes, in order to educate the ability to objectively evaluate their work, he invites children to place the most successful ones in the first row of the stand, those with minor mistakes in the second row, and the less successful ones in the third row.

After the lesson, the pupils are given the opportunity to look at the works again and talk about them. The educator, on the other hand, addresses those who are not very active during the analysis, who, in his opinion, need an individual discussion of the drawing, application, etc.

After the lesson, it is advisable to beautifully arrange all completed drawings, crafts and toys and demonstrate to parents in the dressing room. The caregiver draws their attention to their achievements of all children, not just your child. This weekly exhibition for parents, it stimulates the desire of children to do their job beautifully. The exhibition of children's works is valid until the next lesson, and then the drawings are replaced with new ones.

The design of the works can be different, but aesthetically thoughtful. The most interesting drawings and applications are displayed on a small stand for 6-8 works. The rest of the works (last 1-2 lessons) are stored in a folder in files or other. Works at the exhibition can be arranged in a gray mat with large margins to make the work look more attractive. On a separate label on the right, indicate the title of the work and the name of the author.

On the reverse side of the work, it is necessary to indicate the date of the lesson, the topic, the author of the work.

Where there is no opportunity to organize exhibitions, children's drawings, applications are made out in the album. For each child, a file is assigned to which the drawing is attached. The name of the author is indicated. After the lesson, the teacher takes out the previous work and puts in a new one.

The best works of each child are exhibited at permanent exhibition of works... These works preserve long time, they are constantly replenished, replaced, striving for all children to be participants in this exhibition.

Personal exhibition- one of the forms of encouraging children with extraordinary imagination. On a separate shelf, you need to collect all the works of one child, arrange them beautifully, write his name and surname, and show them to their parents.

The organization of exhibitions gives great results: it attracts children to visual activities, increases the aesthetic level of their work, and activates creativity. Each exhibition should have its own title- figurative, artistic.

Analysis of children's work

The development of analytical thinking, as a result of which a critical attitude to the perceived appears, allows children to objectively evaluate the work done by their comrades and their own work. But the child reaches this level of development by the age of five.

IN younger age the child cannot fully control and evaluate his actions and their results. If the process of work gave him pleasure, he will be pleased with the result, expecting approval from the educator.

IN younger group the teacher at the end of the lesson shows several well-done works without analyzing them. The purpose of the show is to draw the attention of children to the results of their activities. The teacher also approves of the work of other children, their positive assessment contributes to the preservation of interest in visual activity.

In the middle and senior groups, the educator uses the display and analysis of children's work as a technique to help children understand the achievements and mistakes in the image. The ability to see how correctly an object is depicted helps to develop a conscious attitude to the choice of means and methods of work, to activate all creative activity.

After completing the assignment, the teacher shows one of the works and notes its positive aspects: "How well, the house is neatly painted over", "How beautifully the colors in the pattern are chosen - dark and light next to them, they can be seen well", "How interesting the skier is fashioned", etc. etc.

If there are similar errors in many works, then you should pay attention to them, ask: How can they be corrected?

One should not consider the mistake in the work of one child with all children, since the realization of it will be important only for this child. It is better to analyze the causes of the error and the ways of its elimination in an individual conversation.

IN senior group all children should be involved in the analysis. However, sometimes the teacher gives the assessment himself. For example, wanting to encourage a child who does not draw well and anticipating criticism of his work by other children, the teacher is the first to point out the positive aspects of the drawing.

16. Name the purpose of using game techniques in teaching preschoolers to visualize. Expand the features of the use of game techniques, depending on the age of the children. Describe the groups of play techniques used in the guidance of the visual activity of preschoolers.

Solve the pedagogical problem:

With kids middle group the teacher conducts a lesson on the design of building material... Mishutka brought bear cubs with him from the forest, but they cannot get over to the children, because rivers of different widths flooded along the way. By asking the kids to think about how the cubs can get across the rivers, the teacher leads them to the need to build bridges of different lengths. Children choose planks and cubes of the desired length, build bridges with steps, along which it will be convenient for the cubs to walk. After that, each child takes his bear cub to the other side, plays with him, and when Mishutka calls his sons home, the children again carefully carry the toy across the bridge. Then, at the instruction of the teacher, the children fold the boards in size - long with long, short with short, put the cubes in a box and, saying goodbye to Mishka, go for a walk.

Predict the effectiveness of the use of play techniques by the teacher in the proposed situation. Suggest your version of the game situation on the proposed topic of the lesson.

Game techniques used in the direction of visual activity efficient and

invisible for the child way of learning and activity, contributing to careful preservation children's feelings, mood.

Game techniques are chosen by the teacher taking into account

features children's games, the logic of its development,

features visual activity.

All game techniques can be conditionally divided into two large groups:

Plot-game situations by type director's games

Plot and game situations with the role behavior of children and adults.

Today I wanted to make an analysis of children's drawings. We all drew in childhood, with pencils, paints. Now our children draw. But in the picture you can see everything that is happening in the soul of the child.
Indeed, a lot is hidden in the drawing that is important for both the child and the parents. The baby's drawing is speech, what he cannot say in words, he expresses with the help of a sheet of paper and a pencil. It is possible to analyze a baby's drawing only from 4 years old. Until 4 years old, these are just dashes and lines. Only pictures of a four year old child make sense.

It also makes sense to pay attention to such details. The kid draws himself separately from other family members, this is a signal of isolation in the family. If relatives are separated in the figure by partitions, this indicates problems in the family. If a baby draws his brother or sister larger than himself, this suggests that the parents are only concerned with the brother or sister.

If the baby himself is not in the picture, this suggests that there is no place for me in relations between relatives. This situation makes you wonder. And if all family members and the child are busy with some common cause, this indicates a good environment in the family. If the baby in the picture did not draw one of the family members, then the baby does not want to see and ignores this family member.

As a rule, babies use only 5 colors for drawing, if a child uses a wider palette of colors for painting, this indicates that your baby is sensual. Let's talk about the color palette your kid uses for drawings. Black is the color of depression and the need for change. Green color this stubbornness, as well as the desire for independence.
Yellow is the color of curiosity, positive, good emotions. Purple speaks of fantasy. Red is excitability, aggression. Brown color these are negative emotions, slowness. Blue is the color of focus on problems, introspection. Grey colour it is indifference, detachment. According to the drawings of the baby, you can determine the wishes and dreams of the baby. And the older your child gets, the more often his dreams and desires are present in the drawings. It's great when your kid draws not only with a brush and pencils, but also with his fingers, palm, on paper or Whatman paper, or if you have old wallpaper, you can draw with back side wallpaper.

If your baby carefully chooses paints and draws all the details of the drawing, this indicates that the baby has positive emotions, and the baby has a positive attitude towards people. If the baby draws with a dark palette of colors, and does not paint very neatly, this suggests that your baby is overwhelmed with negative emotions.

Let's analyze children's drawings:

If your baby draws the sun, clouds, blue sky on a piece of paper, this baby is a dreamer, a joyful and sensitive child.

If a child draws houses, this suggests that the child loves order in everything, the kid is used to defending his opinion. And this is very good.

If the baby draws fences, then this suggests that the baby wants to hide from prying eyes, to run away, this means that the baby has a strong need for peace, or excessive demands are made on the baby in the family.

If a child draws flowers, this means that the main thing in a child's life is harmony in everything, harmony in attitude, harmony in clothes.

If a child draws trees, a forest, this indicates that he is looking for care, custody in the family. This means that the baby in the family does not have enough care. Such a kid often does not like and does not know how to defend his opinion.

If a child depicts the stars, the moon, this kid dreams of climbing to the very peaks of success, the kid has a strong will.

If the picture shows chains, such children need order, consistency, predictability in life.

If a child draws a torso, arms and legs are a broad nature, the child is able to understand everyone, however, such kindness and breadth of the baby's soul can hurt own plans child.

If the kid draws doodles, this speaks of internal chaos, the kid is on the verge of an important decision for him, which is in his soul.

If the baby draws faces, heads, this suggests that the baby willingly supports old acquaintances, and also willingly makes new acquaintances. Optimism is your baby's credo.

Now you can analyze children's drawings and you will know what your child feels, what he thinks and what is going on in your baby's soul.

In order not to conduct any tests and analyzes of the baby's drawings, devote more time to the child, bring up your child, talk to him, tell him what is good and what is bad. Children need your love, affection, be attentive to your children. May peace, comfort, order, love, prosperity reign in your family.

Drawing for a child is not art, but speech. Drawing makes it possible to express what, due to age restrictions, he cannot express in words. In the process of drawing, the rational fades into the background, prohibitions and restrictions recede. At this moment, the child is absolutely free. Children's drawing most often clearly demonstrates the sphere of interests of the smallest artist. In the early stages of development (up to three years), these are dashes, lines, circles. The kid "tries" a pencil or brush, experiments. Usually he first makes a drawing, and then comes up with what he depicted, for what This may be similar. Later (by the age of four) appears design concept ... From a certain age (3.5 - 4 years old) a person becomes the object of close attention and study. From the point of view of psychodiagnostics, a person's drawing is one of the most accurate and reliable sources of information. The difficulty lies only in the fact that the information contained in such a message is, figuratively speaking, "encoded", and the picture must be correctly "read". Psychologists who use drawing techniques in their work must have sufficient qualifications and experience in working with children. However, attentive parents can always notice creative works the child is something unusual, to feel his mood, to catch the hidden tension. Therefore, as a "first aid" we offer several lessons on the analysis of children's drawings.

Children's drawing details depend on age

The child should be asked to draw his family. Moreover, so that everyone is busy with some business. Let him have a choice of colored pencils and enough paper - a regular album sheet (A4 format) will do just fine. Do not rush the kid or comment on his drawing while drawing. And when he finishes the family portrait, it's time to ask questions: who exactly did he draw and what all these characters are doing. When starting to analyze a drawing, adults should take into account that its content and, relatively speaking, the quality depends on age. young artist... In three-year-old children, people most often look like "cephalopods": some creatures, the body and head of which are a single "bubble" with legs. A face may appear. But strictly speaking it will be more accurate to analyze the drawing from the point of view of personal development and psycho-emotional state from 4-5 years old ... By the age of four, a child usually already depicts a person in the form of two ovals with arms and legs - sticks. Head, eyes, torso, arms, legs appear in the drawings of five-year-old children. At six years old, a nose, mouth, fingers are added to the above (their number is insignificant). By the age of seven, the "painters" no longer lose sight of such details human image, like a neck, hair (or hat), clothes (at least in a schematic form), and arms and legs depict double lines... Usually, these criteria are guided by when assessing the mental development of a child.

Analysis of children's drawing according to ... their own feelings

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Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the structure of the family drawing. It is necessary to compare its real composition with the one depicted by the child on paper. You should also consider the drawing order, the size of the shapes, and their position on the sheet. The first and largest, as a rule, depicts the most significant family member in the understanding of the young artist. Children usually paint themselves next to those to whom they have the greatest affection. And farthest in the picture is the most unsympathetic relative to the baby. The picture in profile or back also indicates a tense relationship between this family member and the author of the drawing. Children live with momentary experiences. And often an emotional relationship with someone close (a recent quarrel, resentment) can make their own adjustments to the drawing. In this case, the baby may even "forget" someone. For example, 6-year-old Alyosha does not paint his father, who pays little attention to him and is rude. And he explains his absence in the picture by the fact that "dad went on a business trip." Alice (4 years old) did not draw her little sister Ksyusha, explaining her absence by the fact that the baby “sleeps in another room”. The girl cannot come to terms with the fact that her mother, because of her sister, does not pay as much attention to her as before. There are also the opposite situations, when the child depicts in the picture really non-existent family members. Sasha (5 years old) surprised his mother a lot when he drew a playing baby next to him and said that he finally had a brother! Such "adjustments" to the composition of the family are made by children who are dissatisfied with their emotional state. They need more friendly attention from adults and games "on equal terms", and better - entertainment in the company of other children of the same kind. Important role when analyzing a child's drawing, what the family members are doing also plays a role. If they are united by some common cause, most often this indicates a favorable family climate. Very significant an indicator of psychological closeness is the real distance between the depicted figures ... By drawing himself apart from the rest, the child can “signal” his isolation in the family. If he separates his relatives from each other with partitions or places them in different "rooms", this may indicate communication problems. The size of the image tells about the place this person occupies in the emotional life of the family. For example, if a child draws a younger brother or sister larger than himself, then we can assume exclusive attention to him from loved ones. He "takes up a lot of space in their lives." The absence of the smallest artist in the drawing is a frequent sign that the child feels lonely in the family, and there is "no place" for him in relations between loved ones. You can check this by asking the kid a question: "Maybe you forgot to draw someone?" It happens that even a direct instruction: “you forgot to portray yourself”, the child ignores or explains: “there is no room left”, “then I will finish painting”. This situation is a serious reason to think about family relationships. A very dense image of figures, as if overlapping each other, speaks of an equally close relationship between people close to the baby or his need for such connections.

Assessment of "writing style"

A fairly common sign of increased anxiety in a child is self-correction. Especially those that do not lead to an improvement in image quality. There are drawings of individual small strokes - the baby seems to be afraid to draw a decisive line. Sometimes the whole drawing or some of its parts is shaded. In such cases, one can also assume an increased anxiety of the young artist. Worth paying attention to exaggerated big eyes in the portrait, especially if the pupils are densely shaded in them. Perhaps the baby is experiencing a sense of fear. Numerous decorations, the presence of additional details and elements of the costume of the author of the drawing indicate the demonstrativeness of the child, his desire to be noticed, the craving for external effects. This is more common in girls. Very weak pencil pressure, low (not for age) detail pattern is found in asthenic children, prone to rapid fatigue, emotionally sensitive, psychologically unstable. And children who easily, for no apparent reason, change their mood, usually in the process of drawing, they often change pressure: some lines are barely noticeable, others are drawn with noticeable effort. Impulsive kids often do not finish the lines or, conversely, draw sweepingly, so their drawings give the impression of being careless, out of control. Here, strong pressure and gross violations symmetry. Sometimes the drawing "does not fit" on the sheet. There are drawings where everything the figures are very small. Usually the whole composition is oriented to some edge of the sheet. This means that the baby feels weak and does not believe in himself. Perhaps one of the relatives is very strict with him or the requirements for the child do not correspond to his real capabilities. If the kid portrays himself in an open position (arms and legs are widely spaced, the figure is large, often rounded), this speaks of his sociability and cheerfulness. On the contrary, the “closed” posture (hands are pressed to the body or hidden behind the back, the figure is elongated, angular) rather indicates a closed person, inclined to restrain his feelings and thoughts. Both in the drawings of boys and in the drawings of girls, you can often see symbols of aggressive tendencies Behaviors: large, accented fists, weapons, fearsome posture, well-defined nails and teeth. Despite their apparent hostility, they can be an expression of defensive behavior. ... Adults should figure out what is the source of increased emotional danger for their child, and why he needed such a demonstration of his strength. A special place is occupied by drawings in violation of the accepted standards of the image ... In particular, the image of the genitals. For young children (up to 4 years old), this is rather a frequent occurrence. This reflects the tendency towards the naturalness of life in all its manifestations. In older preschoolers, such a drawing speaks of demonstrativeness, a desire to attract attention in a provocative way, serves as an expression of aggression.

Is the palette a mirror of the soul?

Children very early begin to "feel" the color and select it according to their mood and attitude. Dr. Max Luscher, a psychologist and color researcher, studied a selection of shades from colors different people. He concluded that the choice of color reflects psychological qualities of a person and his state of health. Number of colors the child uses can be viewed from several positions. First of all, this is a characteristic of the level of development of the emotional sphere as a whole. Usually children use 5-6 colors. In this case, we can talk about a normal average level of emotional development. A wider palette of colors suggests a sensitive nature, rich in emotions. If a child over 3-4 years old draws with 1-2 colored pencils, this most likely indicates his negative state in this moment: anxiety (blue), aggression (red), depression (black). Use only simple pencil(if there is a choice) is sometimes interpreted as a "lack" of color, thus the child "informs" about what is lacking in his life bright colors, positive emotions. The most emotionally significant figures highlight big amount flowers. And overtly rejected characters are usually painted in black or dark brown. Colors can also convey certain properties of character and state. Each of the colors has its own symbolic meaning. :

• Navy blue - concentration, focus on internal problems, the need for peace and satisfaction, introspection;
• green - poise, independence, perseverance, stubbornness, striving for security;
• Red - willpower, eccentricity, outward orientation, aggression, increased activity, excitability;
• yellow - positive emotions, spontaneity, curiosity, optimism;
• Violet - fantasy, intuition, emotional and intellectual immaturity (children often prefer this color);
• Brown - sensory support of sensations, slowness, physical discomfort, often negative emotions;
• black - depression, protest, destruction, an urgent need for change;
• grey - "lack" of color, indifference, detachment, desire to leave, not to notice what is disturbing.

From theory to practice

So, the kid spent several minutes over a sheet of paper with pencils in his hands, and the picture is ready. How much important for himself and for his parents is hidden in this picture! Let's try to read it? Here is a child portrayed himself, but the posture is unstable, and there is no face. How to communicate without a face? - Hard! Here is the baby in the crib - lay down to rest. He might be tired. Or maybe sick? And the color chose brown. Yes, it is - the temperature! Why do all girls draw princesses? This is how they feel or ... they really want it. Just to be in the spotlight, to be the most-most ... And what is the demand from the princess? And here is a boy, armed to the teeth. He needs protection. Maybe someone offended him.

Examples of analysis of specific drawings:

Child's drawing 1

The author of this “family portrait” is Alyosha (6 years old).

Age criterion In the child's behavior, there are features inherent in an earlier age, the emotional-volitional sphere is characterized by immaturity. All the characters in the picture are depicted in the same way. Clothing, with its inherent details, is missing. The hairstyle acts as a symbolic sign of gender. The characteristic absence of a neck in the depicted people in this case indicates the difficulty of controlling the mind over bodily impulses, that is, Alyosha's behavior is high mobility, at times - disinhibition, impulsivity. Emotional characteristic The drawing is bright, light, cheerful, orderly, rather benevolent. Family image features The family in the picture is reflected in full complement... In the center of the composition is the pope as an important subject in the domestic hierarchy. It is safe to assume that mom is physically and emotionally closer to Alyosha. The couples that have formed are noteworthy: mom - son (the youngest in the family), dad - daughter. Sister Lena is farthest from the author of the drawing. Probably, not everything is going well in their relationship. It is significant that of all family members, only the Pope "stands firmly on the ground." The rest - hover, a little "soar in the clouds." In general, we can talk about a fairly warm and close relationship between family members. This is evidenced by the insignificant distance between them, the choice of a common color and the image in the same range of the house with the smoke from the chimney, symbolizing the “warmth of the family hearth”. "The manner of writing" All lines of the drawing are made with confident, decisive movements. Probably, it is this style of behavior that is most characteristic of Alyosha. But strong pressure and accentuated shading of the boy's body speak of internal anxiety, anxiety, maybe physical (literally bodily) malaise. The hairstyle betrays an active nature, at times, perhaps, aggressive. Interesting detail- peculiar antennas (according to Alyosha), which in the picture "grow" from the boy's ears. They symbolize the need for information to compensate for difficulties in communication (the child does not have a face in the image). The poses of all the characters are open, the figures are rounded, which suggests people who are cheerful, sociable. In the case of Alyosha, this seeming contradiction may mean: "I want to communicate, play, but they don't always understand me." Palette The color scheme of the picture is very symbolic. The little artist opted for a signal red color for all family members, especially for himself. This indicates an outward orientation, sociability, increased activity of the author of the drawing. Additional green emphasizes the desire for independence and the desire to insist on one's own as a habitual way of behaving. An important detail of the drawing is the clearly traced surface of the earth. If Alyosha spent a lot of time on her image, this is probably something important for him. In this case, the land can be viewed as a need for support, greater stability and stability. The purpose of drawing analysis is always a deeper understanding of the child, a look at the family through his eyes and the identification of paths to positive changes. In this case, I would like to recommend Alyosha's parents that they pay more attention to deep, confidential communication with their son, often talk to him just like that, ask for his opinion on various issues. They should also consider what the difficulty of contact between son and daughter is. BUT leisure, outdoor play can significantly reduce emotional and physical stress.

Child's drawing 2.

Its author - Maxim (4 years 10 months)

Age criterion This pattern is more typical for six-year-old children. We can say that the boy is developing intellectually ahead of his age. Emotional characteristic The drawing is bright, dynamic, but restless. Features of the family image. The family is shown in full force. Attention is drawn to the sexual identification of the young author with his father (see clothes). However, emotionally, the child is still closer to the mother, which is typical for a preschooler. It is interesting that the boy does not seem to have enough space in the drawing, he is unsteady on his feet. Its position is unstable and changeable. Palette The child chose for himself purple, which, combined with his insecure position in the family (as mentioned above), indicates a possible psychoemotional instability, frequent mood swings. For mum little artist chose energetic somewhat chaotic, yellow... Dad is brown. In his image, attention is focused on the physical body. This is how the child sees his parents. "The manner of writing" The figures are large, angular - most likely, in the child's communication there is some straightforwardness and a tendency to conflicts (sharp corners). Noticeable shading and well-defined pupils suggest latent anxiety.

Child's drawing 3

Petya, 6 years old.

The drawing is bright, rich, energetic, well-organized. It is quite consistent with the age of the artist. In the structure of the family, there are "adult" and "children" groups. Younger brother and her sister strive to be emotionally and physically closer to Petya. Probably the family has a psychologically close, equal relationship. Mom is the most vivid, emotional image. The child highlights the image of the mother using color and draws it first. Petya portrays himself as an adult. The arms are somewhat shortened compared to other images. This is usually found in the drawings of children who consider themselves not skillful enough, are critical of their practical skills and capabilities. The sun and flowers are very common in children's drawings. It is worth paying attention if their appearance is unjustified by the situation. For example, the sun appears in a drawing of a room. Then we talk about the need for more warm relations in family. In Petit's drawing, these symbols most likely speak of a positive attitude towards his family.

Child's drawing 4

Polina, 7 years old.

Often children draw arbitrarily, without a special task, the request: "I draw a girl like me." In this case, we observe a somewhat idealized idea of ​​the child about himself. Let's pay attention to Polina's drawing. It is located at the top of the leaf, rather large and bright. You can talk about the child's positive self-esteem, activity, emotionality. Probably, the girl is distinguished by high self-control, developed intelligence, sociability. But she lacks stability (pay attention to the accentuated traced line of the ground and the small legs of the child). From a psychological point of view it comes about self-doubt. This usually happens in a family where one child is brought up: he is given, as paradoxical as it sounds, too much attention, every step is controlled and directed. Thus, the child is deprived of the opportunity to somehow show independence. Gradually getting used to this situation, the child is afraid to make a wrong step and waits for "valuable instructions." Maybe Polina should sometimes make her own mistakes and learn from them?

Child's drawing 5

Alexandra, 4 years old.

The drawing is dynamic, bright, somewhat chaotic. The emotional center of the family is undoubtedly the mother: the heat (sun), the child, the dog are concentrated around her. Her dress is decorated with a pattern. Please note that Sasha draws himself as an equal with adults and only his legs do not reach the ground. The girl's character is probably fighting, impulsive, boyish. The lines of the drawing are sweeping, with strong pressure suggesting a low level of self-control. For such children, games with simple rules involving several players are useful. Active sports will also teach you to better understand yourself and correlate your desires with the interests of the team.

Child's drawing 6

Petya, 4 years 6 months

Absolutely unusual drawing for a child of 4.5 years old. The cephalopods immediately turned into mature patterns. This is especially true for images of adults. Undoubtedly, this is a drawing of a very observant, developed and at the same time anxious child. Abundant shading, density, tightness of the image, emphatically drawn eyes indicate the presence of anxiety. The most striking, significant figure is the pope. Pay attention to how the shading of clothes differs among family members. Dad has an official suit. Probably in life, dad is very organized, business man... The figures in the figure are depicted very tightly. This may indicate an equally close relationship in reality. But our protagonist seems to need to active life greater physical and psychological space. At first glance, it may seem that the analysis of children's drawings is not so difficult task... However, I would like to warn parents against harsh language and psychological diagnosis. Indeed, behind the apparent simplicity and elegance of the method there are many nuances, interrelationships of individual manifestations and features. In addition, the person analyzing the drawing considers it through the prism of his personal experience and the state at a given time. Therefore, you should not make far-reaching conclusions on your own. And if something in the child's drawing has alerted or puzzled the parents, it is better not to postpone a visit to a specialist. Let it help you figure it out!