Why is the Pyatigorsk society called the water one. The composition "Water Society" and Pechorin in the novel "A Hero of Our Time
Read also
Pyatigorsk, Elisabeth source, where the "water society" gathers. Walking along the boulevard, Pechorin meets " for the most part families of steppe landowners "who followed him with glances" with tender curiosity, "but" having recognized the army epaulettes ... with indignation turned away. " ... These ladies are very nice; and are lovely for a long time! "
Pechorin overtakes a crowd of men, who "make up a special class of people between those who watch the movement of water. They drink - but not water, they walk a little, drag only in passing; they play and complain of boredom. They are dandies: lowering their braided glass into a well of sour water, they take academic positions ... "
Lermontov described these snobs extremely aptly and caustically. And it was no coincidence that he assembled a real "hospital" on the waters: Mary is being treated for something, Grushnitsky and Werner are lame, the smuggling girl behaves like an abnormal, the boy is blind, Vera is mortally ill ... them and Pechorin becomes " moral cripple"devoid of ordinary human feelings.
Criticism met the new work ambiguously: sharp controversy ensued. Along with the stormy enthusiasm of Belinsky, who called Lermontov's novel a work of "a completely new world of art" who saw in it " deep knowledge human heart and modern society"," richness of content and originality ", the press sounded the voices of critics who absolutely did not accept the novel. One of Lermontov's most ardent opponents, a certain A.S. in the work itself “there are no traces of the philosophy or religiosity of the Russian folk.” But no matter how we evaluate the novel, we cannot fail to note the skill with which Lermontov wrote out his protagonist. Throughout the entire work, the author strives to reveal inner world Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. The compositional complexity of the novel is inextricably linked with the psychological complexity of the image of the protagonist, and the freak show of the "water society" helps to reveal this image more deeply.
The inner world of the hero is revealed most fully and deeply in the chapter "Princess Mary". The plot here is the meeting between Pechorin and Grushnitsky, a familiar cadet. And then the next "experiment" of Pechorin begins. The hero's whole life is a chain of experiments on himself and other people. Its purpose is to comprehend the truth,., The nature of man, evil, good, love. This is exactly what happens in the case of Grushnitsky. Why is the young cadet so unpleasant for Pechorin? As we can see, Grushnitsky is by no means a villain with whom it would be worth fighting. This is the most ordinary young man who dreams of love and stars on his shoulder straps. He is a mediocrity, but he has one weakness, quite forgivable at his age - "to drape into extraordinary feelings", "a passion to recite." He strives to play the role of the Byronic disaffected hero, fashionable among young men, "a creature doomed to some kind of secret suffering." Of course, the reader understands that this is a parody of Pechorin! That is why he is so hateful to Pechorin. Grushnitsky, as a narrow-minded person, does not understand Pechorin's attitude towards him, does not suspect that he has already begun a kind of game. At first, Pechorin even evokes a certain condescending feeling in Grushnitsky, since this young man is self-confident and seems to himself a very perceptive and significant person "I feel sorry for you, Pechorin" - that's how he talks at the beginning of the novel. But events develop the way they want Pechorin Mary falls in love with him, forgetting about Grushnitsky Overwhelmed by jealousy, indignation, and then hatred, the cadet suddenly opens up to us from a completely different side He turns out to be not so harmless He becomes vindictive, and then - dishonorable , vile One who recently dressed up in nobility, today is able to shoot at an unarmed person. Pechorin's experiment was a success. greatest art During the duel, Pechorin again tests fate, calmly standing face to face with death Then he offers Grushnitsky reconciliation But the situation is already irreversible, and Grushnitsky dies, having drunk the cup of shame, repentance and hatred to the end.
Pyatigorsk, Elisabeth source, where the "water society" gathers. Walking along the boulevard, Pechorin meets “most of the family of steppe landowners” who followed him with their glances “with tender curiosity,” but “recognizing the army epaulettes ... turned away indignantly”. Local ladies are more benevolent, they “are accustomed in the Caucasus to meet a fervent heart under a numbered button and an educated mind under a white cap. These ladies are very nice; and are lovely for a long time! "
Pechorin overtakes a crowd of men, who “constitute a special class of people between those who watch the movement of water. They drink - but not water, walk a little, drag only in passing; they play and complain of boredom. They are dandies: lowering their braided glass into a well of sour water, they assume academic postures ... "
Lermontov's description of these snobs is extremely apt and sarcastic. And it is no coincidence that he collects a real "hospital" on the waters: Mary is being treated for something, Grushnitsky and Werner are lame, the smuggler girl behaves like an abnormal, the boy is blind, Vera is mortally ill ... Among them, Pechorin becomes a "moral cripple" devoid of ordinary human feelings.
Criticism met the new work ambiguously: sharp controversy ensued. Along with the stormy enthusiasm of Belinsky, who called Lermontov's novel a work representing “absolutely new world art ”, who saw in it“ a deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society ”,“ richness of content and originality ”, the voices of critics who absolutely did not accept the novel sounded in print. One of the most ardent opponents of Lermontov, a certain A. Burachok, argued that the image of the main character of the novel is "an aesthetic and psychological absurdity", and in the work itself "there are no traces of philosophy or religiosity of the Russian people." But no matter how we evaluate the novel, one cannot fail to note the skill with which Lermontov wrote out his main character. Throughout the entire work, the author strives as fully as possible to reveal the inner world of his hero - Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin. The compositional complexity of the novel is inextricably linked with the psychological complexity of the image of the protagonist, and the freak show of the "water society" helps to reveal this image more deeply.
The most fully and deeply inner world of the hero is revealed in the chapter "Princess Mary". The plot here is the meeting between Pechorin and Grushnitsky, a familiar cadet. And then the next "experiment" of Pechorin begins. The hero's whole life is a chain of experiments on himself and other people. Its goal is to comprehend truth, human nature, evil, good, love. This is exactly what happens in the case of Grushnitsky. Why is the young cadet so unpleasant for Pechorin?
As we can see, Grushnitsky is by no means a villain with whom it would be worth fighting. This is the most ordinary young man who dreams of love and stars on his shoulder straps. He is a mediocrity, but he has one weakness, quite forgivable at his age - "to drape into extraordinary feelings", "a passion to recite." He seeks to play the role of the Byronic disaffected hero, fashionable among young men, "a creature doomed to some kind of secret suffering." Of course, the reader understands that this is a parody of Pechorin! That is why he is so hateful to Pechorin. Grushnitsky, as a narrow-minded person, does not understand Pechorin's attitude towards him, does not suspect that he has already begun a kind of game. At first, Pechorin even evokes in Grushnitsky a certain condescending feeling, since this young man is self-confident and seems to himself a very perceptive and significant person. “I feel sorry for you, Pechorin” - this is how he speaks at the beginning of the novel. But events are developing the way Pechorin wants it. Mary falls in love with him, forgetting about Grushnitsky. Overwhelmed with jealousy, indignation, and then hatred, the cadet suddenly opens up to us from a completely different side. He turns out to be not so harmless at all. He is capable of being vindictive, and then dishonorable, vile. Anyone who recently dressed up in nobility, today is able to shoot an unarmed person. Pechorin's experiment was a success! Here the "demonic" properties of his nature were fully manifested: "sow evil" with the greatest skill. During the duel, Pechorin again tests fate, calmly standing face to face with death. Then he offers Grushnitsky reconciliation. But the situation is already irreversible, and Grushnitsky dies, having drunk the cup of shame, remorse and hatred to the end.
If in stories"Bela" and "Taman" Pechorin performed surrounded by simple and "natural" people, then in the story "Princess Mary" he is shown in a typical noble environment for him. Image noble society, with which Pechorin is related by origin and class, is of significant importance in the novel
In the neighborhood with the "metropolitan dandies", "Moscow ladies" and the provincial "nobility", Pechorin's uncommonness and exclusivity for his environment, in which he is forced to be and act, appears brighter. The conflict between this society and Pechorin shows its irreconcilability to all the well-established traditions of the "light". True, the novel depicts not the capital city, but a motley "zodyanoy society".
But Lermonᴛᴏʙ shows that in essence no fundamental difference there is no between them, and the variegation and randomness of the society formed on the waters allows the author to more clearly reveal the complete loneliness of Pechorin, equally alien and noble Moscow lady Lisskaya, and the poor cadet Grushnitsky. All images in the story are given in relation to the hero; some characters sympathize with Pechorin and understand him: these are Vera and Dr. Werner; to others he impresses with his aristocracy (Liskys); all the rest are openly hostile and envious of Pechorin: Grushnitsky, a dragoon captain, a gentleman with a red face, etc., personifying a noble society on the waters - shallow, vulgar, envious.
Sketching it Lermonᴛᴏʙ he takes a little space, but how expressive are the short remarks, ironic remarks, satirical portraits with which he characterizes the episodic figures of "Moscow francs", steppe landowners, guests at a ball in a restaurant!
"Water Society" heterogeneous: here and the Moscow nobility, and local privileged circles ("mistresses of the waters"), and steppe landowners, and military-fighters, army officers. Most of them are nobles middle hand, not distinguished by either wealth or special nobility. Students can easily find confirmation of this in the text. They note, for example, the "worn out old-fashioned serguks" of the steppe landowners; pay attention to the fact that the metropolitan dandies, in Pyatigorsk preaching "contempt for provincial houses", in St. Petersburg do not have access to the aristocratic drawing rooms. But still, their condition is enough for them to do nothing. Their life is idle, the circle of occupations and interests is narrowly outlined: walks, picnics, balls; among men - playing at cards and drunkenness (“they drink - however, not water>). You will not find any serious thoughts, no deep inquiries here. One of the main occupations and interests of the "water society" is gossip. It is no coincidence that Werner talks about rumors that spread in the city about “Pechorin’s supposed marriage to Princess Mary:“ The whole city speaks; all my patients are busy with this important news, and these patients are such people: they know everything! "
Members of the "water society"- these are small souls with scanty passions, there is no place for nobility and honesty. Even simple decency is not possessed by "Moscow dandies" and "brilliant adjutants". When the gentleman in the tailcoat "insulted Mary, the adjutant, familiar with the Liskys' family," hid behind the crowd so as not to be involved in the story. " It is important to understand that the members of this society are characterized by arrogance towards those who are below them on the social ladder and servility, combined with envy, towards those who are higher than them, more noble and richer. Thus, the families of the steppe landowners "with tender curiosity" looked at Pechorin, deceived by the Petersburg cut of his "sertuk", but, "recognizing the army epaulettes, turned away with indignation." “The views of Lermon and his hero Pechorin on the Pyatigorsk“ light ”coincide. Pechorin perfectly understands the vulgarity and narrowness of the interests of the people around him and perceives their life as a false "game"; in his diary, where he writes about the people of this society, the words are often found: “ characters”,“ Scene ”,“ setting ”,“ denouement ”, etc. Students can be asked to find such places in the text.
Negative attitude Pechorin to the "water society" even affects the character of the hero's speech. By way of expression copyright relationship to the character depicted is the selection of emotionally colored epithets and verbs that convey a state or characterize individual qualities of a particular hero. Describing a conversation with the dragoon captain shortly before the duel, Pechorin notes: “He turned yellow, turned blue; latent malice appeared on his face. " In the second second of Grushnitsky, Ivan Ignatyich, the author notes “a squeaky voice. Interesting and speech characteristic episodic characters representing the noble society. The conversation of provincial aristocrats is an example of the jargon that Griboyedov called "a mixture of French and Nizhny Novgorod." Not limiting himself to sketching a "water society", Lermon expands the idea of a typical Pechorin environment by showing the officer society in the story "Fatalist" and individual statements of the hero and the author about the capital city. The main occupation of officers Cossack village where the hero briefly falls - cards in the evenings and empty conversations.
In the story "Bela" the author mentions a Moscow lady who claimed that "Byron was nothing more than a drunkard." This phrase is enough to convince yourself of the ignorance of the arrogant representative of the world. But the Petersburg society is more brilliant, the Petersburg nobility is richer, and this is the only way it differs from the “water society”. Not admiring the external splendor, Lermonᴛᴏʙ also ridicules the noble society of the capital, denouncing its falsity and emptiness. Lermonᴛᴏʙ comes to the conclusion and convinces the reader that such a society cannot nominate real heroes from its midst, that truly heroic and beautiful in life is beyond this circle of people
At the same time, Lermonᴛᴏʙ shows that among these people there are also special ones who have enormous opportunities. But such people are ruined by secular society. Against the background of the "watery" noble society, Pechorin especially stands out for his uncommonness, but under the influence of the surrounding emptiness and falsehood, he becomes shallow, the character of the hero is distorted.
How does Pechorin turn out to be in this environment? How does he manifest himself when faced with hostile people? What does his relationship with Vera and Werner give for understanding the hero? The following lessons are devoted to clarifying these questions. First, in the course of the conversation, it is established in what the students see Pechorin's superiority over the "water society", or at least his difference from most of the depicted people of the noble circle. He frankly speaks about his unwillingness to see guests at his place, does not seek to establish any acquaintances and connections. For this reason, the petty vain ones regard him as arrogant.
- As proof, the words of the dragoon captain can be cited: "These Petersburg fledglings are always arrogant ... He thinks that he is the only one and lived in the world, because he always wears clean gloves and cleaned boots, And what a haughty smile!"
But in reality alienation Pechorin is explained not by arrogance and aristocratic contempt for less wealthy people (he treats the modest captain and Werner with frankness and friendliness), but his demands and requirements for life and people. None of the idols worshiped by the Pyatigorsk and metropolitan light attracts him; he does not seek to multiply his fortune, he is not seduced by a profitable party, he does not try to make a career. His "current situation is not enviable," in the opinion of Princess Liskoy, but Pechorin does nothing to change him. Nor can he be satisfied with everyday communication with the Liskys, dragoon captains, Grushnitskys: he is too educated to find pleasure in talking with them, and too smart to be seriously interested in such people. Society rests on traditions and well-established, “unshakable” truths, and nothing is as alien to Pechorin as tradition: he laughs at everything in the world, especially at feelings, likes to “doubt everything,” denies friendship, etc.
Here is a possible version of the plan for an essay on the "water society":
I. Lermon's attitude to the noble secular society (facts of biography and creativity.
II. Showing this society in the novel.
- A satirical depiction of the "water society"
- in the story "Princess Mary":
- a) the diversity of the composition of the "water society";
- b) his occupations and interests;
- c) the absence of genuine culture in it, the reflection of the ignorance and ignorance of the representatives of the "light" in their speech characteristics;
- d) emptiness and falsity - characteristics"Water society";
- e) artistic techniques used by the author when depicting the "water society" and its representatives.
- Exposure of the capital's light in the characteristics of Pechorin and the author's remarks.
- Pechorin's place in secular society.
III. Significance of showing a noble society for disclosure ideological meaning novel.
Page 1 from 1
The image of Pechorin in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "Hero of our hour" Hero of our hour M. Yu. Lermontov
The image of Pechorin in M. Yu. Lermontov's novel "A Hero of Our Time" ... Don't think ... well, the author of the book of the mav ... Mriyu is becoming a corrector of human vices ... You just have fun playing the bitchy People, like the fault of your mind th, before yo th your Neschast, zanadto often beeps. M. Yu. Lermontov "Hero of our hour" Grigoriy Pechorin is a pair of boys, who can be found until the generation of the 30s of the 19th century, a representative of the high society. Yogo "krashich" young rock passed, on yogo words of power, in "fight with myself and light". ...
“A Hero of Our Time” is a socio-psychological novel in which the author set himself the task of revealing the hero’s inner world, “exploring the human soul”.
Lermontov is a romantic, therefore the problem of personality is the central problem of romanticism and, naturally, of the poet's work. However, the innovation of “A Hero of Our Time” lies in the fact that the conflict between the personality and the surrounding world is resolved using a variety of means, both romantic and realistic.
Pechorin the main character the novel is a social type. Traditionally, after Onegin, he is placed in the gallery “ extra people”.
The images of Pechorin and Onegin have a lot in common, ranging from details, character traits, to the situations in which they find themselves. However, the conflict between personality and society in “Hero of Our Time” is sharper than in “Eugene Onegin”, since Pechorin “frantically chases after life”, but does not get anything from it, and Onegin simply “goes with the flow”.
The composition of the novel is subordinated to the main task set by the author - the solution of the problem of personality. In Pechorin's magazine, the central story is "Princess Mary", in which the character of the hero is revealed from the inside, that is, Lermontov uses this artistic device like a confession. Everything artistic means- portrait, landscape, dialogues, details - wear psychological character... In the story with the deployed figurative system the secret of the character of the hero is revealed.
Lermontov, like many romantics, opposes personality and society, and he places his hero in different environments, collides it with by different people... We can see this in the stories “Bela”, “Taman” and “Princess Mary”.
In the psychological story "Princess Mary" the personality of Pechorin is opposed to the "water society", the attitude of the hero to this society and society in general is shown. “Water Society” is collective image local and metropolitan nobility, in the behavior and life of which all the characteristic features of the described era can be traced. The conflict between personality and society was embodied not only in the disclosure of the character of the protagonist, but also in the image of the “water society”, their life, interests, entertainment.
Pechorin, with slight contempt, notices the carefully hidden envy of each other, the love of gossip and intrigue. Life and customs of Caucasian visitors mineral waters, over which both the author and the main character mock, are conditioned by history and traditions. The image of the "water society" is also given in parallel with the image secular society, which Pechorin mentions and which has more than once been the object of research in the works of Griboyedov and Pushkin.
On the whole, the entire “water society” is opposed to Pechorin. However, it is still possible to single out heroes who are not only opposed to Pechorin, but also compared with him.
Grushnitsky is a kind of parody of Pechorin. The fact that Pechorin is the essence of character, then Grushnitsky's is a pose designed to make an effect, an impression on others. Grushnitsky is an anti-romantic hero. His penchant for romanticization is brought to the point of caricature. He draws himself, often behaves inappropriately for the situation. In everyday life, he looks for romantic circumstances, but in truly romantic situations he gets lost. Grushnitsky's participation in the duel is ignoble, vile, but he cannot refuse it, since he is very proud. There are many external details in his image (an overcoat, a crutch, a limp, a ring with the date of acquaintance and the name of Mary). Obviously, the image of Grushnitsky was not created without the influence of the image of Lensky: both are romantics, both were killed in a duel, both are younger than a friend-enemy.
Werner is the only one male image, which is compared with Pechorin, and not opposed. Their similarity is manifested in relations with society, skepticism, wit. But along with common features there are many differences in their characters. Pechorin “is frantically chasing life,” while Werner is passive. Werner is a less deep and complex nature than Pechorin. Before the duel, Pechorin admires nature, and Werner asks if he wrote his will. In external appearance Werner traced romantic traits, but he is a contradictory nature.
All female images presented in the novel are also subordinated to the main task - to reveal the image of Pechorin and show his attitude to love.
Princess Mary of all female images is the most fully depicted. Like Grushnitsky, she is passionate about romanticism, she is young, smart, witty. The purity and naivety of the princess makes Pechorin's selfishness even more obvious. The story of Mary's seduction is the reason for deep introspection and detailed internal monologues in Pechorin's diary. In a conversation with Mary Pechorin, he talks about his fate (relations with society, inclinations, oddities of character).
Faith is the most obscure image, it is incompletely outlined, but given only in hints. This is the only one female image, which is compared with Pechorin. It is in relations with Vera that the tragedy of Pechorin's position is most fully felt, his inability to deeply and truly love: he does not even need Vera. This emphasizes the loneliness of the hero, his inability to true feeling, is revealed internal conflict hero. Romantic irony illuminates the relationship between Pechorin and Vera: Pechorin drives the horse, trying to catch up with Vera, and then falls asleep to Napoleon at Waterloo.
In addition, Lermontov pays attention to a large number others, less visible, but also very important for creating more complete picture society, heroes, all of whom, without exception, are subject to the principle of typification, which speaks of the realism of the novel. In this case, the author proceeds from traditional types, relying on creative experience their predecessors, Griboyedov and Pushkin.
As soon as Pechorin arrives in Pyatigorsk, he gets acquainted with the customs of the families of the steppe landowners: “... the Petersburg cut of the coat misled them, but, soon recognizing the army epaulettes, they turned away indignantly”.
Immediately we learn about the wives of local chiefs, the “mistresses of the waters”: “... they pay less attention to the uniform, they are accustomed in the Caucasus to meet an ardent heart under a numbered button and an educated mind under a white cap”.
A special class in the “water society” is made up of men, civil servants and military men (Captain Dragunsky, who by his participation in a duel resembles Zaretsky). The "water youth" stands out separately. In general, it is difficult to imagine anything new that has not yet been depicted in the works of Griboyedov and Pushkin. The same passion for ranks, servility, the same balls, gossip, idle pastime, emptiness, which dominate not as vices of society, but as elements public life... Everything is the same, only with the difference that there we saw a secular society, and here a provincial one, which is trying with all its might to resemble a metropolitan one. Against the background of all this, it should be noted with what irony not only specific images but also the whole atmosphere.
Thus, the "water society" is not an accidental theme in the novel. The problem of personality, its relationships with others are main task all creativity Lermontov. At the same time, he continues the traditions of Russian Literature XIX century,
You lose your self-esteem when you see deserved people around you; loneliness instills arrogance. Young people are arrogant because they are surrounded by their own kind, who are all nothing, but would like to be of great importance.
(F. Nietzsche.)
Lermontov was only 24 years old when he worked on the novel "A Hero of Our Time", but how deeply and how subtly he already felt life. Lermontov finds new compositional solution to his work, he does not adhere to a chronological sequence, for him an important task is to reveal the image of the hero, his psychology, as well as the reasons that contribute to the formation of Pechorin's personality. In the first part of the novel, we see only the actions of the hero, but we do not see their motives, so the hero becomes more and more mysterious. With each story, the hero gets closer to us, the author leads us to the solution, and only in the second part does the fog begin to dissipate. The second part of the novel begins with the story "Princess Mary", based on diary entries Main character. On May 10, Pechorin arrives in Pyatigorsk. The action begins with a description beautiful landscape that conveys feelings, thoughts, and spiritual world hero, and by this the author kind of intensifies the events. We see the hero, quite cheerful, subtly feeling the beauty of nature. “However, it's time,” says Pechorin, and together with him the author brings us back to “real” events. The hero goes to the Elizabethan spring, where the "water society" gathers. Pechorin is already skeptical, he
notices all the little details of the clothes of passers-by and immediately gives an accurate description of the oncoming ones. He sees several "sad groups", also belonging to the "water society", who indignantly turned away from him, barely seeing the army epaulettes. Pechorin meets another group of men, but already constituting another class (military class), who dream of living rooms in the capital. Pechorin does not consider himself to be in this class!
he symbolically overtakes them, although in fact there is something of them in him, but he does not set such low goals for himself, he strives for the best, he considers himself above everyone. Pechorin rather briefly described the first meeting with the "water society", but very informative and enough to understand his attitude; although the features of society he outlined very convincingly, but nevertheless completely agree with him - it means to be "stunned" by his eloquent speech and not fully comprehend what a "water society" is, what is the meaning of the life of its representatives, what place does it take
Pechorin is among them, and, in general, is he so far from this society, as it seems to us. We learn that the "water society" is made up mainly of the families of landowners and the military. They lead a normal life, a little boring, monotonous, vague and inexpressive, that's why the hero called this society watery, because of the similarity of properties.
Pechorin meets Grushnitsky, his old acquaintance and immediately gives him an accurate portrait, slightly ironically, and then he is completely ready to reveal all his vulgar features, and most importantly, he already knows his future, he knows all the "weak strings" of people and skillfully he uses them, in contrast to Dr. Werner, which more and more emphasizes his individualism and selfishness.
Grushnitsky leads a completely sensible dialogue with the hero, which hurts Pechorin's pride: Grushnitsky speaks almost in his words, then Pechorin easily enters his "role" (of course, this role is not the essence of his life, but how often one has to resort to it out of envy or contempt) and grins at him, teases him, describing Princess Mary, and immediately mimics Grushnitsky, imitating his tone. But this is not enough for him, he is not pleased with himself, for him this is a rare opportunity to calm his boredom. By his actions, he simply wastes his strength, and brings suffering to other people. But we know that he himself suffers deeply. Pechorin is very self-critical of himself, which elevates him in the eyes of the reader. The character of the hero is not so much complicated as contradictory and ambiguous: sad is funny to him, funny - sad. Pechorin does not want to disturb himself with memories, he does not want to live in the past, he lives in the present, but when he learns of the arrival of Vera, a second Pechorin appears in front of us. His feelings are fighting with reason (this is evidenced by the inner monologue that the hero leads, feeling terrible sadness), but this is just a spiritual impulse. And yet, finding himself in the next conditions of existence, Pechorin plays his own game, the participants of which are: Grushnitsky, Mary, Princess Ligovskaya, Vera and her husband Semyon Vasilyevich - the very representatives of the "water society" who became "victims" of Pechorin. Grushnitsky, although not perfect, is attractive and attractive to us
while he wears a soldier's greatcoat, while his pride has not yet completely taken possession of him. He believes in his happiness with Mary, thus he looks more and more like a romantic, but the means by which he is! going to achieve the goal, only humiliate him, and he becomes insignificant. He is promoted to an officer, and he merges with the crowd, the crowd of admirers of the princess, so, drop by drop, society grows more and more and more and more attracts others, but this fact is not terrible, but the fact that this "faceless" society simply and aimlessly exists. Grushnitsky is wearing a new uniform, new epaulettes, and this makes him arrogant. Mary is not stupid, young, good-looking, she, of course, is not calculating and does not really understand people, but this does not make her less romantic and attractive. She feels compassion for all unfortunate people and sees her happiness in the happiness of her beloved. Yes, she is capable of a "deep" feeling and this sets her apart from others, but if you think further, then I am sure you will agree that she is only a child
of this society. Having achieved her goal, she will immediately merge with this society.
Pechorin is also unhappy, and he personally speaks about this in his confession to Mary: “Everyone read signs of bad qualities on my face, and they were born. I was modest - I was accused of cunning: I became secretive. I deeply felt good and evil; no one caressed me, everyone insulted me: I felt superior to them - they put me lower. I became envious. I was ready to love the whole world, my youth passed in the struggle with myself and the light ... I became a moral cripple: one half of my soul did not exist, it dried up, deteriorated, died, I cut it off and left it ... the other lived at the service of everyone. " Pechorin takes power over Mary, uses it simply as a weapon against Grushnitsky, but with this he is pursuing another goal - he needs Vera, whom he still loves. Pechorin sees food in the suffering of others, he cannot live in another way, he is not able to sacrifice himself, he does not intend to bow before anyone, his Vital energy does not find application in this life, among this society, and he hurts others. Grushnitsky dies in a duel with him. For Pechorin, this is just an experiment, while he is completely indifferent to his life ... Mary's hopes of love fail: Pechorin explains to her rather coldly and leaves, and Mary's tragedy is the same tragedy for the princess. Pechorin interferes in Vera's life and, perhaps, would have destroyed her if she had not left. He controls the fate of people, he transcends the boundaries of good and evil. The author does not give his assessment to either Pechorin or the "water society". “The disease has been indicated, but how to cure it - that’s already God knows,” Lermontov will say in the preface that was written after the entire novel. And what if Pechorin is “a portrait made up of the vices of our generation”, then maybe “water society” is a portrait made up of our ideas about happy life? Then we need to change our outlook on life; "Many are stubborn in relation to the once chosen path, a few in relation to the goal." So Pechorin is always in action, he is looking for the meaning of life, his energy does not find application, he is overwhelmed with ideas, and "the one in whose head more ideas were born, he acts more than others ...". And the "water society" is inactive. Let's remember the words of Lermontov ("Duma"):
In a crowd gloomy and soon forgotten
We will pass over the world without noise or trace,
Without abandoning for centuries a fertile thought,
Not the genius of the work begun ...
Roman M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" - one of best works Russian literature. This novel is on a par with such masterpieces as "Woe from Wit", "Eugene Onegin", "The Inspector General". The novel was written in the era following the December uprising. In the center of the novel is a person who, in terms of his development, stands above the society around him, but who does not know how to find an application for his abilities. The author accurately deduced the image young man, personified in the work by Pechorin. He is an intelligent, well-educated young officer who serves in the Caucasus. He is tired of high life spoiled him. The hero suffers from his restlessness, in despair asks himself the question: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born? Pechorin - typical hero time, the best representative of his era, but the price for this is his loneliness. In the first chapter of the novel, we see Pechorin through the eyes of Maksim Maksimych, an old officer: "He was a nice fellow, only a little strange." Maxim Maksimych himself is not able to understand the complex character of the hero whom he loves and considers his friend. In "White" the contradictory character of the hero is manifested. His character is complex. The hero himself says about himself: “There are two people in me: one lives in the literal sense of the word, and the other thinks and judges him ...” In his words, he hides the essence of his
character: his soul is "tainted by the light." By nature, Pechorin is an egoist, we learn about this from the first story of the novel. This quality manifests itself in love for Bela, as well as in relation to Mary. In the story “Maxim Maksimych” the author gives a portrait of Pechorin. Describing the hero's appearance, the author emphasizes his aristocratic origin. Pechorin is a representative of a secular society and lives by its laws. If in
Pechorin's first story is described by Maxim Maksimych, but here the narrator changes. “Itinerant officer: a subtle and observant person, draws psychological picture hero, notes the main thing in him: he is all woven of contradictions and contrasts. “His waist and broad shoulders proved a strong build,” but there was something childish in his smile, a kind of nervous weakness ”; "in spite of White color his hair, mustache and eyebrows were black. " Particular attention is paid to the description of the hero's eyes: ... they did not laugh when he laughed! Because of their half-down eyelashes, they shone with a kind of phosphoric sheen: it was a sheen like the shine of smooth steel, dazzling but cold. ”
In "Princess Mary" we meet a person capable of introspection. Here Pechorin characterizes himself, he explains how his bad qualities were formed: ... such was my fate since childhood! Everybody read on my face the signs of bad qualities that were not there; but they were supposed - and they were born ... I became secretive ... I became vindictive ... I became envious, I learned to hate, I began to deceive, I became a moral cripple. He realizes that he has lived an empty and aimless life: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born? " The hero does not see the meaning of life. This is an understanding of your purpose in life a few hours before possible death is the culmination of not only the story "Princess Mary", but the whole novel.
Pechorin is a brave man, which manifested itself in a duel. TO positive features the hero can also be attributed to his ability to understand and feel people. Pechorin is an honest, decent person. Despite the unpleasant story of Princess Mary, Pechorin decides to tell the truth, although it was not easy. And this episode showed his willpower. VG Belinsky compared the soul of Pechorin with the earth dried up by the heat, which after the blessed rains "could give birth to beautiful flowers. M.Yu. Lermontov's novel poses one of the problems - the inability of people of this time to act, generated by their
own environment. Pechorin is a hero of his time. I think this is an honorable "title", because the very word "hero" implies unusualness, exclusivity. In his novel, Lermontov was able to show not only the image of the hero, but also to reveal the history of the human soul ”.
Roman M.Yu. Lermontova “A hero of our time - whole piece, all parts of which are united by one hero, and his character is revealed from part to part gradually, is revealed from external to internal, from effect to cause, from epic - through psychological - to philosophical. The novel was immediately ranked among the masterpieces of Russian literature.
The novel "A Hero of Our Time", when it was published, caused conflicting judgments among the readers. The image of Pechorin was unusual for them.
In the preface, Lermontov gives his explanation for this: "Why does this character ... find no mercy with you? Is it because there is more truth in him than you would like?" With this preface, Lermontov himself indicated a realistic approach to The main problem his works - the problem of the individual and society. The novel contains tendencies towards condemnation of both society and the hero. While admitting the guilt of society that it gave birth to Pechorin, the author nevertheless does not believe that the hero is right.
The central task of the novel is to reveal the depth of Pechorin's image. Already from the very composition of the novel, we can see the purposelessness of his life, the pettiness and inconsistency of his actions. The stories in the novel are not located in chronological order, there is no visible plot connection between them. These are, as it were, fragments of life. But at the same time, they are designed to show different features of the Pechorin character. In "Bela" ...
In the story "Taman" Lermontov applied the method of realistic romanticism - the beauty and freedom of free life contrasts with the routine of a passing officer. "Maxim Maksimych" is like the end of the circle: Pechorin was in the initial
point, everything is exhausted and tried by him. The depth of the inner world, and at the same time negative traits Pechorin, the motives of his action are most vividly revealed in "Princess Mary".
These stories "have one more important function: to show Pechorin's alienation from people. different conditions, in a different environment, Lermontov wants to show that they are alien to Pechorin, that he has no place in life, no matter what environment he finds himself in. A product of society, Pechorin is at the same time a renegade, a seeker, devoid of soil, therefore he is not subject to either the traditions or moral norms of the environment he came from, and the one into which he falls. That which neither seeks is not there. He, like Lermontov's "Parus", is attracted to unusual anxieties and dangers, since he is full of effective energy. But he directs his active will to ordinary circumstances for which it becomes destructive. The exaltation of his will and his desires, the thirst for power over people is a manifestation of the gap between his desire and life, he is looking for a way out of his unclaimed energy. But the "wonderful world of troubles and battles" that he is looking for does not lie in everyday life, it is not there. Does Pechorin have a goal? Yes, he is looking for happiness, meaning by it "rich pride." He probably means fame, that is, the recognition by society of his value and the value of his actions. But, as I said, his deeds are small, and his goals are random and insignificant. Characteristic feature Pechorin is a reflective consciousness, which is a consequence of the gap between the desired and the actual. This reflection manifests itself most deeply in "Princess Mary", in Pechorin's diary. His character is revealed in different moods and in different situations... Pechorin comprehends and condemns his actions. He fights not only with others, but above all with himself. But in this internal struggle the unity of Pechorin's personality is also concluded, without her he would not have been such an extraordinary character, the struggle is the need of his powerful nature. Among the many problems of the novel, there is one such as the relationship between "natural" and "civilized" people. The contrast between Pechorin and the highlanders helps us understand some of his character traits. Highlanders (Bela, Kazbich) are solid natures, as if monolithic and by this they attract Pechorin. Unlike them, he is torn apart by passions and contradictions, although with the indomitability of his energy he looks like "children of nature." In the story "Fatalist", the duality and contradictions of Pechorin are also manifested, but in a different aspect - the aspect of the relationship between Western and Eastern people in him. In a dispute with Wulich regarding redetermination, he acts as a bearer of critical thinking in the West.
Pechorin immediately asks Vulich the following question: "If there is definitely predestination, then why are we given will and reason?" He opposes Vulich's blind faith by an act of will, rushing at the Cossack - the murderer. But Pechorin is a Russian person, albeit a Europeanized one. Despite his criticism, he tells Wulich that he will soon die, that there is a "strange imprint of inevitable fate" on his face. But "Fatalist" nevertheless reflects the active worldview of Pechorin, who wants to rebel against fate, play with life and death. In this story, the bitterness of longing for great action sounds, which completes the solution of the same task of revealing the image of the hero.
Pechorin is a continuation of the tradition, the image of "superfluous people". The concept of "superfluous" people presupposes the impossibility of their inclusion in real social practice, their "social uselessness." The type of superfluous person reflects the peculiarities of the relationship of the progressive noble intelligentsia with society.
But Pechorin differs from other "superfluous" people by combining psychological experiences. In the Duma, Lermontov wrote the exact lines: "And life is already tormenting us, like an even path without a goal, like a feast at a foreign party." These words to the fullest
reveal to us the inner world of Pechorin. He is a hero of his time, but we are not just curious to look into the soul of a hero: the problem of personality, the search for the meaning of life, our place on earth - these are questions of Eternity. Therefore, the novel "Our Hero
time "is relevant now.
- Download essay "" in ZIP archive
- Download essay " Pechorin and "Water Society" in the novel "Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov."in MS WORD format
- Version of the composition " Pechorin and "Water Society" in the novel "Hero of Our Time" by M. Yu. Lermontov." for print