Calo Frida (Kahlo Frida), Mexican artist and schedule, Wife of Diego River, Master of Surrealism. Frida Kalo was born in Mexico City in 1907, in the family of a Jewish photographer, originally from Germany. Mother - Spanish, born in America. At six years she suffered polio, and since then the right leg has become shorter and thinner left. At the age of eighteen, September 17, 1925, Kalo got into a car accident: the broken iron bar of the current collector tram stuck in the stomach and went out into the groin, reducing the hip bone. In three places, the spine was damaged, two hips and legs in eleven places were broken. Doctors could not vouch for her life. Began the agonizing months of fixed inaction. It was at that time that Kalo asked her father and paints from his father. For Frida Kalo made a special subframe, allowed to write lying. Under the Baldakhin Beds attached a large mirror to Freded Calo could see himself. She began with self-portrait. I am writing myself, because I spend a lot of time alone and because I am the theme that I know best.

In 1929, Frida Kalo enters the National Institute of Mexico. For the year spent almost in complete immobility, Calo was seriously fascinated by painting. After starting walking again, attended art school and in 1928 he joined the Communist Party. Her work highly appreciated the artist-Communist Diego Rivera.

At 22, Frida Kalo married him. Their family life buried passions. They could not always be together, but never apart. They were associated relations - passionate, obsessed and sometimes painful. The ancient sage said about such a relationship: it's impossible to live without you without you. Romantic halo washed with the relationship of Frida Calo with Trotsky. The Mexican artist admired the Tribune of the Russian Revolution, heavily worried his expulsion from the USSR and was happy that thanks to Diego River he found in Mexico shelter. Most of all in the life of Frida Kalo loved his life - and this magnet attracted men and women to her. Despite the painful physical suffering, she could have fun from the soul and broadcast. But the damaged spine is constantly reminded of himself. Periodically, Frida Kalo had to go to the hospital, almost constantly wear special corsets. In 1950, she made 7 operations on the spine, she spent 9 months on the hospital bed, after which she could only move in a wheelchair.

In 1952, Frida Calo amputated to the knee right leg. In 1953, the first personal exhibition Frida Kalo is held in Mexico City. Freeda Kalo does not smile on any self portrait: Serious, even a sorrowful face, threw thick eyebrows, a little prominent mustache over tightly compressed sensual lips. The ideas of her paintings are encrypted in detail, background, figures that appear next to Frieda. Calo symbolism relies on national traditions and is closely related to the Indian mythology of the Damispan period. Frida Kalo brilliantly knew the history of his homeland. A lot of genuine monuments of ancient culture that Diego River and Frida Kalo gathered a lifetime, is in the Garden of the Blue House (House Museum). Frida Kalo died of lung inflammation, a week after celebrated its 47th anniversary, July 13, 1954. Farewell to Frieda Calo took place in Belize Artes - Palace of Fine Arts. On the last path, Frido, together with Diego River, was accompanied by President Mexico Lasaro Cardenas, artists, writers - Sikeros, Emma Urtado, Victor Manuel Villauñore and other famous mexican figures.

Text: Maria Mikhantieva

Until the end of April in St. Petersburg passes the retrospective of Frida Kalo - Great Mexican artist, who has become a soul and heart of female painting throughout the world. On the life of Frida, it is customary to talk about the history of overcoming physical pain, however, as it usually happens, this is just one aspect of a complex and multifaceted path. Frida Kalo was not just his wife's recognized painter of Diego River or a symbol of spiritual and physical strength - the artist wrote all his life, pushing out his own internal contradictions, complex relationships with independence and love, telling about whom she knew best, to himself.

Frida Calo's biography is more or less known to everyone who watched the film Julie Teymore with Salma Hayek: carefree childhood and youth, a terrible accident, almost random painting, acquaintance with the artist Diego River, marriage and eternal status "everything is difficult." Pain physical, pain, self-portraits, abortions and miscarriages, communism, love novels, worldwide glory, slow fooling and long-awaited death: "I hope that care will be successful and I will no longer return," Sleeping Frida flies in eternity on the bed.

Whether his care was successful, we do not know, but the first twenty years after it seemed that the desire of Frida was fulfilled: they forgot about it everywhere, except for Native Mexico, where the house-museum was almost immediately opened. In the late 1970s, on the wave of interest in female art and neomekysikanism, her work began occasionally appearing at exhibitions. Nevertheless, in 1981, in the dictionary of contemporary art The Oxford Companion to Twientieth-Century Art, she was only charged with one line: "Kahlo, Frida. See Rivera, Diego Maria.

"There were two accidents in my life: one - when the bus crashed into the tram, the other is Diego," Frieda said. The first accident made her start writing paintings, the second made the artist. The first all my life responded with physical pain, the second hurt the soul. Two of these experiences later became the main topics of her paintings. If the car accident was indeed a fatal accident (Frida had to go in another bus, but he went halfway to look for a forgotten umbrella), then difficult relationships (in the end, Diego Rivera was not the only one) were inevitable due to the contradictions of her nature, in which force and independence combined with sacrifice and obsession.

"Frida and Diego Rivera", 1931

To be strong had to learn more in childhood: first helping the father to survive the attacks of epilepsy, and then coping with the consequences of polio. Frida was engaged in football and boxing; The school included in the "Kacchum" - hooligans and intellectuals. When the leadership of the educational institution invited to fulfill the Wall painting Riverur, then the wizard was already a recognized master, she swayed with soap stairs to see how this man with the face of the toad and the elephant's physique slipped. She considered the girls' company banal, preferred to be friends with the boys and met with the most popular and clever of them, who also studied for several classes older.

But having fallen in love, Frida seemed to lose the mind that was so appreciated in humans. She could literally pursue the object of his passion, throwing letters, sewing and manipulating, everything is to play the role of the right companion. So at first was her marriage with Diego River. They both changed, diverged and converged again, but if you believe the memories of friends, Frida more often inferior, trying to preserve relationships. "She appealed to him, as with his favorite dog, he recalled one of the girlfriends. "He's with her, like a beloved thing." Even on the "wedding" portrait "Frida and Diego Rivera", only one of two artists is depicted with professional attributes, palette and tassels - and this is not Frida.

So far, Diego Days wrote frescoes, spending the baskets at night, she wore him baskets with dinners, engaged in accounts, saved to such medical procedures to her (Diego spent mad money for his collection of pre-colombian statues), listened carefully and accompanied at exhibitions. Under the influence of the husband, her paintings were changing: if the very first portraits of Frida wrote, imitating the Renaissance artists from the albums in art, thanks to the national traditions of Mexico penetrated in them: naivety Retablo, Indian motives and aesthetics of Mexican Catholicism with his theatricalization of suffering, combining An image of bleeding wounds with a lifesty of flowers, lace and ribbons.

"Alejandro Gomez Arias", 1928

To please her husband, she even changed jeans and leather jackets on lush skirts and became "Teuan." This image was completely devoid of any authenticity, since Frida combined clothes and accessories of different social groups and eras, could put on the Indian skirt with Creole blouse and the work of Picasso's work. In the end, her ingenuity turned this masquerade into a separate type of art: starting to dress for her husband, she continued to create unique images for their own pleasure. In his diary, Frida noted that the costume is also a self-portrait; Her dresses became character characters, and now accompany them at exhibitions. If the paintings were a reflection of the inner storm, then the costumes were her armor. It is no coincidence in a year after the divorce appeared "Self-portrait with sliced \u200b\u200bhair", on which the place of skirts and the ribbons took a male costume - in a similar Frida somehow posed for a family portrait long before the meeting with Diego.

The first serious attempt to exit from under the influence of the husband was the solution to give birth. Natural childbirth was impossible, but there was hope for a cesarean section. Frida rushed. On the one hand, she passionately wanted to continue the genus, stretching further than the Red Ribbon, which she will later depict the "My grandparents, my parents", and I ", get a" Little Diego "in your disposal. On the other hand, Frida understood that the birth of a child would give her to the house, hurts work and remove from River, which was categorically against the children. In the first letters to a friend of the family, Dr. Leo Eloisser, pregnant Frida asks what option will cause less harm to her health, but, without waiting for an answer, herself makes a decision to preserve pregnancy and no longer retreats. Paradoxically, but the choice, which is usually imposed by the woman "by default", in the case of Frieda becomes a riot against the care of her husband.

Unfortunately, pregnancy ended with miscarriage. Instead of the "Little Diego", "Hospital Henry Ford" appeared on the world - one of the saddest works with which a series of "bloody" paintings began. Perhaps it was the first case in the history of art when the artist with the utmost, almost physiological honesty told precisely about female pain, so that the legs were cut into men. Four years later, the organizer of her Paris exhibition Pierre Colli did not even immediately decide to set these pictures, having considered them too shocking.

Finally, the part of the life of a woman who has always been shamefully hidden from extraneous eyes, was revealed
in the work of art

Unfortunately persecuted Frido: after the death of the child, she survived the death of the mother, and you can only guess what a blow to her another Roman Diego was, this time with her younger sister. She, nevertheless, vinyl herself and was ready to forgive, just not to become "hysterical" - her considerations on this score to pain like the eternal thesis that "". But in the case of Frieda humility and the ability to endure a hand in hand with a black humor and irony.

Feeling his secondaryness, insignificance of their feelings compared to the masculine, she brought this experience to the absurdity in the picture "A little small injections." "I just poked her several times," said a certain man who killed his girlfriend. Having learned about this story from newspapers, Frida wrote full sarcasm work, literally flooded with blood (spots of red paint "spilled" even on the frame). Above the bloody body, a woman stands a calm killer (his hat is hung on Diego), and on top, like a mockery, the name written on the ribbon, which is holding pigeons, so similar to the wedding decoration.

Among the fans of Rivera meets the opinion that the pictures of Frida are "salon painting." Perhaps at first, Fried herself would agree. She was always critical toward his own creativity, did not seek to drive a friendship with galleryrs and dealers, and when anyone bought her paintings, often complained that the money could be spent with more profitable. There was a share of coquetry, but, frankly, it is difficult to feel confident when your husband is a recognized Master, working in the day, and you are self-taught, with difficulty abolishing time for painting between household troubles and medical operations. "The works of a novice artist, are definitely significant and threaten with her famous husband who has been crowned with laurels," it was written in a press release to the first New York Frida exhibition (1938); "Baby Frida" - the author of the publication in Time called this. By the time the "beginning" "Baby" wrote for nine years.

"Roots", 1943

But the absence of great expectations gave full freedom. "I am writing myself, because I spend a lot of time alone and because I am the theme that I know best," Frieda said, and in appeal to this "topic" there was not only subjectivity, but also subjectivity. Women who posted Diego turned on his frescoes into the nameless allegory; Frida was always the main character. This position intensified by doubling portraits: she often wrote itself at the same time in different images and hypostatas. Large canvas "Two Frida" was created during the marriage process; On him, Frida wrote itself "beloved" (right, in Tehunskaya costume) and the "unloved" (in a Victorian dress, expiring blood), as if stating that now she herself "the second half". In the picture "My Birth", created shortly after the first miscarriage, she depicts himself in the form of a newborn, but obviously also associates with the mother's figure, whose face is hidden.

The above mentioned New York exhibition helped Frida to become freer. She first felt his independence: alone went to New York, got acquainted, received orders for portraits and started the novels because her husband was too busy, but because she liked so much. The exhibition was accepted as a whole favorably. Of course, there were critics who said that the pictures of Frida are too "gynecologic", but it was rather a compliment: finally, part of the life of a woman about which centuries aroused the theoretics of "female destiny", but which was always shyly hidden from extraneous eyes, was Manual in the work of art.

The New York exhibition was followed by Paris, arranged with the direct participation of Andre Breton, who considered Frida a prominent surrealist. She agreed to the exhibition, but the surrealism neatly died. There are many symbols on Frida's canvas, but there are no hints: everything is obvious, as an illustration of an anatomical satin, and at the same time he is converted by excellent humor. Surrealists inherent in surrealists and decaderty it was annoyed, their nightmares and Freudian projections seemed to be children's bastard compared to what she had a chance to survive in reality: "Since [Accident], I was an obsessed idea to portrait things like their eyes see, and nothing more". "She has no illusions," said Rivera.

roots, stems and fruits, and in the diary records refrain "Diego - my child."

It was impossible to be a husband with a native mother after a turn of operations on the spine and ammputations: first a pair of fingers on the right foot, then - all the legs. Frida habitually endured pain, but was afraid to lose mobility. Nevertheless, she brave: going to the operation, put on one of the best dresses, and for the prosthesis, I ordered a red leather boot with embroidery. Despite the difficult state, dependence on narcotic painkillers and mood swings, was preparing for the 25th anniversary of the first wedding and even persuaded Diego to take it to a communist demonstration. Continuing to work out of the last forces, at some point he thought about making their pictures more politicized, which seemed unthinkable after so many years spent on the image of personal experiences. Perhaps I will survive Freid's disease, we would learn it from a new, unexpected side. But pneumonia, praised on the very demonstration, broke the life of the artist on July 13, 1954.

"During the twelve years of work, everything that did not proceed from the internal lyrical motivation, which made me write, - explained Frida in the application for the Guggenheim Foundation Grant in 1940, - since my themes have always had their own feelings, the state of my reason and responses to The fact that life has invested in me, I often embodied in the form of myself, which was the most sincere and real, so I could express everything that happens in me and in the outside world. "

"My birth", 1932

Biography

Frida Calo de Rivera is a Mexican artist who is most famous for autoportres.

The Mexican culture and the art of the peoples of Precucumbian America had a noticeable impact on her work. The artistic style of Frida Calo is sometimes characterized as naive art or folk art. The founder of Surrealism Andre Breton ranked her for surrealists.

She had a weak health all his life - she suffered poliomyelitis from the age of six years, and also suffered a serious car accident in adolescence, after which she had to go through numerous operations that had influenced her life. In 1929, she married the artist of Diego River, and, like him, supported the Communist Party.

Frida Kalo was born on July 6, 1907 in Koioakan, suburb of Mexico City (later she changed the year of birth for 1910 - the year of the Mexican revolution). Her father was photographer Guillermo Calo, originally from Germany. According to a widespread version based on Frida's allegations, he was Jewish origin, however, according to a later study, he took place from the German Lutheran family, whose roots are tracked until the XVI century. Mother Frida, Matilda Calderon, was Mexican with Indian roots. Frida Kalo was a third child in the family. At the age of 6, she suffered poliomyelitis, after his illness, a lame was left for his whole life, and her right leg was thinner than the left (that Kalo had hidden all his life under long skirts). So early experience in the struggle for the right of full life harden the character of Frida.

Freeda was engaged in boxing and other sports. At the age of 15, she entered the "Preparation" (National Preparatory School), one of the best schools of Mexico, in order to study medicine. Of the 2000 students in this school there were only 35 girls. Frida immediately earned authority, creating a closed group "Kacchuch" with eight students. Her behavior was often called shocking.

The first meeting with a future husband, a famous Mexican artist of Diego River, has occurred in the preparatives, from 1921 to 1923 in the preparatory school over the painting "Creation".

At the age of eighteen, on September 17, 1925, Frida fell into a heavy accident. The bus on which she was rushing, faced a tram. Frida received serious injuries: the triple fracture of the spine (in the lumbar region), the fracture of the clavicle, broken ribs, the triple fracture of the pelvis, eleven fractures of the bones of the right leg, fragmented and dislocated right stop, wrapped her shoulder. In addition, her belly and uterus were punctured with a metal railing, which seriously damaged its reproductive function. She was chained to bed, and health problems remained for life. Subsequently, Frida had to move several dozen operations, no months without the hospitals. She, despite the hot desire, could not become a mother.

It was after the tragedy that she first asked her father and paint from his father. For Frida, they made a special subframe, allowed to write lying. Under the Bed Beds attached a large mirror so that she could see himself. The first picture was a self-portrait that forever defined the main direction of creativity: "I am writing myself, because I spend a lot of time alone and because I am the theme that I know best."

In 1928 he joined the Mexican Communist Party. In 1929, Frida Kalo became the wife of Diego River. He was 43 years old, she - 22. Brought two artists not only art, but also general political beliefs - communist. Their stormy joint life has become a legend. After many years, Frida said: "There were two accidents in my life: one - when the bus crashed into a tram, the other is Diego." In the 1930s, Frida lived in the United States, where the husband worked. This forced long stay abroad, in a developed industrial country, made her sharper feel the national differences.

Since then, Frida with special love belonged to popular mexican culture, collecting old works of applied art, even in everyday life wearing national costumes.

A trip to Paris in 1939, where Frida became a sensation of the thematic exhibition of Mexican art (one of her paintings was even acquired by a louw), even more developed a patriotic feeling.

In 1937, in the house of Diego and Frida, the Soviet Revolutionary Worker Lion Trotsky was not long asylum; They had a novel with Frieda. It is believed that it was forced to go from them too obvious hobby with a temperamental mexican.

In the 1940s, Frida's paintings appear at several visible exhibitions. At the same time, its health problems are exacerbated. Medicines and drugs designed to reduce physical suffering, change its mental state, which brightly reflects in the diary, which has become cult among its fans.

In 1953, her first personal exhibition was held in his homeland. By that time, Frida could no longer stand out of bed, and she was brought to the opening of the exhibition on a hospital bed .. Soon, because of the gangrene began, she was amputated to the right leg below the knee.

Frida Kalo died on July 13, 1954 from inflammation of the lungs. Shortly before the death, she left the last record in her diary: "I hope that care will be successful, and I will no longer come back." Some friends Frida Calo assumed, she died from overdose, and her death could be no closer. Nevertheless, the evidence of this version does not exist, the opening of the body was not conducted.

Farewell to Frieda Calo took place in the Palace of Fine Arts. At the ceremony, in addition to Diego River, President of Mexico Lasor Cardenas and many artists were present.

Since 1955, the Blue House Frida Kalo became the museum of her memory.

Character

Despite the full pain and life suffering, Frida Kalo had a living and liberated extraceless nature, and her daily speech was littered with foul language. Being a ruin in his youth, she did not lose his dust in the late years. Calo is pretty smoked, alcoholic drinks used in excess (especially Tequila), was an open bisexual, sang obscene songs and told the guests of their wild parties as indecent jokes.

Creation

In the works of Frida Calo noticeably very strong influence of national mexican art, culture of the pre-colombian civilizations of America. Her creativity is saturated with symbols and fetishes. However, in it is noticeable and the influence of European painting - in early work, the enthusiasm of Frida, for example, Botticelli was clearly manifested. In the work there is a stylity of naive art. Great influence on the style of painting Frida Kalo, her husband, artist Diego Rivera.

Specialists believe that the 1940s is the era of the flourishing of the artist, the time of its most interesting and mature works.

The genre of the autoportist prevails in the works of Frida Kalo. In these works, the artist metaphorically reflected the events of his life ("Hospital Henry Ford", 1932, Private Assembly, Mexico City; "Self-portrait with the dedication of Lion Trotsky", 1937, National Museum "Women in Art", Washington; "Two Frida", 1939, Museum of Contemporary Art, Mexico City; "Marxism heals the patient", 1954, Frida House Museum Kalo, Mexico City).

Exhibitions

The picture "Korni" was exhibited in 2005 in the London gallery "Tate", and the personal exhibition of Calo in this museum became one of the most successful in the history of the gallery - about 370 thousand people visited it.

Cost of paintings

In early 2006, Sotheby's Sotheby's experts at 7 million were estimated at $ 7 million (initial assessment at auction - 4 million pounds sterling). The picture was written by an artist oil on a metal sheet in 1943 (after a re-marriage with Diego River). In the same year, this picture was sold for 5.6 million US dollars, which became a record among Latin American works.

The record of the cost of paintings Calo remains another self-portrait of 1929, sold in 2000 for $ 4.9 million (at the initial estimate - 3-3.8 million).

House Museum

The house in Koyoacan was built three years before the birth of Frida on the small block of the Earth. The thick walls of the exterior facade, a flat roof, one residential floor, a layout, at which the rooms always remained cool and all opened in the courtyard, - almost a sample of the house in the colonial style. He stood just a few blocks from the Central City Square. Outside, the house on the corner of the street Londrones and Street Alende looked just like others in Koyoacan, an old residential area in the south-west of the suburbs of Mexico City. For 30 years, the appearance of the house did not change. But Diego and Frida made him as we know it: a house in the prevailing blue color with elegant high windows, decorated in a traditional Indian style, a house full of passion.

The entrance to the house is guarded by two giant Judah, their figures of twenty feet height, from papier-mache, make gestures, as if inviting each other to a conversation.

Inside the palette and brushes, Frida lie on the desktop as if she just left them there. The bed of Diego Rivera is a hat, its working robe and cost huge shoes. A glass showcase is located in a large corner bedroom. It is written above: "Frida Kalo was born here on July 7, 1910. The inscription appeared four years after the death of the artist when her house became a museum. Unfortunately, the inscription inaccurate. As evidence of the birth of Frida, she was born on July 6, 1907. But choosing something more significant than insignificant facts, she decided that he was born not in 1907, and 1910, a year of the beginning of the Mexican revolution. Since in the years of the revolutionary decade, she was a child and lived among chaos and the bloods of Mexico City, he decided that he was born with this revolution.

Bright blue and red courtyard wall decorates another inscription: "Frida and Diego lived in this house from 1929 to 1954." It reflects the sentimental, the ideal attitude towards marriage, which is again dispersed with reality. Before the trip of Diego and Frida in the United States, where they spent 4 years (until 1934), in this house they lived insignificantly small. In 1934-1939, they lived in two houses built specifically for them in the residential area of \u200b\u200bSan Anhale. Then a long periods were followed when, preferring to live independently in the studio in San Anhale, Diego did not live at all together with Frida, not to mention the year when both Rovers drove around, divorced and again combined with marriage. Both inscriptions embellished reality. Like the museum itself, they are part of the Freeda legend.

Commercialization name

At the beginning of the XXI century, the Venezuelan Entrepreneur Carlos Dorado created the FRIDA Kahlo Corporation Foundation, to which the relatives of the Great Artist provided the right to commercial use by Frida. For several years, a line of cosmetics, brand of tequila, sports shoes, jewelry, ceramics, corsets and underwear, as well as beer with the name Frida Calo.

In art

Bright and extraordinary identity of Frida Kalo found his reflection in the works of literature and cinema.

In 2002, FRIDA film dedicated to the artist was shot. The role of Frida Kalo played Salma Hayek.

In 2005, the non-game art film "Frida on the background of Frida" was removed.

In 1971, the short film "Frida Kalo" was published, in 1982 - documentary, in 2000 - a documentary film from the "Great Artists" series, in 1976 - "Life and death of Frida Kalo", in 2005 - documentary "Life and Times Frida Calo.

The Alai Oli group has the Frida song dedicated to her.

Heritage

In honor of Frida Kalo on September 26, 2007, the Asteroid 27792 Fridakahlo, open on February 20, 1993 by Eric Elst. On August 30, 2010, the Bank Mexico released a new banknote in 500 pesos, on the turnover of which Frieda and her picture of 1949, Love's Embrace of the Universe, Earth, (Mexico), I, Diego, and Mr. Xólotl, and on the front of which her husband of Diego was depicted. July 6, 2010, on the anniversary of the birth of Frida, the Dudl was released in her honor.

In 1994, American Jazz Fleetist and Composer James Newton released an album inspired by Calo, called Suite for Frida Kahlo, on AudioQuest Music.

Pictures are better understood when you honor her biography. She had a very hard life ...
Frida Kalo was born in Mexico City in 1907. She is the third daughter of Glermo and Matilda Calo. Father - photographer, by origin - a Jew, originally from Germany. Mother - Spanish, born in America. Frida Kalo in 6 years fell ill with Polyomelitis, after which a chromotype remained. "Freeda is a wooden foot" - brutally teased her peers. And she smeared to everyone, playing with boys in football and even engaged in boxing. On the leg stretched 3-4 stockings to look like healthy. Physical defect helped hide trousers, and after marriage - long national dresses, which still worn in the state of Oaxaca and who liked Diego so much. For the first time Frida appeared in such a dress at their wedding, lending him to the maid. ... A car accident occurred rainy in the evening of September 17, 1925. The car in which Frida rushed with his school friend, faced a tram. The blow was so strong that the guy thrown out of the car. But it is easily separated - only in contusion. And Frida ... The broken iron bar of the current collector tram stuck in the stomach and went into the groin, reducing the hip bone. In three places there was damaged by the spine, two hips were broken, leg. Doctors could not vouch for her life. Freeda Calon was 18 years old. And she won. Began the agonizing months of fixed inaction. It was at this time that she asked her father and paints from his father. For Frida made a special subframe, allowed to write lying. Under the canchine beds attached a large mirror to Freded could see himself. She began with self-portrait. "I am writing myself, because I spend a lot of time alone and because I am the theme that I know best."
On 22 years old, Frida Kalo goes to the most enters the Institute of Mexico (National Preparatory School). Only 35 girls took 1000 students. There, Frida Kalo meets the future husband of Diego River, who just returned home from France.
On the wedding day, Diego showed his explosive temper. The 42-year-old newlywed one looked a bit of tequila and began to fill out of the gun in the air. The admonition was just broken by a ragged artist. The first family scandal happened. The 22-year-old spouse went to parents. After speaking, Diego asked for forgiveness and was forgiven. The newlyweds moved to their first apartment, and then - to the famous "Blue House" on Londres Street in Koyokan, the very "bohemian" area of \u200b\u200bMexico City, where they lived for many years.
Their family life buried passions. They could not always be together, but never apart. They were associated relationships, according to one of the friends, "passionate, obsessed and sometimes painful." In 1934, Diego Rivera changed Frida with her younger sister Kristina, who posted him. Made it openly, realizing that he insults his wife, but she did not want to break with her. A blow to Frida was cruel. Gardeing, she did not want to share with his pain with anyone - only splashed her on canvas. It turned out a picture, perhaps the most tragic in her work: the naked female body is excised in bloody wounds. Next to the knife in hand, with an indifferent face who inflicted these wounds. "Just a few scratches!" - called the canvas ironic Frida. After the betrayal of Diego, she decided that he was also the right to love hobbies. It was boring River. Allowing the liberty, he was intolerable to the treason Frida. The famous artist was a painful jealous. Once, a wife with an American sculptor Isama's risks, Diego snatched a gun. Fortunately, did not shoot. Romantic halo washed with the relationship of Frida Calo with Trotsky. The Mexican artist admired the "Tribune of the Russian Revolution", heavily worried his expulsion from the USSR and was happy that thanks to Diego River he found in Mexico shelter.
In January 1937, Lion Trotsky and his wife Natalia Sedov went ashore in the Mexican Port Tampico. They were met by Frida - Diego lay then in the hospital. The artist brought exiles to his "Blue House", where they found finally silence and peace. Bright, interesting, charming frid (after a few minutes of communication of her painful injections, no one noticed) instantly captivated guests. Almost 60-year-old revolutionary was carried away as a boy. He tried in every possible way to express his tenderness. That as if they were negligible to his hand, she taped her knee secret under the table. Rocked with ardor notes and putting them into the book, passed on his wife and River's eyes. Natalia Sedov about the love adventure guessed, and Diego, they say, never learned about her. "I am very tired of the old man," - allegedly chose Once Frida in a circle of close friends and cut off the short novel.
There is another version of this story. A young trotcist as if he could not resist the tribune of the revolution. Their secret date took place in the suburban estate of San Miguel regulated, 130 kilometers from Mexico City. However, Sedov Zorko watched her husband: the intrigue was strangled on the root. Pulling the forgiveness from his wife, Trotsky called himself "her old faithful dog." After that, the exiles left the "Blue House".
But these are rumors. There are no evidence of this romantic link.
Most of all in the life of Frida loved his life itself - and this magnet attracted men and women to her. Despite the painful physical suffering, he sparkled by humor, could laugh up to exhaustion, to make fun of himself, to have fun and kitney from the heart. And just taking a brush, allowed himself to think about the inevitable. She dreamed of a child, but terrible injury did not allow her to have children. Three pregnancies - and it was a real feat in her position - ended tragic. And then she began to draw children. Most often - the dead. Although most of her paintings, still lifes, landscapes are permeated by the sun and light.
Frida was a communist. She joined the Mexican Communist Party in 1928, but a year later he left it after the excluded Diego River. And after ten years, faithful to his ideological beliefs, joined the Communist Party again. In her house on bookshelves there are shabby, reading to the holes of Tom Marx, Lenin, the work of Stalin, near Zinoviev, published in 1943 in Mexico City, immediately - the publicism of Grossman dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, and a completely unexpected "genetics in the USSR" . In the bedroom, in the headboard bed, the big portraits of the founders of Marxism-Leninism and the most gifted by their followers are hanging. In particular, Mao Jedun in a beautiful wooden frame. Increased photography, also in the frame: Lenin speaks from the stands on Red Square in front of the Red Army leaving on the front. The wheelchair stands next to the subframe, on the canvas, the unfinished portrait of Stalin. The leader is depicted harsh, with frowning eyebrows, in a white parade, with one golden marshall pattern. The second pursuit of Frida did not have time ...

The damaged spine was constantly reminded of himself. Periodically, Frida Kalo had to go to the hospital, almost constantly wear special corsets. In 1950, she made 7 operations on the spine, she spent 9 months on a hospital bed. Now she can only move in a wheelchair. Two years later, a new tragedy: she ammplying to the knee right leg. And as a consolation - in the same, 1953, the first personal exhibition of Frida Kalo is held. She is happy. She, as always, laughs. And a little tears over himself. Here, they say, what a celebrity I am. No worse River ...

And at home in a tiny bedroom (the keepers of the "blue house" guard holders) on the ceiling flutter the large bright painted butterflies - looking at them, Frida calms down, sobs, and she falls asleep. To wake up, take over the brush again.

Nor on the same self portrait, Frida smiles: Serious, even a sorrowful face, threw thick eyebrows, a little noticeable black mustache over tightly compressed sensual lips. The idea of \u200b\u200bher paintings is encrypted in detail, background, figures appearing next to Frieda. The symbolism of the artist, they say art historians, relies on national traditions, closely related to the Indian mythology of the Damispan period. Frida Kalo brilliantly knew the history of his homeland. A lot of genuine monuments of ancient culture, which Diego and Frida gathered all his life, is now in the Garden of the Blue House. Stone idols, the same stone animals have shores under the palm trees and cacti. There and there are indie masks. There is even a rarity for a different ethnographic museum - a stone slab with a ring for playing the ball - ancient and completely unsubstantial fun of Mexican Indians: after all, the captain of the loser team was sacrificed to the gods.

Frida Kalo died of lung inflammation, a week after celebrated its 47th anniversary, on Tuesday, July 13, 1954. The next day, loved ones gathered her favorite decorations, including ancient, more pre-counter times, necklace, cheaper simple things from sea shells, which she especially loved, and put it all in a gray coffin installed in Belize Artes - Palace of Fine Arts . The coffin was covered with a black bedspread, which descended until the floor was covered with red roses. Classmate Frida Kalo Arturo Garcia Bustos, like she, enthusiastic with revolutionary ideas, brought a red banner with a sickle and a hammer in the center of a white star and put it on the coffin. There was a scandal that quickly jammed, removing the banner. Next to Diego River was the former President of Mexico Lasari Cardenas, famous artists, writers - Sicairos, Emma Urtado, Victor Manuel Viliashengore.

Greetings to my expensive readers! In the article "Frida Kalo: biography, creativity, facts, video" - about the life of a Mexican artist, the most famous autoportres.

Frida Calo de Rivera, or Magdalena Carmen Fried Calo Calderon. In Mexico, Europe and the USA they called it simply by name. This bright woman was a unique artist. Her life, full of endless misfortunes and victories, made it the national legend of South America.

Biography Frida Kalo

For six years, Frida had a polio, who was crippled by her right leg. At eighteen - the bus fell into an accident. The girl was crippled so much that the doctors folded it out of pieces, like a photo montage. Since then, until the death of 47 years (1954), Frida did not part with pain.

Frida Calo aged 12

She suffered two complex operations, changed 28 corsets, and so far the plaster dried, it was suspended, tied to the legs with sand bags. But in such a state, she conquered men, wrote the paintings, told jokes, took guests. What helped her?

Almost supernatural thirst for love. A controversial eyebrows, mustaches and chromotype did not prevent her to charming men. The artist was married to the popular Monumentalist of Diego River in the world, becoming his third wife. It was more difficult to find, but he loved only Frido!

Frida Calo and Diego River "Love of Elephant and Doves"

Frida and River organized a money collection committee for Spanish Republicans. Those, salting from the Franco regime, came to Mexico and became fans of extravagant couple. This pair shelted and Lion Trotsky. He hid his last two years in their home.

Ancient Mexican heritage

The artist created a meeting of folk mexican items, jewelry, masks. It was her unshakable island in the ephemeral world. Together with River, they built a temple for a collection of pre-colombian idols - Aztecs and Maya apartments. Frida sold her apartment. She invested money in the building, who strengthened her marriage and became the National Museum.

Clothing is a way to form a legendary personality. Frida constantly wore a dress of women an ancient Mexican tribe, famous for magnifier and power. Their costumes were very beautiful and successfully hid the physical flaws of Frida. Where the artist either appeared, she produced a sensation.

In such a dress, it is captured on the cover of the magazine "VOG". Diego adored her. Sometimes Diego went to the symphony concerts, which Frieda did not love. She sent his girlfriend with him, putting her own distinctive dress on her. So he was "supervised."

Friendship with duals, peculiar twins

Calo knew how to find those who were in many ways like her, but instead of the weaknesses inherent in it had strong properties. On these people, she relied. Rivera was also so. She is in his shadows, in his rear.

Somehow the former wife River at the party raised the Frida skirt so that everyone saw her toggle leg. It was from this woman Fritis immediately made friends. The former wife taught her to cook dishes that Diego loved. Frida was tamed many of his girlfriends, and they became useful her.

She wrote herself. He considered his reflection in the mirror, and felt that he had two personalities - an artist and model. That that was in the mirror, did not experience pain. That he wrote, splashed her on canvas ... and received relief.

"Two Frida", 1939. Mexico City, Museum of Contemporary Art.

The works of Frida Calo enjoyed mad success. In the years of depression in New York, half of the canvases from her exhibition were joined. Among the admirers of the Talent of Frida were Nelson Rockefeller, Paul Elur, Picasso. Gave her an exclusive car. Kandinsky cried over her paintings.

It happened behind the family table. Wine was shed or crumbled sugar. Immediately with the help of pepper, coffee, multicolored seasonings at the site of disorder created a wonderful picture.

If Frida carried the river lunch (working, he was not interrupted), then she laid food into a beautiful basket. She decorated her with flowers and covered the napkin with an embroidered love inscription on the custom of Mexican peasants.

Every day she was on the table Still life for her husband from dishes, fruits and six or seven bouquets. A dinner consisted of hot chocolate, exciting love, and buns. Rivera all the time was enveloped by the Fler's special concern.

Last exhibition

Holiday in the soul, she multiplied, spreading around. Frieda arranged unforgettable folk festivities with fireworks and balloons. There were Corrida, dances and songs under the national orchestra.

Frida Calo this picture she wrote eight days before death. Viva La Vida - "Long live life"

Holidays were bizarre and fun. Movies were filmed about them, which then twisted in cinemas. For his last exhibition, Frida arrived at ambulance. She was laid on the bed in the gallery. Two hundred visitors (more simply did not fit) until late at night she sang her folk mexican ballads.

Frida Kalo left the world on July 13, 1954 from inflammation of the lungs. Years of life: 1907-1954. Zodiac sign -

"Frida Kalo: biography" (video)

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