OGE: arguments for the composition “What is friendship? The best examples of male friendship in literature.

Having applied to participate in, I announced that I would analyze the heptalogy about Harry Potter. And the editor of the competition answered me: " Apraxis, yes, I think it fits. The main thing is that in the review you reveal the topic of friendship of wizards as much as possible, and not, say, the topic of good and evil "... I, the main thing, never really worried about the confrontation between good and evil. I myself had real friends at the age of 12, so Harry's situation is close to me in spirit precisely from the point of view of friendship.

True, it is very difficult for me to imagine a person who does not know anything about Potter's adventures, because I am a member of an online fandom, but we must focus on the ignorant: who has not read a book or watched a movie.

The story begins with the fact that an 11-year-old orphan boy, beaten by his aunt and uncle, who went to a comprehensive school and was not particularly friendly with anyone, then that his cousin was rotting him there right in the classroom, suddenly ends up in Hogwarts, a school for wizards ... On the way to school, he first meets an infantile giant uncle, a brother in reason, Rubeus Hagrid. He informs the boy about his real magical origin and immediately becomes his friend, taking care of him and introducing him into the course of magical affairs.

On the train to Hogwarts, Harry meets the same downtrodden boy Ron Weasley, a purebred wizard from a poor large family. Apparently, the rogue past makes itself felt, and they quickly become friends on candy-dessert soil when Harry buys Ron a whole cart of sweets. It is surprising that Harry is generally able to be friends after being tyrannized at school (although this is described by Rowling's mother very schematically) and in the family. In this situation, in reality, the boy would have to grow up to be a very sociopathic type. But, thanks to the writer's arbitrariness, Harry Potter is for some reason open and friendly. True, at first he dislikes the nerdy and boring Hermione Granger, who decided to learn all the magic books in the summer before entering school. Well, quite a normal reaction for an 11-year-old kid, or rather two boys, bound by teenage male solidarity. Then they, however, save her from a mountain troll, launched into the girl's toilet by one of the teachers.

The rest of the book goes completely awry with reality. Usually mixed-sex groups at the age of 11-12 break up into homogeneous groups, where dirty whispers about periods begin, but Rowling does not even have a trace of this. In the first book, 11-year-olds are incredibly infantile, about 9 years old, and in the last books, 16-17-year-olds are 20 years wise. Of course, you can blame it on the war, but, as Comrade Stanislavsky used to say, I DO NOT BELIEVE!

Three mixed-sex comrades go through life and adventures very smoothly and harmoniously, except that around the age of 14, hormones begin to play with them and Ron falls in love with Hermione, Hermione with a foreign Quidditch player, Harry with a Chinese woman Zhou ... they fall in love again, and suddenly Ron and Hermione's comrades-in-arms turn out to be a couple, and Harry falls in love with Ginny, Ron's younger sister. This is what seems to me to be a super-deliberate arbitrariness of the writer.

Regional state budgetary educational institution

secondary vocational education

Ulyanovsk Pedagogical College №4

ESSAY

In the discipline "Children's literature"

Death, love, freedom and friendship in J.K. Kathleen Rowling's Harry Potter books.

Performed:

Group student 23

Narynskaya Olga Alekseevna

Teacher:

Lyudmila Anatolyevna Tolstykh.

Ulyanovsk, 2014

Introduction …………………………………………………………………. 3 p.

I. The theme of death in the books of JK Rowling about Harry Potter …………… ..... 4 p.

II. The theme of love in the books of JK Rowling about Harry Potter ……………… 5 p.

III. The theme of freedom in the books of J.K.Rowling about Harry Potter …………… .6 p.

IV. The theme of friendship in the books of JK Rowling about Harry Potter …………… 7 p.

Conclusion ………………… ... ……………………………. …………… ...... 8 p.

References ………………… ... …………. …………… ...................... 9 p.

Appendix ………………………………………. ……………………… ... 10 p.

Introduction

The theme of my essay is death, love, freedom and friendship in the books of JK Rowling "Harry Potter".

The Harry Potter books are an example of very good and useful youth literature, because these books pose real, not invented, problems, and they also solve them in a Christian spirit. All the "magic", magic component, which takes up a lot of space, serves as an interesting plot for the author in order to present eternal themes in an unusual way.

The leading themes of all books are death, love, freedom and friendship, in that order. They are inextricably linked. Rowling takes each of them seriously and does not give simple comforting answers to difficult questions, does not underestimate their importance, which is a great advantage of the books.

I. Death theme in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter books.

Death, as you know, is not a childish topic. Why do Harry Potter's friends and foes die in all seven volumes in battle, or simply in a dream, by fatal accident or as a result of an intricate design? Let's see what author J.K. Rowling herself has to say about this. : “My books are mostly about death. They start with the death of Harry's parents. Or take Voldemort's relentless desire to conquer death. Immortality at any cost is the goal of everyone who has touched magic. I understand why he wants to conquer death - we are all afraid of it. "

In the Harry Potter books, not only negative ones die, but also many positive, innocent characters. And this is a rather serious deviation from the canons of fairy tales, where the light forces always defeat the dark ones, the bad heroes die, and the good ones live happily forever. But the author doesn’t kill the heroes with the aim of sharpening the storyline. Every death has a certain symbolic meaning.

The death of Sirius deprives Harry of a mentor.

Buckley's death symbolizes the end of Harry's childhood.

Dumbledore's death proves that the death of a great leader cannot stop the war.

Dobby's death is that even a small creature can die like a hero.

Snape's death suggests that you can always change your path.

Fred's death very clearly demonstrates that you can never come to terms with someone else's death. And that's okay.

Death is a theme that runs through the entire work as a continuous thread.

This is perhaps the main question that Rowling asks in his book and to which he gives two alternative answers. If this is an absolute evil, then it must be fought against by any means, including killing other people. The one who survived won. The one who died has lost. This philosophy is professed by the main villain of the saga, Lord Wolande - Mort and his supporters.

Harry Potter, his friends and mentors "through dim glass" come to a different answer: death is a terrible reality, causing a lot of grief to all living, but not eliminated by their own efforts, especially by causing harm to others. Moreover, one can and must accept death oneself, if this is the only condition for the salvation of other people. And it is precisely this answer that triumphs in the book and turns out to be the path to another, eternal life.

II. The theme of love in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter books.

Love in a book is a mysterious gift that in an unknown way creates the personality of a loved one and which cannot be replaced by anything. Its highest manifestation is parental love for children, selfless and sacrificial. When reading books, one circumstance surprises: two boys grew up as orphans, in other people's houses on the rights of poor relatives, but for some reason from one of them eventually turned out to be a wonderful boy Harry Potter, and from the other - the notorious villain Voldemort.

But it's all about love: Harry lived at least the first year of his life with his parents, who loved him infinitely, and the last thing his mother did, she sacrificed herself for him.

Voldemort's father abandoned him even before birth, and his mother did not find the strength to live for her son. Perhaps these circumstances gave both heroes opposite directions in life, although, of course, did not predetermine them completely.

The meaning of love for a person is shown implicitly in the book. But there is also one beautiful fragment where it is directly spoken about: “If there is something in the world that Voldemort cannot understand, it is love. He could not realize that love - such a strong love that your mother felt for you - leaves its mark. This is not a scar, this trace is generally invisible ... If you are loved so deeply, then even when a person who loves you dies, you still remain under his protection. Your protection lies in your skin. That is why Quirrell, full of hatred, greed and ambition, who shared his soul with Voldemort, could not touch you. Touching a person marked by such a strong and kind feeling as love caused him unbearable pain. "

The sense of protection that parental love gives is limitless. And in these few words, J.K. Rowling brilliantly conveyed the magic of love.

III. The theme of freedom in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter books.

The significance and preciousness of freedom is shown in many situations. A prime example of this is the release of the house elf Dobby from his masters.

Fraudulently, Harry Potter freed the house elf, thereby thanking him for his help.

But, of course, the most important thing is the interpretation of freedom as the right to choose what and what you believe in. Everyone chooses their own path. Someone believes in a bright future and victory over dark forces, and someone believes in the sovereignty of the Dark Lord. The world does not provide unshakable proofs of the fidelity of certain ideas, the rightness of good or evil. Material, tangible facts do not indicate the only correct path. In every situation, there is room for free choice that takes place in the heart of a person - it is both painful and precious. This is shown by the choice of the Malfoy family, who until the last battle were devoted to the Dark Lord, but after they were left disarmed and defenseless, they decided not to take sides, and fled from the battlefield.

IV. The theme of friendship in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter books.

Friendship in the book is presented very touchingly, although in the history of friendship of the three main characters (Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger) there is nothing qualitatively new or unusual in comparison with other famous unions of friends of world literature. But this is a source of warmth and smiles throughout all seven books, and it cannot but rejoice, because all the inhabitants of the magical world (and after them the readers) are by no means spoiled with good news.

Throughout all seven books, there is an unbreakable thread of friendship that runs through all difficulties. Thus, the heroes experience magic chess together, in a dungeon; the flywheel of time, when rescuing Buckbeak and Sirius Black; Tournament of three wizards; fight in the Ministry of Magic; the death of the director - Albus Dumbledore, as well as the war.

One cannot but mention the strong friendship of these heroes. Even after Ron Weasley, possessed by the Horcrux, left his friends, Harry and Hermione did not stop waiting for him. After the return of the red-haired friend, it turned out that he wanted to return immediately, but did not find a way. This only speaks of the inextricable bond of friendship that accompanies our heroes.

Conclusion

Harry Potter is one of the few books that fills our lives with magic. Page by page, the first book will be over. Others will gradually leave behind it.

The Harry Potter books have no bad sides. It does not promote teenage problems, strained relationships with parents, unrequited love, drugs, alcohol, smoking. Better to say, this is a "children's fairy tale for grown-up hearts". Many argue that this is just nonsense for kids: magic, wizards, miracles. Well, what's wrong with that? After all, reading scientific literature is much more useful. This is deeply wrong.

Firstly, books about a young wizard teach us courage, courage, honor, valor. And also to be able to love, value friendship and your family. Each character in the book left his own page. For example, Harry taught us that we should never give up. Hermione showed us by her example that it is very good to be smart and that in our time, for girls, the mind is held in high esteem. Ron revealed to us loyalty, as well as dedication and the fact that belief in something is much more important than luck. The moon led us into a world where you just have to believe. From Lily Potter's perspective, we saw that the maternal power of love is the most powerful force on earth. With Fred and George, we laughed even in dark times.

Our world is getting bigger, our fantasy is developing.

It doesn't matter at what age you read books about the young wizard Harry Potter. The main thing is how you look at everything that happens.

J.K. Rowling's book touches upon the eternal, inextricable themes of being. Therefore, even after a hundred years, our generations will be reading stories about the Boy-Who-Lived.

Bibliography

Rowling, JK Harry Potter and the Philosophy Stone [Text] / J. Rowling. - London: 1997 .-- 399 p.

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets / J.K. Rowling. - London: 1998 .-- 473 p.

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban / J.K. Rowling. - London: 1999 .-- 511 p.

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire / J.K. Rowling. - London: 2000 .-- 667 p.

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix / J.K. Rowling. - London: 2003 .-- 826 p.

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince / J.K. Rowling. - London: 2005 .-- 672 p.

Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows / J.K. Rowling. - London: 2007 .-- 640 p.

http://www.matrony.ru/pochemu-mne-nravitsya-garri-potter/#ixzz2yyshB46Q

http://www.livelib.ru/book/1000553029/reviews

APPLICATION

At the present stage, society is preoccupied with the problems of market relations, economic instability, political complexities that destroy social ties and moral foundations. This leads to intolerance and bitterness of people, destroys the inner world of the individual. That is why society, solving the problems of education, must rely on the rational and moral in a person, help everyone determine the value foundations of their own life, acquire a sense of responsibility for preserving the moral foundations of society.

The shortcomings and miscalculations of the moral state of society are caused by the aggravated contradictions in life. Young people are struck by social infantilism, skepticism, unwillingness to actively participate in public affairs, and open dependent sentiments. The most dangerous form of the immoral state of some is moral hypocrisy, the practical use of two or three degrees of morality: one external, ostentatious - for schools, social events; the other is for the home, for the family, misleading parents; the third is genuine - for your circle of friends and for yourself. In sight - social activity, in the soul - the conviction that life is built according to the laws of cruel egoism. The results of the contradiction between moral education in society and everyday life, the spontaneous influences of reality are manifested.

The integrity of moral education is achieved when a complex and contradictory life itself is the basis, source and material. Morality is formed not on verbal or activity events, but in everyday relationships and the complexities of life, in which the child has to understand, make choices, make decisions and take actions. As a result, the moral consciousness of children matures, the principles of behavior and the ability to control oneself are strengthened.

J.K. Rowling's novel "Harry Potter" is based on life with its ideals, for which one must fight, make sacrifices, experience difficulties, negative phenomena, to overcome which one needs remarkable will and self-control. Moreover, “she even helps to find a common language with her child - a teenager, rough, awkward, denying all sorts of authorities, and primarily parental. And no magic - just read the lines of J.K. Rowling. "

The novel poses the problem of the upbringing of the younger generation, the relationship between adults and children, the relationship between peers, the problem of choosing a life position, the eternal conflict between Good and Evil, a person and his place in society.

The PURPOSE of our work is to illuminate the moral issues and to reveal the problem of moral choice in the novel "Harry Potter" by Joanne Kathleen Rowling.

Objectives: a) read the novel "Harry Potter" and comprehend its moral issues; b) consider the essence of moral problems; c) to reveal the content of the moral choice of the hero of the novel; d) comprehend such moral and philosophical categories as good, evil, truth, duty, conscience, responsibility, etc.

Moral problems of the novel

Joan Kathleen Rowling "Harry Potter".

JK Rowling became famous overnight. Her Harry Potter books have taken over the world. Until now, each edition literally immediately disappears from the shelves of bookstores, although several years have passed since the release of the first book about the wizard boy. The Times wrote: "This is not only the most successful bestseller in the history of children's literature, but also an exceptional literary work."

The world of the book is surprisingly bizarre and mysterious. You open a novel about Harry Potter and it is as if you find yourself in a magical world where golden phoenixes live, ghosts walk, magical animals are hiding, amazing and incredible things happen. In the novel, the real and the fictional are artfully intertwined.

The moral problems of J. Rowling's novel include: the formation of a person's consciousness of connection with society, dependence on it, the need to coordinate their behavior with the interests of society; familiarization with moral ideals, the requirements of society, proof of their legitimacy and rationality; the transformation of moral knowledge into moral beliefs, the creation of a system of these beliefs; the formation of stable moral feelings, a high culture of behavior as one of the main manifestations of human respect for people; the formation of moral habits.

In the fairy tale novel "Harry Potter", readers are presented with such urgent and serious problems as the upbringing of the younger generation, relationships between adults and children, relationships between peers, the problem of choosing a life position, the eternal conflict of Good and Evil, a person and his place in society

The main themes of the novel:

1.the topic of a person's moral choice.

2. the theme of the struggle between good and evil.

3. the theme of love and hate: the all-conquering power of love and the swallowing abyss of hatred.

4. the theme of the meaning of life.

5. the theme of predestination, fate.

6. the theme of "fathers" and "children".

7.the theme of friendship

Moral norms are transformed by the novel into subjective morality thanks to their sensual assimilation by Harry Potter. Morality for him is, first of all, a living feeling, a real state and the experience of deep satisfaction or, on the contrary, discomfort, suffering, physical disgust, self-condemnation and bitter remorse. Thanks to him, moral consciousness, knowledge of the norms of behavior, habitual actions acquire a moral meaning.

The characters of the heroes of the novel are formed in the process of relationships with other people: attentiveness and benevolence; the ability to understand another person; in the ability to sympathy, empathy; tolerance for other people's opinions, beliefs, behavior; in readiness to come to the aid of another person. The example of the humane attitude of the teacher to his students has a special educational force in the novel. "Fairy tales can be sad at the very beginning or in the middle, but they must always end with justice, which means - good!" - this and many other best traditions of fairy tales come to life in J. Rowling's books. In her incredible stories, there are evil and good wizards, a phoenix and a basilisk, giants and cruel ministers, a dragon and a unicorn - you can't count all of them. The storyteller's imagination also creates many new unseen characters, such as, for example, Aragog - a monstrous spider the size of an elephant (Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets), or Buckbeak, which looks like a horse and an eagle at the same time (Harry Potter and the Prisoner Azkaban ”), etc. As in folk tales, the heroes go on dangerous journeys, experience exciting adventures, perform feats, and the plot is based on the traditional conflict between Good and Evil.

Based on the traditions of a fairy tale, the writer creatively develops them, striving to create a modern fairy tale, designed for both young readers and an adult. This striving largely determines both the ideological content and the imagery of J.K. Rowling's works, in which the fabulous is organically combined with the everyday, familiar. Here Harry spends the summer with his relatives, and at night he flies away in a flying car; he listens to the evening news on TV, and an owl flies into the room with a letter. At the will of the author, the reader has the feeling that he too can become the hero of a fairy tale, like Harry.

This is not only a fabulous magic, but also a miracle of creativity taking place before our eyes. The writer addresses the reader as a co-author, counts on his imagination, and that is why it is even more interesting to follow the heroes' adventures. And the heroes of Rowling themselves are ordinary guys and perform feats not at all because they are endowed with superhuman strength, but because of their courage and ingenuity, but also because they cannot leave friends in trouble. This book fosters in us a moral sense - something that is sometimes so lacking in modern man. Her characters always fight for justice side by side with friends, their strength lies in the ability to feel someone else's grief as their own. The glorification of intelligence, nobility, loyalty, their victory over brute physical strength - the pathos of the book about Harry Potter. At the same time, there is another very important idea in it, which the author was able to express in the words of Professor Dumbledore: "a person is not a character trait, but a choice made by him." The Harry Potter books are surprisingly diverse. Exciting, action-packed, colorful as a kaleidoscope, they are written in a lively spoken language, the characters' speech is always individualized. However, here you can find both a lyrical digression and an expressive satirical portrait.

In the image of the old director of Hogwarts Albus Dumbledore and in his words, the author expresses and affirms universal human values: “evil is ruthless to both enemies and allies”, “love leaves its mark. This trail is generally invisible If you are loved so deeply, then even if the one who loves you died, you will forever remain under his protection ” how disconnected. Differences in our traditions and in our languages ​​are insignificant if we have common goals, and our hearts are open to each other "," if the time comes to make a choice between easy and right, remember what happened " that you are able to feel such pain, your greatest strength pain is a human destiny, ”“ the young do not understand how old people think and feel. But old people are to blame if they forget what it means to be young "," there are wounds that even time cannot heal: they are too deep "," a force that is both more wonderful and more terrible than death, than the human mind, than forces nature, it is also the most mysterious of all treasures of this saving power - love.

The image of Professor Severus Snape is very controversial: he hates Harry, but he cannot let him die. Once he and the boy's father were school enemies and in every possible way got each other. Now Professor Snape annoys Harry, but at the same time saves him from certain death several times.

All characters carry out a specific function chosen for them by the author. Dumbledore is a mentor, Snape is a hated teacher, Ron, Hermione and Hagrid are loyal friends, Minerva McGonagall is a strict but fair teacher, Voldemort is an eternal and implacable enemy. Each hero is endowed with typical features: we can meet any of them on the street today.

In the novel, fiction, fiction are on a par with the real image in life. The main characters are people fighting for justice, goodness, while maintaining courage and courage. The heroes are endowed not only with exceptional magical power, but also with such qualities as kindness, a sense of justice. Dumbledore performs the image of a fabulous helper, a "donor" who gives the hero magical means to defeat the forces of evil - he gives Harry an invisibility cloak that will always help him.

Why is there evil? What are people who have lost their kindness? What will a person become who has lost the ability to enjoy life and do good to people? Who dares to oppose evil? These age-old questions are answered in J.K. Rowling's novel.

According to Rowling, the world is beautiful, and kindness is primordial, and therefore the greatest evil for a person is his state in which he ceases to enjoy life. Good has a great attraction. In this thought, those who helped Harry help us to establish ourselves: the phoenix, Buckbeak, the house elf Dobby, Professor Dumbledore, Sirius Black, who did not spare his life to save Harry, the ghost Myrtle, who helped Harry solve a difficult task.

General human concepts of good and evil are the same. No nation can come to terms with such human vices as lies, greed, and deceit. Ideals have changed. But until now, in the soul of everyone we have a hidden belief in a fairy tale - a belief in the best that will come in life.

The problem of moral choice in the novel

Joanne Kathleen Rowling "Harry Potter".

“A person is not a character trait, but a choice made by him. "

The novel "Harry Potter" is a story about the moral life of a person, about moral choice and about the most important issues of human existence and the meaning of life. The reader is given the task of preparing a responsible person, capable of independently assessing what is happening and building his activities in accordance with the interests of the people around him.

We perceive the novel as a recreation of a true life with true values ​​(kindness, love, creativity), which is especially important for the younger generation, and the educational impact of reading can only be successful if the work of art is not only conscious, but also felt by the child.

The true, deep, effective mechanism of moral choice consists in resolving the contradictions between the individual, his self-affirmation and life. A person, a person, acquires good or bad moral qualities due to the way he gets out of life situations, what moral choice he makes, what deeds he does. Either he acquires the ability to manage himself, overcome external obstacles and internal weaknesses, or the situation captures him, generates confusion and fear, suppresses, makes him deceive and hypocritical. In the process of overcoming life difficulties and contradictions, deep emotional experiences, Harry develops the strength of his spirit, character, makes decisions, on which the life of himself and his friends sometimes depends, and comes to the conclusion that a choice made freely and meaning victory over himself, in in many ways is not always the most enjoyable.

In the image of the orphan boy Harry Potter, many teenagers will find character traits similar to their own, many of his actions will repeat theirs. He “learns to be strong with those who consider him weak, and generous with those who depend on his will. This is a tale about the truth and the duty of man to remain human even in the wizarding world. "

But, as in life, in Harry and his peers, moral judgments are often vague, unstable, and sometimes erroneous. Quite often they identify stubbornness and stubbornness, courage and recklessness, pride and arrogance. This leads to wrong actions. For example, Harry's resentment and unwillingness to talk to Dumbledore, the decision to go to the Ministry of Magic to save Sirius alone cost his godfather his life.

Conviction based on true knowledge requires them to make their own decisions and certain actions. So, Hermione Granger in the second part of "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" goes against all school rules in order to make a complex Polyjuice Potion, the composition of which is only possible for the teachers of Hogwarts. And Harry has to choose between "easy and right" every year.

Harry's moral traits are manifested in actions that are prompted by various motives. The decision to do this and not otherwise is often the result of a complex mental struggle of motives, impulses, aspirations, experiences. Sometimes this is a clash in the mind of a teenager of different, contradictory motives, some of which are associated, for example, with his desire for pleasure, for a beloved and pleasant occupation, and other motives are an awareness of duty, responsibilities, the fulfillment of which requires exertion of strength, refusal of personal pleasure. ... At Hogwarts school, in a family of caregivers, a teenager is constantly faced with the need to make a moral choice between the desired and the due, when the moral is taken for granted. In such situations, you need moral fortitude to make the right choice. Such situations are common, everyday and seemingly insignificant. But they are significant in moral formation, because they require effort, and not thoughtless submission to circumstances: the preparation of homework is completed and you can chat with friends, but you need to help a friend in mastering the Quidditch technique, you want to be the first in the competition, but you cannot leave prisoners of water at the bottom of the lake. people.

Unfortunately, often in the family of guardians, Harry does not make this or that decision himself, does not make a choice, but is forced to act by order and coercion. So, the uncle simply orders him to immediately put aside the album with photographs and go to mow the lawn. The boy obeys, but does so with reluctance and irritation.

The problem of choice in the novel is covered in all aspects: from insignificant to global. All heroes choose at one time or another: Harry on the very first day at Hogwarts Wizardry School is faced with a choice of friends:

Malfoy turned to Harry again. “You will soon find out, Potter, that in our world there are several dynasties of wizards that are much cooler than everyone else. You don't need to be friends with those who are not worthy of it. I'll help you figure it out. He reached out to shake hands, but Harry pretended not to notice.

Thank you, but I think I can understand myself who deserves what, ”he remarked coldly."

In addition to the choice of friends, Harry had to beg the Sorting Hat that day not to send him to Slytherin, the faculty more than any other graduating Dark Wizards. Hermione and Ron, helping and supporting Harry in all his endeavors, are also forced to make their own choice: Hermione, an exemplary student in all respects, breaks school-wide laws by creating Dumbledore's Squad; Ron, fearing spiders to death, nevertheless goes with Harry to the lair of the huge spider Aragog.

In the second book, Harry must choose between obedience and the ability to save Ginny Weasley from certain death. In the third part, Harry has a choice - to let his father's friends kill the traitor or to keep Pettigrew alive. In Goblet of Fire, Harry is constantly faced with a choice of either “easy” or “correct”; in Order of the Phoenix, Harry and his friends can accept the terms of the Ministry, but he prefers to take the Defense Against the Dark Arts course on his own and educate his friends; in The Half-Blood Prince and in Deathly Hallows, he is again faced with the choice of life and death. In the latest book, all teachers and students engage in a final battle against Voldemort in order to save Harry and not let him die. And Harry goes to his death to save them. With each passing year, the tests that Harry Potter undergoes become more and more dangerous, the choice becomes more meaningful, and, in the end, “he will need courage of a different kind - he must walk in cold blood towards his own destruction”, he must realize that “he must die and understands that there are things in life that are much worse than death. "

In the novel, J. Rowling raises a philosophical problem - the problem of moral choice. The main characters are teenagers - our peers. With the help of various artistic techniques and means of expression, the author creates images of active, lively people who firmly know their duties and ways of performing them. The writer constantly emphasizes that the hero's inner worldview is a support for sometimes difficult decisions and choices. When the author proceeds to convey the inner experiences and thoughts of Harry Potter and his friends, it turns out that passivity is not at all resignation to fate (Harry's readiness to die in the last part of the novel), but only the ability to soberly assess the stop and choose death as the only possible way out of the current situations.

Harry cannot move away, run away and save his life - his moral principles do not allow him to do this - so he fearlessly goes to meet his main enemy, knowing that he is no longer destined to stay alive.

goodness, while maintaining courage and courage.

In the last part of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, J.K. Rowling uses contrast in the portrayal of characters, but now his sympathies are on the side of the seemingly worst enemy - Severus Snow. Harry learns why Professor Snow agreed to serve with the powerful Voldemort, and this is an example of submission to circumstances, and not free choice.

Severus Snape in the work is by no means an impeccable hero. He constantly finds fault with Harry Potter and his classmates, overestimates his Slytherin faculty, mercilessly strict about misconduct, kills Dumbledore. But as events unfolded, it turns out that all his actions were guided by the desire to save the life of his son Lily Evans (Harry Potter's mother), that Damledore's death was agreed between the director of Hogwarts and Professor Snow in detail, that he served Voldemort for the sole purpose - know about the plans of the enemy.

The problem of moral choice in a work, of course, should also involve strictly measured artistic means.

Probably, the author was guided by this, asserting on the pages of the work the lofty, noble idea of ​​sacrifice, which is why the emotional plan is so complex and diverse. The focus is on the actions of the heroes, in particular Harry, and the feelings and experiences are taken out of the text, giving the reader the opportunity to "experience" and guess.

This kind of understatement expands the artistic space of the fairy tale novel. The opposition of the two images (Harry and Snape) also shows intention, justified by the idea of ​​moral choice.

Harry's personality is revealed in its psychological fullness, attracted by his loyalty to ideas, friends, Dumbledore and a desire to destroy evil. Snape's image, on the other hand,

"Suffers" from incompleteness, even some kind of unnaturalness. For example, during the murder of Dumbledore's comrades-in-arms, his Hogwarts colleagues in the last part of the novel, Severus Snape behaves so calmly, even so cold-blooded, that this serves as further evidence of his involvement in the Death Eaters.

It is worth noting that after the death of Dumbledore, Professor Snape became the director of Hogwarts and in every possible way prevents Dumbledore's squad from overthrowing him from the director's chair. He issues orders designed to supervise students, punishes teachers. But again, such a contrasting portrayal of the psychology of the heroes “ideally” reveals the lofty idea of ​​sacrifice.

Probably, there is not a single literary work that does not touch upon the problem of choice, which we so often face in everyday life. The heroes of the novel choose different paths for themselves, but we are witnesses to the fact that once the wrong choice is made, it can not only destroy a person's life, but also bring a lot of grief and misfortune to others. Life is arranged in such a way that every second, willing or not, a person makes a choice: active actions or inaction, loud words or quiet thoughts, decisiveness or fear of the consequences. And our future depends only on how we act right now, whether we are honest with ourselves or go with the current that carries into the abyss.

Good has a great attraction. In this thought, those who helped Harry help us to establish ourselves: the phoenix, Buckbeak, the house elf Dobby, Professor Dumbledore, Sirius Black and Severus Snape, who did not spare their lives to save Harry, the ghost Myrtle, who helped Harry solve a difficult task, his friends who overcame with together with him all the hardships and hardships.

Extracurricular activity "Lessons in Kindness" based on the novel by Joanne Kathleen Rowling "Harry Potter".

Teach children of mutual assistance, support, respect for each other, fostering a culture of interpersonal relations.

At an extracurricular event, the guys and I discussed various situations. The guys willingly entered into discussions, drew their own conclusions, offered their options on the proposed situations. Overall, the event went well. On the proposed situations, the guys knew well how to behave in a given situation, had ideas about morality, about etiquette, about immoral acts, etc.

The following situations were suggested:

"The choice in my life." The guys were divided into teams. Each team played a scene on this situation, how, in their opinion, the choice is expressed in the life of each of us. In my opinion, the guys did an excellent job with this kind of work, the scenes turned out to be natural and interesting.

1. You are a little late for Professor Snape's lesson. Enter the audience.

2. You come to class in the morning. You see your comrades from Gryffindor.

3. Two people are seated at the table: Malfoy and Professor Snape. They are talking. You need to contact Malfoy with a question. Do it.

4. How do I tell my close friend Ron that he’s not good at Quidditch?

5. Situation: Harry Potter is in the lake, completes a task for a while, but stays with the captives of the water people to save them and eventually arrives last. What would you do?

6. You are Arthur Weasley. Call the Dursleys. Start a conversation.

7. There is Polyjuice Potion on the table, offer it to someone in the class. Find a reason and words for this.

8. Walk up to someone and find out how to get to Diagon Alley.

9. Ron Weasley runs from Lavender because he is afraid to explain to her. How would you help him?

"Do we know the Harry Potter novel?"

The guys were divided into teams, each team fulfilled the task. It can be concluded that the guys are well aware of the plot of the novel and are able to apply the information received. The class teacher also participated in the discussions, helped the children, focused their attention on this or that situation, and the class teacher asked the children to remember some details of the work. The class teacher asked the children to draw conclusions, as well as compare the behavior of the children in everyday life. The guys came to the conclusion that they are not always guided by the rules of morality, and sometimes they do immoral acts.

Suggested assignments for extracurricular activities.

1 task - QUIZ

Is Harry Potter an ordinary boy? What makes him different from his peers?

Who were the protagonist's parents? Why did they suffer such a terrible fate?

How are Muggles different from wizards? Can a future wizard be born in a Muggle family? Are Muggles Born Among Wizards? Find examples in the text.

Where and how does Harry Potter and Ron Weasley first meet? Can the boys be expected to be friends? Why?

Who is Neville? Why do you think the writer introduced this character into her novel? Why are all the guys constantly laughing at him? How does Harry feel about him? How does Neville feel about Harry Potter?

Neville Longbottom is a typical idiot who always gets into stories. This is a traditional character in Western literature, a simpleton character against whom all other characters are tested. At the same time, the simpleton is traditionally kind, ingenuous, able to sacrifice himself for the sake of his friends. He is physically weaker than the other guys, which is why Harry and Ron constantly protect him, for which Neville pays them with sincere friendship.

2nd task - KNOWLEDGE OF THE TEXT

Why is the good wizard Albus Dumbledore giving the orphan Harry to be raised in a Muggle family? Why exactly does this protect the child?

Family, native blood is the natural protection of a small child from all evil in the world, including evil magic.

The fame in the world of wizards, according to Dumbledore, could turn a child's head ahead of time, spoil his soul, and in the world of Muggles Harry will live and be raised like everyone else, for the time being not knowing who he is and what he is famous for: "He will live here. until he grows big enough to be able to cope with his fame. ""

Describe the Dursley family. Are all Muggles like them? Why? What characterizes this particular family? Have you met such people in real life?

Tell us how two cousins ​​lived, Dudley Dursley and Harry Potter. Why, in your opinion, could not they find a common language?

Did the students of the "ordinary" school know that Potter is a wizard? Did Harry know about this? When and how will he know about it? What's going on in his soul? Describe the boy's condition.

What is the reaction of the boys - Harry and Ron - to the appearance of Hermione Granger in their compartment? Tell us more about this.

Why did Ron Weasley first dislike the Muggle daughter? Did he, like Draco Malfoy, consider Muggles to be "inferior" to himself, "filthy commoners"?

How did Harry feel about Hermione?

What helped all three to become friends in the future?

Why didn't Draco Malfoy like Harry back in Diagon Alley? What words on the train became key for their further relationship? Find in the text.

"-. You will soon find out, Potter, that in our world there are several dynasties of wizards who are much better than everyone else. You have no need to be friends with those who are not worthy of this. I will help you figure it out.

He reached out to shake hands, but Harry pretended not to notice.

Thank you, but I suppose I can figure out who deserves what, ”he remarked coldly."

How do these words describe the main character? Do you think they predetermined Harry's choice of House for the Magic Hat? Why?

Tell us how Harry, Ron, Neville and Hermione began their lives at the Gryffindor House.

Explain why the animosity between Harry and Professor Snape, the Dark Arts specialist, developed.

Why is the main character friends with the simpleton and "loser" Hagrid? What unites them? 3a that Ron and Hermion also fell in love with Hagrid?

How does Hermione's personality change from friendship with boys? What is now becoming the main thing for her - her own success in her studies, the School Cup, for which faculties compete every year, or the honor and dignity of friends? Confirm your answer with quotes from the teket.

Activity 3 - MORAL LESSONS

What moral lessons do the Harry Potter books teach us? Confirm with quotes from the text.

The moral lessons of the Harry Potter novel:

- "If there is something in the world that Voldemort cannot understand, it is love. He could not realize that love - such a strong love that your mother felt for you - leaves its mark. It is not a scar, this the trail is generally invisible. If you are loved so deeply, then even if the one who loves you died, you will forever remain under his protection. "

True friendship is both a gift from Destiny, and a reward for courage and loyalty, and the ability to live for others: "we are strong as much as we are united, and weak as much as we are separated."

Courage and loyalty are wonderful personality traits that you need to cultivate in yourself.

- "Courage is different. You have to be courageous enough to resist the enemy, but no less courage is required in order to resist friends."

- "If you want to get to know a person better, look not at how he treats his equals, but at how he behaves with his subordinates",

It is impossible to be afraid of evil: only the one who is not afraid wins; "the obvious power of evil is not a reason to go over to its side"; "Always call things by their proper names. Fear of a name intensifies fear of the wearer."

- "If the time comes to make a choice between easy and right, remember what happened to an honest, kind, brave boy just because he accidentally stood in the way of Lord Voldemort" - you must choose the right one.

0 the eternal struggle between Good and 3la: ". He is still somewhere here, perhaps looking for a new body in which he could move. Since he is not a living being in the full sense of this word, he cannot be killed. He left Quirrell to die. - he is ruthless to both enemies and allies. But you should not be upset, Harry, even if you only put off his rise to power for a while, but next time there will be someone else who will be ready to fight him And this, despite the fact that our fight against him seems to be lost in advance. And if his return gets further and further away, perhaps he will never rule. "

CONCLUSION

More than ten years ago, J.K. Rowling's novel "Harry Potter" was published. This fabulous work attracts readers with its problems and unusual characters. The characters in this book are wizards and sorceresses, fantastic creatures and mythological characters. The author pays a lot of attention to relationships between people. This is very important, because the more we learn about human relationships, about the actions of people, the better we understand each other, because each person is a whole world that can be studied forever. After reading this book, you understand how difficult the destinies of people can sometimes intertwine, how much their lives depend on the circumstances and on the actions of other people. In the novel, three main storylines can be distinguished, connected by common problems. The first line is Harry's fate. An ordinary orphan boy, living with his relatives, does not understand the strange things that often happen to him. The second is a prophecy that linked Harry and Lord Voldemort. Lord Voldemort “heard about the prophecy and began to act, and in the end he not only selected an enemy for himself who could finish him off, but also provided this enemy with a deadly weapon !. The third line is the life of the wizarding community and Muggles.

The moral problems of the novel are complex and the author of the novel solves them in a peculiar way: the boy makes decisions on which not only his own life depends, but also the lives of many others. Harry makes these decisions in a moment of danger, but, in the end, it is his decision that is most correct. Given the depth and seriousness of the problems posed in the novel, given the power of the work's impact on people, one can only be surprised at the subtle psychologist-author.

In the novel, fiction, fiction are on a par with the real image in life. The main characters are people fighting for justice, goodness, while maintaining courage and courage. The heroes are endowed not only with exceptional magical power, but also with such qualities as kindness, a sense of justice.

During the work on the Harry Potter book, we came to the conclusion that this novel has an instructive content and contributes to the correct conscious perception of life.

§ 1 Foreword
This work is dedicated to the acclaimed series of novels about Harry Potter, which caused a lot of controversy and disagreements between psychologists, literary critics and even religious leaders, and, nevertheless, entered the list of world bestsellers. The mere fact that this work has caused such a response in society has become an incentive to seek answers to controversial questions. This work is about books that, despite everything, are enthusiastically read by children and adults all over the world.
The work used various scientific literature on psychology and sociology, listened to lectures by teachers of various universities, studied articles by representatives of the Church, literary critics and ordinary readers. Also, among the research methods, one can note the analysis of the work, watching documentaries, taking notes of all the facts found, conversations with people who are closely familiar with the object of our study.
The purpose of the work is to reveal new, unexplored depths, facts in the Harry Potter novels for readers who are superficially familiar with the work.
The tasks of the work: upbringing in children, adolescents and adults of many highly moral qualities, which we have considered on the basis of this work; encouraging more thoughtful reading of the Harry Potter series; refutation of most of the negative opinions that exist on the theme of the series of novels about the wizard boy and his friends; as well as a deeper study of the work from the point of view of linguistics.
It's no secret that many of the works included in the school curriculum are not relevant for today's youth, whose priorities and interests have changed. "Harry Potter" is a worthy example of literature that brought children home from the street, pulled them out of computer games and united parents with their children. This is the novelty of this work.
The relevance of the work lies in the very resonance caused by this work, and the variety of opinions about it, not always positive; because, in our opinion, this work is worthy of deep study as an example of quality literature capable of fostering deep feelings in children and developing these feelings in adults.
We talk about feelings such as a sense of duty and justice, like love and friendship. "Harry Potter" is able to develop such qualities as will, decisiveness, mutual assistance, loyalty and devotion, affection for family and friends, etc. in a fragile childish character.
J.K. Rowling chose an original form for the embodiment of her thoughts, making the work understandable and interesting for the reader of any age group, and in the youngest readers this work is capable of developing imagination and fantasy.
We would like to point out that there is no consensus on the genre of this work. It is a fusion of fantasy, teenage adventure romance, detective, thriller, and romance novel.
The Harry Potter series is a story of growing up, becoming a personality, a story that turns a children's fairy tale into a novel. For an adult, "Harry Potter" is attractive because it is able to literally tear a person away from the gray everyday life, from "adulthood" and transfer him to the world of childhood, to the world of flight of fantasy and dreams, the world of endless possibilities and hope that never leaves us ... In addition, these wise books help parents understand their children and avoid many of the underwater reefs in father-child relationships.
A whole generation of children grew up with the characters of "Harry Potter", including us. We were mischievous adventurers like Harry and his friends from the first installments (Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban); teenagers thirsty for adventure, trying to find answers to the eternal questions about the meaning of life, about their place in this life and the future, like the heroes of the books "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire", "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix", "Harry Potter and the Prince - half-breed ". And now we are no longer children, but not yet adults, we are in a state of development of the heroes of the Deathly Hallows. We are no longer so mischievous, we think in an adult way, we make decisions and are responsible for them, but still some part of us is still sitting in the Great Hall with the Sorting Hat (*) on our heads.
Thanks to Harry, we became adults with a childhood dream, we are forever attached to childhood, and in our hearts we are the very first-year students with magic wands in our hands: just wave your wand - and childhood is again in front of us.
We got to know the story of how a confused, surprised boy becomes a brave, strong, stubborn, honest man; how is it
__________
* We are talking about a magic hat that was worn on the head of a freshman, and it determined which faculty he would study at.

A know-it-all friend turns into a woman with an iron character, but a tender heart; and a friend, often ready to act only at the behest of Harry, into a confident charismatic man.
In the epilogue we see them as adults, with their children. And we have a lump in our throat due to the fact that our fairy tale melts as quickly and rapidly as the last page of the epilogue turns ...

§ 2. A look at some of the psychological aspects of the work:

2.1 The choice of heroes. The meaning of the division into muggles and wizards
All characters in the work are divided into wizards and non-wizards (i.e. Muggles). The meaning of this division plays an important role for every age group of readers.
One way or another, every child dreams of being special, not like everyone else, which is why Harry, whom they tried to force to be “normal” all his life until the age of eleven, is so cute to children from the first pages of the book. Well, what child does not want to receive a letter brought by an owl, which says that he is a wizard ?! Right! Such children are few, if any.
Teenagers, like Harry, feel their alienation, isolation from society, feel "at the peak of suffering" in the midst of adolescence, so for them "Harry Potter" is a kind of escape from reality into the world of wizards, where, as it seems to them, their would be understood in contrast to real life. By the way, such a "escape from reality" is much better and more useful than familiarization with various subcultures, addiction to alcohol, nicotine or drugs.
Our opinion coincides with the opinion of Bykova N.Yu., a teacher of the Samara Humanitarian Academy: “Each age has its own pitfalls, and heroes, in addition to fighting evil in the person of the Dark Lord, also solve these teenage problems. Adaptation in a team, choosing “our” side, relationships with friends, quarrels and reconciliation, childish envy, gossip in the school environment, gaining authority from classmates, first love, learning to think and analyze people's actions, the ability to put oneself in the place of another - everything we can find this in Rowling's novels. This is the reason children love her characters. After all, they are the same as the readers themselves. And since the story is from Harry's point of view, it turns out that children are not taught how to live. They, together with the main character, stuff the cones and draw conclusions. "
Joan Kathleen Rowling began writing about Harry Potter under the impression of the death of her mother, so at the very beginning of the work, Harry loses his parents. The writer had a tense relationship with her father. We think that it was the psychological problems and internal conflicts of the author himself that caused many of Harry's character traits, his feelings and perception of various situations.

2.2 Harry's relationship with the Dursleys and Weasleys.
The work reveals the problem of the relationship between adults and children in a very interesting way. Various aspects of this problem are especially well traced in the examples of relationships in the Dursley and Weasley families.
The Dursleys - Harry's uncle, aunt and cousin, Dudley - are an ordinary family, leading a rather boring, philistine lifestyle that suits them. Parents blindly adore their only child, not engaging in either his upbringing or his spiritual development, do not see his shortcomings, everything allows him. As a result, their son Dudley grows up to be selfish, vile, hypocritical, vicious, besides, a terribly beefy villain, capable of offending the weak and defenseless and at the same time feeling his impunity. Rowling constantly emphasizes the opposite of the brothers in everything from appearance, lifestyle and ending with the attitude of the Dursleys elders towards them.
"... Besides, he [Harry] seemed even smaller and thinner than he really was, because he had to wear Dudley's old clothes, and Dudley was four times his size, so the clothes hung on Harry like a sack ..."
Children see a weak, in need of Harry's protection, suddenly at once received an unexpected "bonus" in the form of magical power, and Dudley, who has everything, who offends everyone and everything with impunity, who eventually gets a pig's tail as punishment (*). The child (reader) sees that justice still exists in the world, no matter what opinions might be on this topic.
Harry practically does not participate in the life of this family. He, as a curious, active boy, is not interested, even disgusted with their boring, monotonous life. He feels like a stranger here, an outcast long before he realizes his dissimilarity with them. He is not loved in this family, and he initially does not understand the reason for this dislike. Only after learning that he is a wizard, Harry begins to see clearly.
In our opinion, the Dursleys treat the boy as an outsider, as a "foreign body" for several reasons.
Firstly, he is not their child, but the son of Petunia's sister, a sorceress
_________
* Hagrid punished Dudley for excessive gluttony, resulting in the latter having a pig tail.

Lily, whom Petunia herself did not love because of envy of her sister's magical powers.
Secondly, they could not change it, no matter how hard they tried for 11 years!
Thirdly, they are terrified of Harry's abilities, his magical power, they do not understand what to expect from him, because in their life everything is calculated, everything is known in advance.
Fourth, the boy was actually imposed on the Dursleys, behind him is a powerful force (the world of wizards), against which this family cannot do anything, no matter how hard they try to get rid of it.
In the end, the Dursleys are forced to come to terms with finding Harry in their family, but, alas, this does not make their relationship warmer, "more related."
However, Dumbledore still leaves Harry with the Dursleys until his eleventh birthday, when the boy reaches the age to begin learning magic. Dumbledore believes that his own blood is the best defense.
“I mean, of course, that your mother sacrificed herself to save you. She gave you such reliable protection as he [Voldemort] could not have imagined, and she protects you to this day. So I decided to rely on my mother's blood. And I took you to her sister, because she has no other relatives left. "
With each book, Harry is more and more annoyed by the Dursleys' unreasonably rude attitude towards him, the boy is imbued with real hatred for them. He often locks himself in his room, psychologically fencing himself off from the annoying barbs of the Dursleys, goes into his magical world, finds his island of hope for a brighter future.
It is this ability not to get discouraged that children like so much. They feel that they, too, are able to compromise with adults without losing themselves, not to enter into open confrontation with the family, although Harry still conflicts with the Dursleys in later parts when their attacks become unbearable. But we remember that our reader is also growing up, and his views are no longer as shaky as at the beginning of the first part, so he understands this relationship between Harry and his aunt and uncle correctly.
Relationships in the Weasley family are very different. There is not one child like the Dursleys, but as many as seven! Despite the fact that it is incredibly difficult to feed so many children (even in the world of wizards), Mr. and Mrs. Weasley never lose heart and do not complain about fate, and Harry is perceived as another child of theirs.
Molly Weasley's sensitive heart has enough love and care not only for her own children, but also for Harry, Tonks, Hermione and others. Here Rowling shows that not only blood can protect, that love is a much stronger barrier.
"- Harry! Baby! Found it! Mrs. Weasley raced towards them in full sail, swinging her purse with one hand and pulling Ginny with her with the other. - Harry! Sweetheart! You could have died!
When Mrs. Weasley ran up, she immediately took a clothesbrush out of her bag and began to sweep the remaining soot from Harry's robes. And Mr. Weasley took off the glasses from Harry's nose and touched them with his magic wand, once or twice - and the glasses are like new! "

2.3 Fears and Overcoming Them
Fears have a special place and meaning in the Harry Potter books. Through the lips of his characters, Rowling wants to convey to the reader an unambiguous philosophy of fears and their overcoming.
Of course, every person is afraid of something: darkness or heights, loneliness or confined space.
Harry is not afraid of dangers, not even afraid of Voldemort, before whom the whole magical community trembles, which was afraid to even pronounce the name of the Dark Lord aloud; and Harry is not.
"The fear of the name only intensifies the fear of the wearer."
More than anything else, as it turns out in the third part ("Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban"), Harry is afraid of fear, which, as Professor Lupine correctly notes, is commendable. Those. Harry is not afraid of anything in particular, he is only afraid to get cold feet at the most crucial moment, to show his weakness.
Ron is terrified of spiders. Spiders symbolize the frailty and vulnerability of life in the face of death, and, therefore, Ron subconsciously fears death.
Much is said about fears in the third part, where Harry first encounters Dementors - creatures who do not know mercy and pity, feeding on the good memories of people, sucking out everything bright from them, leaving only black longing, sadness.
“Dementors are the most disgusting creatures in the world. They live where darkness and decay, bring despondency and death. They suck happiness, hope, peace from everywhere. Even Muggles sense their presence, although they do not see them. When you are with the Dementor, all good feelings and happy memories disappear in you. This is their food. They eat all the good that is in a person, and he becomes the same as they are, the embodiment of evil. "
Boggart is another dark creature that takes on the guise of man's most powerful and deepest fear.
“You see…” Lupine frowned slightly. - Seeing you, the werewolf would take the form of Voldemort.
Harry's eyes widened in surprise. The last thing he expected was such an answer. In addition, Lupine called the Dark Lord by name, and no one but Dumbledore and Harry dares to call him that.
“Obviously I was wrong. But I thought he had nothing to do in the staff room, ”Lupine continued. - Everyone would be scared, and the lesson would go down the drain.
“I had the thought of Voldemort,” Harry admitted. - But I immediately remembered the Dementor ...
- So that's it! Lupine reasoned aloud. - Amazing! Noticing the bewilderment on Harry's face, Lupine smiled and added, “So you’re more afraid of fear than anything else in the world.” It is commendable!"
Rowling believes that the best cure for fear is laughter, which emphasizes the wisdom and originality of the author.
“The spell against boggart is simple, you only need one thing: good concentration. The best weapon against him is laughter. Turn it into something funny and laugh, it will disappear immediately. "
When Rowling wrote the work, she overcame her fears (for example, she took Dementors from her own childhood nightmares; and Joan learned to overcome fears the same way she taught her characters to deal with them - with the help of happy memories and laughter), loneliness (she, in contrast to her own surrounded by her loyal friends Harry created by her).
It seems to us that there was a real catastrophe in Rowling's soul, which she, embodying on paper, gradually overcame. She studied with Harry, and he studied with her, so the created character turned out to be so "alive".

2.4 Attitude to the problem of life and death
The issues of life and death are one of the most important topics in the work. Different characters deal with these issues differently; we would like to consider the attitude towards life and death of the main positive character - Harry Potter - and negative - Voldemort. And also the Tale of the Three Brothers, as the embodiment of various characters.
Harry just lived and did not try to prevent death, he boldly walked towards mortal danger. For him, death was only a homeless woman who took away his parents, then his godfather, then his friends ...
And Voldemort tried to conquer death, coming into conflict with nature, which weakens his soul. He suffers from his own selfish catch-up game with death.
From the point of view of modern psychology, those who are afraid of death are afraid only of their fantasy, which, by the way, Voldemort possessed in the highest measure. We can draw this conclusion based on the moments of the Dark Lord's childhood described in the books, where we see a cruel, embittered, but not devoid of originality of the boy's thinking. We believe that the fear of death developed in him precisely then, in childhood, when no one directed the violent childhood fantasy and the boy's imagination in the right direction; therefore, in our opinion, this is a hint given by the author to parents to pay attention to what excites the restless imaginations of their children; because many fears created by childhood fantasy turn into serious phobias that pursue a person to the attraction of his life.
Rowling contrasts the feelings of the protagonist (love and will to live) and the Dark Lord (dependence and fear of death), i.e. Harry, unafraid of death, survives, while Voldemort, foolishly trying to hide from her, falls into her trap.
“For a highly organized mind, death is another adventure,” says Dumbledore.
Here it is worth analyzing the "Tale of the Three Brothers": Voldemort was interested only in the first gift - the wand - the basest of the Gifts.
“… And now the elder brother, a warlike man, asked for a magic wand, the most powerful in the world, so that its owner would always win in a duel. Such a magic wand is worthy of a person who defeated Death itself! Then Death broke off a branch from an elderberry bush that grew nearby, made a magic wand out of it and gave it to his elder brother. "
The elder brother was the most selfish of the three: he wished for omnipotence, but did not take into account one "but": even the omnipotent are insignificant before death.
Harry was interested in the second gift - the Resurrection Stone - but not because he, like his middle brother, wanted to "humiliate Death", but only to return loved ones from the afterlife. However, he possessed only the third gift - the cloak of invisibility - the only one of the gifts that does not enter into an argument with Death, but only puts its owner on the same level with It.
“… And when the younger brother got old, he took off the invisibility cloak and gave it to his son. He met Death as an old friend and went hunting with her, and as equals they left this world. "
The wisdom of the tale lies in the fact that no one will be able to avoid death, no matter how omnipotent this "someone" may be, and this is not necessary; after all, a person somehow gets tired of life and needs rest. The only question is how a person perceives death - is he afraid and runs away, stumbling, drives himself into a trap, or calmly walks towards it, realizing that death is inevitable.
Dumbledore's thought:
“The real master of death does not run away from her. He realizes that he must die, and understands that in life there are things much worse than death. "
coincides with the statement about the death of the famous philosopher and poet of antiquity Horace:
"Death catches up with the one who runs from it"
The conclusion suggests itself: Voldemort ran away from death for a long time and successfully, but he did not live, but ran all the time, ran ... until one day he collapsed into the arms of death, exhausted and with a disfigured soul. And Harry just lived and enjoyed life, loved, made friends, was happy, sad. And then, like his younger brother, he will calmly let go of the life from which he has drawn all the taste.

§ 3. Eternal questions:

3.1 The meaning of friendship in the work
Friendship has a special place in our history. A significant part of the protagonist's experiences is devoted to this topic.
Arriving at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, Harry first acquires one close friend - Ron, in whom he sees the embodiment of all that he himself dreams of: his beloved son; the youngest, and therefore the most spoiled, of the Weasley brothers; connoisseur of all things usual for the wizarding world, but new for Harry, things (like Quidditch - a magical sports game). Ron sees in Harry not only a legend, as the whole magical community sees him, but a person with his own experiences and worries. An understanding immediately arose between the boys, despite the opposition of characters.
Subsequently, Ron took a passive position in their friendship, he had his own opinion, but more often relied on Harry. Ron was no less brave than Harry, but more lazy, subject to momentary desires, which is easily explained by the fact that he grew up in a close-knit family where he was pampered.
Ron participates in all Harry's adventures and adventures, knows his secrets (up to the last part, where Harry has thoughts that he does not share with anyone), he is always ready to take risks, but only in the company of Harry. There were also isolated cases where Ron acted selflessly and single-handedly performed heroic deeds for the sake of friends (for example, he saved Harry in the last part).
“Harry didn’t answer - the words didn’t come. The Silver Doe is nothing, nothing compared to Ron's return. Harry couldn't believe it. Shaking from the cold, he picked up the junk lying on the lake shore and began to dress. Pulling on one sweater after another, Harry expected Ron to disappear before he could see him, but he was always there. He also dived into the lake, he saved Harry. "
Celebrity envy Harry in Ron first made itself felt in the fourth part ("The Goblet of Fire"), where the boy Who Lived again attracts everyone's attention to his person, becoming the fourth participant in the Triwizard Tournament, which in fact should not have happened ... Ron thinks Harry became a member of his own free will out of selfish, conceited reasons. Harry is hurt by his friend's distrust, and they come into conflict. After a while, Ron realizes his mistake, and the boys become best friends again.
In the seventh part (Deathly Hallows), a black cat again runs between friends. First, Ron is jealous of Harry Hermione, with whom he is in love. And Harry feels lonely, seeing Ron and Hermione whispering behind him, he knows that his friends have a common, critical feeling towards him. Secondly, Ron thinks that his mother would prefer Harry to a son like Ron.
These fears of Ron were used by Voldemort when Ron destroyed the medallion that served as a Horcrux (*). Harry then became an unwitting witness to the material embodiment of Ron's fears, and this did not at all make him laugh at his friend, but, on the contrary, revealed to him the secret of Ron's anger towards himself. Their relationship and friendship regains their original purity and sincerity after this incident.
Harry and Ron have a tense relationship with Hermione at the beginning of the story. Hermione gives the impression of a creepy cunning, creeping into her own business.
“No wonder no one can stand her,” he [Ron] muttered as they tried to force their way through the crowd of schoolchildren that filled the corridor. "To be honest, she's a real nightmare."
Hermione hears this statement by Ron and is greatly offended. Harry and Ron feel guilty, they save Hermione in trouble, after which they become friends with her. Hermione reduced her arrogance, became calmer, realized that knowing spells and reading a lot of books is nothing if you have no friends.
"I AM? And that I am mind and books, that's all! But it turns out that there are much more important things - for example, friendship and courage. "
Hermione learns to respect the opinions of others and to compromise. She has always been the brain of the inseparable trinity. If Harry was a ringleader, a leader, a leader; Ron is a joker, the only one of the three who grew up in a family of wizards; then Hermione's brain. She knew all the spells of the school course and even more, often visited the library, could find a way out of any situation and the answer to any question. Dumbledore praised her for her "ability to use cold logic in the face of flames."
_________
* Horcrux - an object or living creature that contains a part of the magician's soul.

Hermione has a strong character, always defends her point of view. But due to the feminine principle in herself, she is softer, understanding, she is a unifying link, ready to support, comfort, reconcile the boys, for whom, as friends, she feels the same sympathy.
Hermione never fights with Harry (argues, but not fights!). He even complains to him when Ron meets another girl, not noticing her tender feelings for him. In the seventh part (Deathly Hallows), she stays with Harry when Ron leaves his friend, but cries into the pillow, missing his lover and regretting his quarrel with Harry.
Harry has extremely brotherly feelings for her.
For all three, friendship was very important, they could not live without communication and support from each other. Only with Ron and Hermione did Harry feel "at home." They were his hope, happiness, light among all the terrible events that took place around.
"Happiness can be found even in dark times, if you remember to turn to the light."
They held on to each other, it was friendship that helped them survive, not go crazy, not lose their sense of humor.
Harry was also friends with Neville Longbottom, Luna Lovegood and Ginny Weasley, who later became his wife. In the sometimes ridiculous, awkward Neville, Harry appreciated kindness, courage, simplicity, the willingness to risk himself for his friends, as well as the ability to defend his point of view without fear of condemnation.
“You have to be brave enough to face the enemy. But no less courage is required to resist friends. "
In Luna, the weirdo girl who was called by many as crazy, Harry respected a reluctance to obey stereotypes. She did not think about what people would think of her, but simply was herself, not afraid to flaunt all her oddities. We think it is Luna's spontaneity and sincerity that is so attractive in her.
Ginny attracts with courage, mischief, gaiety.
Harry was friends, or rather, had good relations, with almost everyone at Hogwarts, who in one way or another possessed such qualities as courage, kindness, loyalty, self-sacrifice, the ability to defend their point of view.
Psychologist Nemov R.S. believes: “Comradeship is in the first place in the relationship of adolescents. The atmosphere of such relations is based on the "code of partnership", which includes respect for the personal dignity of another person, equality, loyalty, honesty, decency, and willingness to help. Especially in teenage groups, selfishness, greed, violations of the word, betrayal to a friend, conceit, desire to command, unwillingness to reckon with the opinions of comrades are condemned. " The relationship between Harry and his friends is based on the same "camaraderie" code.
3.2 The meaning of love in a peaceful life and in war
“There is a room in the Department of Secrets that is always kept locked. It contains a power that is both more wonderful and more terrible than death, than the human mind, than the power of nature. Perhaps it is also the most mysterious of all the treasures that are stored there.
The name of this rescue force is love. "
Love in "Harry Potter" is present in all its manifestations: friendly, parental and love that arises between a man and a woman. It is about the latter that we will talk about.
In the fourth book of the series ("Goblet of Fire"), Harry first shows sympathy for the girl (Zhou Chang). This cannot be called love, falling in love, it is rather a curious boyish interest. Harry longed for new sensations and therefore mistook interest for falling in love. Such experiences are familiar to children 12-14 years old, these are the first awkward, slightly awkward, attempts to feel the feminine or masculine principle in themselves, to prove themselves, to become noticed by the opposite sex.
“... adolescents also develop an interest in a friend of the opposite sex, a desire to please and, as a result, there is increased attention to their appearance, clothes, demeanor. In the beginning, interest in a person of the opposite sex often acquires an unusual outward manifestation characteristic of youngsters, ”says R.S. Nemov. These qualities are manifested in Harry and his peers.
In the fifth book ("Order of the Phoenix"), the intrigue of "Harry-Chou" continues. Here, for the first time, the reader sees another Harry - not a boy who always gets into adventures, but a young man who is capable of such feelings as love, jealousy, sweet sadness. Here we will experience the impressions of the first kiss, the euphoria of falling in love and the bitterness of betrayal, i.e. the book grows with the reader, moving away from the genre of a children's fairy tale to a teenage adventure novel.
In the sixth book ("The Half-Blood Prince") Harry suddenly feels in love with his best friend's sister Ginny Weasley. And then Harry realizes that his feelings for Ginny are something more serious than for Cho. Ginny is the embodiment of contradictions: when she first saw Harry on the pages of the second book ("The Chamber of Secrets"), she behaves like a child, runs away from him, in the fifth ("Order of the Phoenix") she becomes his close friend, and then girl. She is the personification of calmness, care, understanding, home comfort, and at the same time, she is able to rush headlong into adventures with the main characters. We believe that it was this mysterious combination in her that attracted Harry.
In the seventh book (Deathly Hallows), Harry leaves Ginny, sacrificing their relationship to his duty, a mission. And just how easily Ginny lets him go - does not dissuade him, but humbly accepts his decision - shows how much she loves. Ginny loves, not dependent on Harry.
“So you were busy, you saved everything and saved the wizarding world,” Ginny replied with a little chuckle. - Okay, I can't say that you surprised me. I knew sooner or later it would happen. I knew that you would not be happy until you overtake Voldemort. Maybe that's why I like you so much. "
“I couldn't think of what to get you,” she said.
- Yes, you shouldn't do anything ...
She also ignored these words.
“I didn't know what might be useful. Something not very big, because otherwise you won't be able to take it with you.
Harry decided to look at her. There were no tears on Ginny's face - one of her many wonderful qualities was that she rarely cried. Harry sometimes thought that having six brothers had tempered her.
Ginny took a step closer to him.
- And I thought, I need to give you something that you would remember, you know? Suddenly, going about your business, you will meet some Veila (*).
__________
* Veila is a magical creature, in a calm state similar to a beautiful charming woman. Anger is the exact opposite.

To be honest, I think that there will be few opportunities for me to date girls.
“That hope alone comforts me,” she whispered and kissed him in a way she had never kissed before, and Harry returned the kiss, sinking into a blissful oblivion that no fiery whiskey could give. Ginny turned into the only thing that was in the present world - the sensation of touching her, one hand on her back, the other on her long, sweet-smelling hair ... ".
She accepts and respects his decision with a slight reproach to jealousy and sadness. Nevertheless, she remains faithful to him, misses, waits and hopes during this year; but Ginny is not subservient to him, she retains her individuality against the background of boundless love for Harry. And Harry, deeply in love with her, returns, no longer burdened with a sense of duty and responsibility for the entire magical world.
In the epilogue, we see the matured heroes, already with their own children. And even the choice of names for children - Lily (in honor of Harry's mother), James (in honor of his father), Albus-Severus (in honor of people who are significant to Harry) - speaks of how much Ginny values ​​and respects Harry's past and his feelings. ... Their relationship is based on mutual respect, understanding, mutual assistance and, of course, pure, sincere love.
The standard of love for Harry was the relationship of his parents. We think just the way James loved Lily, Harry loved Ginny.
Ron and Hermione, having gone through many quarrels, resentments, misunderstandings, in the seventh part ("The Deathly Hallows") finally find the strength to admit that they have long been in love with each other. Even in the sixth book (The Half-Blood Prince), Hermione knew that she was in love with Ron and was jealous of him. But what really brought them together was the alarming misunderstanding of the situation, Harry's plan to search for the Horcruxes in the seventh book ("The Deathly Hallows"). In addition, Ron often cannot get out on his own. Hermione always knows all the answers, is confident and independent. So they complement each other: Ron gives Hermione the missing lightness, simplicity, and Hermione Ron gives responsibility and seriousness.
In the epilogue, they have a wonderful relationship, but it seems that the head of the family is still Hermione.
Love in the Harry Potter books is opposed to death, is the only force that can defeat Death itself.
In the memoirs of the great Russian classic Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy, we came across such a statement, which is very appropriate to the topic we are considering:
“Love destroys death and turns it into an empty ghost; she
it turns life from nonsense into something meaningful and makes happiness out of misery. "

3.3 Sense of duty
The feeling of duty did not leave the protagonist throughout the story, but as he grew older, this feeling became deeper and more conscious.
First of all, Harry believed that he should avenge his parents. He was also convinced that it was he, and no one else, who was obliged to save the entire magical community.
In modern psychology, this feature of a person's character is said as follows: “The sense of duty is based on a person's awareness of the public interests of his people and his obligations towards them. However, this is not a cold, rational knowledge of one's duties to the people, but a deep experience of duties. If a person rejoices in the successes of his people, the team, as sincerely as his own successes, considers the successes of his team as his own successes, then the duty for him is not only knowledge, but also a deep feeling ”.
In recent books, Harry has prioritized his sense of duty above his other feelings.
"... I must kill him."
“Ginny, listen,” he said in a low voice to the growing noise of the conversations that were already being started by people getting up from their chairs. - I cannot be near you. We are not allowed to meet again. We can not be together.
She answered with a strange, crooked smile:
“And it's all for some stupid, sublime reason, right?
“The last few weeks I spent with you were… they were like they belonged to another life,” Harry said. "But I cannot, ... we cannot, ... there are things that I have to do alone."

3.4 Sense of justice
The desire for justice manifests itself in Harry already in the first book ("The Sorcerer's Stone"), where he takes the stolen thing of his classmate Neville from Malfoy.
“- Look! - shouted Malfoy, rushing forward and lifting something from the ground. - This is the same stupid thing that his grandmother sent him.
The reminder sparkled in the sun.
"Give it to me, Malfoy," Harry said quietly. Everyone froze and turned to him.
Malfoy chuckled insolently.
- I think I'll put it somewhere so Longbottom can get it out of there later, for example, on a tree.
- Give it to me! Harry yelled, but Malfoy jumped on his broom and took off into the air. It seemed that he was not lying about the fact that he really can fly, and now he hovered easily over the top of a spreading oak that grew near the platform.
- And you take it away from me, Potter! he offered loudly from above.
Harry grabbed a broom. "
Harry always stood up for the weak. He is fair in relation to others, but not always in relation to himself, which is expressed in frequent "self-criticism" (especially in the fifth part of "Order of the Phoenix" and the seventh "Deathly Hallows")

3.5 Maternal love and self-sacrifice
The basis of the whole work is maternal love, without it Harry would have died before the first page of the book. Lily Potter covered her child with herself, thereby sacrificing herself. Her love became an obstacle protecting Harry until he was seventeen, i.e. until the age of majority.
Subconsciously, a person feels a barrier that protects him from external influences, while his parents are responsible for him: until the age of majority. Therefore, we perceive these two lives - before adulthood and after reaching adulthood - as two different ones.
Harry is deprived of parents, so the author's light hand "conjured" this protection to him, which, however, does not take the form of "energy fields", "hemispheres" that can be found as a protective barrier that has no hidden meaning in other science fiction books. Harry's defense is not external, not tangible.
“- Your mother died trying to save you. If there is something in the world that Voldemort cannot understand, it is love. He could not realize that love - such a strong love that your mother felt for you - leaves its mark. This is not a scar, this trace is generally invisible ... If you are loved so deeply, then even when a person who loves you dies, you still remain under his protection. "
On a subconscious level, we all feel this protection - the protection of my mother's heart, or rather a part of it, which she gives us irrevocably when we are just born. This is a talisman, a talisman, forever stored in us.
In the last part ("The Deathly Hallows") in a duel between Bellatrix Lestrange and Molly Weasley, the solemnity of this moment is shown, a hymn of true, all-conquering love sounds.
“Mrs. Weasley shed her robes as she ran, freeing her hands. Bellatrix turned sharply - and burst out laughing at the sight of her new opponent.
- FROM THE ROAD! Mrs. Weasley shouted to the three girls, grabbed her wand and rushed into battle. Harry watched with horror and delight as the magic wand whipped and twisted in Molly Weasley's hands, and the smile disappeared from Bellatrix Lestrange's face, turning into a vicious grimace. Streams of flame poured from both sticks, the floor under the sorceresses' feet was hot and cracked; both fought to the death.
- No! Mrs. Weasley shouted to the schoolchildren who rushed to her aid. - Go away! Get out of here! She is mine!
Hundreds of spectators now stood along the walls, watching the two fighting groups: Voldemort and his three opponents and Bellatrix and Molly.<…>
- What will become of your children when I kill you? Bellatrix teased, as mad as her master, dodging Molly's spells dancing around her. - When will mommy go after Freddichka?
- You will never touch our children again! Mrs. Weasley shouted.
Bellatrix laughed an ecstatic laugh - exactly the same Harry heard from her cousin Sirius a moment before he fell forward with his back through the curtain ... And suddenly Harry realized what was about to happen, even before it happened.
Molly's curse swept under Bellatrix's outstretched hand and hit her in the chest, just above her heart.
A malevolent smile died on Bellatrix's lips, eyes rolling out of their sockets. For a moment she understood what had happened, and then slowly fell over on her back, and the crowd of spectators began to rustle, and Voldemort screamed. "
This is not only a struggle between Good and Evil, purity and dirt, but also a struggle between selfless all-encompassing maternal love and servile adoration (like Bellatrix's to her master), leading to madness.

§ 4. Social aspects:

Sociological issues lie in the work much deeper than psychological ones, and require more careful consideration.
Here we again cite the opinion of the lecturer of the Samara Humanitarian Academy N. Yu. Bykova, which absolutely corresponds to our views on the social aspects of the work: mass media, the relationship between ethics and science.
Rowling does not preach, by no means. She shows with specific examples of the fate of her heroes what the position of tacit conciliation or resistance to the pressure of circumstances leads to when a person defends his right to act according to his conscience.

4.1 Attitude towards chauvinism, expressed in relation to the purity of the blood of the heroes of the books
We think Rowling expresses his negative attitude towards the problems of chauvinism in any of its manifestations through the relationship of purebred and mudblooded wizards. Malfoys and other Slytherins and their families embody chauvinism, many of them become Death Eaters, even their clothes resemble the robes and caps of the Ku Klux Klan (*). In this case, Mudbloods and Squibs *, in their opinion, should be slaves or have no right to exist at all. The same thing happened before the introduction of the amendment to the US Constitution on the abolition of slavery, adopted on January 31, 1865. Half-breeds are actually a shameful mixture of white and African American.
The main characters are waging a fierce struggle against "chauvinism", proving, using the example of the same Hermione, that in purely human qualities and mental abilities they are oppressed or despised due to various
_______
* The Ku Klux Klan (English Ku Klux Klan) - an ultra-right organization in the United States, terrorist methods defended such extremist ideas as white supremacy, white nationalism.
* Squib is a person born into a family of wizards, but completely devoid of magical abilities. It must still be admitted that the possibilities of the Squibs are wider than that of the Muggles. So they can see dementors, communicate with animals at a higher level.

Prejudice people are capable of not only equalizing, but also surpassing their oppressors.
This, in principle, is what anti-chauvinistic, anti-racist, anti-nationalist groups are promoting. The main idea behind such ventures is that all people are equal, regardless of skin color, nationality, political, religious or personal beliefs.
However, this struggle often turns out to be fruitless, since the negative attitude towards "mudbloods" is absorbed by ardent propagandists of "pure blood" with mother's milk.
In the person of Harry, Ron, Neville and other friends, Harry Rowling shows his attitude towards various forms of national and racial intolerance. The author believes that people should be judged by their human qualities.
We think this is another positive quality of the Harry Potter books for children and adults: the book instills a love of mankind and an awareness of the equality of people of different backgrounds or beliefs.
4.2 Attitudes towards AIDS patients expressed in relation to heroes towards werewolves
In werewolves, Rowling, in our opinion, embodied people suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
If in our society they find out about the existence of such a person nearby, they immediately begin to avoid him (so as not to infect themselves or their reputation), despise (they say, he is to blame), thereby driving the person into the deepest depression, leading to self-isolation from society.
Today, it never occurs to anyone to promote tolerance and support for such people. You often come across leaflets like "Beware of AIDS!" or "Caution, AIDS!"
Rowling embodied these reflections in the contrasting attitude of wizards to werewolves, for example, she gave Lupine support and assistance in the person of Dumbledore, while many other werewolves were undeservedly discriminated against. Remus did not care for any attacks only when he found allies and friends: Dumbledore, and then
James, Sirius and Peter. They were the first to support him and instill in him hope and self-confidence.
The birth of a healthy child in Lupine (in the seventh book of the Deathly Hallows) means that in life one should never despair and lose hope.
It is also worth noting here that Rowling shows not only werewolves suffering from public contempt, like Lupine, but also those who, embittered by their incurable disease, begin to deliberately infect other wizards by spreading a dangerous virus. We are talking about one of the Death Eaters, the werewolf Siwom, who infected Lupine when he was still a child. In our society, there are also people with AIDS who know about it, but continue to lead an ordinary life, thereby deliberately exposing others to danger (leading a promiscuous sex life or donating blood as donors).
4.3 Attitudes towards fascism expressed in relation to Death Eaters towards Muggles
Another very important sociological issue considered by Rowling in his work is the issue of fascism.
In the seventh book ("The Deathly Hallows"), we get to know more about the ideology of the Death Eaters (when they come to power), which absolutely corresponds to the fascist: the need to use extreme forms of violence against dissenting opposition, the superiority of wizards over Muggles (racism), the superiority of purebred wizards over the dirty-blooded (chauvinism), the omnipotence of the Ministry of Magic, leaderism (Voldemort as Fuhrer), an aggressive policy.
Noteworthy is the moment Harry enters the Ministry of Magic after the Death Eaters came to power.
“The huge atrium seemed darker than the one that Harry remembered. It used to be a golden fountain in the center, casting iridescent patches of light onto the polished wood floor and walls. Now a colossal statue of black stone reigned over everything. She looked intimidating - a huge statue of a sorcerer and a sorceress, who, sitting on carved thrones, looked down at the officials of the Ministry rolling out of the fireplaces. On the base of the statue were the words, each one foot high, MAGIC - POWER.
“... what he took for carved thrones were actually mounds made of human bodies: hundreds and hundreds of naked men, women and children, all with dull, ugly faces, were intertwined and compressed to support the weight of the robed in the beautiful robes of sorcerers.
-Muggles, -<…>"In their place."
This once again resembles fascist slogans and methods of dealing with those who did not correspond to the fascists' ideas about ideal members of society. Recall that Hitler declared the Germans to be the "highest" Aryan race, which, having cleansed itself of the "dirty-blooded" Aryans, mentally ill people and representatives of other races, should conquer the whole world. Voldemort with the Death Eaters pursues the same goals in a slightly artistically modified version.
The way the democratic opposition in the person of the Order of the Phoenix and its supporters struggle with difficulty and ultimately defeats the fascist dictatorship of Voldemort and the Death Eaters shows the author's vision of fascism.

§ 5 Onomastics:

5.1 Meaning of names, places, attributes used in the text
Another fact proving that "Harry Potter" is not just a children's fairy tale, but a serious work that requires deep study, is the presence of "talking" names, names with a well-defined history.
(In the following we refer to the investigation conducted by the Discovery Channel).
King's Cross Station. Platform 9;
According to legend, a warrior queen who challenged the Roman Empire and expelled the Romans from Britain is buried under this platform. She was killed in the second invasion of the Roman legions. She, like Harry, challenged the forces of evil and injustice, more powerful, but powerless in the face of justice and honor. The warrior queen ended her journey where Rowling sent Harry to life.
Gringotts Bank
It has as its prototype the London silver depository, where the rarest exhibits (including specimens of the 13th century) are kept. The vault is under serious protection.
Goblins
They have existed for a long time in literature, they had in themselves some harm in relation to people. But they never wished them harm, they only maintained indifference and composure to human passions. It is these qualities that make them ideal bankers: they have no emotional connection with people.
School uniform
Black robes were used by witches to hide in the dark in case of danger. Pointed hats: according to legend, sorcerers were worn over their heads in order to accumulate energy within themselves and release it through the end of the hat.
Many of the tools that Harry used at school were previously used for rituals related to nature worship:
Boiler
It personifies the earth, the mother's womb, and therefore fertility, longevity, life.
Magic wand
Shamans still use a stick to concentrate energy in it. She, like Harry, is being chosen for a long time. A holly and phoenix feather wand approached Harry.

Owl
It is also a symbol of ancient witchcraft traditions, associated with protection, warning of danger. BUT! Wild owls are stupid enough and poorly see in the dark due to binocular vision, therefore, they cannot deliver letters even in purely physiological terms.

Lady in Gray
It could have a prototype in the person of the Lady of Chillington, who, like the Gray Lady, was abandoned by her beloved. Mary Barkley is the name of the real Lady in Gray.

Draco Malfoy
The name is taken from Greek mythology. There Draco was a ruler who made laws so cruel that they were called "draconian".
Narcissa
Draco's mother's name comes from the Greek myth of a young man who was engaged in narcissism.

Hagrid
The name is taken from the myth of the Greek hero, expelled from heaven, but remained the keeper of animals for Zeus, which is quite consistent with the image of Rubeus Hagrid.

Three-headed dog
Existed in Greek mythology as a guard dog Cerberus.

Centaurs
Classical representatives of mythology with a human upper body and a horse lower body.

Unicorns
They were searched for many centuries, because the properties of their horns were considered healing

Philosopher's Stone
It was created by the French alchemist Nicolas Flamel, who claimed his invention in the XIV century. He died in 1417, and it was rumored that he had overcome death with his invention. Two centuries later, his grave was opened and found to be empty.

The names of the founders of Hogwarts:

Godric Gryffindor
"Godric" literally means "the power of God," is an Old English name. "Gryffindor" refers to ancient mythology, where a griffin with the body of an eagle and the head of a lion (the symbol of the faculty) guarded the gold of the gods. The griffin is also a symbol of courage, and, as we remember, brave men study at the faculty.
"Gryffindor, a glorious one,
That the brave men learn there.
Their hearts are full of courage and strength,
Besides, they are noble. "

Salazar Slytherin
"Salazar" is not an English name. Antonio de Salazar was the fascist dictator of Portugal, which is quite consistent with the beliefs and ideas of Salazar Slytherin (the idea of ​​inequality of dirty and pureblood wizards).
"Slytherin": the surname is consonant with the verb "to slither" (to slide, to crawl), which is associated with a snake (symbol of the house). In the Russian version, the surname of Salazar is consonant with the word "slime", which causes certain unpleasant associations that are quite consistent with the image that bears this surname.

Penelope Hufflepuff
It has no special separate meaning (as the Hufflepuff faculty does not play a leading role in any of the stories). The only thing is that the original sound (the first syllable "bang") + the play of sounds is associated with shortness of breath, heavy movement, which creates a comic image. The ghost of this faculty, the Fat Monk, lives up to its name.

Candida Ravenclaw
"Ravenclaw" is actually "ravenclaw" (originally ravenclow), but the emblem of the faculty is an eagle, which reveals some inaccuracy.

Albus Dumbledore
"Albus" - translated from the Latin "white", ie he is the focus of good. "Albion" is a cognate word - a medieval poetic name for England. "Dumbledore" is a medieval name for a bumblebee, therefore it is an ancient family name. The surname also reminds of the eccentricity of its owner, who is constantly buzzing something under his breath.

Agrus Filch
"Argus" is the name of the many-eyed mythical monster, which corresponds to his image of the guardian of order. "Filch" is a surname that is the opposite of the name, meaning "stealing". This discrepancy creates a kind of comic character.

Mrs Norris
A reference to the unpleasant person from the novel by J. Austin. There Mrs. Norris is a prude who crawls out of her own business, which characterizes Filch's cat.
Severus Snape
A name that speaks only partially. The surname "Snape" (original version) is the name of a village in the north of England. This reminds the reader that Snape's father was an ordinary Muggle who did not stand out in anything special. You can also see consonance with the verb "to snap" (to grab), the noun "snap" (click) or "snake" (snake), none of which contradict the image of the harsh professor. The name can be associated with several historical figures. Lucius Septileus Sevrus (correct form of transcription) is a commander who restored stability in the Roman Empire after another civil war. He was a hero, like Snape. Another historical character is the Holy Martyr Sevrus of Alexandria, who lived in the 4th century AD, who was executed for publicly proclaiming his faith along with Luke (the Latinized name Lucius, which reminds of Malfoy the elder) and Peter (Peter Pettigrew, who paid for a second glimpse of mercy ). All of them are canonized. According to the plot of "Harry Potter", Severus and Peter are actually executed for something good, like the Holy Martyrs, and Lucius is severely punished.

Minerva McGonagall
The name Minerva comes from Greek mythology, where he was worn by the goddess of wisdom. "McGonagall" is a Scottish surname, in the 19th century in Scotland there was a poet William McGonagall, who had a reputation as the worst poet in Scotland, but continued to write poetry. From him, Minerva is stubborn, despite the wisdom that often puts her in a comic position.

Tom Marvolo Riddle
= Lord Voldemort. "Riddle" - a riddle (the story of the Dark Lord remains a mystery until the last chapters). An interesting language game is observed in this name - an anagram, during which the “riddle” in the name changes to something like “Lord of Death” (Lord- as a lord, ruler, and Mortem- (lat.) Death). In the Russian translation, the name is adapted to the Russian reader, for whom it is unambiguously associated with Bulgakov's Woland.

Last name Weasley
Means a small animal in the forest. This is probably why the family house is called "Nora".
In addition, all the males of the Weasley family are named after the English kings of various eras, except for Ron. In the final book (The Deathly Hallows), one of the Weasley twins, George, loses an ear during an attack by the Death Eaters, and at the end of the book, Fred, his twin brother, is killed. A similar thing was observed in the royal family, where George, who was deaf in one ear, became king due to the death of his brother Fred.
The name of Ron, translated from Old Norse, means "advising the sovereign."
Harry
Also, the hidden Norman name Henry, meaning "ruler", "leader", can be found in the name of the protagonist. "Potter" can be associated with the word "Potterfield", which means a place in a cemetery intended for the burial of beggars and orphans (and Harry is an orphan). The place was considered cursed, some curse rests on Harry.

§ 6 final part
In our work, we examined the moral, psychological, social and linguistic aspects of the Harry Potter book series. We tried to prove that this work does not contradict the moral and moral principles that parents bring up in their children. These books foster humanity and tolerance.
We believe that "Harry Potter" does not contradict the Orthodox faith either. On the contrary, the books about the wizard boy praise and support those human qualities and actions that guide and characterize the teachings of the Christian Church: love for one's neighbor, respect for parents, self-sacrifice for the sake of others.
"Harry Potter" does not contradict the Bible in matters of life and death: it suppresses and severely punishes an attempt to take control over death, a power that is not given to any person.
We have proved that this work cannot be considered only as a children's fairy tale, that it is filled with a moral meaning both for a developing character and for a fully formed one. Our work carries a deep meaning and, in our opinion, the work is worthy of being studied at the level of the school curriculum, for example, in extracurricular reading lessons.
I would like to note that the aspects considered by us are far from the entire spectrum of facts that need to be studied in the works of J.K.Rowling about Harry Potter. For example, one of the interesting areas for research in this work is history, temporal coincidences with the world of Muggles (*).
Among other things, there is one more topic that was not included in this work, but it is interesting for us. Perhaps we will continue our study of the Harry Potter series of books by exploring issues of political science: such as government, institutions of power, corruption, opposition movement, etc.
Well, that is, perhaps, all that we can say about the argument of this work. We've just touched the tip of the iceberg in this series of truly magical books!

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* Joan Rowling compares the monstrous tyranny of Grindelwald in the wizarding world with the time of the prosperity and heyday of fascism with Hitler at its head. Therefore, she creates Dumbledore's victory over Grindelwald to coincide with the victory of the Soviet Union in the war with Nazi Germany in 1945.

Bibliography:
1. JK Rowling "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone". - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2005.
2. JK Rowling "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets". - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2005.
3. JK Rowling "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban". - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006.
4. JK Rowling "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire". –M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006.
5. J.K. Rowling "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix". - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006.
6. JK Rowling "Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince". - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2006.
7. JK Rowling "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows". - M .: Rosmen-Press, 2007.
8. The film "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban." - 2004.
9. Encyclopedia "Wisdom of the Millennia". –M .: Olma-Press, 2004.
10. AS Makarenko "Speeches on the issues of family education." - Op. Moscow: APN RSFSR, 1957, vol. IV.
11.V. A. Krutetsky "Psychology". –M .: Education, 1980.
12. RS Nemov "Psychology". –M .: Humanit. ed. center VLADOS, 1997.
13. Lecture on October 1, 2012 by Irina Dubrovina, Associate Professor of the Department of English Philology of the Institute of Philology and Journalism at SSU, "Speaking names in translations of Harry Potter books."
14. The documentary “Discovery. Discovering the Real World of Harry Potter. " - 2006.
15. Scientific-practical conference 11/14/2009 "Actual problems of the study of literature in the university and school" N. Yu. Bykova, Samara Humanitarian Academy.
16. A. Kuraev "'Harry Potter' in the Church: between anathema and a smile."
17. N. Smelzer "Sociology: trans. from English ". -M .: Phoenix, 1994.
18. A. Kurpatov "The remedy for fear." –M .: Olma Media Group, 2007.

1. (48 words) True friends are always sensitive to each other. The hero of the novel of the same name by A.S. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin, allowed himself a cruel joke in relation to his friend Lensky. He did not take into account that he could take everything to heart, and a rash act turned into a tragedy. Their relationship was not true friendship.
2. (48 words) Unfortunately, often under the pretext of friendship, one person uses another. Such a case occurs in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's "Matryonin Dvor". Matryona's friends, taking advantage of her kindness, constantly ask her to help with the housework - of course, for free. But they know very well that she already has a lot to do, but their own benefit is more important to them.
3. (38 words) An example of sincere, tender friendship is the communication between Makar Devushkin and Varvara Dobrosyolova from F.M. Dostoevsky. Despite poverty and difficulties in life, each of the heroes cares more about the well-being of the other than about his own, which is reflected in their touching letters.
4. (59 words) "There is no use in who forgets old friends!" - so says Maxim Maksimych, one of the characters in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "A Hero of Our Time". He considered Pechorin a close friend and was very glad to meet again, but in return received only a cold handshake. This upset the poor old man to tears. By the way, Pechorin was punished by fate: he remained alone until the end of his life.
5. (49 words) A somewhat unusual friendship arose between the main characters of the novel by Ilf and Petrov "The Twelve Chairs". It would seem that Ostap and Ippolit Matveyevich are not only companions in a common cause, but also rivals in the struggle for precious loot - however, they go all the way together, and only in the end the proximity of the goal destroys their friendly relationship.
6. (46 words) True friendship implies equality. In W. Golding's novel Lord of the Flies, children left without adults quickly divided into leaders and subordinates, and only a few retained the ability to be friends. One of these characters is the boy Piggy, who does not abandon his friend Ralph, even when he turns from the leader into an outcast.
7. (48 words) It is known that a friend is known in trouble. The hero of Mine Reed's novel "The Headless Horseman", Maurice Gerald was falsely accused of a terrible crime, but could not prove anything due to his dimmed consciousness. His comrade, the hunter Zebulon Stump, did everything possible to restore justice, and he succeeded: the real culprit was punished.
8. (57 words) In A. de Saint-Exupery's story-tale “The Little Prince”, the words of Fox describe what friendship should be: “We will need each other. You will be the only one in the whole world for me. And I will be one for you in the whole world ... ". He also tells the Little Prince that when parting with a friend, bitterness is inevitable, but at the same time, pleasant memories will remain forever.
9. (41 words) The idea of ​​the importance of friendship permeates JK Rowling's fantasy novel Harry Potter. Supporting each other in grief and joy, the heroes can more easily cope with personal problems and overcome life's difficulties. But most importantly: only together they form a force capable of resisting evil.
10. (41 words) The story of friendship between a man and a wolf is told by J. London in the book "White Fang". The most amazing thing is that people caused White Fang a lot of harm, but the kindness of the last owner worked a miracle with the wild beast. He did not remain in debt and became a devoted protector of the whole family.

Real life examples

1. (51 words) The best friendship is that which is forever. But I know of a more striking case when even death did not become the reason for its end. Two of my father's acquaintances fought together in a hot spot. One died, and the second is still (and more than twenty years have passed!) Helping his friend's elderly mother in memory of him.
2. (53 words) There is a good parable about friendship. It is about an old man with a dog who walked for a long time and were very tired. Suddenly an oasis appeared on the way, but the animals were not allowed to go there. The old man did not abandon his friend and walked past. They soon reached the farm, and the owner let them both in. A real comrade in trouble will not leave.
3. (33 words) In L. Hallström's film "Hachiko", a real friendship arises between the heroes, which defeated death. The professor has given shelter to a stray puppy who is used to meeting the savior from work. The faithful dog was waiting for its master even when he died.
4. (48 words) It's no secret that the strongest friendship is born during the student period. Indeed, at this time people have already formed as individuals, therefore, connections are usually established between those who are close in spirit. It is known that Boris Yeltsin met with former classmates every year and did not change his tradition, even when he became president.
5. (43 words) They say, "a friend is known in trouble." This is clearly seen in the Russian film adaptation of Dumas's novel The Three Musketeers. Yuri Ryashentsev wrote excellent songs praising the fighting brotherhood of heroes. Each of them, covering his comrade, intoned: "I will delay them, nothing!". In this phrase, all the power of male friendship breaks through.
6. (48 words) There are many films dedicated to the topic of friendship. One of my favorites is Yolki-1 by Timur Bekmambetov. In it, an orphan girl named Varya unwittingly lied that her dad was the president, and would wish her a Happy New Year. So what's now? Fortunately, Vova's faithful friend comes to the rescue, and thanks to his efforts, the impossible becomes possible.
7. (54 words) Nowadays, almost every person has several dozen or even hundreds of friends on social networks. Does this count as friendship? I am sure that yes, if you communicate a lot with the person, and it brings you joy. Moreover, with some of the Internet acquaintances I was lucky to meet in reality, and this only strengthened our affection.
8. (49 words) There is a common saying on the Internet: "A friend is not someone who communicates with you in their free time, but someone who frees up time to communicate with you." We can agree with this: when a person sacrifices his deeds for the sake of another, it means that he appreciates him; and if not - most likely, it is just a friendship that does not last long.
9. (45 words) Friendship is incompatible with selfishness - this is a fact. My friend Anya is a good example for me. I know I can always count on her. Once I urgently needed someone to come and sit with my younger brother while I was away. Anya agreed without hesitation, although she lives on the other side of the city.
10. (48 words) You can be friends not only with people. Aren't our pets really friends? My dog ​​is always waiting for me from school, and if he sees that I am upset about something, he tries to console me, for example, puts his head on his knees or calls me to play. And vice versa, when she sees that I am busy, she will not interfere.

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