Business project to create your own business. Ready business plan with calculations on the example of a web studio

Often, novice entrepreneurs face a rather complicated problem - how to make a business plan. This task is not easy, because for the study of each element it is necessary to have certain knowledge and understanding of the activity in which you are going to start a business. If they are not, then you will have to first get acquainted with information, various techniques, and even then proceed to practice.

By the way, we made a series of articles with examples and samples of business plans in the section. We also recommend you to get acquainted with the article :. This will help write your business plan correctly.

In the meantime, go to how to make a business plan for yourself.

Put for myself the ultimate goal

Before writing a business plan, it is very important at the beginning of the project development to understand what particular purpose to persecute the organization. For a successful embodiment, it is necessary to take into account the value of three significant factors:

1. Awareness of the initial location (then, from what we will be repelled, the so-called point "A").
2. Determination of the ultimate goal, the achievement of which will be the most important result (let it be a point "b").
3. Drawing up a clear sequence of how from point "A" to come to the point "B", as well as an understanding of the mechanism, its study.

Define for whom we make a business plan

Next, it is necessary to understand for whom this plan is drawn up. From the choice of the final "reader" will depend on the detail of the presentation, the evidence base. Any project is drawn up for one of the following "consumers":

• For potential investors . These may be lenders, state support authorities that provide developing subsidies and other promotions, various grantors.

When writing in this case, special attention should be paid to the evidence base of the viability of the project being developed, as well as the conviction in the efficiency of the use of the funds provided. This information will be relevant for those who give money to debt, and for those who give them free (subsidies, grants).

It is very important to make all its actions to make logical and consistent. Some of the information can be represented by a slightly embezzlement for financial support. However, you don't need to cry with it.

The main parameters of such a project will be such qualities as purity, accuracy and logicality. All the facts are obliged to contain specifics, explanations. Details in this case is also welcome.

Presentability will depend on the speech to potential investors, it will be necessary to use slides, visibility (samples, results of research and other).

• For yourself . Such a plan is drawn up for actions that will be used in implementing to achieve maximum efficiency.

In this case, it is important to reflect information about the necessary and available resources. The business plan should be as close as possible to what is really.

It is worth understanding that these are completely two different cases that require an individual approach. It is impossible to make the same business plan for yourself for potential investors. And of course it is worth noting that the project for those who may provide financial resources will be more complete and detailed.

We make preliminary analysis

Work on any project begins with the analysis of the situation in the present time. To systematize all available information, descriptions and filling of all sections, you need to explore the data, analyze them in the aggregate. If the source information is not enough, it is necessary to fill it up, contacting the specialists or further explore all aspects of the situation.

Very often for a preliminary assessment of the situation, as well as its analysis use the methodology recognized worldwide, which is called SWOT. - Analysis . Its popularity is due to simplicity, clarity and accuracy.

What is a SWOT analysis and how to apply it in practice

The name of this technique is deciphered as "strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats." It is used to evaluate all internal and external factors affecting the organization. An important advantage is the objectivity of SWOT-analysis, it displays a truly real picture.

It is necessary to seriously approach the elaboration of each of the indicators. At the same time, the strengths are the initial advantages of work in this area. Weaknesses are studied to eliminate them. For example, if the weak side is the absence of its own premises, it is worth considering their acquisitions, eliminating this drawback. These two parameters are more in the internal factors, because they are due to the situation of the organization itself.

But opportunities and threats are directly related to the external environment. They can not affect them directly. So, having considered available opportunities, you can use them for good, increasing efficiency or saving on something. For example, adapt the packaging design for the consumer market, increasing the demand for the goods itself. But the consideration of threats and responding to them will help to avoid difficulties and losses. It is important to either use the "Avoidance" policy, or try to use the situation for yourself in good.

Already after the study of all aspects of SWOT analysis, you need to proceed to the consideration of individual sections of the business plan. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the assessment of the resources of the project described, including monetary, labor, intellectual, temporary. This will significantly save time, as well as help to pre-assess the effectiveness and cost of the project.

You can get acquainted with the structure and sections in the relevant article presented earlier.

We make a title list, summaries, set the goals of a business project

Registration of any project begins with the writing of a title list, which necessarily indicates: type of activity, organizational and legal form, organization name, its legal address, as well as data on the founder and location of the company itself.

Next, go to writing a summary. It is important to understand what makes this section after the remaining remaining. It contains consolidated information about what will be reviewed in the project. Conditionally resume can be called some "squeezing" from other project sections. It is important that in this section the reader receives an answer to the two most important questions:

1. What are the benefits of potential investors if they put money into the project and will it be successfully implemented?
2. What are the possible risks of losses, as well as what scope (partial or complete loss)?

In the "Goal Setting" section, it is very important to indicate the purpose itself, the tasks, possible problems, actions, deadlines, as well as arguments that will allow the investor to be confident in the success of the proposed project. Here just can be displayed the results of SWOT-analysis in tabular form:

We analyze the market

In this section, it is very important to reflect the current situation by collecting the most recent information, and not to use obsolete. Consider competitors, as well as their strengths and weaknesses can be in tabular form:

It is necessary to make a portrait of a potential buyer (objectively assessing the situation), consider the possibility of attracting other segments of the population.

We estimate the possibility of organizing in this industry

This section contains information about the organization itself. It is worth paying attention to the mode of operation and seasonality, since these factors directly affect the size of possible income, their constancy. If a business plan is an existing organization that plans, for example, to make the production of a new product, then the description of the section is reduced to transfer already known data (organizational and legal form, methods of taxation, goods, information about the company and others).

For those companies that only plan to open, it is necessary to very seriously approach the choice of the OPF and the taxation system. Legislation will also be studied: various regulatory acts and other documents.

Describe a product or service

In this section, special attention should be paid to the goods and services that will be profitable. Previously need:

• Make a detailed description of the main and secondary goods. It is advisable to provide a project with photos of finished products (samples) or samples themselves.
• Match the product with a description of the portrait of a potential consumer.
• It is worth highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each product, compare with competitive products in the industry. Based on the information received, competitiveness is estimated. This data can be submitted in the table form of the following form:

• Describe the process of supplying goods or providing services (OPT, retail, end user).

Such a detailed consideration will help to understand what the features of your goods and sales market as a whole.

Attention should be given to what additional documents will have to be issued (various patents, certificates, copyrights).

Make a marketing plan

Based on previously obtained results, you can move to the development of the marketing plan. Special attention should be paid to the tools promoting goods. They can be: advertising, merchandising, direct sales, sales stimulation and others.

It is necessary to study in very detailed demand in the segment of the market in which it is planned to work. It should be determined by average prices, elasticity (variability) of demand, methods of stimulation. It is also important to explore the target segments and groups of buyers.

It is worth thinking about sales methods, as well as consumers, whether legal entities, individuals or end consumers. For each of them you can develop a separate sales program.

You need to think about the possible ways to attract buyers. In addition, we can think about promotions, exhibitions.

We can certainly predict the volume of future sales. This can be clearly using the following type table:

It is important not to overestimate the predicted sales so that the data looks realistic. You need to justify the quantity, while taking confidence to creditors.

If you wish, you can make a realistic, pessimistic and optimistic scenario, justifying each of them.

In general, any marketing program can be represented as:

Make a production plan

The preparation of the production plan is not necessarily for those organizations that are not assembled independently do something. So, if the company is collected only to trade with goods or services, this section can be in principle. But for those organizations that are directly related to production, the preparation of the production plan is almost a paramount task.

At the same time, it is initially necessary to consider the available and necessary production facilities, including premises and equipment. Information can also be represented in tabular form:

It is also very important to compile raw materials supply schemes, their storage. In addition, it is clearly to depict the production process itself (this information can be placed in the application).

Immediately indicate data on the required employees, a regular schedule is drawn up, indicating the qualifications, the method of salary accrual, work schedule and other information.

We compile organizational plan

This section displays all actions related to the organization of business. It is important to split them into individual steps, indicating the deadlines for each item. You can use a tabular view:

It is necessary to distribute all the steps in the correct sequence. You can provide information to submit them and in the form of a schedule of implementation.

In addition, legal aspects need to be included here.

Compile financial plan

This section is devoted to the compilation of detailed estimates. In other words, all costs are planned to be necessary. It is best to do it in tabular form, providing clarity and simplicity of study.

It is worth understanding that any organization has a lump sum and periodic. For one-time costs include fixed assets, and periodic in turn are divided into permanent and variables. Continuous costs do not depend on the production volume. Of course, it makes sense to talk about constant costs only in the short-term period, since in a long period, any costs become variables.

After all costs are taken into account, provided that the cost is known, it is possible to find a break-even point that shows the volume of sales in which income will be equal to expenses.

It is necessary to find a break-even point in order to approximately represent those exhaust production or sales that will provide not only break-evenness, but also the profitability of the enterprise. For clarity, it is necessary to make a schedule showing the dependence of profits from the volume of sold goods (services). It can look like this:

It is also worth including depreciation costs. Indeed, as a result of complete wear, most fixed assets require replacement. In addition, we should consider tax and pension deductions (periodic costs). The most complete display of all expenses will help estimate the real size of profit.

To calculate payback periods, you can use a simplified formula:

Payback period \u003d lump sum / net monthly profit.

You can also include profitability calculations (it is necessary to take into account that there is a lot of formulas, you need to choose a suitable for type of business and that profitability of which is calculated).

We consider risks

In this section, it is possible for clarity to make a table in which:

• Possible risks.
• The likelihood of their offensive.
• Ways to avoid.
• Possible losses.

If some risks are planned to insure, it also needs to be displayed in a business plan. Do not forget to include insurance costs in the financial plan.

What is this partition? Everything is very simple. Any investor wants to be sure of the success of the project or at least compensation for losses. Knowing possible dangers, you can always try to avoid them or reduce losses. The main thing in this case is knowledge of vulnerable places and their exception.

Sometimes various applications are added to which schemes, graphs, tables, certificates, contracts, licenses are included. It can be said that this is a kind of visual material that is put into a separate section in order not to clutter the project itself.

Applications

It is necessary to really attach all those documents that were discussed in the business plan and which would serve as a confirmation of the foregoing. These can be various schemes, plans, summaries, credit certificate, warranty letters, various statutory documents, etc.

The most common mistakes allowed when drawing up a business plan

1. Ignoring seasonality work. This shortcoming negates all the calculations made. If a business is seasonal, then it is necessary to take into account when calculating sales volumes, trying to compensate for the lack of other months.
2. Owliness of planned sales volumes (production). Such an indicator will also affect the efficiency of fixed assets, production capacity.
3. Invalidation of working capital. It is important not only to determine the profit, but also with the part that will have to be used for further business.
4. Mixing cash flows. This is due to the situation when the project is financed by the company.
5. Improve the discount rate. Also relates to its own resources. An error is associated with the fact that the possibilities of using funds are not as possible in which they could be involved.
6. Too much business plan. No need to clutter the project with extra information.
7. Not realistic data. All information should be supported by weighty arguments.
8. It is impossible to talk about additional financing uncertainly. It is either there or it is not.
9. Incomplete information about financial forecasts. Be sure to return to the project, all financial data should be specified for each month separately.
10. Superficial market analysis. It is necessary to thoroughly explore the segment in which you are going to work, because the success of the case depends on this.
11. "Approximate" costs. All of them must be taken into account and be accurate, because the profit of your enterprise will depend on it.

Instead of imprisonment

Now you know how to make a business plan. There are no universal business plans. Much depends on the chosen industry, the features of production and other factors. It is necessary to approach the development of the project consciously, spending a lot of strength and time on him.

It is a document in which all the characteristics of the future organization are highlighted, analysis of possible problems and risks are analyzed, their prediction and methods, with which they will be avoided.

Simply put, a business plan for and an investor is the answer to the question "Do I need to finance the project or send it to the trashkin?".

Important! The business plan is drawn up on paper, given some orders and rules. Such a presentation of the project to some extent materializes your idea, shows your desire and readiness to work. Also, paperwork simplifies the perception of ideas from the investor.

Self-drawing of a business plan

Make a business plan myself is not so difficult, you only need to thoroughly think about the idea. Before grabbed for the calculator and calculate the income, you need to take several actions.

1. To identify the "pros" and "minuses" of the idea. If the number of "minuses" rolls up - do not rush to give up. Some aspects can be rotated in the opposite direction, think about the methods of solving such "minuses".
2. Important characteristics are competitiveness and market stability.
3. Market sales need to be thought out to the smallest detail.
4. The payback of goods (services) and the time of receipt of the first profit will allow you to determine (approximately) the required amount for investments.

If after such a superficial analysis you did not break the brainchild, then it's time to take a blank sheet and start creating a business plan.

It's important to know! Unified structure and step-by-step instructions of how to calculate a business plan, no. Therefore, the presence and order of items included in the plan is determined independently. However, experts set the most optimal option of the plan structure. If there is no experience in making such documents, it is necessary to take advantage of these recommendations to competently compile work.

Structure and procedure for compiling a business plan

The structure of a good business plan, as economists consider, should include 12 points. Each of them is described below.

Title page

The following parameters are specified here:

• name of the project;
• the name of the organization, where the project is planned, with the indication of phones, addresses and other contact data;
• head of the above organization;
• developer (team or leader) business plan;
• document drawing date;
• it is allowed on the first sheet of the most significant indicators of financial calculations on the project.

This document is necessary to protect copyright to the idea and business plan. Here reflected awareness of the reading that he is not entitled to distribute information contained in the document without permission of the author. There may also be an indication of the prohibition of copying, duplication of the document, the transfer to another, the requirement to return the read business plan to the author if the investor does not accept the Agreement.

An example of a confidentiality memorandum can be observed below.

The following 2 sections of the Plan - "Brief Summary" and "Home Project Idea" - entrance. They can be used as a preliminary offer (for familiarization) to partners and investors until negotiations have been appointed.

Brief summary

Although a brief summary of such a document is at the beginning, it is written at the final stage, as a result. Summary is a shortened description of the project idea and a list of the most significant characteristics of the financial component.

The following questions will be helped here, responding to which you can get an excellent resume:

1. What product does the company plan to implement?
2. Who wants to buy this product?
3. What is planned to be sales (production) for the first year of the company's functioning? What is the revenue?
4. How many in the amount are the project costs?
5. How will an enterprise for organizational and legal form?
6. What number of workers plan to attract?
7. What is the amount of capital investments on the implementation of the project?
8. What are the sources of financing this project?
9. How much will be the total profit (yield) for a specific period, payback period, the amount of funds at the end of the first year of functioning of the enterprise, profitability. Clean discounted income.

It's important to know! Summary is read by the investor first. Therefore, the further fate of the project depends on this section: the investor is either becoming interesting or boring. This part should not exceed the volume in 1 page.

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe project

1. What is the main project goal?
2. What are the tasks of the enterprise to achieve the main goal?
3. Are there obstacles before the goal and how to get around them?
4. What exact actions the author suggests to fulfill the result as soon as possible and achieve the goal? What are these deadlines?

Important! It is necessary to bring clear, real and obvious arguments that will confirm confidence in the profitability and success of the project. The volume of this part is optimal within 1-2 pages.

In the same section, it is customary to use a conducted SWOT analysis – assessment of strong, weak characteristics of the enterprise, opportunities (prospects), as well as possible threats. Make a business plan correctly and most fully without such an analysis is unlikely to succeed.

The SWOT-analysis reflects 2 parties affecting the course of the organization's life: internal, concerning the enterprise itself, and external (all that outside the company, that it cannot be changed).

Do not forget: You describe the company, not a product! A frequent error of the authors is that they start in the column "forces" to write product characteristics.

Here are the parameters for the description of forces or weakness, you can use:

• high-tech production;
• service and service after sales;
• product Multifunctionality (without affecting specific properties);
• level of qualification and professionalism of employees;
• the level of technical equipment of the enterprise.

To external factors ("possibilities" and "threats") include:

• pace of market growth;
• competition level;
• political situation in the region, country;
• features of legislation;
• features of consumer solvency.

Example

Industrial characteristics on the market

• dynamics of sales of similar products in the industry in recent years;
• growth rate of the market industry;
• trends and features of pricing;
• comprehensive assessment of competitors;
• searching and indicating new and young enterprises in the industry, as well as the characteristics of their activities;
• description of the consumer market, their desires, intentions, requirements, opportunities;
• assessment of the possible impact of scientific, public, economic aspects;
• prospects in development in the market.

Essence of the project

This section discloses the idea, the subject of the business plan. It also reflects the level of the company's preparedness to the exit "to the light", the presence of all the funds required for this.

The most important sites in this section:

• paramount goals;
• description of the target consumer segment;
• key productive factors of market success;
• detailed representation of the product, the characteristics of which are required to be within the framework of the above segment of the market;
• the product development phase (if production is running), patent and author's purity;
• characteristic of the organization;
• the total cost of the project, with the indication of the financing schedule for periods and the amounts of investments;
• the required costs of the initial period on the marketing campaign and the formation of a coherent organ structure.

Marketing plan

There are tasks, marketing policies and methods for their solution and achievement. It is important to specify which task for which personnel is intended for which time it takes its execution and with what tools. Means needed for the latter also need to be indicated.

Marketing plan - This is a strategy, a set of consecutive and / or simultaneous steps, created to attract consumers and effective returns on their part.

The investor will be attentive to such items as:

• developed system of comprehensive research and analysis of the market;
• the planned sales volume of the goods (services) and its range, painted in time periods until the company's exit to full capacity;
• methods of improving products;
• description of product packaging and pricing policy;
• procurement and sales system;
• advertising strategy - clearly formulated and understandable;
• service planning;
• monitoring the implementation of the marketing strategy.

Production plan

Everything concerns directly creating products is reflected in this part. Therefore, this section is advisable to compile only those companies that plan not only the distribution, but also the production of products.

Moments, mandatory to instructions:

• required production capacity;
• detailed interpretation of the technological process;
• a detailed description of the operations entrusted by subcontractors;
• the necessary equipment, its characteristics, cost and method of procurement or lease;
• subcontractors;
• the necessary area under production;
• raw materials, resources.

It is important to indicate the cost of everything that requires costs.

Organizational plan

At this stage, the principles of organizational strategic management of the company are being developed. If the enterprise already exists, then this item is still required: it is determined here the compliance of the existing structure of the intended goals. The organizational part must certainly comprise such data:

• name of the Organizational and Legal Form (IP, OJSC, Association and others);
• system of orgiculture reflecting the structure in the form of a schema, provisions and instructions, links and dependence of units;
• founders, their description and data;
• governing composition;
• interaction with staff;
• supply of the management system necessary material and technical resources;
• company location.

Financial plan

This chapter of the business plan gives a cumulative economic assessment of the written project, accompanied by the calculations of the level of profitability, the cost of payback period, the financial stability of the enterprise.

The financial plan for the investor is very important, here it determines whether this project is attractive for him.

Here it is necessary to make some calculations and summarize on them:

Risk analysis

In risk analysis, the author must explore the project and detect potential threats that can lead to revenue reduction. It is necessary to consider financial, industry, natural, social, etc. risks. At the same time, it is necessary to develop a detailed and effective plan for their prevention or minimization of influence on the company. Therefore, in the business plan you need to specify:

• a list of all potential problems;
• a complex of methods and tools warning, liquidating or minimizing risks;
• models of behavior of the company in the event of events that do not contribute to its development;
• justification of the low probability of manifestation of such problems.

Applications

This is the last link in the business plan structure. It includes documents, quotes, sources, copies of contracts, agreements, certificates, consumer letters, partners, statistical data, calculation tables used in compiling this document. Applications in the text of the business plan requires insert links and footnotes.

General requirements for the document

• write a business plan is necessary clear, clear language, without long and complex wording;
• the desired volume is 20-25 villages;
• the business plan should be covered with all the information required by the Investor in full;
• the document must be built on real facts, informed rational proposals;
• the plan is obliged to have a strategic foundation: strict, outlined and completed, with clear target installations;
• interconnectedness, complexity and systematicism are important features of the plan;
• the investor should see the future, the prospects for the development of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe project;
• the flexibility of the business plan is significant plus. If you can make adjustments, amendments to a written project is a pleasant investor bonus;
• conditions and regimens of controlling the functioning of the enterprise should be part of the business plan.

Make a business plan from scratch without the help of a specialist is not easy, but perhaps. It is important to adhere to the above rules, structure of construction and avoid errors.

The most common mistakes

• Illiterate syllable

The rules of the language cannot be neglected. It often happens that the incredible and promising idea is flying to the basket along with a bunch of plans of mediocre hypers. And all because mistakes in spelling, vocabulary, punctuation and poor flow of text completely beat off the desire of any investor.

• Careless decoration

The design must be the same throughout the document: markers, headlines, lists, font, kettle, numbering, interval, etc. Content, headlines, numbering, drawings and table names, data designation on graphs are required!

• Incomplete plan

To properly compile a business plan, you need an exhaustive amount of information. The above sections of the document are a minimum that must be unconditionally included in the project.

• Blurry plan

The work should be "like a pharmacy on the scales." Clear, defined, specific formulations of goals and (important!) Ideas.

• All more details

An abundance of technical, financial, marketing terms will help only in the exams. For a business plan, you need to choose only the most significant details. If there is a great need for a thorough description of any process, then you can take it into the application.

• Unrealistic data

Such business offers are built on assumptions. Therefore, the author must be rationally approaching the idea and have a reasonable attack, the real cause supported by the calculations.

• Little facts

For each assumption - its rationale is real, valid. Facts give the work as meaningfulness and confidence. The fountain of the facts should not be arranged either, and if carried away, then we look at the rule of details.

• "We have no risks!"

The main rule: there is no case without risk. There is no such business in which "quiet, yes smooth." An investor knows this, the author should know. Therefore, it's time to descend from clouds to Earth and study, explore, analyze.

• "And we have no competitors!"

Competitor, like risk, is always. It can be direct or indirect. Carefully and meticulously study this topic, and the opponent will definitely be on the horizon that makes you a handle.

• Disregard

Create a business plan does not mean absolutely doing everything yourself. Moreover, obtaining a qualitative result is possible by joint efforts of several specialists. Do not be afraid assistants!

Without a business plan, no business project is required. This document is a detailed instruction in the opening of a commercial case, where the tasks that need to be decided to decide to achieve the ultimate goal (that is, the receipt of maximum profits), as well as methods and means that the entrepreneur is going to use. Without a business plan, it is impossible not to obtain investments in a commercial project, nor appeal to a bank for a loan for business development. However, even if the entrepreneur does not plan to attract third-party funds, the business plan is still necessary for him - for himself.

Why do this document need, and what is his exclusive importance? A competently compiled business plan, which contains proven information and proven numbers, is the foundation of a commercial project. It will allow in advance to analyze the state of the market and the severity of competition, to predict possible risks and develop ways to minimize them, assess the size of the necessary starting capital and the total amount of investment, as well as the estimated profits - in a word, find out whether to go to the financial risk and invest in this idea .

"Business idea"

The basis of any project is a business idea - that, for what, in fact, everything and conceived. The idea is that service or product that will bring profit to the entrepreneur. The success of the project is almost always determined by the right choice of ideas.

• What idea is successful?

The success of the idea is its potential profitability. So, every time there are directions originally favorable to extract profits. For example, some time ago it was fashionable to import yogurt to the Russian Federation - this product instantly gained popularity among the population, and the number of companies involved in the importation of this popularity grew in this popularity. Fall the project in this area and make a business unprofitable only a completely unlucky and incompetent entrepreneur. Now the idea of \u200b\u200btrading in yoghurts with a huge share of probability will not be successful: the market is already oversaturated by the products of domestic production, the imported goods are unlikely to be favorably adopted by consumers due to high prices and customs difficulties, besides, the main players of this segment have already gained in the market and We set up the channels of supply and sales.

Most entrepreneurs, choosing an idea for profit, think of the categories of most - they say if my friend brings income to my friend, it means that I can establish my business. However, the more "samples for imitation", the greater the level of competition and less the opportunity to dictate their prices. In mass business, approximate prices have already been established, and a newcomer in order to increase their competitiveness and have to set prices below market to attract customers - which, of course, does not contribute to the receipt of great profits.

Potentially highly profitable ideas are now those proposals that help the entrepreneur to take a free market niche - that is, to offer something like that other businessmen have not yet thought. To search for the original business idea, it is sometimes enough to look around and think about what the consumers lack in a specific area. So, the successful idea was the production of mop, which allow you to squeeze a rag without sleeping with hands, or special lamps that cannot be unmounted without the use of special tools - this know-how made it possible to significantly reduce the incidence of light bulbs in the entrances.

Often, original ideas do not even need to be generated independently - it is possible to use new items successfully embodied in other countries or cities, but not yet taken the relevant market niche in your region. Going on this path, you will be the first to offer this know-how to consumers of your region or country, and, it means, you can set prices for this product (service).

However, one originality for a successful business idea is not enough. There are two objective prerequisites for the business to be successful:

1. - The potential buyer is needed in your product or at least understand its utility (for example, a person can not be aware of a certain medicine, but it realizes that something like that can cure his illness);
2. "The buyer is ready to pay for your product or service) It is the price that you plan to request (so, to buy a car almost all are - however, as we know, the car affects not everyone).

And one more remark regarding innovative ideas - excessive originality can only damage the profit, since a potential audience may simply be ready for your suggestion (most of the consumers are conservative and difficult to change their habits with difficulty). The least risky option is to stick to the Golden Mid - that is, to take the market already familiar products or services, but in improved form.

• How to determine what this business idea suits you?

Even a potentially successful business idea may not be such in practice, if it is not suitable for a certain entrepreneur. So, open the beauty salon is relatively easy - but if you do not understand the subtleties of the salon business, then your brainchild is unlikely to bring you a good profit. The business idea must necessarily be supported by the experience of an entrepreneur, his knowledge and, of course, the possibilities. What indicators say that your project will be able to you?

1. - Professionalism. You can have a specialized education in your chosen area, and you can be enthusiastic with the same success. The main thing is that you have an understanding of the manufacturing process and other necessary knowledge in the selected area.
2. - Guidance. You should like what you are going to do and offer. Moreover, not only the final product should be liked, but also the process itself, because you can not give all your strength to the unloved cause, but it means it will be difficult to bring it to a good level. Remember the famous proverb: "Find a deal that you like - and you will not have to work for a single day in life."
3. - Personal features. If you are a closed and unavalious person, feel uncomfortable in society of other people, then it will be difficult for you to negotiate. And if you, for example, are a convinced vegetarian, it makes no sense to consider trade in meat semi-finished products - even if this business can bring good profits, you will still be uncomfortable to deal with it.
4. - What you have (land, real estate, equipment, etc.). The start of any production will be much less expensive if you already have suitable equipment. And if you went to the inheritance, let's say, a private house near the road, then this is a good opportunity to extract profits from roadside trade, because your competitors, if there are no such a good location, and this advantage can even overlap your inexperience.

Competition: how to become special:

As mentioned above, for the application of their business efforts, it is more expedient to choose the areas where competition is non-serious or absent at all. However, in most cases, entrepreneurs somehow have to face competitors, and before businessmen there is a question - how to stand out on their background? This can be done at the expense of the following advantages:

Competitive advantages

Replacing itself to potential consumers, try to immediately reverse their attention to those advantages that distinguish your offer from similar so that buyers see what you can satisfy their needs in the best way. Feel free to let your advantages and do not care about consumers - it is unlikely that they themselves will guess why your product (service) differs from the product (services) of your competitors for the better. Suppose if the recipes are baked by the bread implies the enrichment of the product with vitamins and other useful substances, then be sure to submit this fact to its future buyers. You should not position your bread just like a delicious and fresh product, because your competitors are exactly the same - it is unlikely that someone will sell the tasteless and overdue goods. But vitamins are your competitive advantage, and the buyer must know about it, therefore advertising needs to be thought out accordingly.

So, we disassembled some nuances of preliminary preparation for writing a business plan, and now we can close attention specifically to this document and its main sections.

1. Future sheet.

The title page is the "face" of your business plan. It is his potential investors or employees of the Bank, which make a decision on issuing a loan to develop your business. Therefore, it must be clearly structured and contain all the key information about your project:

1. - the name of the project (for example, "Production of self-controlling Swabr" or "Creation and development of a commercial Internet radio station called" XXX ");
2. - the organizational and legal form of the project and the name of the legal entity (if there are several such persons, then a list is needed indicating the zones of responsibility);
3. - Author and co-authors of the project
4. - Annotation to the project (for example, "This document is a step-by-step plan for the foundation and development of a commercial radio station ...");
5. - the cost of the project (the necessary starting capital)
6. - place and year of creation ("Perm, 2016").

2. Rein.

This item is a brief description of the project's idea, the timing of its implementation, the main goals and objectives for the embodiment of ideas, alleged turnover and production volumes. The forecast of key indicators - the profitability of the project, the timing of its payback, the size of the initial investment, sales, amount of net profit, etc.

Despite the fact that the summary is the first section of the business plan, it is drawn up after this document is fully written and rechecked, since a brief description covers all other partitions of BP. The summary should be concise and extremely logical and fully disclose all the advantages of the project so that investors or a potential lender see that this business idea is really worth investing in it.

3. Market analytics

The section reflects the state of the market in which the project will be implemented, an assessment of the level of competition, the characteristic of the target audience and the development trends. It is very important that the analysis of the market is performed on the basis of a qualitative marketing research, containing real indicators (falsified or inaccurate analysis reduces the value of the business plan to almost zero). If the entrepreneur is not compentant enough in the selected area, then in order to avoid inaccuracies and errors, he should give a marketing research on outsourcing, orders it in a proven marketing agency.

This section usually takes at least 10% of the total business plan. The approximate plan is:

1. - a general description of the selected industry (dynamics, trends and development prospects - with specific mathematical indicators);
2. - characteristics of the main players of the market (i.e. direct and indirect competitors), indicating the competitive advantages and features of your business project compared to other subjects;
3. - Characteristics of the target audience (geographical position, age level, sexuality, income level, type of consumer and user behavior, etc.). Creating a portrait of a "typical client" with the indication of the main motives and values \u200b\u200bthat are guided by choosing a product (services), pessimistic forecasting (that is, the minimum flow) of consumers of goods (services);
4. - Overview of the most efficient channels and ways to promote goods (services);
5. - Review and identifying the most likely risks with which the entrepreneur may face in this market segment and the proposal to eliminate them or minimize (it is necessary to remember that risks are external circumstances and factors that do not depend on the entrepreneur);
6. - Forecast possible changes in this market segment, as well as a review of factors that may affect the profitability of the project.

4. Characteristics of goods (services) and their implementation

This item describes in detail those goods that are going to produce an entrepreneur or the services it is going to implement. Special attention should be drawn to the competitive advantages of a business idea, that is, that this offer from the general manifold will allocate. However, it is not to silent about the shortcomings and weak points of the idea, if any - with investors and creditors it is better to conduct an honest game, besides, they can analyze this item on their own, and in the case of a single-sided description you risk losing their trust, and with it - And hope for financial investments in your idea.

A special attractiveness of the described idea will be given the presence of a patent - if the entrepreneur offers any know-how and has already managed to patent it, then it is necessary to reflect this fact in the document. Patent is both a competitive advantage and reason for greater probability of obtaining loans or investments.

The chapter must necessarily be displayed:

1. - a brief description of the idea;
2. - ways to implement it;
3. - Product life cycle description (services);
4. - percentage of secondary purchases;
5. - the ability to create additional lines of goods or services options, the possibility of segmentation of the proposed product;
6. - Alleged modification of the proposal in accordance with changes in the situation in the market and affecting the profit of factors.

5. Business promotion (marketing and strategic plans)

In this chapter, the entrepreneur describes what way it is going to inform the potential consumer about his product and how it will be this product to promote. Reflected here:

6. Description of the manufacturing process

The production plan is a detailed description of the full algorithm for the production of the product from finding it in the commodity state until the ready-made product turns out to be on shop windows. This plan includes:

1. - a description of the necessary raw materials and the basic requirements for it, as well as suppliers who have you plan to buy this raw material;
2. - reception, processing and preproductive preparation of raw materials;
3. - the technological process itself;
4. - the output of the finished product;
5. - procedure for testing the finished product, its packaging and transfer to the warehouse and subsequent delivery to the buyer.

In addition to the actual description of the production process, this chapter should also reflect:

1. - the characteristics of the equipment used, as well as the premises where the production process will be carried out - with all the necessary standards and requirements;
2. - List of main partners;
3. - the need to attract resources and borrowed funds;
4. - A calendar plan for business development - from the launch of production until the time that the funds invested in the project will start paying off.

7. The structure of the enterprise. Personnel and management.

This chapter describes the internal scheme for the functioning of the business project, that is, an administrative and organizational plan. The chapter can be divided into the following subparagraphs:

1. - organizational and legal form of the enterprise (LLC, IP, etc.);
2. - the internal structure of the enterprise, the distribution of responsibilities between services, the channels of their interaction (it will be better if this subparagraph will be further illustrated by the corresponding schemes);
3. - a staff schedule, a list of duties of each employee, its wages, channels and criteria for which staff will be recruited;
4. - List of personnel policies (advanced training, training, personnel reserve, etc.)
5. - participation in business development events (competitions, conferences, fairs, grants, government programs, etc.).

8. Nighting risks. Methods of minimizing risks.

The purpose of this item is a preliminary assessment of possible negative circumstances affecting the achievement of the desired indicators (income from business, customer flow, etc.) - the basis for this assessment is again a marketing market research. Risks are divided into external (for example, tightening of competition and the emergence of new strong players in this segment, raising rental rates and utilities, natural disasters and emergencies, changes in tax legislation towards increasing rates, etc.) and internal ( What can happen directly inside the enterprise - equipment breakdowns, unfair employees, etc.).

If an entrepreneur has information in advance about what he should be feared on the way of selling and promoting his project, he can think about the ways to neutralize and minimize negative factors in advance. For each risk, a number of alternative strategies should be proposed (a kind of table of activities carried out in emergency cases). Do not hide from investors or creditors. Those or other risks.

Separate attention should be noted such a form of protection as insurance against various risks. If the entrepreneur plans to insure his business, then it is necessary to mention - indicating the selected insurance company, the size of insurance premiums and other parts relating to the case.

9. Range financial streams

Perhaps the most responsible head of the business plan. Because of its importance, it is necessary to entrust her spelling to professionals if the entrepreneur himself does not have financial and economic education. So, many start-ups that have creative ideas, but do not have sufficient financial literacy, in this case they resort to the services of investment companies, which later put their assistant visa on the business plan - this is a kind of guarantee of the reliability of calculations and give the business plan an extra weight In the eyes of investors and lenders.

The financial plan of any business project includes:

1. - Balance of the enterprise;
2. - Calculation of expenses (payroll fund employees, production spending, etc.);
3. - Profit and loss statement, as well as money movement;
4. - the size of the necessary external investment;
5. - Calculation of profit and profitability.

The profitability of the project is a key indicator that has a decisive impact on the decision of investors about investing in this business. Calculations on this topic covers the period from entering the project of starting capital and third-party investments until the project can be considered to be sufficient and starts to bring pure profits.

When calculating profitability, the basic formula R \u003d D * ZCONST / (D - Z) is usually used, where R is a threshold of profitability in monetary terms, D - income, Z - variable costs, and ZCONST are constant costs. However, in long-term calculations, such indicators such as the level of inflation, the costs of updating, deductions to the investment fund, increase the wages of employees of the enterprise, etc. should also be included in the estimated formula. As a way of visualization, again, it is advisable to apply a graph of Ganta, according to which it is convenient to track the level of growing income and output to the break-even point.

10. Normative base

It indicates all the documents that are necessary for legal support of the business - certificates and licenses for goods, permission for certain types of activities, acts, tolerances, etc. - with the description of the conditions and timing of their receipt, as well as the cost. If any documents are already on the hands of an entrepreneur - it is necessary to indicate, and this fact will also be an advantage in the eyes of investors.

11. Proposition

At the end of the business plan, the entrepreneur provides all the calculations, schemes, charts and other auxiliary materials that were used to compile financial forecasts, market analysis, etc., as well as all materials visualizing business plan points and facilitating his perception.

"Basic errors in the preparation of a business plan"

At the end of the article, I would like to say a few words about the most common mistakes that inexperienced entrepreneurs are allowed when drawing up business plans. So, what should be avoided if you do not want to scare away from your project potential investors?

Excessive bloom and volume. A business plan is not homework, where a large size written increases the chances of a good assessment. The approximate volume of the business plan is usually 70-100 sheets.

The complexity of the presentation. If the investor reads your plan will not be able to figure out your idea to read two or three sheets, then there is a high probability that it will postpone the BP to the side.

Lack of necessary explanations. Remember that the investor is not obliged to understand the sphere of the market in which you offer him to invest money (and in most cases he really does not understand it, otherwise I would have launched an independent business). Therefore, you need to concisely introduce the reader to the course of the main details.

Streamlined phrases-characteristics ("huge market", "great prospects", etc.). Remember: Only accurate and verified information and forecasts.

Providing approximate, untested or knowingly false financial indicators. On this topic, we have already focused on the attention above, therefore - no comment.

Successful commercial activity is impossible without a good business plan. Every succeeding entrepreneur is obliged to successfully a competently planned plan of action.

A detailed business plan with calculations will help to avoid mistakes and in the shortest possible time to come to the desired result. In this article, we will look at why you need such an action plan.

What is it and why he need

Business plan is a complete description of your future business. Acting according to the plan, you must succeed and get the highest possible profits.

The business plan contains the following data:

• how much money will need to launch the project;
• what are the main costs and income;
• playback of the project and how interesting it can be interesting for investors.

If you plan to attract additional investments in your project, then without a detailed concept with calculations that show how much the project may be profitable, no investor will decide to entrust your funds to you.

Moreover, a detailed business plan can be interesting to your future employees. Each self-respecting specialist before getting to work, will inquire about the goals and prospects of the company's development.

Of course, most benefits are in itself a business concept for you - entrepreneur. After all, this is exactly what you need to analyze everything, appreciate your strength, familiarize yourself with what you have to wait from your project.

Business Plan Structure

In order not to turn around, the business plan should be the most complete and reflect all the significant aspects of doing business.

Consider from what it consists of:

• brief description of the idea or resume. This section is prescribed a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe project, objectives, conclusions;

• deployed project description. Here you should describe what you will receive income. Product characteristic, which makes it unique, differences from competitors, etc.;

• marketing analysis. This section allows you to assess the market, assume sales, evaluate direct and indirect competitors;

• sales plan. Includes a description of possible advertising campaigns, spending on their implementation, marketing strategy. It is also permissible to include the method of pricing, as well as the distribution of goods;

• production plan. This aspect is considered only when the entrepreneur decides to associate his work with production. The production process is complicated for the description, since the procurement of raw materials, search for suppliers, production costs;

• organizational plan. It is here that there are calculations on how many employees need to organize, positions, organizational scheme of work, description of the interaction of officials;

• financial plan. The most interesting and useful section. So, it contains all the basic information about the financial component of the future business. Expected income and expenses, project financing schedule, indicators of how much the project will be effective, break-even point. It is this section that interests you and investors in the first place;

• risks. The risks of the project can be completely different, ranging from competitors and ending with unscrupulous suppliers. This section is prescribed all possible risks and ways to minimize.

As you can see, a ready-made business plan with calculations is a rather complicated document requiring a professional and complex approach. Of course, you can try to make it yourself. However, just imagine that this will be the first business plan in your life, which will not be able to be 100% accurate and correct.

Most entrepreneurs today go easier, which, however, always ends with success. When creating your case, you can take advantage of the finished product that will be not only high quality and most useful, but also to carry faithful calculations.

Functions

Ready business concept gives an entrepreneur the basis for doing business. It is not compiled by himself, that is, it does not carry a subjective color. Already a ready-made business plan at a certain direction can be taken as the basis for an entrepreneur for further refinement.

A ready-made business plan with calculations can be used for any type of business, be it production, agriculture or catering. A ready-made business plan, compiled by experts, performs several important functions in the organization, the main of which, of course, is a strategic function.

Only a specialist who knows all the flows and directions of the market is able to draw up a strategy for the organization. The definition of the course and directions of their actions is the basis for the success of any case.

In addition to the strategic, business concept performs the following functions:

• planning activities. Related to the strategic function, but awarded more to assess the development of the organization. Management of business processes within the company, as well as the gradual discovery of new directions also enters this function;

• investment. It is impossible to deny the role of investment in the life of any self-respecting company. In order to get success and come to maximum profits at the initial stage, investments are required. Attract investors or bank loans - to solve the entrepreneur. However, in any case, when attracting a source of financing, a ready-made business plan will be required.

So, a business plan with calculations provides a full-fledged idea of \u200b\u200bthe organization, including the analysis of its activities, its position in the market, advantages over competitors. Moreover, it defines the company's marketing strategy, as well as the organizational structure.

Advantages of using a ready-made solution

For a beginner in doing business, the plan for the development of its case is what helps not to get off the way and not to figure it out. The plan is filled not only by advice, but also ideas, as well as ways of their incarnation.

The finished business plan will appreciate the advanced entrepreneurs who know that the optimal solution in any matter is to transfer the issue to the hands of a specialist, and not to take for its implementation.

For a beginner, a ready-made solution contains maximum useful information, including recommendations for the choice of property form and taxation system.

As a rule, ready-made unified business plans contain recommendations that are suitable for almost any company. Moreover, it includes and calculations, including the financial forecast.

In addition, the Finished Business Plan contains information on the costs associated with taxation and contributions to extrabudgetary funds, as well as advice on how to optimize the process of tax deductions and fees in the company.

The wider the business plan covers the activities of the organization, the better. After all, it is precisely from the details of the presentation, how much it contributes to the effectiveness and profitability of the activities of the entrepreneur.

In no case can not be saved on the purchase of a ready-made solution, because Buying a ready-made business plan with small business calculations is an investment in your future successful project.

Properly prepared business plan is the chief assistant entrepreneur, without which a successful businessman is definitely not to do. Opportunities, problems, ways to solve them, financial indicators - all this contains a business plan, which is compiled by specialists of his case, will lead the entrepreneur to success.

I know a lot about business planning. Planned and opened 3 family enterprises. A composed 4 business plan for grants and one subsidy from the employment center. He helped multiple friends to formulate their ideas, edited dozens of documents for customers, studied hundreds of materials from applicants - businessmen applying for a loan.

Two years I worked in a credit institution financing business. Beginners and experienced entrepreneurs submitted an application for funds, and we evaluated the prospects and payback of ideas, constituted a business plan or corrected the existing calculations of the client. The applicant information was presented at a meeting of the Credit Committee, where collectively decide to issue the requested amount or refusal.

To convince all credit experts to vote "for" financing, it was necessary to disassemble all possible risks of the project and find solutions for any situation, protect the creditor money from all parties, to provide for waste options if everything goes on a negative scenario.

Discussion of business projects on the loan committee was built as follows:

- And what if it is divided with his wife, who will sell in his store, because she is now behind the counter?

- Returns the second seller. By the way, according to the loan, the wife acts as a guarantor, so she will take on the divorce half of the debt.

- What will be with the debt when "not the season" comes for sales?

- In the offseason in the graph, I propose to reduce monthly payments so that the client "pulled" this amount during the decline period.

- And if the warehouse is robbed?

- Warehouse under guard, but we still insure commodity reserves - this insurance company pays compensation for a couple of weeks without pick-up and delays, so the client will quickly restore losses and can order a new batch of goods.

Become such a strict commission for your own project and go through all weak business places to find a plan B and in any development of the situation. Arrange the discussion of the idea and brainstorming with friends. It is better to find possible problems and think about their decisions on paper before the opening of the company, the later risk and carry extra expenses.

Full of everyday situations can turn into a microbusiness catastrophe and problems for a large enterprise. Consider this when planning, then suddenly do not leave in minus.

My experience will help you draw up a business plan and get financing under it. It can be used when contacting private investors, a bank loan request, or to obtain a grant for novice entrepreneurs from the local administration.

On the example of his new family-owned enterprise - a small blacksmith workshop - I will show how to create a business plan to attract funds from the budget.

Business plan - a document comprehensively describing the idea, project, work and results of such work. He takes into account everything - from the calendar plan for the launch and recruitment of personnel to different scripts of development and payback period. In the full version of the document, possible risks and options for their minimization are listed.

What is the difference from TEO?

TEO is a feasibility study of the project launch. Calculations concern only the necessary investments, the upcoming costs, expected income, payback period. It calculates the financial benefit from the planned events. TEO can be made when a separate question is solved, for example, about transferring accounting.

A business plan compared to the TEO covers a wider range of issues, including the promotion and marketing of the project, organizational measures, risk assessment. The social component of the startup is also considered here. A business plan is a more comprehensive document, it is needed when opening a restaurant or shop.

Why do you need a business plan

The business plan shows the seriousness of the intentions of the entrepreneur and the depth of his immersion in the topic. It is necessary for himself to understand what is waiting in the process, how to avoid problems and make a profit.

But the most important thing is this document when attracting funds. Without a business plan, an investor, a credit specialist or an administrative officer will not discuss the possibility of issuing borrowed or budget funds.

Let's go back to our kuznice. A business plan for us with my husband is needed for internal use - to understand what the cost of launching will be needed, how much and what will have to be purchased, what and how to arrange for legal work, what income is possible to produce and how to sell.

But another goal is to compile BP - handling a grant. At the level of the districts, budget funds are distributed to support beginner entrepreneurs. It is possible to get up to 300,000 rubles for free when passing competitive selection, during which the Commission estimates the business plan and its indicators. To get around competitors and get, you need to make this document correctly and competently present your project.

Internal - to make management decisions. Such a document needs a businessman for himself, for partners, for employees.

External - to attract financing and state support, investor search. It is constituted for communicating with banks, appeals to the district / city administration for a grant or subsidy, negotiations with possible partners.

Objectives that solve different business plans are distinguished. It is impossible to make one document and to go with it for a loan, and for budget support, and in search of a private investor.

1. Money from the budget

Business Plan Tasks when attracting budgetary funds:

• Demonstrate your vision of the project, convince officials that distribute funds that you understand the selected area and understand where to start. They do not care how and what you will do during the work, the main thing is that your business laster at least 3-5 years. As much as they track the fate of support recipients.
• Choose a priority direction of development: do and sell what the market needs, to deal with those services that are missing in the area, satisfy the demand of different categories of the population. This is important again to improve statistics in the area so that the authorities can report that the consumer market is developing.
• Confirm the social significance of the project: the creation of jobs and employment of unemployed, youth, people with disabilities, large parents - the more workers need to business, the better. The number of new jobs is one of the criteria for evaluating the project.
• Calculate the budgetary business efficiency - the amount of tax and non-tax revenues, including insurance premiums for employees and personal income tax, the more you plan to pay the state, the higher the probability of grant. Ideally, these receipts must recoup the costs of giving you a grant in a couple of years, and then overlap them.

Consider all these moments when making a business plan to properly arrange accents.

All indicators of the business plan and forecasts will be checked after the issuance of budget funds - once a quarter, half a year or year the commission will go to the place and request financial documentation and reporting, to check the indicators with the planned. If you do not hire employees or begin to deliver products to local stores, as promised, you can make you return money, since you have not fulfilled obligations under the contract. Therefore, on paper, do not overestimate the numbers and do not embellish anything, approach the planning more realistic.

2. Bank loan

If you decide to apply for money to the bank, the business plan for a loan will perform other tasks:

• Prove the understanding of the project by the entrepreneur himself, give a calendar plan that will help make a debt repayment schedule.
• Calculate the magnitude of income and expenses, taking into account mandatory payments to repay a loan.
• List the risks of non-repayment of the loan and offer possible ways to minimize them - guarantee, insurance, security deposit.

You need a creditor so that the client will be released on the planned income and was able to fulfill its obligations without delays and failures, even with PE. In a business plan for the bank, it is necessary to make focus on this. The number of jobs created or the amount of paid taxes does not care, is more important - the financial stability of the borrower.

3. Investor funds

For the investor, the financial component of the project is also important, he needs information about the profitability and the payback period of investments. By investing your money, he must understand how quickly will receive some results - a refund, part of the profit.

The business plan should immediately provide for the distribution options for profits between investors, providing them with a share in the company, the degree of involvement in the work.

4. Internal resources

A business plan "For yourself" can perform any tasks and contain a wide variety of information about the future or current enterprise. With it, it is possible to prepare a report for leadership and shareholders with calculations and arguments in favor of expanding the production, opening a new outlet, entering the market of another region, the development of the goods line.

In such a document, you can deepen in the details, paint all the nuances and take into account not only financial issues, but also organizational work, marketing policies, production points.

The universal business plan does not happen, you should always understand what and for whom it is intended and already considering this to compose it.

• To obtain a grant, the forge business plan must tell more about the fact that she will give the area what benefits will receive a budget from her opening.
• So, be sure to point out that the nearest forge is located in another area of \u200b\u200bthe region for 200 km from here, so the opening of a new enterprise will allow local residents to be available. And it will be suitable for household needs and satisfy the requests of all categories of the population - a hardware tool, interior items, furniture.
• It is necessary to emphasize that in the first year the entrepreneur-blacksmith will be employed, and in the second year it is planned to hire another employee to assistants. So 2 jobs will be created.
• It is also worth calculating in detail how much insurance premiums will pay a self-employed entrepreneur, and how many employees next year.
• The salary of the employee must exceed the average level of salary in the relevant industry in the region. So, in the Novgorod region, statistics says that employees of the production sphere receive an average of 32,000 rubles. Payments an employee during calculations must be indicated at least this amount.
• This will need to be mentioned in a brief description of the project - that part of the business plan, which all members of the Competition Commission will read and carefully will be examined.
• If we went to the bank for a loan, then the stop would have done on other details - the payback, stable income, profitability, which makes it possible to repay the requested amount with interest.

Basic sections of a business plan

Any business plan should contain a comprehensive project description in order not to miss important information. The main sections can be called differently, be combined or divided into additional subsections, but their content must be in the document.

Which sections include a business plan

Detailed content of business plan sections

What to write in the main points of this document to make a complete picture of the company's development?

Business description

date of creation, official registration of IP or legal entity.

Distribution of share In the company between partners, co-founders, investors.

Businessman's experience Prior to this - education, experience as a hired employee. It is not necessary to indicate all the work biography and apply diplomas if only this directly relates to a new project. So, when a businessman planning to open a cafe, for several years worked for several years as a manager in the catering, it will be his plus. If he graduated from the university in the specialty "in the restaurant business, then this is another score in the piggy bank of his experience. And if he twisted the nuts in the car service all his life, he learned on the vet and here suddenly swung at the opening of the bar - information about education and experience will be superfluous.

Place of registration, business area. You need to specify not only the address, but in general, the coverage of the territory.

Goals and objectives of the project. Here you need to describe the scope of activity, and still measurable results - open 1 cafe for 30 seats, sell 500 kg of baking daily, etc.

I will show how to describe the business in the business plan, on the example of the forge. In the "Project Description" section there will be such information:

• Date of registration of IP - May 2018.
• Business - the entrepreneur will conduct independently, without attracting partners. The employee will be hired in the spring of 2019.
• The entrepreneur was engaged in a forging in his domestic workshop. In the spring of 2018, he took off the room for a blacksmith in the manufacturing territory, equipped him and continued his work.
• At the end of 2017, a three-month course "Manual art forging" was held at the Academy of Work with Metal (St. Petersburg) and received the qualifications of "Kuznets" (a copy of the Education Certificate is attached).
• The goal of the project is the opening of the forge on the territory of the N-district for the production and sale of forged products.
• By 2019, it is planned to produce products to 250,000 rubles monthly.

Sales Market Assessment. It is necessary to estimate the capacity of the market, population, the number of potential customers. It is quite difficult to do this without full-fledged marketing research. Therefore, it is worth searching for the finished results of such an assessment for your region. In the extreme case, you can projected solvent demand.

The main thing is to formulate tasks for sales: whether you will only work within the microdistrict, open out the outlets throughout the city, take the products to implement all over the area or you will be supplied.

How exactly are you planning to reach your Central Asia, as you choose the appropriate promotion channels, you will describe in detail in the "Marketing Plan" section, now indicate only the direction.

Competitors. Make a list of your competitors who are already working in this market.

Not only direct competitors offering similar goods and services, but also those companies that produce replacing products provide alternative services. If there is no specialized tea boutique in your city, it does not mean that the market is clean from competitors: you will have to fight for customers with those universal shops and supermarkets, which also traded in various tea varieties.

• There are no other Kuznetsov who are engaged in artistic forging on the territory of the district center and neighboring regions. The nearest company that implements such handmade products is at a distance of 250 km (in the Regional Center).
• Stuffed goods and a chart tool of factory production - kochergi, rave, machete, axes, accessories - offered in 6 business stores, but consolates complain about their low quality, and the monitoring of goods has shown that such goods serve not long. Handmade wrought iron products are more durable, and the local blacksmith can compete with factory suppliers, guaranteeing not only high quality, but also sharpening the instrument, its repair, production with the desired size under the order. Forged decorative elements of the interior and household products - door handles, hooks for wickets and a loop for gates, hangers and hooks for clothes - found in stores rarely, mostly sell plastic products. Forged garden furniture - benches, gazebos, lights, tables - do not sell in the area.
• These products use sustainable demand among the local population. The products of manual art forging are buying not only rural residents for their village houses, but also dackets, owners of tourist bases and country cafes.
• The forge will supply goods to the market of the N-district, enter into contracts with shops for the supply of products for sale, participate in the fairs of Crafts of St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Production plan

Business processes. Write a list of equipment, tools, raw materials and materials that are required to create a selected product range and provision of services. Calculate the optimal production volumes with which your equipment can cope. Specify which employees and with which download you will need.

Products. List products, services and works that will offer customers. Calculations on the cost of organizing business processes will allow to find out the cost of the cost and make a price list.

Starting attachments. Count how much money will be needed to start the project. Summarize the cost of all assets, fixed assets, repair, materials and other costs that will be required to start production.

For example, this section may look like this:

• For the work of the forge, it is necessary to equip the room with ventilation, mountain, anvil with hammer, vice, table for cutting metal, paint chamber for processing finished products heat-resistant paint, anti-fruner and other coatings. All this is already done by the owner's own.
• Enhance the efficiency of work and performance The following equipment and tools: Grinder for sharpening blades (40 000 rub.), Bulgarian for cutting metal (5 000 rub.), Grinding for forging forged products (10 000 rub.), Welding machine (20 000 rubles) .), Mechanical hammer (from 150,000 rubles). Total cost of equipment of the forge - 225,000 rubles.
• In the manufacture of products, metal is used - profile, leaf iron, fittings, wire. Purchased raw materials in small wholesale on metal supplies in the neighboring area, delivery is carried out by transport supplier. The cost of the batch of raw materials and materials, taking into account delivery - 10 000 rubles. A month, taking into account the download and volume of work, there may be 2-4 batch.
• For forging, coal and gas in the balonnas are required. Combined Mountain allows you to process metal, warming it with coal or gas. The consumption of these fuels on average per month is 1,500 rubles and 2,000 rubles, respectively.
• Ventilation supply-exhaust, electric. Used to maintain the desired temperature in the mountain and removal of combustion products from the room. Electricity consumption is taken into account by a separate meter in the forge and per month reaches the amount of 2 500 rubles.
• During the first 9-10 months, the blacksmith will work alone, then it will be necessary to hire an employee to assistants.
• The forge is located on the territory of the joinery shop, so there will be no problems with the manufacture of mixed products from wood with forged elements.
• Product List: Benches, Tables, Bar Chairs, Stands for Flowers, Fireplace Sets (Kocherga, Scoop, Stand for them), Outdoor hangers and Wall-mounted, Hooks for clothing, Pads and loops for wickets and gates, door handles and for cabinets, lamps , Stands on the kitchen under hot or under cutting boards, sickles, machete, dries, knives.
• The forge is already working, but not in full force. Grant funds are needed to purchase additional equipment. Replenishment of current costs of payment of current expenses will be made in your own account.

Organizational plan

Organizational and legal form. Is it suitable for the implementation of the selected IP or LLC project, or some other form of organization. What is justified the choice. What taxation system is chosen why it suits.

Distribution of the roles of founders. If there are several partners, their role is described in the management and work of the Company. What they will do, for what to respond.

Staff. What employees need to be hired to the staff, whom to attract temporarily, what functions can be conveyed to outsourcing or deny yourself.

Calculations with counterparties. As planned to receive money from customers, whether you need to open, buy online cash regards or there are options somehow carry out calculations.

Calendar project plan. What and when to do, what questions to solve immediately, what - later. It is advisable to calculate the cost of each stage to visually show when and in what amount it takes funding.

• For the forge of a self-leaning blacksmith, it is enough to be an individual entrepreneur. This simplifies accounting and reporting. The accounting department itself leads, using the relevant online services provided to him by the Bank.
• For calculations with customers and suppliers, the current account is used, cashier will be purchased, although the goods can be sold at the fairs and without it. When buying a cash register will be used special deduction.
• After hiring an employee, it will be necessary to register in extrabudgetary funds as an employer, before that, in extra-budgetary funds, it suffices to regularly pay insurance premiums.
• Activities are already underway. Upon receipt of the grant, equipment will be purchased, which will increase production volumes.
• When issuing budget funds in July, all necessary equipment on the list (by 225,000 rubles) will be purchased within a month (by 225,000 rubles), already since August, the forge performance will increase several times. Hiring an employee is planned in the spring of next year - in March-April, before that the blacksmith will work independently.

This section is dedicated to channels and ways to promote, necessary actions for sales growth, advertising costs.

Channels Promotion. Ads in newspapers, rollers on radio and TV, Internet advertising, the creation of your own website and group in social networks, advertising in local publics and forums, participation in exhibition fairs.

The target audience. Who are oriented with the organization of sales. Who is your client - by age, sex, classes, income level. Where to find it and how to contact him.

Cost of promotion. How much will the search and attraction of CA. How often will you have to run advertising, what options it is advisable to choose.

In our example of a business plan, this section will look like this:

Financial indicators

It is necessary to calculate the cost of products, planned sales volumes, necessary costs, predicted income and profits, project profitability. If products are many and different, it is not necessary to bring all calculations in the business plan, they can be taken into a separate application, and all indicators of calculating on the basis of the average value of the cost. Show your own contribution to the project, the need for attracted means. If necessary, return the loan - an approximate repayment schedule. When paying an investor - the calculation of his profit share.

Risk assessment

External factors. PE and natural disasters, negative impact of local authorities, a new competitor, a change in the economic situation and the fall in income of the population.

Internal factors. Improper assessment of sales market, delays with supplies, personnel problems, production errors, challenges with rental, accident accident.

Risk minimization options. Insurance of life, health, property, responsibility to third parties. The ability to reduce prices, change the range, go to other products, change the circle of potential customers, expand the market for sales and find new buyers outside the district, region or country. Agreements with partners and counterparties, good personal relationships with the authorities, a large number of qualified workers in the market, which are in search of work, etc.

It will look like this will look like a part of the risks for the forge:

• At first, the forge's income will fully depend on the owner itself. Health problems or injuries will adversely affect the amount of work and profits. PE in production can be prevented by compliance with safety. Then it is planned to hire an employee who will remove the increased burden from the blacksmith itself.
• Fire, accidents, equipment breakdowns, natural disasters - damage from these accidents will cover property insurance, which will be issued for rented premises, equipment and tools in the blacksmith at their market value. The forge has already passed the fire inspection, there were representatives of the energy company, they checked the wiring, hood on mountain, ventilation and fire alarm. The comments were, but all the shortcomings were immediately eliminated. The room itself with a separate entrance is located in a brick building and meets the general requirements for the safety of production.
• When problems with rent, you can quickly carry the forge to another place - suitable empty manufacturing areas in the area enough, the equipment is easy to dismantle and can be installed elsewhere within 1-2 days.
• With low demand for products and small trade turnover, the sales market will be expanded, an agreement was obtained for the supply of products for the implementation of the sales stores in other areas of the region, the most demanded goods were selected, a range of assortment policies were revised. It is not necessary to change the equipment or rebuild work at the same time - it is enough to buy other raw materials and materials for the production of other products, such as forged fences, lattices on windows, gates and gates, input groups and visors above the porch.
• If another competitor appears on the market, the entrepreneur will choose the most profitable niche and will produce products that the new market participant will not be replaced, or will change the sales strategy and will supply ready-made products to other markets.

Summary of the project

In this section, the most important thing is assembled: the essence of the project, the necessary investments, results after the launch, development prospects, possible risks and methods to reduce them. The remaining sections with details will be read only if the business plan resume interests the investor, creditor, official. Therefore, remember again, what is the purpose of your project and specify important indicators that meet this goal. Repeat that you will produce how much you plan to receive income, what expenses will need how much money is investing yourself, and how much - you need to attract.

Typical errors in drawing up a business plan

• Very optimistic. Insufficient market knowledge. Lack of adequate risk assessment.
• Copying other people's calculations. Using data without reference to reality and to business specifics.
• Excluding goal and addressee. Lack of important indicators. Many unnecessary information and "water".
• Bad decoration, illiterate feed information, negligence in the calculations. Tangled presentation and lack of a clear structure.

How to get money under a business plan

Explore registration requirements

When contacting a bank or bodies of municipal authorities to attract funding, request the rules for submitting the application. Often this is a simple and understandable list of necessary documents, as well as a list of requirements for the content and design of the business plan. Sometimes even the template of this document with already specified sections and subsections is given. Wherever you can only enter your information. There are also wishes for its volume, a list of questions for analyzing the project, a list of important indicators you need to calculate.