Proverbs and sayings who. Folk proverbs and sayings for children

They were discovered by archaeologists in Egypt. Unique examples of clay tablets with aphorisms date back to about 2500 BC. Another significant source of catchphrases is, of course, the Bible. Its Old Testament part calls King Solomon, who lived in the 10th century BC, the author of 900 proverbs.

The wise sayings of contemporaries were collected and systematized by the Greek philosophers and cultural figures Aristotle, Zinovy, Plutarch, Aristophanes. The popularity of proverbs and sayings Aristotle explained by their brevity and accuracy.

In 1500, the Dutch scientist and Erasmus of Rotterdam published the result of a long study of ancient Greek and Roman history. The multi-page work "Proverbs". In it, Erasmus included more than 3000 Roman and Greek catchphrases, adapted by him for understanding. The most educated representatives of European society became interested in the book. It was translated into national languages ​​and studied in educational institutions. So, the sayings of the Ancient world penetrated into the culture of the peoples of Europe. This explains the presence of figurative expressions that are similar in meaning in different languages.

In Russia, the first proverbs were recorded in the chronicles and literary texts of the 12th-13th centuries: "The Tale of Bygone Years", "The Tale of Igor's Host", "The Prayer of Daniel the Zatochnik", etc. With short sayings, the Russian people expressed devotion to the Motherland, readiness to defeat all enemies of Russia and confidence in an early victory. So, the author of the "Tale of Bygone Years" cites the saying "Perished, aki obre", which means "Perished like cliffs." This expression was born after the expulsion of the Obrov nomad tribe from their lands by the Slavic peoples. A proverb that emerged at the end of the 8th century helped the chronicler to figuratively convey his thoughts about the fate of all the invaders of the Russian land.

At the end of the 17th century, an unknown author compiled a collection of "Stories, or Proverbs of the World in Alphabet". The book contains more than 2500 catch phrases. On the pages of the collection you can find expressions familiar even to modern Russians. So, since the time of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, which was painful for Russia, the saying "Empty, how Mamai passed" is known.

Some aphorisms entered the national language from ancient fairy tales and legends, for example: "The beaten unbeaten is lucky." But most of the proverbs reflect the customs and everyday worries of ordinary people: "You cannot easily catch a fish from a pond", "He who saves money lives without need", "Augustus the father with care and work of a peasant", etc.

Russian writers of the 19th century significantly enriched the national vocabulary. From the fables, poems and poems of A.S. Pushkin, A.S. Griboyedov, I.A. Krylov, the people transferred many short sayings into everyday speech. Over time, literary sayings almost completely merged with folk art: "Happy hours are not observed," "All ages are submissive to love," "And Vaska listens, but eats," etc.

The Russian philologist Vladimir Dal was engaged in a detailed study of folk sayings in the 30-50s of the 19th century. Until now, his collection "Proverbs of the Russian people" is considered the most complete. Dahl put 30 thousand expressions in the book, dividing them into several thematic parts.

Of course, the set of proverbs and sayings used in everyday life changes from time to time. Obsolete in meaning or form of expressions give way to more modern ones. In addition, new objects, phenomena, situations and relationships appear. Folk wisdom fixes social changes in the form of topical sayings: "If you can't return the loan, there will be a bit of mug", "Our people don't take a taxi to the bakery."

PROVIDER DOES NOT SPEAK

BUSINESS BEFORE PLEASURE.
A handwritten postscript of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1629 - 1676) to the collection of rules for falconry, a favorite pastime of that time. It is usually said as a reminder to a person who, having fun, forgets about business.

TWO DEATH DO NOT HAVE, BUT ONE CANNOT PASS.
The inevitable will happen anyway, whether you risk it or not. It speaks of the determination to do something connected with risk, danger, and at the same time with the hope that the danger will still be avoided.

FIRST PANCAKE KOMOM.
It often happens that the hostess does not succeed in the first pancake (it is poorly removed from the pan, it burns), but the hostess uses it to determine whether the dough is well kneaded, whether the pan is warmed up, whether it is necessary to add oil. It is said to justify the unsuccessful start of a new, difficult business.
FUCK TWO HARES - YOU WILL NOT CAPTURE ANYONE.
It is said when someone takes on several (as a rule, profitable for themselves) cases at once and therefore cannot do a single one well or complete them.

GRANDMA SAID FOR TWO.
In two (simple) - indefinitely, with the ability to understand one way or another. It is not known whether what is supposed to come true; it remains to be seen how it will be: one way or another. They say when they doubt the implementation of what they suggest.

FOR ONE BIT TWO UNBIDDEN GIVE.
They say when they understand that punishment for mistakes is beneficial to a person, because this is how he gains experience.

AN OLD FRIEND IS BETTER THAN TWO NEW ONES.
It is said when they want to emphasize the loyalty, devotion and irreplaceability of an old friend.

ONE HEAD IT'S GOOD, BUT TWO BETTER.
It is said when, when solving a problem, they turn to someone for advice, when they decide a case together

LOST IN TWO PINE.
Not being able to figure out something simple, uncomplicated, not being able to find a way out of the simplest difficulty.

FROM A POT THREE TOP.
Very short, short, small.

WITH THREE BOXES PROMISED.
A lot (say, promise, lie, etc.).

THE PROMISED THREE YEARS ARE WAITING.
They speak jokingly when they do not believe in the speedy fulfillment of promises by someone, or when the fulfillment of what is promised is delayed indefinitely.

CRY IN THREE STREAMS.
That is, it is very bitter to cry.

FIFTH WHEEL IN THE CART.
Superfluous, unnecessary person in any business.

SEVEN ONE DOESN'T EXPECT.
So they say when they start some business without someone who is late, or with a reproach to someone who makes many (not necessarily seven) wait for themselves.

SEVEN TROUBLES - ONE ANSWER.
Let's risk it again, and if we have to answer - so for everything at once, at the same time. It is about the determination to do something more risky, dangerous in addition to what has already been done.

SEVEN TIMES MEASURE CUT ONCE.
Before you do anything serious, think it over carefully, foresee everything. It is said as an advice to consider all possible options for action before starting any business.

TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH.
Eyeless (outdated) - unattended, unsupervised. The business is done poorly, unsatisfactorily, when several people are responsible for it at once. It is said when several people (or even organizations) responsible for the case rely on each other and each individually treats his duties in bad faith.

EVERYTHING TRYN - GRASS.
The mysterious "tryn-herb" is not at all some herbal medicine that is drunk so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. It turned out "podzabornaya grass", that is, an unnecessary, indifferent weed to everyone.

INSERT ON THE FIRST NUMBER.
Believe it or not, in the old school, students were flogged every week, regardless of who is right or who is wrong. And if the "mentor" overdoes it, then such a flogging was enough for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

GOAL AS A FALCON.
Terribly poor, beggar. Usually they think that we are talking about a falcon bird. But it has nothing to do with it. In fact, the "falcon" is an ancient military battering weapon. It was a perfectly smooth ("naked") cast iron bar, attached to chains. Nothing extra!

ORPHAN KAZAN.
So they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why the orphan is "Kazan"? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. Mirza (Tatar princes), being subjects of the Russian tsar, tried to beg him all sorts of indulgences, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

INSIDE OUT.
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. In the days of Ivan the Terrible, the guilty boyar was put backwards on a horse in clothes turned inside out and in this form, disgraced, they were driven around the city under the whistle and ridicule of the street crowd.

DRIVE BY THE NOSE.
Cheat by promising and not fulfilling the promise. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. The gypsies used to lead the bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, poor fellows, to do different tricks, deceiving with the promise of handouts.

SCAPEGOAT.
This is the name of a person on whom someone else is blamed. The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of a living goat, thereby, as it were, shifting the sins of the entire people onto it. After that, the goat was driven into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the rite no longer exists, but the expression still lives on.

TO HARNESS LYAS.
Balusters (balusters) are chiseled curly posts of the railing at the porch. Only a true master could make such beauty. Probably, at first, "sharpening balusters" meant conducting an elegant, bizarre, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But by our time there were fewer and fewer skilled craftsmen to conduct such a conversation. So this expression began to denote idle chatter.

GRIND ROLL.
In the old days there really was such a kind of bread - "grated kalach". The dough for him was crushed, kneaded, "rubbed" for a very long time, which made the roll unusually lush. And there was also a proverb - "do not rub, do not mint, there will be no roll." That is, a person is taught by trials and troubles. The expression came from this proverb.

NICK DOWN.
If you think about it, the meaning of this expression seems cruel - you must admit that it is not too pleasant to imagine an ax next to your own nose. In fact, everything is not so sad. In this expression, the word "nose" has nothing to do with the organ of smell. "Nose" was the name of the plaque or note tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried with them such boards and sticks, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notches were made for memory.

AFTER THE RAIN ON THURSDAY.
The Rusichi - the most ancient ancestors of the Russians - honored among their gods the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week was dedicated to him - Thursday (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Perun offered prayers for rain in a drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on "his day" - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying "After the rain on Thursday" began to be applied to everything that does not know when it will be fulfilled.

BREAK A LEG.
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct desire (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. A feather in the language of hunters means a bird, down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter setting out on a hunt received this parting word, the "translation" of which looks something like this: "Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you placed remain empty, just like the trapping pit!" To which the earner, in order not to jinx him too, replied: "To hell!" And both were sure that the evil spirits who were invisibly present during this dialogue would be satisfied and lag behind, and would not intrigue during the hunt.

BEAT THE EGGLETS.
What are "thumps", who and when "beats" them? For a long time, artisans have made spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To cut out a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a piece of wood from a log - a thumbs-up. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing thumbs: it was an easy, trifling matter that did not require special skill. Cooking such chocks was called "beat the thumbs." From here, from the mockery of the foremen at the auxiliary workers - "baklushechniki", our proverb began.

RUB GLASSES.
How can glasses be rubbed in? Where and why? Such a picture would look very ridiculous. And the absurdity happens because we are not talking about glasses, which serve to correct vision. There is another meaning of the word "glasses": red and black signs on playing cards. There is even a gambling game of chance, the so-called "point". Since the existence of cards, there have been dishonest gamblers and cheaters in the world. They, in order to deceive a partner, indulged in all sorts of tricks. They were able, by the way, to imperceptibly "rub glasses" - to turn a seven into a six or a four into a five, on the move, during the game, pasting a "point" or covering it with a special white powder. And the expression "rubbing glasses" began to mean "cheating", hence other words were born: "eyewash", "eyewash" - a dodger who knows how to embellish his work, pass the bad off as very good.

ON THE ANGRY (offended) WATER TAKES.
This saying can be said to a person who is angry and angry in vain. The roots of the sayings come from old colloquial speech. Then the word "angry" meant diligent, zealous, diligent. It was these diligent and diligent horses that were chosen for hard work - they carried water in barrels from the river. Thus, the most "angry" (that is, the diligent) got the most thankless hard work.

THE WORD IS NOT A SPARROW - YOU CAN'T FLY OUT.
The proverb teaches - before you say anything, you need to think carefully. After all, it's easy to say a word, but no matter how you have to regret what you said ...

FEAR HAS BIG EYES...
A person seized with fear and frightened very often exaggerates the danger and sees it where it really is not.

THE MOUNTAIN GIVEN A MOUSE.
The ancient Greek legend about the pregnant Mount Olympus is considered the primary source of this proverb. God Zeus, fearing that the birth of this mountain would cause major upheavals in the camp of the gods, made it so that the mountain ... gave birth to a mouse. The proverb "The mountain gave birth to a mouse" is used in a situation where significant and gigantic efforts ultimately bring an insignificant result.

CARE HONOR WITH YOUNG.
Young, adv. - from a young age, from a young age. Advice to young people from their youth to cherish their honor, good name (as well as to save clothes again, that is, while they are new). It is said as a parting word to a young man in the beginning of his life path.

WITHOUT WORK YOU CAN'T CARRY OUT (you cannot pull out) A FISH FROM A POND.
Any business requires effort; no effort can be done without effort. It is said when it takes a lot of work, hard work to get some result.

DO NOT COUNT YOUR CHICKENS BEFORE THEY ARE HATCHED.
In the fall (simple) - in the fall. Not all chickens born in summer survive on peasant farms until autumn. Someone will be carried away by birds of prey, the weak simply will not survive, and therefore they say that it is necessary to count chickens in the fall, when it is clear how many of them survived. You have to judge something by the end results. It is said when someone prematurely expresses joy at a possible success, although the final results are still far away and much can change.

SMALL SPOOL BUT PRECIOUS.
The spool is an old Russian weight measure equal to 4.26 grams. It fell out of use after 1917, when a metric system of measures was introduced in the country, which is based on the meter (measure of length) and kilogram (measure of weight). Prior to this, the main weights were poods (16 kg) and pounds (400 g), which had 96 spools. The spool was the smallest measure of weight and was used mainly for weighing gold and silver. Yes, it does. union - but, however. Roads - cr. form m. r. from dear. Small in size, but valuable in its qualities. It is about someone who is small in stature, but has many advantages, positive qualities, as well as something small in size, but very important in essence.

HERE, GRANDMA, AND YURIEV'S DAY.
The proverb reflects one of the episodes in the history of the Russian people associated with the enslavement of the peasants. The emergence of serfdom, that is, the legally enshrined right of the landowner (feudal lord) to the person, forced labor and property of the peasant, dates back to the time of Kievan Rus (IX-XII centuries). The peasants, although they were considered free (free), did not have the right to move from one owner to another within a year: the custom demanded that they leave only after the end of all field work, at the beginning of winter, when the bread had already been harvested. In the middle of the 15th century, peasants were allowed to move from one owner to another once a year - a week before St. George's day and a week after him (St. George's Day, i.e. St. George's Day, in Russian Yuri, the patron saint of farmers, was celebrated November 26, old style, chronology). At the end of the 16th century, the transition of peasants on St. George's Day was also prohibited. Thus, the peasants were attached to the land and had to stay with their landowner for life. The peasants, who were waiting for St. George's Day as the only opportunity to change their owners and try to improve their lives, had their last hope of changing their position taken away. This is how a saying arose that expresses regret about unfulfilled hopes.
They say when they want to express extreme surprise or grief at something unexpectedly happened, what they just learned and what took away hope, deceived expectations.

WHERE OUR DIDN'T LOST or WHERE OUR DIDN'T LOST.
Let's take a chance and try to do it. It says in a desperate determination to do something by taking risks.

THE EYES ARE AFRAID (afraid), AND THE HANDS DO.
When you start a big job, you are afraid that you will not be able to cope, and when you start it, you calm down, you understand that you are able to overcome all difficulties.
It is said to cheer up before starting a big or unfamiliar work, or pronounced with joy when such a work is done.

WHERE THERE IS THIN, THERE IS THERE.
Trouble, trouble usually happens where something is unreliable, fragile. They say that when trouble happens, trouble, although it was already bad before.

HUNGER IS NOT AUNT.
Initially: hunger is not aunt, she will not slip a pie. It is said when the feeling of hunger forces you to eat even what you don’t love, or to act as you would not have acted under other circumstances.

LEOPARD CHANGE HIS SPOTS.
The ingrained flaws or oddities of a person cannot be fixed It is said when there is a conviction that a person will not change.

GOAL ON THE INVENTION OF KHITRA.
Gol, goli, f., Collect. (obsolete) - beggars, poor. Sly - kr. form w. R. from cunning, here (obsolete): inventive, skillful in something. The lack, the absence of something makes you be inventive, use what is available, what is at hand. It is spoken with approval or satisfaction when, due to a lack of something necessary, they come up with something original and, as a rule, cheap.

BUCKWHEAT PORSE PRAISES ITSELF.
Buckwheat - made from buckwheat grains. Buckwheat is a herbaceous plant, from the seeds of which cereals and flour are made. Buckwheat porridge is one of the favorite foods of Russians. Buckwheat porridge is so good, so tasty, its advantages are so obvious to everyone that it does not need praise. He speaks with a mocking condemnation of an immodest person, when he praises himself, talks about his merits.

PREPARE THE SLEEP IN SUMMER, AND THE CART IN WINTER.
Sleds, sleds, just a lot - a winter carriage on two skids for driving on snow. The cart is a summer carriage on four wheels for transporting goods. A horse is harnessed to a sleigh and a cart. Prepare for everything in advance. It is said as an advice to prepare in advance everything that will be needed in the future.

THUNDER WILL NOT CRASH, MAN WON'T CROSS.
Thunder (1 and 2 liters. Not used), Sov. - suddenly rumble, thunder. A peasant (obsolete) is a peasant.
Cross, -baptism, -baptism, sov.- make the sign of the cross on yourself with your hand: put the three fingers (thumb, index and middle) of your right hand folded together in succession to the forehead, to the chest, to one and the other shoulder. People who believed in God, professed the Christian religion, were baptized in many cases of everyday life. It was an obligatory ritual during prayer (at home and in church), before taking food, at the entrance to the hut (they were baptized, looking at the icons in the corner), etc. They baptized their mouths while yawning, baptized loved ones who left or went far and for a long time, they were baptized from fear at the sound of thunder, etc. In the old days, believers were afraid of thunderstorms as an inexplicable phenomenon of nature. When thunder thundered, it was believed that thunder (and not lightning) could bring misfortune (kill, cause a fire). Therefore, in order to ward off trouble, to avoid misfortune from a thunderstorm, people were baptized precisely during the thunder, the thunder, as it were, warned of a possible misfortune.
Until a misfortune, a nuisance occurs, a careless person does not remember them and does not take measures to prevent them. It is said when they do at the last moment what should have been done in advance.

GIVE THE WORD, HOLD ON.
Either be true to your word, or don't promise. It is said as a reminder of a promise made or as a reproach for an unfulfilled promise, as well as a warning, advice to refrain from promises if you are not sure that you can keep them.

THEY DO NOT LOOK AT A GIVEN HORSE'S TEETH.
Donated (colloquial) - donated, received as a gift. A horse's teeth are examined when they want to determine its age. An old horse has worn teeth, so when buying a horse, be sure to look at its teeth so as not to buy an old one. They do not discuss the gift, they accept what they give. They say when they receive as a gift some thing that they do not like and which they themselves would not choose.

BUSINESS GOES, THE OFFICE IS WRITING.
It is said jokingly about someone's vigorous activity, which is not influenced by any external circumstances.

WORKS LIKE SOOT WHITE.
Soot - black particles from incomplete combustion of fuel that settle on the inner surfaces of stoves and chimneys. Soot is the symbol of the blackest color, there is no such thing as white soot, and the humorous comparison “as white as soot” essentially characterizes a black object. The word "black" in a figurative sense means "gloomy, heavy". Bela - cr. form w. R. from white. Usually it is said in response to the question "How are you?" When things are going badly or when they do not want to answer specifically and are limited to this vague answer (the answer implies an unsatisfactory state of affairs).

THE CHILD DOESN'T CRY, THE MOTHER DOESN'T UNDERSTAND.
Understand, nesov. (outdated) - to understand something, to guess about something. If you don’t tell yourself what you need, no one will guess about it and therefore will not be able to help. It is said when the lack of assistance to someone is explained by ignorance of his needs.

HOUSES WALLS HELP.
At home or in a familiar, familiar environment, a person feels more confident and calmer. It is said with confidence or with the hope that in a familiar environment it will be easier to cope with any business.

ROAD SPOON TO LUNCH.
The road - kr. form w. R. from the road; here: "important, valuable to someone, one that is held dear." Expensive, valuable is what appears at the right moment. It is said when something is done or received on time, at the very moment when they are especially interested or in need of it, or it is said in reproach to someone who did not do the necessary on time.

FRIENDS KNOW (recognize) IN TROUBLE.
Only in difficult times will you find out who your real friend is. It is said in relation to someone who turned out to be very attentive and helped someone in a difficult situation, or, conversely, showed callousness to someone in trouble.

WILL HEAL UP TO THE WEDDING.
It will soon pass, it will soon heal. It is said jokingly to comfort the victim.

FOR A CUTE FRIEND AND EARRING (earring) FROM EAR.
The ear is a diminutive caress. to the ear. For a loved one, dear person, nothing is a pity, you will give the best. It is said that when out of sympathy a person is generous towards another, he is ready to do everything for him.

DEBT GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER.
Payment, payment, m. - depositing money into the account of something; pay. Krasin - kr. form m. from red, here: (folk poet.) "beautiful; joyful, pleasant." As you treat someone, so will they treat you. It is said when, in response to any action or attitude, they do the same.

WHERE CANCER WINTER.
The saying "I'll show you where the crayfish winter" was formed in the days of serfdom. The master sent a guilty person in the middle of winter to get the crayfish to the table. And in winter it is very difficult to find crayfish, moreover, you can freeze and catch a cold. Since then, this saying has meant a threat, a warning of punishment.

DISCOVER AMERICA.
America was discovered by the navigator Columbus more than five hundred years ago. Therefore, when someone announces what everyone has known for a long time, they jokingly say: "Well, you discovered America!"

THROUGH STUMP THE DECK.
The deck is a log. You have to move slowly through the forest when you have a stump or a deck under your feet. The expression "through a stump-deck" means to do something somehow, indiscriminately.

INVENT A BIKE.
We all know what a bicycle is and how it works. “Don't reinvent the wheel” so you don't waste time inventing something that has been around for a long time.

THE MASTER'S BUSINESS IS AFRAID.
Any business is feasible if a master, that is, a skillful, knowledgeable person, takes on it. It is spoken with admiration and praise when a person shows skill, mastery in his work.

NOT ON HAY HAT.
In the old days, the hat was a symbol of wealth and nobility. By its size, they judged what place a person occupies in society. "Not according to Senka a hat" - this is how they say about a person who is not able to perform this or that work or take a certain position.

LOOK FOR WIND IN THE FIELD.
Seek - will command, nakl. from ch. look for (looking for, looking for), nesov. All the same you will not find, there is no need to search. It talks about who disappeared and whom it is impossible to find (how useless it is to look for the wind in the field), or about what is irretrievably lost.

YOU WILL NOT LEAVE A WORD FROM A SONG.
What was, what was, I'll have to tell everything. They say, as if apologizing for the fact that you have to tell everything, without missing any (usually unpleasant) details (just as you cannot throw out a single word from a song so as not to spoil the whole song).

OUT OF THE FRYING PAN INTO THE FIRE.
Yes, it does. union - but, however. Fire (obsolete and obl.) - flame, fire. In folk speech, a flame, that is, a fire that rises above a burning object, is associated with a greater misfortune, a flame is a stronger fire. From one trouble to another, great, from a difficult situation to the worst.
It is said when a person, being in a difficult situation, finds himself in an even more difficult situation.

AND THE SWEET, AND THE REAPER, AND IN THE DUDE (on the pipe) THE PLAYER.
Shvets (outdated and simple.) - one who sews clothes, a tailor. A reaper is one who reaps (cuts off when harvesting) ripe ears with a sickle. In dudu (on dudu) igrets (obsolete) - one who plays the pipe, a musician. About who knows how to do everything or who simultaneously performs various duties.

AND WANTS AND ROLLS.
Injecting - bezl., 3 liters. units h. from Ch. prick, nesov. "touching something sharp, causing pain." It is said when you want to do something, but it's scary, because it is associated with some kind of danger, with risk.

AND LAUGHTER AND SIN.
It is said when something is both funny and sad at the same time.

AND ON THE OLD WOMAN THERE IS A LOSS.
A hole (simple) - a mistake, oversight, failure. And an experienced person can make a mistake, make a mistake, a mistake. It is said to justify a mistake, an oversight committed by a person from whom this could not be expected.

AND THE WOLVES ARE SATURATED, AND THE SHEEP ARE WHOLE.
It is said when it is convenient for some and for others to resolve a difficult situation, or when a solution is made that satisfies everyone.

THE CAT KNOWS (SENSES) WHOSE MEAT I EATED.
Feels - 3 liters. units h. from Ch. smell (smell, smell), nesov. (simple.) feel. They talk about someone who feels guilty and betrays it by their behavior.

FORCE THE FOOL TO GOD TO PRAY, HE WILL BREAK (smash) THE FOOL.
According to the Orthodox custom, believers kneel down during prayer and bow low (make bows), almost touching the floor with their foreheads. It is spoken with condemnation of a person who has damaged the cause by excessive zeal and diligence.

FOR WHAT I BOUGHT, FOR THAT AND SELL.
I repeat what I heard. They speak in their own defense when they retell rumors and therefore do not vouch for the veracity of what was said.

BAD EXAMPLE IS INVOLVED or BAD EXAMPLE IS INVOLVED.
Bad is bad. Contagious - kr. form m. r. from contagious, here: "one that causes imitation of oneself, is easily transmitted to others. It is said when someone imitates the bad behavior or actions of another person.

FOR FOOLS (to a fool) THE LAW IS NOT WRITTEN.
Laws are written for reasonable people; fools do not know the laws and do not obey them. It is said about a person when he acts, from the point of view of the speaker, strange or unreasonable, contrary to common sense and generally accepted norms of behavior.
* in a new way *
FOR FOOLS THE LAW IS NOT WRITTEN, IF IS WRITTEN, IT IS NOT READ,
IF READ IT DOES NOT UNDERSTAND, IF UNDERSTANDING, IT IS WRONG!

FRIENDSHIP FRIENDSHIP AND SERVICE SERVICE.
Friendship should not affect service. It is said when a person, despite friendly relations with someone occupying a different (usually higher) official position, does not deviate from the official requirements and duties.

OVER THE SEA TELUSHKA-POLUSHKA, YES RUBLE TRANSPORTATION.
The calf (colloquial) is a young cow that has not yet had calves. Polushka is the smallest coin in pre-revolutionary Russia, equal to one fourth of a penny (one hundred kopecks in one ruble). Yes, it does. union - but, however. Transportation - here: payment for the transported goods. Even a cheap thing will become expensive if you have to pay dearly for its transportation. They say when it is unprofitable to carry cheap goods from afar.

LIFE TO LIVE - DO NOT GO TO THE FIELD.
Life is difficult and not easy to live. It speaks about the variety of events, about the difficulties that a person encounters throughout his life.

THERE IS NO SMOKE WITHOUT FIRE, or THERE IS NO DIIMU WITHOUT FIRE.
Nothing happens without a reason. It is usually said when it is believed that there is some truth in the rumors spread.

Proverbs and sayings have come down to us since ancient times. These are short, simple, but rich in thought sayings.

They were formed by the people even before the literacy appeared in Russia. The people who can neither read nor write, as it were, created their own oral school. In their best proverbs, the people passed on from fathers to sons, from grandfathers to grandchildren, their cherished rules of life, taught children to mind.

That is why the wisdom of the people is contained in the proverbs, that is why the views of the people on life are reflected in them.

Ancient proverbs live in our native language today: both in conversation and in books. Proverbs adorn our speech, make it lively, witty. Russian writers and poets loved to listen to how the people spoke and wrote down proverbs and sayings.

My day is in proverbs and sayings.

In the morning the sun rises, it calls everyone to get up.

Washing.

I bought a soap to wash the stigma.

You can't spoil porridge with butter.

Go to school.

Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business. Unlearned man, that the ax is not chiseled.

A large piece and the mouth rejoices.

Homework.

Where on horseback, where on foot, and where on all fours. Tyap yes blooper - the ship will not come out.

The day is boring until the evening, if there is nothing to do.

Eat breakfast yourself, share lunch with a friend, and give dinner to the enemy.

The morning is wiser than the evening.

Fairy tales by proverbs

Two friends.

Once upon a time there were two friends, Sasha and Katya. They signed up for the ski section. Sasha skated better than Katya. Now it's time for the competition. The coach showed the girls the route to run along and wished them luck. Sasha and Katya were in the lead, but then Sasha's ski broke. Katya laughed and ran away. The girls running behind helped Sasha to reach the finish line. They were late, but they did not abandon the man in trouble. After this incident, Sasha did not become friends with Katya - their friendship broke up.

Friendship is like glass, if you break it, you won't fold it.

As it comes around, it will respond.

Once upon a time there was a boy named Petya. He was an angry boy, he did not like cats, if he sees a kitten, he immediately takes and throws a stone at him.

A good wizard saw this and decided to turn Petya into a kitten. So Petya the boy became Petya a kitten.

Petya wanders around hungry, looking for something to eat, suddenly some boy runs out and throws Petya with his foot. Petya's kitten felt painful and offended, and he told himself that he would never again offend kittens. After all, as it comes around, it will respond. The wizard heard this and turned the kitten Petya back into a boy.

Now Petya never offends animals and does not allow others.

Close together, but apart boring.

A brother and sister lived. They had a lot of toys. They fought over them all the time. And they decided to share the toys. Divided, and everyone began to play in their corner.

But the soldiers had no one to protect, because the dolls were in another corner.

And there was no one to feed the dolls: there were no soldiers nearby!

Brother and sister sat down, thought and decided: "It is close together, but apart it is boring!"

Elements that condense the content of the original text can stand out and independently turn into live speech; it is not an abstract formula of the idea of ​​a work, but a figurative allusion to it, taken from the work itself and serving as its substitute (for example, "a pig under an oak tree", or "a dog in the manger", or "he takes dirty linen out of hut").

Dahl's definition of "a folding short speech, popular among the people, but not a component of a complete proverb" is quite suitable for the proverb, noting at the same time a special and very widespread type of proverb - a common expression, underdeveloped to a complete proverb, a new image replacing an ordinary word (for example . "Bast does not knit" instead of "drunk", "I did not invent gunpowder" instead of "fool", "pull the strap", "all clothes are two matting, but a festive sack"). There is no proverb here, just as there is still no work of art in an emblem that has only one meaning given once and for all.

A proverb, unlike a proverb, does not contain a generalizing instructive meaning.

• "Hunger is not an aunt, she will not feed a cake"
• "The word is not a sparrow"
• "Teach your grandmother to suck eggs"
• "He called himself a load - get into the box"
• "A fly in the ointment"
• "What do you call a boat - so it will float"
• "Road spoon for dinner"
• "Yes, curls of convolutions will not replace!"
• "A friend in need is a friend indeed"
• "Do not renounce your wallet and prison"
• "Found a scythe on a stone"
• "Without God, not a threshold"
• "Kisses means loves"
• "Hits means loves"

Some sayings may sound similar, but have different meanings. So, for example, along with the well-known proverb "Beats means loves", there is a proverb that reflects the popular wisdom "strokes means loves."

Types of sayings

Sayings are of several types and are divided into:

1. Sayings by regions of the world.
2. Sayings of the peoples of the world.
3. Thematic sayings.

see also

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

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See what "Saying" is in other dictionaries:

A proverb, a fable, a joke, a proverb, a saying, an adage. This is a saying; wait, the tale will be ahead. Ershov. .. Cm … Synonym dictionary

See Proverb. Literary encyclopedia. In 11 volumes; M .: Publishing House of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V.M. Fritsche, A.V. Lunacharsky. 1929 1939 ... Literary encyclopedia

SPEECH, figurative expression, turn of speech, aptly defining, reflecting any phenomenon of life. In contrast to the proverb, it is devoid of a generalizing instructive meaning (Seven Fridays a week, Put your teeth on the shelf) ... Modern encyclopedia

Figurative expression, turn of speech, aptly defining any phenomenon of life; unlike the proverb, it is devoid of a generalizing instructive meaning (Seven Fridays a week, Put your teeth on the shelf) ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SPEECH, sayings, wives. 1. An accepted, common expression, usually figurative, allegorical, which is not an integral phrase, a sentence (which differs from a proverb, for example, neither a pava nor a crow). 2. The same as the proverb (inaccurate). 3. unit only ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SPELL, and, wives. Short fixed expression, advantage. figurative, not constituting, in contrast to the proverb, a complete statement. Folk sayings. | adj. proverbial, oh, oh. Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 ... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Proverb. from the simplest poetic works, what a fable or a saying is, elements can stand out and independently pass into living speech, in which, so to speak, their content is condensed; it is a non-abstract formula for the idea of ​​a work, but ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

proverb- SPEAKER1, joke, saying, deciphered. verdict, colloquial. sentence, colloquial. adage, colloquial. proverb DETAILS, detail, thoroughness, thoroughness, spaciousness DETAILS, detail, subtlety, particular DETAILED, ... ... Dictionary-thesaurus of synonyms for Russian speech

Proverb- SPEECH, figurative expression, turn of speech, aptly defining, reflecting any phenomenon of life. In contrast to the proverb, it is devoid of a generalizing instructive meaning (“Seven Fridays a week”, “Put your teeth on the shelf”). ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Proverb- a short, stable saying in everyday speech, often of an edifying nature, figuratively defining any life phenomenon, primarily from the point of view of its emotionally expressive assessment. Most researchers see the difference between ... Pedagogical speech

Books

• From lectures on the theory of literature. Fable. Proverb. Proverb. , Potebnya AA .. The book is a reprinted edition of 1894. Despite the fact that serious work has been done to restore the original quality of the publication, on some pages ...
• From lectures on the theory of literature. Fable. Proverb. Proverb. 1894. 2. Etymological and other notes. , Potebnya AA .. The book is a reprinted edition of 1880. Despite the fact that serious work has been done to restore the original quality of the publication, on some pages ...

"The genius, spirit and character of the people is manifested in its proverbs" (F. Bacon)

Folk proverbs and sayings are part of the spiritual heritage that we inherited from our ancestors. This is truly a gold mine of folk wisdom accumulated over many centuries. They cover almost all aspects of our life, therefore it is very useful from early childhood to acquaint your baby with proverbs and sayings, to memorize , tell their meaning, where and in what cases they are used, teach to resort to them at every opportunity.

RUSSIAN FOLK ADVANCES AND ADDRESSES.

Living life is not a field to cross.

There is a saying about every Yegorka.

Flower proverb, berry proverb.

Not knowing the ford, do not poke your head into the water.

Life is given for good deeds.

Red speech is a proverb.

Trust in God, but don't do it yourself.

A house cannot be built without corners, speech cannot be spoken without a proverb.

Wet rain is not afraid.

Small but smart.

On someone else's side, I'm happy with my funnel.

Who burns in milk, he blows on the water.

A cowardly bunny and a tree stump is a wolf.

There would be lunch, and the spoon will be found.

From time immemorial, the book raises a person.

Its land is sweet in a handful.

Ahi da ohi will not give help.

Wrong acquired for future use will not go.

Once he lied, but for a century he became a liar.

The mother swings high, but hits it slightly, the stepmother swings low, but it hurts painfully.

On the home side, and a pebble is familiar.

It is better to forgive ten guilty people than to execute one innocent person.

Where the pine has grown, there it is red.

It is bad for him who does no good to anyone.

Wormwood does not grow without a root.

The sting is sharp and the tongue is sharp.

Without a friend, a blizzard in the heart.

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

There is no friend, so look, but there is, so take care.

A liar is always an unfaithful friend, he will swindle you around.

The native side is the mother, the stranger is the stepmother.

Where to live, there and to be known.

They are greeted by clothes, but escorted by the mind.

Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

Foolish is that bird, which does not like its nest.

To go on a visit - you have to take to your place.

Trouble is trouble, but food is food.

Spring is not red on the wrong side.

Every man of his own happiness is a blacksmith.

On the wrong side, the falcon is called a crow.

God will soak, God will dry.

Teach children without people.

A thunderstorm hits a tall tree.

Altyn silver does not hurt ribs.

You will not get rich by deception, but you will become poorer.

You go for a day, take bread for a week.

If you like to ride - love to carry sledges.

What the spinner is, so is the shirt on it.

Himself destroys, who does not love others.

Better to be silent than to lie.

If you don't know how to sew with gold, hit with a hammer.

The hand of the giver will not become scarce.

If he knew where he fell, then he poured straws.

The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing.

Summer works for winter and winter for summer.

Whoever indulges children then sheds a tear.

For a scientist, three non-scientists are given, and even then they do not take.

In crowded but not mad.

What goes around comes around.

Prepare the sleigh in the summer and the cart in the winter.

Whoever knows a lot, so much is asked.

Get up early, understand well, do it diligently.

Maybe they won't get it right somehow.

The master's work is afraid.

Play, play, but know the deal.

Finished business - walk boldly.

You can't get a fish out of the pond without difficulty.

The envious eye sees far away.

You can't buy health - the mind gives it.

Business time, fun hour.

Long day to evening, if there is nothing to do.

Who does not work shall not eat.

Walk up in the summer - get hungry in the winter.

Skillful hands do not know boredom.

Patience and a little effort.

Do you like to ride, love to carry sledges.

There will be a day - there will be food.

Human labor feeds, but laziness spoils.

Take it together, it will not be heavy.

Watch out for troubles while they are gone.

The craft does not ask for food and drink, but feeds itself.

Snow is white, but they trample underfoot, black poppy, and people eat.

The child, although crooked, is sweet to the father-mother.

It is not the ax that amuses, but the carpenter.

Do not sit idly by, and there will be no boredom.

The day is boring until the evening, if there is nothing to do.

A rolling stone gathers no moss.

To live without business is only to smoke the sky.

Postpone idleness, but do not postpone business.

Do not rush with your tongue, rush with deeds.

Tackle any business skillfully.

If there was a hunt, the work would go well.

They are greeted by the dress, escorted by the mind.

Learning literacy is always useful.

And the power is inferior to the mind.

Let's go smart - say one word, say three fools, and follow him yourself.

A clever head has a hundred hands.

Mind is good, but two is better.

One cannot be without the sun, one cannot live without a sweetheart.

As is the mind, such are the speeches.

In a clever conversation, gain in mind, in a stupid one to lose.

Know more and speak less.

The stupid sour, but the clever is all business.

The bird is red with its singing, but the man is learning.

An uneducated person is like an imprecise ax.

Dunno lies, and know-it-all runs far.

If you want to eat rolls, do not sit on the stove.

You can't look around the whole world from a window.

Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.

The ABC is science, and the guys are beech.

An old friend is better than two new ones.

The friend argues, and the enemy agrees.

Do not recognize a friend in three days, recognize in three years.

Friend and brother is a great thing: you won't get it soon.

I was with a friend, I drank water - sweeter than honey.

There is no friend, so look, but you will find, so take care.

Make new friends, but don't lose your old ones.

For a friend, seven miles is not a suburb.

An orphan without a friend, a family man with a friend.

Seven don't wait for one.

A horse is known in grief, and a friend in trouble.

It is warm in the sun, good in the mother.

There is no such friend as my own mother.

What is the treasure, if the family is okay.

Brotherly love is better than stone walls.

The bird is happy with the spring, and the baby is the mother.

The hut was fun with children.

The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.

Mother's affection knows no end.

A mother's anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it falls, but it will soon melt.

The sweet child has many names.

To a grandmother - only a grandfather is not a grandson.

Good daughter Annushka, if mother and grandmother praises

From the same oven, but the rolls are not the same.

And from a good father a mad sheep will be born.

The bird is in the nest until autumn, and the children are in the house until the age.

Don't expect a good tribe from a bad seed.

Capricious in childhood, ugly in years.

All children are equal - both boys and girls.

The hut was fun with children.

Painting by the artist Pieter Bruegel (1525 / 30-1569) entitled "Sayings". The name speaks for itself, the picture depicts more than two dozen different instructive sayings. Here are some of them: banging your head against a wall, leading each other by the nose, throwing beads in front of pigs, putting sticks in wheels, sitting between two chairs, turning a blind eye, and others. Where is the picture depicted, what proverb look for yourself.