Jeround Antonison Van Aken (Jeroen Antonisoon Van Aken) was born about 1450 in Hertoenbosa (Brabant). Hertogenbos is one of the four largest cities of a brabanty duchy, located in the south of modern Holland.

It was from the abbreviated name of his hometown (Den Bosch) later, a pseudonym of the painter was taken, apparently, from the need to somehow bring out other representatives of a kind. After all, the Van Akenov family, which originated from the German city of Aachen, was longly connected with picturesque craft and numbered four generations - by the artists were Jan Van Aken (grandfather Bosch) and four of his five sons, including the father of Jerome, Anthony. It is assumed that the first lessons of the pictorial craft, he received in a family workshop, which performed a wide variety of orders - first of all, this is a wall painting, but also the gilding of the wooden sculpture and even the manufacture of church utensils.

Unfortunately, the information about the biography of the artist is very small. There are no letters, nor recorded memories of the artist and his loved ones, and nor on one of his paintings are not worth the date. At the disposal of Bosch's biographers only scant documents from the urban archive. In addition, many pseudobiographies appeared in the twentieth century, which are only confused and disinformed. In the above-mentioned documents, for the first time, the name of Ierun Van Aquen appears in 1474: Bosch is mentioned together with two brothers and sisters.

Bosch lived and worked mainly in his native Hertogenbosa. In accordance with the information from the city archive, in 1478 his father died, and Bosch inherited his art workshop. Approximately at that time Ierun Van Aken married Aleit Goyartats Van der Meerven. It originated from a very wealthy family and there was a lot of her husband older. About fourteen documents written in the period 1474 - 1498 are talking about his financial position: by the end of the XV century, Bosch was considered one of the richest inhabitants of Hertogenbosa. Thus, it is conventionally separated from those artists who were created for the sake of money, because Bosch did not need them.

In the image: Monument to Jerome Bosch in Hetogenbosa

It is also known that the artist entered the brotherhood of Our Lady ("Zoete Lieve VRUUW") - a religious society arising in Hertogenbosa in 1318. It is from the preserved documents of the Brotherhood a few accurate facts from the life of the artist are known.

The Brotherhood of the Virgin, existing to this day, at the time of Bosch played very important role In the life of Hertogenbosa. The worship of the members of the Brotherhood was the miraculous image of the Virgin, who was in the city temple. By the way, the Majestic Cathedral of St. John and is now decorating central Square Hertogenbosa.

According to Bosch documents appeared in the lists of members of the arts in 1486. But even earlier, in the 1480th year, his name is mentioned in order to purchase by the Bosch of the two sashs of the old altar, the work on which he did not have time to complete his father.

In 1488, he was invited to an honorary guest on the annual feast of Brotherhood and then became an honorary member of the organization. Yerun Wang Aksen was the only artist chosen in the honorary members of the fraternity in the history of the organization's existence, and no doubt that he enjoyed great respect among the adept fraternity. (According to the official rules of the Brotherhood, only a person with the formation of the theologian could be an honorable member, but there were exceptions).

The central part of Triptych "The Temptation of St. Anthony"

In 1498 or 1499, Bosch presided over the annual Fear of the Swan Brothers, on the order of which he performed some works from the design of festive marchs and ritual sacraments of the brotherhood before writing the altar's sash for the Brotherhood Capella in the Cathedral of St. John. Unfortunately, Bosch's work for the fraternity is not preserved.

Thanks to its membership in the brotherhood, Bosch acquired various ties and first received orders from noble compatriots. For example, from the Burgundian Duke of Philip Beautiful, who in the year of his acceleration ordered the artist a large altar image. From this triptych called " Scary court"Only a deformed fragment has been preserved. The artist also worked for the Spanish Queen Isabella Castilskaya, and for the Sister of Philip and the Recents of the Netherlands Margarita Austrian.

The name of the artist disappears from urban documents for four years - from the 1499 to 1503-yp stands that, this time the artist spent in Italy. This is confirmed by the assumptions of some researchers, which is the author, Leonardo da Vinci and Jerome Bosch in the picture "Three philosophers" (about 1500 g. Venice).

Bosch spent the last years of his life, most likely, in Hertohenbos, and devoted them to work for the Brotherhood. The last mention of the artist in the books of the Swan Brothers is dated August 9, 1516. On this day, a solemn funeral mass on "Brother Jeronim" took place in the Cathedral of St. John. The solemnity of this rite confirms the closest connection of Bosch with the Brotherhood of Our Lady.

Triptych fragment "Garden earthly pleasures»

The art of Bosch has always possessed a huge attractive force. And today, some consider Bosch by someone like a surrealist XV century, which gained their unprecedented images from the depths of the subconscious, others believe that the art of Bosch reflects medieval "esoteric disciplines" - alchemy, astrology, black magic.

Art historians refer to the preserved heritage of Jerome Bosch 25 paintings and eight drawings that are stored in the most different museums World. He had copies, followers, imitators. But the world in the paintings of Bosch is still not amenable to any explanations and theories, and remains atypical for european painting XV century.

Bosch, Bos (Bosch) Hieronimus [Actually Geeronimus Van Aken, Hieronymus Van Aeken] (about 1450 / 60-1516), Great Netherlands Painter. He worked mainly in Hertogenbosa in Northern Flanders. One of the most vivid masters of the early Northern Renaissance

Jerome Bosch in their multifigure compositions, pictures on themes folk sayings, Proverbs and Proverbs combined sophisticated medieval fiction, generated by the infinite imagination of grotesque demonic images with unusual for art of his era of realistic innovations.
Bosha style is unique and has no analogies in the Netherlands picturesque tradition.
Creativity Jerome Bosch at the same time - innovative and traditional, naive and sophisticated; It fascinates people with a feeling of some kind of mystery, a famous one artist. "Eminent Master" - so called Bosch in Hertogenbosa, to which the artist remained faithfully until the end of his days, although the lifetime glory spread far beyond the limits of his hometown.

It is believed that this early work Bosha: between 1475 and 1480. The picture "Seven mortal sins" was in Brussels in the De Gevara collection about 1520 and was acquired by Philip II Spanish in 1670. The painting "Seven mortal sins" hung in the personal rest of the king of Spain Philip II, apparently helping that fiercely haunt the heretics.

The composition of symmetrically arranged circles and two deploying scrolls, where quotes from Deuteronomy with deep pessimism prophesy about the fate of humanity. In the circles - the first image of the Bosch hell and existing in the only number Interpretation of heavenly paradise. Seven mortal sins are depicted in the segments of all-grandina's eye in the center of the composition, they are given in an emphasicated moral vein.

This work is one of the most clear and moral works of Bosch and are provided with detailed, explaining the meaning of the quotes depicted from Deuteronomy. Intected on fluttering scrolls words: "For they are a people who have lost their mind, and there is no point in them." and "Suffer face mine from them and see what the end of them will be", - Determine the topic of this pictorial prophecy.

"The ship of fools", without any doubt, is satire
In the picture "Ship of Fools", a monk and two nuns, happily fun with peasants in a boat having a jester as a steering. Perhaps this is a parody of the ship of the Church, leading the soul to the eternal salvation, and maybe the accusation of lust and imposta in the address of the clergy.

Passengers of a fantastic ship floating in the "Country of Studenia" personify human vices. Grotesque ugliness of heroes is embodied by the author in shining paints. Bosch and Reaen, and symbolized. The world created by the artist himself is beautiful, but it is reigning nonsense and evil.

Most of the plots of Bosch's paintings are associated with episodes from the life of Christ or Saints, opposing the vocabulary, or drawn in allegories and proverbs about human greed and nonsense.

Saint Anthony 1500s. Prado Museum, Madrid.

"The lives of St. Anthony", written by Afanasiya Great, tells that in 271 AD. Another Anthony retired to the desert to live ascetic. He lived for 105 years (approx. 251 - 356).

Bosch depicted the "earthly" temptation of St. Anthony, when the devil, distracting him from meditation, tempted by earthly benefits.
His round spin, the posture, closed with woven "in the castle" fingers, talk about the extreme degree of immersion in meditation.
Even the devil in the image of the pig quietly froze next to Anthony, like a tamed dog. So sees or does not see the saint on the picture of Bosch Monsters, who surround it?
They are visible only to us, sinners, for "What we contemplate is what we have

Bosha image internal conflict A person, reflecting on the nature of evil, about the best and worst, about the desired and forbidden, resulted in a very accurate picture of the vice. Anthony, the power of his own, which he receives in the grace of God, opposes the squall of vicious visions, can the usual mortal be able to resist this?

In the painting "Prodigal Son" Ieronim Bosch interpreted his ideas about life
The hero of the picture is skinny, in a broken dress and different shoes, withered and as if spoken on the plane - is represented in a strange stopping and still continuing movement.
It is almost written off from nature - in any case, European art did not know before Bosch such a poverty image - but in dry sources of its forms there is something from the insect.
This is the life that a person leads, with whom, even leaving her, he is connected. Only nature remains clean, infinite. The dull color of the picture expresses the thought of Bosch - gray, almost the gross tones are combined and people and nature. This unity is natural and natural
.
Bosch in the picture depicts Jesus Christ among the broken crowd, tightly filling the space around him with evil, triumphant physiognomies.
For Bosch, the image of Christ is the personification of infinite mercy, spiritual purity, patience and simplicity. He is opposed to powerful forces of evil. They subjected to his terrible flour, physical and spiritual. Christ demonstrates a person an example of overcoming all difficulties.
According to its artistic qualities, the "cross of the cross" contradicts all picturesque canons. Bosch depicted a scene, the space of which lost all means with reality. Heads and tools protrude from the gloom and disappear in the darkness.
The ugliness, both external and inner, it translates into a kind of higher aesthetic category, which six centuries later continues to disturb the minds and feelings.

On the painting of Jerome Bosch "Crown with a terns" Jesus, surrounded by four tormentors, appears to the viewer with a view of solemn humility. Two warrior in front of the execution crown his head with a thorns crown.
The number "Four" - the number of Christ's depicted painters - among the symbolic numbers is allocated by the special wealth of associations, it is associated with a cross and a square. Four parts of the world; four Seasons; Four rivers in paradise; Four evangelist; Four Great Prophet - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel; Four temperaments: Sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic.
Four evil faces of Christistors of Christ are carriers of four temperaments, that is, all the varieties of people. Two faces are considered to be an embodiment of phlegmatic and melancholic temperament, bottom - sanguine and choleric.

The impassive Christ is placed in the center of the composition, but the chief here is not it, but a triumpling evil, who accepted the images of tormentors. Evil is represented by Bosch a natural link in a certain procedure provided.

Jerome Bosch Altar "The Temptation of St. Anthony", 1505-1506
Triptych summarizes the main motifs of Bosch's creativity. To the image of the genus of the human, mired in sins and nonsense, and the endless diversity of hellish flour, awaiting him, joined the passion of Christ and the scenes of the temptation of the saint, to which the non-heeked hardness of faith allows you to confront the onslaught of enemies - peace, flesh, devil.
The picture "Flight and Fall of St. Anthony" is the left wing of the altar "Temptation of St. Anthony" and tells about the struggle of the saint with the devil. The artist has repeatedly returned to this topic in his work. Holy Anthony is an instructive example of how to oppose earthly temptations, be all the time, not to take everything that it seems, and know that the seduction can lead to God's curse.

Taking Jesus in custody and cross 1505-1506 years. National Museum, Lisbon.

External Festings of Triptych "The Temptation of St. Anthony"
Left exterior sash "Taking Jesus in custody in the Gethsemane Garden." Right exterior sash "Cross carrying".

The central part of the "Temptation of St. Anthony." The space of the picture literally tends to fantastic implausible characters.
In that epoch, when the existence of Hell and Satan was an immutable reality, when the coming of the antichrist seemed completely inevitable, the besting persistence of the saint, looking at us from his chapel, filled with evil forces, was to encourage people and instill hope in them.

Right Folder Triptych "Garden of Earth Delights" received its name "Musical Hell" due to images of tools used as torture

The victim becomes a bill, prey - a hunter, and this is how it is impossible to hand over the chaos that reigns in hell, where the normal relationships are inverted, which once existed in the world, and the most common and innocuous subjects everyday life, racing to monstrous sizes, turn into torture tool.

Jerome Bosch Altar "Garden of Earth Delight", 1504-1505

The Left Folder of Triptych "Garden of Earth Delights" depicts the last three days of the creation of the world and is called "Creation" or "Earth Paradise".

Fantastic landscape The artist inhabits many real, as well as unreal species of flora and fauna
In the foreground of this landscape, imprinted the antediluvian world, the scene of the temptation or the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise is depicted, and their connection to God.
He holds Eve by hand as it is accepted in the marriage ceremony. Here Bosch depicts the mystical wedding of Christ, Adam with Eve

In the center of the composition rises the source of life - high. Thin, pink constructure, decorated with intricate carvings. Sparkling in Tine gemsJust as fantastic animals are probably inspired by medieval ideas about India, who captivated by their wonders, the imagination of Europeans since Alexander Macedonsky. There was a popular and fairly common belief that it was in India that he was lost by Eden.

The altar "Garden of earthly pleasures" is the most famous Triptych Jerome Bosch, which ranked its name on the subject of the central part, is dedicated to the sin of sweetusty - Luxuria.
It should not be assumed that the crowd of nude lovers was supposed to be an apotheosis of sinless sexuality. For medieval morality, sexual intercourse, which in the 20th century has finally learned to perceive as a natural part of human existence, was more often evidence that a person has lost his angelic nature and low fell. IN best case They looked at the copulation as an inevitable evil, at worst - as for a mortal sin. Most likely, for Bosch, the garden of terrestrial pleasures is a world harmonious.

World creation 1505-1506. Prado Museum, Madrid.

External flaps "Creation of the World" Altar "Garden of Earth Delights". Bosch depicts the third day of creation here: the creation of land, flat and round, washed by the sea and placed in a giant sphere. In addition, the vegetation has just appeared.
This rare, if not to say a unique, the plot demonstrates the depth and strength of the imagination of Bosch.

Jerome Bosch Altar "WHO SENA", 1500-1502

Paradise, Triptych WHO SENA

The left shutter of Triptych Jerome Bosch "WHO SENA" is devoted to the theme of the Proathera, Adam and Eve. The traditional, the cult character of this composition is no doubt: it includes four episodes from the Biblical Book of Genesis - overthrowing from the skies of the rebeling angels, the creation of Eva, the sin, expulsion from Paradise. All scenes are distributed in the space of a single landscape depicting paradise.

WHO SENA 1500-1502, Prado Museum, Madrid.

The world is a haystack: Everyone grabs how much can. The human race appears to be marked in sin, fully chosen divine establishments and indifferent to the fate of the Most High prepared by him.

Triptych Jerome Bosch "WHO SENA" is considered the first of the large satirco-right-point allegories of the mature period of artist's creativity.
Against the background of the endless landscape, a cavalcade is moving behind the huge chain, and among them - the emperor and dad (with recognizable features of Alexander VI). Representatives of other classes - peasants, townspeople, clerics and nuns - grab the hay's ohana with a war or fight for him. Behind the feverish human fuss on top is indifferent and dismissed Christ is observed, surrounded by gold shine.
No one, besides the angel who praying at the top, does not notice the divine presence, nor the fact that the cart will attract the demons.

The right shutter of Triptych Jerome Bosch "WHO SENA". The image of hell is found in the work of Bosch much more often than Paradise. The artist fills the space by the apocalyptic fires and the ruins of architectural buildings that make you remember the Babylon - the Christian quintessence of the Besysky city, traditionally opposed "History of Heavenly Jerusalem". In his version of Hell, Bosch relied on literary sources, removing the motifs of their own fantasy with the motifs hung from there.

The external shutters of the Altar "WHO SENA" have its own name "Life Path" and on the skill of execution are inferior to the image on the inner flaps and were finished, probably submissiles and students of Bosch
The path of Bosshovsky Pilgrim runs through hostile and cunning world, and all the dangers that he tait are presented in the details of the landscape. Some threaten the lives, embodied in the images of robbers or an evil dog (however, it can also symbolize the slanders, whose maliciousness was often compared with the dog lan). Beaching peasants - an image of a different, moral danger; Like lovers at the top of the war with Sen, they were abused "Music of the flesh" and submitted to her.

Jerome Bosch "Vision morbon world", Part of the Altar" Scary Court ", 1500-1504

Earth Paradise, the composition of the victim of the afterwards

IN mature period Bosch creativity goes from the image visible world To the imaginary, generated by his irrepressible fantasy. Vision is as if in a dream, because the images of Bosch are devoid of physicity, the charming beauty and unrealistic, as in the nightmare, horror, are bizarrely, as in the nightmare, horror: the infrequent figures-phantoms are deprived of earthly attraction and easily take off. The main characters of the Bosch paintings are not so many people as the funny demons, terrible and at the same time funny monsters.

This world is not strong sense, the kingdom of Antichrist. The artist translated prophecies, spreading in Western Europe by the beginning of the XVI century - time when the end of the world was predicted,

Ascension to Empiree 1500-1504, Doge Palace, Venice.

The earthly paradise is right under paradise heaven. This is a certain intermediate stage where the righteous are cleaned of the last spots of sin, before they appear before the Most High.

The angels depicted accompanied by an angels to the source of life. Those who have already saved, rush to heaven. In the "Ascension to Empires", the Earthly Earthly Earth Souls rushed to bright lightshining on their heads. This is the last thing that separates the souls of the righteous from the eternal merger with God, from the "absolute depth of the discovered divinity."

Loose sinners 1500-1504, Doge Palace, Venice.

"Loose sinners" sinners, fond of demons, fly in darkness down. The contours of their shapes barely highlight the flame flames.

Many other visions of hell created by Bosch, also seem chaotic, but only at first glance, and with attentive consideration, logic, clear structure and meaningfulness always detects in them.

Hell river arrangement of the victim of the illuminated world 1500-1504, Doge Palace, Venice.

In the painting "Hell River" from the top of a steep rock in the sky beats a post of fire, and below, the sinners shroud in the water in the water. In the foreground - a sinner, if not yet repent, then, at least, thinking. He sits on the shore, without noticing a demon with wings, which pulls his hand. The terrible court is the main theme passing through all the creativity of Bosch. He depicts a terrible court as a world catastrophe, night, illuminated by the floating flames, against the background of which the monstrous monsters torture sinners.

At the time of Bosch, clairvoyant and astrologers argued that, before the second coming of Christ and a terrible court occur, the world would rule the world. Many then believed that this time had had come. Extremely popular was the Apocalypse - the revelation of the Apostle John the Theologian, written during the period of religious persecution in ancient Rome, the vision of horrific disasters, which God will subjected the world for the sins of people. Everything will die in the cleansing flame.

The painting "Extraction of stupidity stones", which illustrates the treatment procedure from the brain of the madness, is devoted to human naivety and depicts a typical charlatanism of the healers of that time. There are several characters, like a funnel of wisdom, in a mockery put on the head of a surgeon, a jug on his belt, the patient's bags pierced by the dagger.

Marriage in Cana

IN traditional plot The first miracle created by Christ - the transformation of water in wine - Bosch introduces new elements of the mystery. The psalmaker who stands, having armed hands, in front of the bride and groom, a musician on an improvised gallery, a ceremony maker, showing the exhibited by the front work of a fine work, a servant that falls into fainting - all these figures are fully unexpected and unusual for the picture

Magician 1475 - 1480s. Museum Bummans Van Bainingen.

Board Jerome Bosch "Focuscript" - performed by humor picture, where funny facial characters themselves and, of course, the behavior of the main acting persons: Cooked Charlatan, a simpler who believed that he spun a frog, and a thief, with an insane view of his burden.

The picture "Death and Powiets" is written on the plot, possibly inspired by the "Ars Moriendi" as well known in the Netherlands ("art to die"), which describes the struggle of the devils and angels per soul dying.

Bosch captures culmination moment. Death crosses the threshold of the room, Angel calls to the image of a crucified Savior, and the devil tries to master the soul of the dying soul.

The painting "Allegory of Czechoda and an uncertainty" or otherwise "Allegory of Region and Lust", apparently, these sins of Bosch considered one of the most disgusting and inherent monks.

Picture "Crucifixion of Christ". For Bosch, the image of Christ is the personification of mercy, the purity of spiritual, patience and simplicity. He is opposed to powerful forces of evil. They subjected to his terrible flour, physical and spiritual. Christ demonstrates a person an example of overcoming all difficulties. He is followed both saints and some ordinary people.

Picture of the Prayer of St. Jerome. Saint Jerome was the holy patron of Jerome Bosch. Maybe therefore the hermit is depicted quite restrained

Holy Jerome or Blessed Jerome Stridonsky is one of the four Latin fathers of the Church. Jerome was a man of mighty intelligence and fiery temperament. He traveled a lot and at his youth made pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Later he retired for four years in the Khalkid desert, where he lived with herd-asket.

In the picture "Saint John on Patmos", Bosch shows John theologian, which on the island of Patmos writes his famous prophecy.

About 67 years old was written by the book of Revelation (Apocalypse) of the Holy Apostle John the Bogoslov. In her, according to Christians, the secrets of the fate of the Church and the end of the world are revealed.

In this work, Jerome Bosch illustrates the words of the Holy: "This is the Lamb of God, who takes upon himself the sin of the world."

John the Baptist or John of the Forerunner - according to the Gospels, the nearest predecessor of Jesus Christ, who predicted the coming of the Messiah. He lived in the desert ascetic, then preached the baptism of repentance for the Jews. The baptized in the waters of Jordan Jesus Christ, then he was beheaded because of the goames of the Judaian princess of the Iodiada and her daughter Salome.

Holy Christopher 1505. Museum Boimans Van Bainingen, Rotterdam.

Holy Christopher is depicted as a giant carrying a blessing baby through the river - an episode directly arising from his live

Holy Christopher - Holy Martyr, revered by Catholic and orthodox churcheswho lived in the III century.

One legend says that Christopher was a Roman huge heightInitially wearing the name reprection.

Once he asked to move across the river a little boy. In the midst of the river, he became so heavy that Christopher was frightened, no matter how both of them were drowned. The boy told him that he was Christ and brings with him the whole of the world. Then Jesus baptized Reprets in the river, and he received his new name - Christopher, "Carrying Christ." Then the baby told Christopher that he could stick in the ground a branch. This branch miraculously grew into a fruitful tree. This miracle refer to the faith of many. Angry by this, the local ruler, sharpened Christopher in prison, where after a long torment, he gained a martyrdom

In the Bosch composition, significantly strengthens the role of the surrounding Christ negative characters, putting forward on foreground Images of robbers. The artist addressed the motive of salvation of the full evil of the world through the self-sacrifice of Christ. If at the first stage of creativity the main theme of Bosch was criticism human deformities, then, being a mature master, he seeks to create an image positive hero, embodying it in the images of Christ and Saints.

Before a dilapidated hut, the Mother Mother of God sends. She shows the baby to the wrappers, closed in luxury clothes. No doubt that Bosch deliberately gives the wounds of the Lahturgical Service: this is evidenced by the gifts that the eldest of the Eastern Kings Valtazar lay down to the feet of Mary - a small sculptural group depicts Abraham, gathering to sacrifice His Son Isaac; This is an omnation of the sacrifice of Christ on the cross.

Jerome Bosch often elevated the theme of its pictures of the lives of saints. Unlike the traditions of medieval painting, Bosch rarely depicts the wonders and winning, spectacular episodes of their martyrdom, which were delighted by people of that time. The artist glorifies the "quiet" virtues associated with self-sufficient contemplation. Bosch has no holy warriors, nor tender mars, desperately defending their chastity. His heroes are hergers, indulging in pious reflections on the background of landscapes.

Martyrdom of Saint Liberats 1500-1503, Doge Palace, Venice.

Holy Liberat or Wilgefortis (from Lat. Virgo Fortis - Resistant Virgo; II century) - Catholic holy, patroness of girls who are seeking to get rid of annoying reasons. According to the legend, she was a daughter of the Portuguese king - a fallen pagan who wanted to give it for the king of Sicily. However, she did not want to marry any kind of kings, because it was a Christian and gave vow of celibacy. In an effort to keep your vow, the princess prayed to heaven and found a wonderful getting rid of - her a thick long beard rose; The Sicilian king did not want to marry such a crap, after which the angry father ordered it to crucify it.

With the trust of Christ in all their cruelty are presented in the picture "Ecce Homo" ("Son of Man in front of the crowd"). Bosch depicts how Christ is withdrawn on high podium soldiers whose exotic hats resemble their paganism; The negative meaning of what is happening is emphasized by traditional symbols of evil: Owl in Niche, the toad on the shield of one of the warriors. The crowd expresses his hatred to the son of God's threatening gestures and terrible grimaces.

Bright reliability of the works of Bosch, the ability to portray the movements of the human soul, the amazing ability to draw Tolstoshum and Beggar, merchant and cripples - all this takes him the most important place in the development of genre painting.

Creativity Bosch seems strangely modern: four centuries his influence suddenly manifested itself in the movement of expressionists and later in surrealism.

In five centuries, this name was raised to heaven, it was dissolved in oblivion. Bosch, whose paintings are now declared or extracted from the depths of the subconscious, or simple horror stories, or caricatures, remains a mystery, secret that entails ...

Spectacular artist

Accurate information about the life of the master is a bit. Its real name is the Nerun Antonison van Aken.

From the name of his hometown on the border of Holland and Flanders (Belgium) - Hertohenbos - his nickname - Bosch. The artist's paintings are represented as copies at the Museum of the town where his whole life was held: from birth (approximately 1450) until the burial (1516).

He chose, apparently, in artists were his grandfather, father and uncle. Successful marriage saved from material problems, all his life he entered the brotherhood of Our Lady, performing picturesque orders for him.

Contemporary Leonardo

He lived in the Renaissance era, but as unique and peculiar was Bosch! The paintings of the master do not have anything in common with what happened in the south of Europe, not in form, not in content. Most of the preserved picturesque masterpieces of the master - folder-triptychs or their parts. External flaps usually signed in the art of Griezaili (monochrome), while opening them, you could see a full-color impressive image.

This is how the main masterpieces look like, the author of which is recognized by Jerome Bosch: the paintings "WHO SENA" (1500-1502), "Garden of earthly pleasures" (1500-1510), "Scary Court" (1504), "The Temptation of St. Anthony" (1505) et al. That is, these are whole four canvases, or rather, board, united general theme. The preserved parts of the folders have high independent artistic value.

"Ship Fools"

This preserved part of the triptych is central, the other two were allegedly called "gluttony" and "Sweistance". About these vices this is speech In the preserved image. But like any genius, there is no simple, unequivocal edacity. "The ship of the fools" is a picture of Bosch, in which there is no endless series of characters and complex ciphers, but it is impossible to call it and a simple illustration for sermons.

A strange boat, through which the tree sprout. It sits in it funny company, including monk and a nun, everyone singlessly sing. Their faces - without signs of special mental activity, they are similar and scary with a special void. It is not by chance that one more character is present here - lonely twisted the jester. Is it not from Shakespeare? Is it tragedy?

Genius fantasy

"Garden of earthly pleasures" - take off of the fancy of Bosch and the greatest mystery world art. On the external flaps in the shades of gray - the world on the third day of creation: light, earth and water, and man is represented on turn. Bosch is a very difficult matter, and this product is similar to a giant symphony, crowded with details and images.

The left side is devoted to the origin of life: the Lord represents Adam the first woman, the evil has already settled among them - the cat stifles the mouse, Lan is killed by a predator. Is it so conceived by the Lord?

In the center is a multifigure composition called false paradise. Above the cycle of life in the form of a closed cavalcade of riders - a fantastically beautiful lake with four ducts, with a sky in which birds fly and people. Below is an amazing mass of people, incomprehensible mechanisms, unprecedented creatures. All of them are busy with a terrible bustle, in which some see immeasurable lust, others - fade hieroglyphs denoting the most terrible sins.

Right - blood pressure inhabited by the most monstrous images - revived horrors and hallucinations. This composition is also called "Music Hell": there are many images related to sounds and musical instruments. There is a theory that it is dictated by the Brotherhood of Our Lady, whose member was Jerome Bosch. Pictures of hell filled with asafonia - the result of inclusion in church service Musical accompaniment, against which the brotherhood protested.

Mystery Bosch

People always wanted to solve a mystery named Bosch. Pictures written by a fantastically gifted painter, excite from even psychologist specialists. Some modern psychoanalysts prove that images in the artist's paintings can only be born with a mentally ill consciousness. Others believe: so as to portray the variety of human sins, it is necessary to possess vicious nature.

Some historians consider the Bosshovsky composition with the record of alchemical recipes, where in the form of fantastic beings are encrypted components and manipulations to obtain precious elixirs and drugs. Others record the artist as a member of the secret sect of Adamites - supporters of return to the innocent nature - Adam and Eve, who called for greater sexual freedom.

We have to admit that the secret of the images and symbols of the artist is forever buried in the river of time, and everyone will have to guess it on their own. This opportunity to find your own answers to Masters' riddles is the best gift of Jerome Bosch descendants.

Bosch, Bos (Bosch) Hieronimus [Actually Geeronimus Van Aken, Hieronymus Van Aeken] (about 1450 / 60-1516), Great Netherlands Painter. He worked mainly in Hertogenbosa in Northern Flanders. One of the most vivid masters of the early Northern Renaissance

Jerome Bosch in his multifigure compositions, paintings on the topics of folk sayings, proverbs and parables combined sophisticated medieval fiction, generated by the infinite imagination of grotesque demonic images with unusual for art of his era of realistic innovations.
Bosha style is unique and has no analogies in the Netherlands picturesque tradition.
Creativity Jerome Bosch at the same time - innovative and traditional, naive and sophisticated; It fascinates people with a feeling of some kind of mystery, a famous one artist. "Eminent Master" - so called Bosch in Hertogenbosa, to which the artist remained faithfully until the end of his days, although the lifetime glory spread far beyond the limits of his hometown.

It is believed that this is an early work of Bosch: between 1475 and 1480. The picture "Seven mortal sins" was in Brussels in the De Gevara collection about 1520 and was acquired by Philip II Spanish in 1670. The painting "Seven mortal sins" hung in the personal rest of the king of Spain Philip II, apparently helping that fiercely haunt the heretics.

The composition of symmetrically arranged circles and two deploying scrolls, where quotes from Deuteronomy with deep pessimism prophesy about the fate of humanity. In the circles - the first image of the Bosch of Hell and the interpretation of heavenly paradise in the only number. Seven mortal sins are depicted in the segments of all-grandina's eye in the center of the composition, they are given in an emphasicated moral vein.

This work is one of the most clear and moral works of Bosch and are provided with detailed, explaining the meaning of the quotes depicted from Deuteronomy. Intected on fluttering scrolls words: "For they are a people who have lost their mind, and there is no point in them." and "Suffer face mine from them and see what the end of them will be", - Determine the topic of this pictorial prophecy.

"The ship of fools", without any doubt, is satire
In the picture "Ship of Fools", a monk and two nuns, happily fun with peasants in a boat having a jester as a steering. Perhaps this is a parody of the ship of the Church, leading the soul to the eternal salvation, and maybe the accusation of lust and imposta in the address of the clergy.

Passengers of a fantastic ship floating in the "Country of Studenia" personify human vices. Grotesque ugliness of heroes is embodied by the author in shining paints. Bosch and Reaen, and symbolized. The world created by the artist himself is beautiful, but it is reigning nonsense and evil.

Most of the plots of Bosch's paintings are associated with episodes from the life of Christ or Saints, opposing the vocabulary, or drawn in allegories and proverbs about human greed and nonsense.

Saint Anthony 1500s. Prado Museum, Madrid.

"The lives of St. Anthony", written by Afanasiya Great, tells that in 271 AD. Another Anthony retired to the desert to live ascetic. He lived for 105 years (approx. 251 - 356).

Bosch depicted the "earthly" temptation of St. Anthony, when the devil, distracting him from meditation, tempted by earthly benefits.
His round spin, the posture, closed with woven "in the castle" fingers, talk about the extreme degree of immersion in meditation.
Even the devil in the image of the pig quietly froze next to Anthony, like a tamed dog. So sees or does not see the saint on the picture of Bosch Monsters, who surround it?
They are visible only to us, sinners, for "What we contemplate is what we have

Boscha has an image of an internal conflict of a person, reflecting about the nature of evil, about the best and worst, about the desired and forbidden, resulted in a very accurate picture of the vice. Anthony, the power of his own, which he receives in the grace of God, opposes the squall of vicious visions, can the usual mortal be able to resist this?

In the painting "Prodigal Son" Ieronim Bosch interpreted his ideas about life
The hero of the picture is skinny, in a broken dress and different shoes, withered and as if spoken on the plane - is represented in a strange stopping and still continuing movement.
It is almost written off from nature - in any case, European art did not know before Bosch such a poverty image - but in dry sources of its forms there is something from the insect.
This is the life that a person leads, with whom, even leaving her, he is connected. Only nature remains clean, infinite. The dull color of the picture expresses the thought of Bosch - gray, almost the gross tones are combined and people and nature. This unity is natural and natural
.
Bosch in the picture depicts Jesus Christ among the broken crowd, tightly filling the space around him with evil, triumphant physiognomies.
For Bosch, the image of Christ is the personification of infinite mercy, spiritual purity, patience and simplicity. He is opposed to powerful forces of evil. They subjected to his terrible flour, physical and spiritual. Christ demonstrates a person an example of overcoming all difficulties.
According to its artistic qualities, the "cross of the cross" contradicts all picturesque canons. Bosch depicted a scene, the space of which lost all means with reality. Heads and tools protrude from the gloom and disappear in the darkness.
The ugliness, both external and inner, it translates into a kind of higher aesthetic category, which six centuries later continues to disturb the minds and feelings.

On the painting of Jerome Bosch "Crown with a terns" Jesus, surrounded by four tormentors, appears to the viewer with a view of solemn humility. Two warrior in front of the execution crown his head with a thorns crown.
The number "Four" - the number of Christ's depicted painters - among the symbolic numbers is allocated by the special wealth of associations, it is associated with a cross and a square. Four parts of the world; four Seasons; Four rivers in paradise; Four evangelist; Four Great Prophet - Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel; Four temperaments: Sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic.
Four evil faces of Christistors of Christ are carriers of four temperaments, that is, all the varieties of people. Two faces are considered to be an embodiment of phlegmatic and melancholic temperament, bottom - sanguine and choleric.

The impassive Christ is placed in the center of the composition, but the chief here is not it, but a triumpling evil, who accepted the images of tormentors. Evil is represented by Bosch a natural link in a certain procedure provided.

Jerome Bosch Altar "The Temptation of St. Anthony", 1505-1506
Triptych summarizes the main motifs of Bosch's creativity. To the image of the genus of the human, mired in sins and nonsense, and the endless diversity of hellish flour, awaiting him, joined the passion of Christ and the scenes of the temptation of the saint, to which the non-heeked hardness of faith allows you to confront the onslaught of enemies - peace, flesh, devil.
The picture "Flight and Fall of St. Anthony" is the left wing of the altar "Temptation of St. Anthony" and tells about the struggle of the saint with the devil. The artist has repeatedly returned to this topic in his work. Holy Anthony is an instructive example of how to oppose earthly temptations, be all the time, not to take everything that it seems, and know that the seduction can lead to God's curse.

Taking Jesus in custody and cross 1505-1506 years. National Museum, Lisbon.

External Festings of Triptych "The Temptation of St. Anthony"
Left exterior sash "Taking Jesus in custody in the Gethsemane Garden." Right exterior sash "Cross carrying".

The central part of the "Temptation of St. Anthony." The space of the picture literally tends to fantastic implausible characters.
In that epoch, when the existence of Hell and Satan was an immutable reality, when the coming of the antichrist seemed completely inevitable, the besting persistence of the saint, looking at us from his chapel, filled with evil forces, was to encourage people and instill hope in them.

Right Folder Triptych "Garden of Earth Delights" received its name "Musical Hell" due to images of tools used as torture

The sacrifice becomes a bill, prey - a hunter, and this is how it is impossible to hand over the chaos that reigns in hell, where normal relationships who have once existed in the world, and the most common and innocuous items of everyday life, growing up to monstrous sizes turn into torture tool.

Jerome Bosch Altar "Garden of Earth Delight", 1504-1505

The Left Folder of Triptych "Garden of Earth Delights" depicts the last three days of the creation of the world and is called "Creation" or "Earth Paradise".

Fantastic landscape The artist inhabits many real, as well as unreal species of flora and fauna
In the foreground of this landscape, imprinted the antediluvian world, the scene of the temptation or the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise is depicted, and their connection to God.
He holds Eve by hand as it is accepted in the marriage ceremony. Here Bosch depicts the mystical wedding of Christ, Adam with Eve

In the center of the composition rises the source of life - high. Thin, pink constructure, decorated with intricate carvings. Sparkling precious stones in Tina, as well as fantastic animals, are probably inspired by medieval ideas about India, who captivated by their wonders's imagination of Europeans since Alexander Macedonsky. There was a popular and fairly common belief that it was in India that he was lost by Eden.

The altar "Garden of earthly pleasures" is the most famous Triptych Jerome Bosch, which ranked its name on the subject of the central part, is dedicated to the sin of sweetusty - Luxuria.
It should not be assumed that the crowd of nude lovers was supposed to be an apotheosis of sinless sexuality. For medieval morality, sexual intercourse, which in the 20th century has finally learned to perceive as a natural part of human existence, was more often evidence that a person has lost his angelic nature and low fell. At best, they looked at the copulation as an inevitable evil, at worst - as for a mortal sin. Most likely, for Bosch, the garden of terrestrial pleasures is a world harmonious.

World creation 1505-1506. Prado Museum, Madrid.

External flaps "Creation of the World" Altar "Garden of Earth Delights". Bosch depicts the third day of creation here: the creation of land, flat and round, washed by the sea and placed in a giant sphere. In addition, the vegetation has just appeared.
This rare, if not to say a unique, the plot demonstrates the depth and strength of the imagination of Bosch.

Jerome Bosch Altar "WHO SENA", 1500-1502

Paradise, Triptych WHO SENA

The left shutter of Triptych Jerome Bosch "WHO SENA" is devoted to the theme of the Proathera, Adam and Eve. The traditional, the cult character of this composition is no doubt: it includes four episodes from the Biblical Book of Genesis - overthrowing from the skies of the rebeling angels, the creation of Eva, the sin, expulsion from Paradise. All scenes are distributed in the space of a single landscape depicting paradise.

WHO SENA 1500-1502, Prado Museum, Madrid.

The world is a haystack: Everyone grabs how much can. The human race appears to be marked in sin, fully chosen divine establishments and indifferent to the fate of the Most High prepared by him.

Triptych Jerome Bosch "WHO SENA" is considered the first of the large satirco-right-point allegories of the mature period of artist's creativity.
Against the background of the endless landscape, a cavalcade is moving behind the huge chain, and among them - the emperor and dad (with recognizable features of Alexander VI). Representatives of other classes - peasants, townspeople, clerics and nuns - grab the hay's ohana with a war or fight for him. Behind the feverish human fuss on top is indifferent and dismissed Christ is observed, surrounded by gold shine.
No one, besides the angel who praying at the top, does not notice the divine presence, nor the fact that the cart will attract the demons.

The right shutter of Triptych Jerome Bosch "WHO SENA". The image of hell is found in the work of Bosch much more often than Paradise. The artist fills the space by the apocalyptic fires and the ruins of architectural buildings that make you remember the Babylon - the Christian quintessence of the Besysky city, traditionally opposed "History of Heavenly Jerusalem". In his version of Hell, Bosch relied on literary sources, removing the motifs of their own fantasy with the motifs hung from there.

The external shutters of the Altar "WHO SENA" have its own name "Life Path" and on the skill of execution are inferior to the image on the inner flaps and were finished, probably submissiles and students of Bosch
The path of Bosshovsky Pilgrim runs through hostile and cunning world, and all the dangers that he tait are presented in the details of the landscape. Some threaten the lives, embodied in the images of robbers or an evil dog (however, it can also symbolize the slanders, whose maliciousness was often compared with the dog lan). Beaching peasants - an image of a different, moral danger; Like lovers at the top of the war with Sen, they were abused "Music of the flesh" and submitted to her.

Jerome Bosch "Vision of the Military World", part of the Altar "Scary Court", 1500-1504

Earth Paradise, the composition of the victim of the afterwards

The ripe period of creativity Bosch moves from the image of the visible world to the imaginary, generated by its irrepressible fantasy. Vision is as if in a dream, because the images of Bosch are devoid of physicity, the charming beauty and unrealistic, as in the nightmare, horror, are bizarrely, as in the nightmare, horror: the infrequent figures-phantoms are deprived of earthly attraction and easily take off. The main characters of the Bosch paintings are not so many people as the funny demons, terrible and at the same time funny monsters.

This world is not strong sense, the kingdom of Antichrist. The artist translated prophecies, spreading in Western Europe by the beginning of the XVI century - time when the end of the world was predicted,

Ascension to Empiree 1500-1504, Doge Palace, Venice.

The earthly paradise is right under paradise heaven. This is a certain intermediate stage where the righteous are cleaned of the last spots of sin, before they appear before the Most High.

The angels depicted accompanied by an angels to the source of life. Those who have already saved, rush to heaven. In the "Ascension in empires", the Earthly Souls rid of all terrestrial souls rush to bright light that shining them over their heads. This is the last thing that separates the souls of the righteous from the eternal merger with God, from the "absolute depth of the discovered divinity".

Loose sinners 1500-1504, Doge Palace, Venice.

"Loose sinners" sinners, fond of demons, fly in darkness down. The contours of their shapes barely highlight the flame flames.

Many other visions of hell created by Bosch, also seem chaotic, but only at first glance, and with attentive consideration, logic, clear structure and meaningfulness always detects in them.

Hell river arrangement of the victim of the illuminated world 1500-1504, Doge Palace, Venice.

In the painting "Hell River" from the top of a steep rock in the sky beats a post of fire, and below, the sinners shroud in the water in the water. In the foreground - a sinner, if not yet repent, then, at least, thinking. He sits on the shore, without noticing a demon with wings, which pulls his hand. The terrible court is the main theme passing through all the creativity of Bosch. He depicts a terrible court as a world catastrophe, night, illuminated by the floating flames, against the background of which the monstrous monsters torture sinners.

At the time of Bosch, clairvoyant and astrologers argued that, before the second coming of Christ and a terrible court occur, the world would rule the world. Many then believed that this time had had come. Extremely popular was the Apocalypse - the revelation of the Apostle John the Theologian, written during the period of religious persecution in ancient Rome, the vision of horrific disasters, which God will subjected the world for the sins of people. Everything will die in the cleansing flame.

The painting "Extraction of stupidity stones", which illustrates the treatment procedure from the brain of the madness, is devoted to human naivety and depicts a typical charlatanism of the healers of that time. There are several characters, like a funnel of wisdom, in a mockery put on the head of a surgeon, a jug on his belt, the patient's bags pierced by the dagger.

Marriage in Cana

In the traditional plot of the first miracle created by Christ, the conversion of water in wine - Bosch introduces new elements of the mystery. The psalmaker who stands, having armed hands, in front of the bride and groom, a musician on an improvised gallery, a ceremony maker, showing the exhibited by the front work of a fine work, a servant that falls into fainting - all these figures are fully unexpected and unusual for the picture

Magician 1475 - 1480s. Museum Bummans Van Bainingen.

The board of Jerome Bosch "Focuscript" - performed by humor picture, where the characters themselves are funny and, of course, the behavior of the main actors: insidious charlatan, a simpler, who believed that he spun a frog, and a thief, with an insane view of his bag.

The picture "Death and Powiets" is written on the plot, possibly inspired by the "Ars Moriendi" as well known in the Netherlands ("art to die"), which describes the struggle of the devils and angels per soul dying.

Bosch captures the climax. Death crosses the threshold of the room, Angel calls to the image of a crucified Savior, and the devil tries to master the soul of the dying soul.

The painting "Allegory of Czechoda and an uncertainty" or otherwise "Allegory of Region and Lust", apparently, these sins of Bosch considered one of the most disgusting and inherent monks.

Picture "Crucifixion of Christ". For Bosch, the image of Christ is the personification of mercy, the purity of spiritual, patience and simplicity. He is opposed to powerful forces of evil. They subjected to his terrible flour, physical and spiritual. Christ demonstrates a person an example of overcoming all difficulties. He is followed both saints and some ordinary people.

Picture of the Prayer of St. Jerome. Saint Jerome was the holy patron of Jerome Bosch. Maybe therefore the hermit is depicted quite restrained

Holy Jerome or Blessed Jerome Stridonsky is one of the four Latin fathers of the Church. Jerome was a man of mighty intelligence and fiery temperament. He traveled a lot and at his youth made pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Later he retired for four years in the Khalkid desert, where he lived with herd-asket.

In the picture "Saint John on Patmos", Bosch shows John theologian, which on the island of Patmos writes his famous prophecy.

About 67 years old was written by the book of Revelation (Apocalypse) of the Holy Apostle John the Bogoslov. In her, according to Christians, the secrets of the fate of the Church and the end of the world are revealed.

In this work, Jerome Bosch illustrates the words of the Holy: "This is the Lamb of God, who takes upon himself the sin of the world."

John the Baptist or John of the Forerunner - according to the Gospels, the nearest predecessor of Jesus Christ, who predicted the coming of the Messiah. He lived in the desert ascetic, then preached the baptism of repentance for the Jews. The baptized in the waters of Jordan Jesus Christ, then he was beheaded because of the goames of the Judaian princess of the Iodiada and her daughter Salome.

Holy Christopher 1505. Museum Boimans Van Bainingen, Rotterdam.

Holy Christopher is depicted as a giant carrying a blessing baby through the river - an episode directly arising from his live

Holy Christopher - Holy Martyr, revered by Catholic and Orthodox churches, who lived in the III century.

One of the legends states that Christopher was a roman huge growth, originally wearing the name of the repurchase.

Once he asked him to move a little boy across the river. In the midst of the river, he became so heavy that Christopher was frightened, no matter how both of them were drowned. The boy told him that he was Christ and brings with him the whole of the world. Then Jesus baptized Reprets in the river, and he received his new name - Christopher, "Carrying Christ." Then the baby told Christopher that he could stick in the ground a branch. This branch miraculously grew into a fruitful tree. This miracle refer to the faith of many. Angry by this, the local ruler, sharpened Christopher in prison, where after a long torment, he gained a martyrdom

In the Bosch composition, significantly strengthens the role of the negative characters surrounding Christ, putting forward the image of the robbers. The artist addressed the motive of salvation of the full evil of the world through the self-sacrifice of Christ. If at the first stage of creativity, the main theme of Bosch was the criticism of human defects, then, being a mature master, he seeks to create an image of a positive hero, embodying him in the images of Christ and Saints.

Before a dilapidated hut, the Mother Mother of God sends. She shows the baby to the wrappers, closed in luxury clothes. No doubt that Bosch deliberately gives the wounds of the Lahturgical Service: this is evidenced by the gifts that the eldest of the Eastern Kings Valtazar lay down to the feet of Mary - a small sculptural group depicts Abraham, gathering to sacrifice His Son Isaac; This is an omnation of the sacrifice of Christ on the cross.

Jerome Bosch often elevated the theme of its pictures of the lives of saints. Unlike the traditions of medieval painting, Bosch rarely depicts the wonders and winning, spectacular episodes of their martyrdom, which were delighted by people of that time. The artist glorifies the "quiet" virtues associated with self-sufficient contemplation. Bosch has no holy warriors, nor tender mars, desperately defending their chastity. His heroes are hergers, indulging in pious reflections on the background of landscapes.

Martyrdom of Saint Liberats 1500-1503, Doge Palace, Venice.

Holy Liberat or Wilgefortis (from Lat. Virgo Fortis - Resistant Virgo; II century) - Catholic holy, patroness of girls who are seeking to get rid of annoying reasons. According to the legend, she was a daughter of the Portuguese king - a fallen pagan who wanted to give it for the king of Sicily. However, she did not want to marry any kind of kings, because it was a Christian and gave vow of celibacy. In an effort to keep your vow, the princess prayed to heaven and found a wonderful getting rid of - her a thick long beard rose; The Sicilian king did not want to marry such a crap, after which the angry father ordered it to crucify it.

With the trust of Christ in all their cruelty are presented in the picture "Ecce Homo" ("Son of Man in front of the crowd"). Bosch depicts how Christ is withdrawn on high podium soldiers whose exotic hats resemble their paganism; The negative meaning of what is happening is emphasized by traditional symbols of evil: Owl in Niche, the toad on the shield of one of the warriors. The crowd expresses his hatred to the son of God's threatening gestures and terrible grimaces.

Bright reliability of the works of Bosch, the ability to portray the movements of the human soul, the amazing ability to draw Tolstoshum and Beggar, merchant and cripples - all this takes him the most important place in the development of genre painting.

Creativity Bosch seems strangely modern: four centuries his influence suddenly manifested itself in the movement of expressionists and later in surrealism.

Jerome Bosch - a medieval artist trendy and today, in particular, because of its apocalyptic ideas. Fragments of his work called "Garden of Earth Delights" can now be seen even on the legings and in a children's coloring, a modern musical group was also named in his honor. Why?

Several fanatical, if it can be so called, paintings by the artist late Middle Ages His nightmarish details were popular: a man playing a flute sticking out of his rear passage, with the help of the release of gases or a monster bird, devouring sinners and self-defined to the pit for uncleanness and other ... King of Spain Philip II - the patron saint of the Inquisition, hung one From the paintings of Bosch ("Seven mortal sins") in their bedroom. Perhaps she helped him better tune in to fight heretics.

SAMI famous picture Bosch - Triptych "Garden of earthly pleasures." On the left side of Triptych, God, Adam and Eve are depicted in Paradise, on the central: directly the garden of pleasures, on the right side: degradation, sinners, hell.

Despite the fact that the plot of this painting at first glance seems far from children, from her fragments a coloring was created for children by age from 6 years. "Coloring Book Hieronymus Bosch" introduces children with amazing landscapes, fantastic fruits and flowers, and fabulous animals, which painted Bosch. According to the author, the coloring is published in order to help children develop creatively and inspire them to create their own works of art in the future.

Also in 1991, the Art Book "Pish Posh, Said Hieronymus Bosch" ("Ugh, Ugh, said Jerome Bosch") was published. The plot of the book is a story of a disgruntled Bosch's housekeeper, which is already fled on the throat with a disorder that his wild monsters (winged fish and the like creatures) make around the house.

These two products suggest that, despite the fact that Jerome Bosch died 500 years ago, images from his works and his vision seems to be more popular than ever. About all his paintings came out a new book from the world famous publishing house Taschen. In 2007 in hometown Bosch Hertogenbosa was opened an art center dedicated to his work. The prints of his paintings decorate shoes from Doc Martens, T-shirts and sweatshirts, surfboards and skateboards. Why is this happening?

Bosch was greatly popular with life. He inspired so many imitators that it is sometimes difficult to determine its initial canons. But since then, so much time has passed: the days of counterperformation, the Baroque style ...

"The Catholic Church restores its position, and she would like to emphasize the church, salvation and saints, which was not exactly what Bosch focused on," said Larry Silver, Professor of Art History at the University of Pennsylvania, by telephone. "Take Rubens. Then, it simply could not be so that Bosch and Rubens could be simultaneously in demand. This is one of the circumstances that put an end to its popularity at that time, it, as it were, there was a turn from pessimism to the light side."

This state of affairs remained up to the beginning of the 20th century. Art historians, such as Karl Usti, did not show much interest in Bosch's painting, unlike the founders and theoretics of surrealism, such as, for example, Andre Breton, who began a new wave of interest in the pictures of Jerome Bosch. Surrealists and fans of surrealism rated his imagination and "unconscious painting." They were delighted with his ideas against organized religion and bourgeois morality.

Bohemian delight of this kind began to constantly attend stories about Jerome. There is a thesis first nominated by Wilhelm Ferger in 1947, that Bosch was a member of a cult called "Free Spirit Brothers". In such an interpretation, the central part of the garden shows not a world that rolls up to sinfulness, but enjoying sexual tantric delights free love, harmony with nature. There is another interesting mention of the garden of earthly pleasures in the book Da Vinci code, in chapter 37.

There is also a version no less popular than about sex - the cult, that Bosch had BED trips from eating moldy rye bread. According to the author Walter Bosing, for Bosch, it worked as a miraculous medicine that helps compensate for the lack of education and scholarships in higher educational institutions and contributing to the creation of paintings satisfying the sensational appetites of the audience. " The next fun example is a philosopher, the publicist of the 60s Norman Oliver Brown, who connected the theories of Freud's anal eroticism with the doctrine of Martin Luther's justification faith, illustrated his work as a garden of earthly pleasures.

Such interpretations correspond to modern stereotypes about the psychedelic paintings of the artist with a frustrated psyche, but for modern experts, they do not represent anything more than jokes, academicians only laughing on them. Bosing calls them "scientific nonsense." It is likely to assume that Bosch was simply an artist completely outside of his time, and not a crazy drug addict visiting the sectarian orgies and drawing them after the use of LSD.

In any case, now Bosch is a muse for some of the most important creators. Directed by Guillermo Del Toro (Films Labyrinth Faun, Pacific, Crimson Peak ...) Bosch leads as an inspiration for its famous surrealistic imagery. The late Alexander McQueen used to create his final collection of fabrics with prints of Jerome. The writer Michael Connelly called the master hero of his most popular detective novel in honor of the painter. A copy of Hel Bosch is hanging over his desk.

His popularity is currently coming from the fact that modern people The ideas are close and interesting. Today, the films about the Apocalypse are included in the list of the most cash films. Among ordinary people, lovers of painting and artists are very popular not only by the paintings of Jerome, but his style as a whole, his unique approach to art. The paintings of Jerome Bosch are equally attracted to both our compatriots and foreign spectators. Bosch - was a person very interesting. Its paintings are very multifaceted and ambiguous, they can be understood in different ways. Therefore, it may be so that his work will lose the relevance soon, will live for a very long time and after us.

Triptych "Garden of Earth Delight" is made by oil on a tree, approximately 1500 - 1510. Its size: 389 cm. 220 cm. Picture is in National Museum Prado, in Madrid.

The picture "The ship of fools" is made by oil on the board, about 1495-1500. Its size: 33 cm. 58 cm. The picture is in the Louvre, in Paris.

The painting "The cross" (GENT) is made by oil on the board, approximately 1490-1500. Its size: 83.5 cm. 77 cm. Picture is located in the Museum of Fine Arts, in Ghent.

The painting "The cross" (vein) is made by oil on the board, in about 1515-1516. Its size: 32 cm. 57 cm. Picture is located in the Museum of Art History, in Vienna.

"The crossing of the Cross" (Madrid) is the side panel from triptych, which is not preserved, made by oil on the board, approximately in 1505. Its size: 94 cm. 150 cm. The picture is located in the Royal Palace, in Madrid.

Triptych "The Temptation of St. Anthony" is made by the tree in the tree, in about 1505-1506. Its size: 225 cm. 131.5 cm. The picture is located in the National Museum of Antique Art, in Lisbon.

Panel "The Temptation of St. Anthony" is made by oil on a tree, not earlier than 1490 years. Its size: 52.5 cm. 73 cm. Located in the Prado National Museum, in Madrid.

The painting "The Blind Son" is made by oil on the board, in about 1510. Its diameter: 70 cm. The picture is located in the Museum of Bumans Wang Bengenna, in Rotterdam.

The picture "Seven mortal sins and four last things" is made by oil on the board, approximately in 1475 - 1480. Its size: 150 cm. X 120 cm. The picture is in the National Prado Museum, in Madrid.

The painting "Holy Christopher" is made by oil on the board, approximately 1504 - 1505. Its size: 71.5 cm. X 113 cm. Picture is located in the Museum of Bumans Wang Bengenna, in Rotterdam.

Triptych "Scary Court" is made by oil on a tree, in about 1504. Its size: 247 cm. 164 cm. Picture is in the Academy fine arts, in Vienna.

The painting "Crumpled Crown" (London) is made by oil on the board, approximately 1508 - 1509. Its size: 59 cm. X 73 cm. Picture is in National Gallery, in London.

The painting "Crumpled Crown" (Escorial) is made by oil on the board, approximately in 1510. Its size: 195 cm x 165 cm. The picture is located in the Escorial Monastery, in the city of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, in Spain.

Triptych "WHO HYEN" is made with a tree on a tree, about 1500 - 1502. Its size: 190 cm. 135 cm. The picture exists in two copies. One is located in the National Prado Museum in Madrid. Second in the monastery of Escorial, in the city of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, in Spain.

The painting "Extraction of Stone Stone" is made by oil on the board, approximately in 1475 - 1480. Its size: 35 cm. X 48 cm. Picture is located in the National Prado Museum, in Madrid.

Triptych "worship of the Magi" is made by oil on a tree, approximately in 1510. Its size: 138 cm. 138 cm. Picture is located in the National Prado Museum, in Madrid.