Arguments on the topic "Beauty" for the composition of the Unified State Exam. Problems: beauty, the ratio of inner and outer beauty, appearance, inner world, character

• The true beauty of a person does not depend on his appearance.
• Handsome is the one who commits moral deeds
• The most important thing in a person is sometimes impossible to see with the eyes.
• External beauty is not always a reflection of the rich spiritual world of a person.
• It happens that people who outwardly seem attractive commit absolutely immoral acts
• A person with a truly beautiful soul creates a special, incomparable atmosphere with his presence.

Arguments

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". As a child, Natasha Rostova, one of the heroines of the great epic novel, was not beautiful. The attention riveted to her is impossible without inner beauty: both in childhood and in adulthood, she was distinguished by her love of life, spontaneity, and a pure soul. Another heroine to whom you should pay attention is Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. In appearance, she was clearly inferior to beauties, only her eyes were beautiful. But people who are able to feel real beauty have appreciated its inner qualities. Marya Bolkonskaya and Natasha Rostova can be opposed to Helen Kuragin: they admired her beauty in society. But this beauty is only external. In fact, Helen Kuragina is a stupid, callous, selfish, calculating, selfish person. The outward charm of the heroine does not compensate for her immoral behavior.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard". Matryona has a completely ordinary appearance. The only aspect that attracts attention is her beautiful smile. But for us, it is not the external beauty that is important, but the internal one. It is not for nothing that the author writes that the face is good only for those who are in harmony with their own conscience. Matryona is a person from whom comes inner light, warmth. This is much more important than visual appeal.

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Svidrigailov, a fairly wealthy and well-groomed man, is not really distinguished by good spiritual qualities: he is ready to go to any meanness for the sake of his own whim. Physical beauty and an ugly inner world are in no way combined with each other: at first, in this tyrant and rapist, you can see a beautiful person. The opposite is the image of Sonya Marmeladova. Due to malnutrition, poverty, the girl's appearance suffers greatly: pale, thin, intimidated, wears terrible clothes. But the inner world of Sonya Marmeladova is beautiful, despite her lifestyle and appearance.

O. Wilde "Portrait of Dorian Gray". In this work, the problem of internal and external beauty is the main one. At the beginning of the work, we see in Dorian Gray a timid, bashful and incredibly handsome young man. Beauty is his source of power: no matter what the hero does, his appearance does not change. All changes affect only the portrait of the young man, painted by Basil Hallward. Gradually, Dorian Gray turns into an inhuman, immoral monster who has committed many nasty things, including even the murder of an artist. He is still as handsome as he was many years ago, only the portrait depicts the state of his soul. Dorian Gray wishes to put an end to the terrible image of himself and dies, stabbing a dagger into the portrait. Outward beauty turned out to be destructive for him.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince". The wise thoughts of the Little Prince can teach a lot even to an adult. Our hero said: “Only the heart is sharp-sighted. You cannot see the most important thing with your eyes. " And we can say without a doubt that he is right. True beauty is inside a person, in his soul, in his right actions.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". In the work, we do not see a description of Peter Grinev. It does not matter at all whether he is handsome in appearance. All the beauty of this person is expressed in his moral qualities, noble deeds. Pyotr Grinev is a man of honor who did not allow himself to betray his Motherland, to leave his beloved girl in danger. His actions are beautiful, which means that he himself is beautiful.

M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man". The fact that it is impossible to judge a person by their appearance is proved by the image of Andrei Sokolov, the main character of the work. He was summoned to the German Müller when he was in captivity. Exhausted by work, hungry Andrei Sokolov could not be handsome outwardly at that moment. All his beauty was manifested in moral deeds: Sokolov refused to drink for the victory of German weapons, in spite of the enemy did not bite, despite hunger and lack of strength. By these actions, one can judge that a person is beautiful in soul.

In the Russian language there is a proverb: "they meet according to their clothes, they see them off according to their minds." Indeed, when meeting a person, we first of all pay attention to his appearance, suit, hairstyle, and only then we listen to what and how he says, what level of knowledge and spiritual development he demonstrates. It often happens that the first impression is deceiving. A person can be incredibly beautiful on the outside, but his inner world will turn out to be disgusting and uninteresting.

It happens exactly the opposite. What is more important: appearance or soul? It is the problem of the relationship between external and internal beauty that is considered in this text by the Russian prose writer and journalist Yu. M. Nagibin.

The author expounds his reasoning about the concept of beauty, its knowledge and role in human life. He clearly distinguishes between external and internal beauty. In his understanding, external beauty is spiritless, it covers "emptiness, even ugliness." Quite different views of the writer on inner beauty. For him, it is "something higher, carrying moral strength." It is she who characterizes a person as a person, constitutes his essence, reflects his best qualities, demonstrates spiritual wealth.

Nagibin's position is unambiguous: appearance does not matter, true beauty is reflected in the inner world of a person, and only she is valuable, because only inner beauty "illuminates the world with good, elevates the person himself and strengthens faith in the future."

The author's point of view is close to me. Indeed, a person's appearance does not play a big role, since we value him not for his regular facial features and a slender body, but for his views on life, actions, character - a manifestation of inner beauty.

To prove the validity of my point of view, I will give the following example. Let us recall the work of O. Wilde "The Portrait of Dorian Gray". The protagonist of this novel is Dorian Gray, a young aristocrat whose impeccable appearance has become the ideal of many. Initially, his thoughts were pure and chaste, but having met the adherent of hedonism Henry Wotton and falling under his influence, the young man is rapidly changing, turning into an egoist and a criminal. Outwardly, Dorian is still beautiful, but his inner world is gloomy and spiritless. All the deformities of Gray's soul were reflected in the portrait painted for him by the artist Basil, while Dorian himself remained young and attractive. But the portrait haunted him, showing the true appearance of his soul. In the end, Gray destroyed the image and died an ugly old man, while the painting returned to its original form.

An equally convincing example illustrating this problem is N. Zabolotsky's poem "Ugly Girl". The author describes an ordinary little girl, whose appearance is rather unattractive: "the mouth is long, the teeth are crooked, the facial features are sharp and ugly." But it is not the outward nondescriptness that catches the eye at all, but sincere feelings and emotions: "someone else's joy, just like her own, torments her and breaks out of her heart, and the girl rejoices and laughs, seized by the happiness of being." She knows no envy, hatred, anger. Zabolotsky is sure that the "infantile grace of the soul" will help her to withstand the cruel world, where only a bright appearance is appreciated.

Thus, the external appearance of a person does not always correspond to the internal content. And everyone must decide for himself what is more important to him - a beautiful shell and emptiness inside, or an unprepossessing appearance and spiritual purity.

Types of problem

The inner beauty of a person

Arguments

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". A person is made wonderful by a harmonious combination of external and internal beauty. In L. Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, the writer's favorite characters did not have external beauty. The author wanted to convey to the reader the idea that physical attractiveness disappears over the years, and inner beauty remains in a person forever.
Tolstoy constantly reminds of Kutuzov's external shortcomings, but the stronger his inner strength of mind is manifested. The commander-in-chief of the Russian army is the personification of "kindness, simplicity and truth." Supporting Andrei Bolkonsky in a difficult moment for him, connected with the death of his father, Kutuzov finds the right words: ". Remember that I bear your loss with you with all my heart and that I am not your lordship, not a prince, but I am your father."

Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace". The writer endowed one of the main characters of his work, Andrei Bolkonsky, not only with external nobility, but also with an internal one, which he did not immediately discover in himself. Andrei Bolkonsky had to go through a lot, to rethink a lot, before he could forgive his enemy, the dying Anatol Kuragin, an intriguer and traitor to whom he had only hated before.
This example illustrates the ability of a noble person to achieve true spiritual heights.

A.I.Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard". The problem of true and false beauty is also heard in the works of the writers of modern literature: Solzhenitsyn, Astafiev, Rasputin, Shukshin. The main character of Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's Dvor" is endowed with a discreet appearance. Only one detail is repeated - Matryona's “radiant smile”. It is important for the author to depict the inner light streaming from her eyes, and to emphasize the thought: "All people always have good faces, who are in harmony with their conscience." Only the death of the mistress made the narrator understand her spiritual essence. That is why the motive of repentance sounds so strong in the story.

A. Platonov "Yushka". Internal culture is a true value. This is the main idea of ​​A. Platonov's story "Yushka". The main character is a simple, harmless person who does not respond to rudeness with rudeness, who is not coarse in the callous world, but opposes his kindness. All his life Yushka was beaten, insulted and offended. But he never showed anger towards people, the old man saw in bullying a strange and incomprehensible form of self-love. He lived with love for nature, people, and especially love for Dasha, for an orphan whom he raised, learned in Moscow, denying himself almost everything: he never drank tea, did not eat sugar, and saved a lot. Having become a doctor, the girl came to the town to see Yushka in order to cure him of consumption, a disease that tormented him for a long time. Unfortunately, it was too late. Yushka died. And only after death did people understand what kind of person the old man was and they became impoverished.

V. Astafiev "A photograph in which I am not." The story describes the people of a simple village. They do not live well, their life is very simple. But the main thing is that, living in difficult conditions, they retained their warmth and give it to others. The villagers, as portrayed by the author, are illiterate, their speech is simple, they always speak with a soul. Isn't this the beauty of man? This story is very modern in our time, as we lack the beauty of the soul. Here it is, beauty: in a village where neighbors help each other, mentor the young and inexperienced, do not regret treats for guests, provide support, do not betray friends. The village women help the teacher and his wife, bring food, take care of the child, and mentor the young teacher. An example of respect, help and mutual assistance. It is very rare to find such a thing these days when neighbors help each other. Without any fee, they sew up felt boots for the school teacher. He is respected and loved already because he greets everyone and will never refuse anything. The village lives like one big family, friendly and strong. Let there be sometimes quarrels in her, but by the power of good, helping and forgiving, you can overcome all adversity. A kind, open person, everyone always likes him, he brings light with him to the society he finds himself in. There are a lot of outwardly beautiful people, but some of them may be with a cold soul, which very often repels and offends others. But a truly beautiful person is one who is beautiful in soul, beautiful in his actions, in the words with which he expresses his thoughts, in his smile. Beauty lies in the heart!

This problem occupies a special place in the work of O. Wilde.

In "Boy-Star" the writer very consistently defends the principle of the inseparability of external and internal beauty of a person, and illustrates the idea that the basis of morality is aesthetic feeling.

The boy-star at the beginning of the fairy tale sticks before us amazingly beautiful: “Every year he became more and more beautiful, and the inhabitants of the village marveled at his beauty ... His face was white and delicate, as if carved from ivory, and his golden curls were like the petals of a daffodil, and the lips are like the petals of a scarlet rose, and the eyes are like violets, reflected in the clear water of a stream ”(1, 476).

This beauty conquered everyone around, forcing the boy to obey: "... And his peers obeyed him, because he was handsome" (1, 477).

But beauty and boundless power brought him only evil, "for he grew up selfish, proud and cruel" (1, 466). Because of his cruelty, the hero of this fairy tale becomes a freak: spiritual malice, excessive pride, inability to love, anyone and, above all, his mother - this, in the end, is reflected on his face: “He went to the reservoir and looked into him, but what, he saw! His face became like a toad, and his body was covered with scales like that of a viper ”(1, 479).

Disgust for one's own ugly appearance becomes the impetus for correction as mental purification. Beauty returns to him only after he atones for his sins.

In "Boy-Star" the writer most clearly shows the ratio of internal and external beauty. The boy-star is beautiful, but his inner world is ugly, but everything falls into place - as punishment, the most valuable thing - beauty - is taken from him. And so we see that the inner world corresponds to the outer one. As soon as the hero repent, his body becomes beautiful, like his soul.

So the writer reveals the problem of the relationship between internal and external beauty in the fairy tale "Boy-Star".

He views her differently in the fairy tales "The Birthday of the Infanta" and "The Happy Prince".

“The central idea of ​​O. Wilde's fairy tales, says T. Krivina, is the idea that life is ugly, but beautiful lies are beautiful, and as soon as reality invades a dream, a fantasy, created by someone modern beauty, it all perishes.”

With a beautiful illusion, Wilde associates spiritual ideals that turn out to be incompatible with reality. The Dwarf ("Birthday of the Infanta") aspires to ideal love, like the Nightingale ("The Nightingale and the Rose"), but the truth of life destroys them themselves. But reality destroys only the outer, ugly shell in order to reveal its amazing invincible inner beauty in front of the world.

Self-sacrifice theme

The theme of self-sacrifice is central to such tales as The Happy Prince and The Nightingale and the Rose.

The Happy Prince sacrifices himself in order to heal the pain of his, albeit tinny, but still heart. First, after giving the ruby ​​from his sword to the poor seamstress, the Happy Prince gives up his eyes. But he sacrifices not just stones and gold - but his beauty: “God! What a rag-tag this Happy Prince has become! - exclaimed the Mayor. - Ruby is no longer in his sword, his eyes fell out, and the gilding came off him ... He is worse than any beggar! " (1, 373).

But the Happy Prince, like the Swallow, who sacrificed her life, are rewarded: “And the Lord commanded his angel: - bring me the most valuable thing that you will find in this city.

And the angel brought him a pewter heart and a dead bird.

You chose the right one, - said the Lord. “For in my paradise gardens this little bird will sing forever and ever, and in my shining palace the Happy Prince will give me praise” (1, 373).

The Nightingale ("The Nightingale and the Rose") and the Dwarf ("The Birthday of the Infanta") remain without a reward for their sacrifice - the rose for which the Nightingale gave his life, disappointed by the refusal of the Professor's Daughter, the Student simply throws away. And the little Dwarf, dancing for the beautiful outwardly and awful inwardly Infanta, unable to withstand the despair of his own ugliness, simply dies on the floor of the castle where he danced. But, the higher the victim of both the Nightingale and the Dwarf, the lower, the uglier, Wilde depicts both the soulless Infanta and the too rational Student. It is on the basis of contrast that the writer shows the wonderful inner world of his heroes and the ugliness of external reality.

Conclusions for the section

So, this section was devoted to the analysis of the problematics of the tales of Oscar Wilde. Analyzing fairy tales, we came to the following conclusions:

1. The problem of the relationship between heroes and the outside world is presented very vividly in the writer's tales. And, having singled out such fairy tales as "The Young King", "The Faithful Friend", "The Birthday of the Infanta", we came to the conclusion that often the inner world of heroes - the world of romantic illusions - collapses from collision with reality. These tales are a kind of warning, they contain a reproach and criticism of the cruel real world.

2. The problem of the relationship between external and internal beauty in the fairy tales "Boy-star", "Happy Prince", "Birthday of the Infanta". The essence of this relationship is that the outer and inner worlds are not always identical, but fate puts everything in its place.

• Category: Arguments for writing the exam

• N. Zabolotsky - the poem "Ugly girl".

The poet wonders what beauty is. He sees an ugly girl, carelessly running around the yard with the boys. But at the same time she is kind, knows how to rejoice in someone else's happiness, in her movements - "an infant facies of the soul." And in the finale, the poet exclaims: “And if so, what is beauty? And why do people deify it? Is she a vessel, in which there is emptiness, Or a fire flickering in a vessel? " And we understand that the beauty of a person's inner world is as important as his appearance.

• L.N. Tolstoy - the epic novel War and Peace. In contrast to the external appearance of a person and his inner world, according to L.N. Tolstoy, there is a deep meaning. This is another illustration of the idea of ​​opposition between true and false values ​​in human life. The heroine of Tolstoy, who does not have a very attractive appearance, is Marya Bolkonskaya. However, she is kind, noble, religious, has the highest strength of mind. Love completely transforms her, making her beautiful, radiant eyes shine, giving grace to her movements. And Princess Marya finds her happiness in marriage with Nikolai Rostov. The beauty Helen, on the other hand, is completely devoid of any inner content. She is greedy, deceitful, immoral. "Where you are, there is debauchery, evil ..." - Pierre tells her. Her life is empty, meaningless. One gets the impression that the very concept of "happiness" does not exist for her. In the finale, she dies without having done anything good in this life.
• A.N. Tolstoy - the story "Russian character". The hero of the story, Lieutenant Yegor Dremov, was crippled at the front, burned in a tank, then lay in the hospital for a very long time, underwent many operations, as a result, his appearance changed, his face was severely disfigured. At the same time, he was a very modest person, did not like to brag about his exploits, tried not to burden others with anything. After all that had happened, the lieutenant thought that now the parents would be afraid of his appearance, the bride Katya would abandon him. Therefore, having arrived home on vacation, he called himself a false name. But for the parents and Katya, the most important thing was that he was alive, and not his appearance. The author admires Russian characters in this story. He notes that the outward simplicity, modesty of a person, unprepossessing appearance - all this is only the first impression of a person. And the depth of human nature is revealed in moments of severe trials: "It seems that a simple person, but a severe misfortune will come, and a great power will rise in him - human beauty!"

V. Hugo - the novel "Notre Dame Cathedral". The bell ringer of Notre Dame Cathedral, the hunchback Quasimodo, falls in love with the beautiful Esmeral Idu. He saves her from death, hiding within the walls of the Cathedral. So, an ugly outwardly and internally contradictory hero turns out to be endowed with wonderful human qualities: kindness, devotion, the gift of strong and disinterested love. In the finale of the novel, Esmeralda is executed, and Quasimodo dies, embracing his beloved.