Lithuanian patronymic. What Russian surnames are actually Baltic
Since in the XIV-XV centuries, during his heyday, the Grand District Lithuanian actually owned half of Russian lands, close administrative and cultural connections Provided the distribution in our country names, words and expressions characteristic of a neighboring state. It is Lithuanian for their origin that the surname constitutes most of these Baltic borrowing. Particularly strong influence of the neighbors felt residents of Pskov and Novgorod.
For example, in the north-west of Russia there is a surname of Pascalov, formed from the nickname Pascal. The word Paskala is translated from the Lithuanian as a "weak". That is, so could call a person, sharp in the language, whose critical comments are rather painful. And his descendants have already received the last name formed from this nickname.
There is practically no doubt that the ancestors of Litvinic, Litvini, Litvinsev, Litovkin and Litvyakov are relevant roots.
Famous Linguist Sigmas Zinkevichus, author of numerous scientific work on the this topic, wrote that in XVI-XVII centuries Representatives of Lithuanian nobility often changed their surnames by adding the ending to them. It was considered prestigious in the imitation of a gentry (privileged Polish class). Thus, the ancient genus of Oginsky once owned the estate of the Uoghintai, located on the territory of the Kaishtyre district. Hence the surname.
After joining Lithuania to Russian Empire The process of violent Russification of this Baltic country began. In the XIX century, a print on Latin was banned, and Lithuanian was transferred to Cyrillic. Same names. For example, Jonas Basanavicus in official documents has already been like Ivan Basanovich. And after the relocation to Russia from the last name, his descendants could completely disappear Suffix -ich - here's the Basanov.
Many Lithuanians after moving to St. Petersburg, Moscow or other cities of our country did not want to differ from the majority of the population, so they often reworked their names. So, Kazlauskas became Kozlov, Petrauskas - Petrov, Yankauskas - Yankovsky, Vasilyauskaas - Vasilyev, Zhukauskas - Zhukov, Pavlouskas - Pavlovy, Kovalyauskas - Kovalev, SimonaTas - Simonov, Vitautas - Viteovsky, Schegolevas - Shchegolev, Vitovski - Volkov or forkin, etc. P.
As a rule, educated from similar names and the nicknames of the names were simply Russified. It was enough to replace the characteristic suffix -as on the traditional russian end -One. If the Lithuanian surname ended on -i, then when "translated" was added to it --in. For example, the Latovskaya word "Laukas" means a peculiar "star", which happens on the forehead from various livestock: cows, oxen, horses. From this word, the surname of Lykis (Dyfthong "AU" was transformed into one sound "O"), and in Russian land, the descendants of its carrier turned into a leakage.
Representatives of Lithuanian nobility, escaped from civil engineers or in search of benefits, often moved to Russia, went to the service to the Moscow kings. They became the founders of such vintage noble childbirthlike Prong, Belsky, Glinsky, Khovan, Mstislavsky, Hottest.
Since in the XIV-XV centuries, during his heyday, the Grand District of Lithuanian actually owned half of Russian lands, close administrative and cultural relations led to the distribution of names, words and expressions in our country characteristic of a neighboring state. It is Lithuanian for their origin that the surname constitutes most of these Baltic borrowing. Particularly strong influence of the neighbors felt residents of Pskov and Novgorod.
For example, in the north-west of Russia there is a surname of Pascalov, formed from the nickname Pascal. The word Paskala is translated from the Lithuanian as a "weak". That is, so could call a person, sharp in the language, whose critical comments are rather painful. And his descendants have already received the last name formed from this nickname.
There is practically no doubt that the ancestors of Litvinic, Litvini, Litvinsev, Litovkin and Litvyakov are relevant roots.
Famous Linguist Sigmas Zinkevichus, the author of numerous scientific work on this topic, wrote that in the XVI-XVII centuries, representatives of Lithuanian nobility often changed their last names, adding the ending to them. It was considered prestigious in the imitation of a gentry (privileged Polish class). Thus, the ancient genus of Oginsky once owned the estate of the Uoghintai, located on the territory of the Kaishtyre district. Hence the surname.
After the joining of Lithuania, the process of violent Russification of this Baltic country began to the Russian Empire. In the XIX century, a print on Latin was banned, and Lithuanian was transferred to Cyrillic. Same names. For example, Jonas Basanavicus in official documents has already been like Ivan Basanovich. And after the relocation to Russia from the last name, his descendants could completely disappear Suffix -ich - here's the Basanov.
Many Lithuanians after moving to St. Petersburg, Moscow or other cities of our country did not want to differ from the majority of the population, so they often reworked their names. So, Kazlauskas became Kozlov, Petrauskas - Petrov, Yankauskas - Yankovsky, Vasilyauskaas - Vasilyev, Zhukauskas - Zhukov, Pavlouskas - Pavlovy, Kovalyauskas - Kovalev, SimonaTas - Simonov, Vitautas - Viteovsky, Schegolevas - Shchegolev, Vitovski - Volkov or forkin, etc. P.
As a rule, educated from similar names and the nicknames of the names were simply Russified. It was enough to replace the characteristic suffix -As on the traditional Russian ending. If the Lithuanian surname ended on -i, then when "translated" was added to it --in. For example, the Latovskaya word "Laukas" means a peculiar "star", which happens on the forehead from various livestock: cows, oxen, horses. From this word, the surname of Lykis (Dyfthong "AU" was transformed into one sound "O"), and in Russian land, the descendants of its carrier turned into a leakage.
Representatives of Lithuanian nobility, escaped from civil engineers or in search of benefits, often moved to Russia, went to the service to the Moscow kings. They became the founders of such vintage noble gods as Prong, Belsky, Glinsky, Handanist, Mstislavsky, Hottovskiy.
Choose a country and click on it - a page with lists of popular names will open.
Lithuania, 2015
State in northeastern Europe. Borders with Latvia, Poland, Belarus, Russia. Capital - Vilnius. Population - 2,898,062 (2015, rating, 3,053,800 according to the 2011 population census). Ethnic composition Country for census 2011: Lithuanians (84.16%), Poles (6.58%), Russians (5.81%), Belarusians (1.19%). Religious affiliation of the population: Catholics (77.3%), Orthodox (4.1%), non-believers (6.1%). State language - Lithuanian.
Detection official statistics Names in the country are engaged in the registration service of residents in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Lithuania (Gyventojų Registro TarnyBOS). On her website on this moment (On June 22, 2016) published lists of the ten most popular names of newborns registered in the period 1.01.2015-30.06.2015 and in the period 1.07.2015-31.12.2015. Earlier, statistics were given both throughout Lithuania and in individual cities: Vilnius, Klaipeda, Kaunas, Shauliai, Panevezis and Alitus, but now such data is not published. On the website of the Lithuanian Statistics Department also publish lists of ten most popular names - separately for newborns and residents of the countries of all ages (currently there are statistics on the 1st and second half of 2015, for 2014, 2013 and 2005. In addition, given Details about ten frequent names - both the entire population and newborns (at the moment for 2014, 2013 and 2005).
On the Internet, you can find lists and 20 of the most frequent names of newborns in Lithuania for the period, starting in 1999. In this case, the source of these data indicates the same service registration service. There is no such details on its site. Perhaps they can be found in the reports published by the Department of Statistics for Widespread Populations. Including by name.
For those who wish to learn more about Lithuanian names, additionally offer information on these etymology of some of the names. In general, Lithuanian names have quite greater specifics compared to other peoples of the Baltic States. If famous Christian names are easily recognized in the list of frequent names of Latvian and Estonians, the phonetics of the Lithuanian language adapts the names from the General Foreign Foundation more radically and they are not always recognizable for a third-party observer. In addition, among the popular names of Lithuanians there are several original personal names, i.e., formed from the words of the Lithuanian language.
The names of the boys
Names girls
Some differences in cities in 2015
The names of the boys
Names girls
(1, 2, 3 - place in the frequency list)Etymology of male names (selectively)
Adomas - "Relative" name Adam, Hebrew ("man"). Lithuanians also know the options for this name. Adam, Adamas, Adanas, Adem, Adomis.
ARNAS - Derivative full names with component Arn-. These are primarily ARNOLDAS. Arn- goes back to the ancient genermansky arN. "eagle".
Dovydas - "Relative" name David, Hebrew ("Beloved").
Gustas - 1. From Lithuanian gustas. ("Taste, desire, mood") or from gusti. ("find out"). 2. Brief form latin name Augustas. ("Sacred, majestic"). 3. Derivative of the Scandinavian name Gustavas. ("Battle" + "Wand").
Kajus - 1. Compliance with the Latin name Gaius. ("Rejoice"). 2. Perhaps Greek ("earth").
Mantas - Lithuanian, perhaps from mantus. (Smart) or from mantas. ("Property, Treasure").
Matas - "Relative" name Matvey Hebrew ("Dar [God] Yahweh").
Nojus - "relative" of the biblical name Noah, Hebrew ("rest, peace").
Rokas - "Relative" named after Rochus (laminated from German Rokwald, "Combatry" + "Edit, dominate")Etymology of women's names (selectively)
Austėja - Austea's Lithuanian mythology - the female deity bee (there was still male - Bubilas). Etymologically connected with the words austi. ("weave"), audėja. ("weaver"), audimas. ("weaving"). Brief form name - Auste.
Gabija - in the Lithuanian mythology of Gabius - the goddess of fire. The same name was the fire of a homemade hearth, revered by sacred. Etymologically connected with the word gaubti. ("Watch, protect").
Goda - from Lithuanian goda. ("Thought, Dream", also "Honor, Glory, Respect").
IEva - "relative" of the biblical name Eve, Hebrew ("Life, Life").
MIGLė - from Lithuanian migla "fog".
Rugilė - from Lithuanian rugys. ("rye").
Saulė - In Lithuanian and Latvian mythology, the daughter of the Supreme God is so called. Lithuanian sáulē. And Latvian saũle mean "sun" and relatives to Russian the sun. Name Saulė. In Lithuania, in 2009 he rose to the 12th place. In some cities, it was part of the most frequent ten (in Alytus in 2010, in Vilnius and Kaunas in 2006). I would not focus on this name, if it were not for one an interesting coincidence. Cossacks are known and quite often female name Saul, which etymologists cast to the Kazakh sәule "a ray of light".
UGNė - from Lithuanian uGNIS ("the fire"). The presence of a male name Ugnius. From the same word suggests that the male name appeared first, and from him - female UGNė.
URTė - 1. Anodna Memermanskoye ("Sword"). 2. Probabilities with the name of the Urd source in scandinavian mythology - He was located under the roots of the world tree and is allegedly translated as "fate." 3. Displays also from Lithuanian words. urtas. ("Great desire; self-confidence"), from the Danish urt. "Plants, herbs" and even from Albanian urti. "Wise". 4. Also consider as an option of the Old World Name Ruth (perhaps "girlfriend") and Dorothea - Greek ("Gift" + "God").
Viltė - from Lithuanian viltis. ("hope").
The name at all times was key in the image and character of a person. Each name had some kind of designation or value. Sometimes, the names for birth, the names did not correspond to the nature or behavior of a person and then a nickname was fixed behind it, more pronounced entity human soul or appearance.
For example, Yudgalvis - Chernogol (Juodas - Black + Galva - Head), Majuelis (Maћas - Little), Kupruk (Kupra - Gorb), Vilkas (Vilkas - Wolf), Yaunutis (Jaunas - Moldova)
Ancient Lithuanians most often designated themselves with a single personal name. But with the arrival of Christianity and the formation christian culture Personal Lithuanian names formed the basis of Lithuanian surnames, and the names of baptism of babies have already been given in accordance with christian names. For example, in the agreements of the time there were already such names - "Patas Mantigirdas", "Mikalos Uminas".
According to its word formation, Lithuanian names are divided into 3 groups:
1. Unionless - those that are formed from one component of dibasic personal names, with or without adding suffixes. For example, Kyast -is, Klasti -Tis, Kyast Gaila.
2. Two-axis names - consist of two bases or cumulatives from two names. As an example - Min - Daugas, Gedi - Minas.
3. Simple, which were formed as nicknames or were formed from nominal words. For example, Lokis - Bear) Odra (Audra - Storm)
Lithuanian women's names
Very diverse and poetic are the ancient Lithuanian names. They can denote heavenly bodies, natural phenomena, or human qualities. Saule - Sun, Jurate- Maritime Virgo, Skaiste - Clean, Danguole - Heavenly; Gintaras -ANTAR, RASA - Dew, Audra - Storm, Aidas - Echo, Linas - Luck, or being the names of rivers and locality, such as Ula - Ula, Neringa - Nearing.
Lithuanian male names
Anodian male names Have several foundations.
Taut - People (Vitautas), Kant - Patient (Cantrus), Min - Thought (Gediminas), Vil - Nadezhda, Gail - Regarding (Yagayla)
By education, male names are mostly traditional Balt names (Algirdas, Kestutis; Birute, Aldona) or Christian names adapted for Lithuanian and culture - Antona - Anthony, Jurgis - Georgy, Jonas - John, Povilas - Paul.
Lithuanian surnames
Very interesting formation of surnames in Lithuanian.
If earlier women's surnames differed from male only ending. For example, Raud - Raudis, Diarkint - Diarkintas.
That is now a suffix difference. Moreover, the formation of women's surnames goes in two directions:
1 - Formation from the surname of the Father. Sufifixes are used here -, it is, -, -, with the addition of end-.
All famous last name Christina Orbakayte, is based on the surname of his father-Torbakas. Butkus - Butkut, Caitilus - Catylute.
2.- formation from the surname of the husband for married women It occurs with the help of completely other suffixes - EN-, -Un-, -Even- and plus the ending -.
An example serve Varna - Varnah, Granius - Genushen.
Lithuanian names, like the names of most representatives of the majority european peoples, consist of two main elements: personal name (lit.vardas) and surnames (lit.pavardė). When marriage, women change the end of the surname, pointing that they are married.
Women's family names: Education Rules
Female Lithuanian surnames have such a feature - in Russian, they do not inclined even during transcription. This rule does not apply to men's Lithuanian surnames. At the moment, women have the right not to use these suffixes for the formation of the name. There are no cases when Lithuanian surnames have zero ending. In Russian, inclined only male surnamesFemale, as a rule, remain unchanged. Many Lithuanian surnames can be literally translated into Russian, but it will be right to translate them using transcription.
If the Lithuanian surname has the Suffix -ski-eared Russian ear, it indicates the place of origin of the genus. The famous genus Pilsudskih, for example, was taken from the Pylsuda's pending terrain. But the genus of Oginsky, most likely, he received the last name in honor of the High merit presented to him in 1486 for the fatherland of the immigrants. Some Lithuanian surnames are formed from the name of animals. In the interpretation of Lithuanian surnames, it is necessary to observe known caution, because the etymology is thin, and sometimes the origin of the surname can have several versions.
Many Latvians attach this letter to Russian names, for example, "Lenin" in their language sounds like Lenins, as it requires the rules of grammar. But if used in Russian translation, there is another rule here: women are not inclined, and in men - on the contrary.
In Russia, for example, the suffix "- ICH" was given only to those who were close to the king and the royal family, but in Lithuania they assigned it to everyone in a row. Lithuanian noble did not like such a sound of the names: they saw in this influence of Russia, so over time they began to actively change this suffix to the one that was used by Poles- "-ski".
The end of the 20th century showed that about 30 percent of Lithuanian surnames - surnames lithuanian originand 70 percent no. Most of Family has slavic origin. Third type treated monasone personal names. They were formed from nominal words. These words could be nicknames. Some personal names also began to turn into surnames, as well as suffix patrimonies and epithets. Nicknames were distributed in the 16th century. But over time they turned into surnames. Interestingly, the Lithuanian anthroponymic system contains about 3,000 personal names. Therefore, it is very difficult to understand the names and names of the inhabitants of this country.
Employees of the registry office of the Pushkinsky district of the Moscow region flatly refuse to register a newborn under the Lithuanian surname. As officials explain, on the territory of the Moscow region, the features of Lithuanian spelling are invalid. After some time, Tatiana filed an application for a name-named name, and only after this procedure became Karnouth. At the Lithuanian Embassy for 50 dollars, Karnauskas issued a certificate of spelling national surnames. I found. Brought to the registry office. But there again they answered me that there is no law on the formation of surnames with other rules in the suburbs, "my interlocutor continues.
Variety and features of Lithuanian surnames
Families of Lithuanian origin. Lithuanian surnames are by origin or noucent or adjectives. Latvian surnames occur from nouns, less often from adjectives. Like Lithuanian surnames, they will always end on -S (Wed. Lit. -As), -§, -is, -Y, -Ah. Like in Lithuanian, these endings maldly case And in other cases does not occur.
The surname is one of the most basic identifiers of a person who indicates its belonging to a certain family, family, people, culture, social class. IN different cultures And the languages \u200b\u200bof the surname are formed and inclined absolutely differently.
On the Internet, you can find lists and 20 of the most frequent names of newborns in Lithuania for the period, starting in 1999. In this case, the source of these data indicates the same service registration service. The Kazakhs are also known and very often the female name Saule, which ethiologists cast to the Kazakh Sәule "Light of Light" .ugnė - from Lithuanian UGNIS ("Fire"). 3. Also remove from the Lithuanian words of URTAS ("a great desire; self-confidence"), from the Danish Urta "Plants, herbs" and even from the Albanian Urti "Wise". 4. Also are considered as an option of the Wet Wet Ruth (possibly "girlfriend") and Dorothea - Greek ("Gift" + "God"). Viltė - from Lithuanian Viltis ("Nadezhda").
We present a list of popular Lithuanian male and female surnames. Here you can find truly Lithuanian surnames. Lithuania surnames Origin, list of popular surnames.
So there is - most Lithuanian surnames have Slavic suffixes, many Slavic roots. On the other hand, the forms of many Christian names in the names are carried by the trail of their common rethinking precisely among the Slavs. I really remember the article by Academician Zinkvychus, about the name of Xianis. It seems that the search book and does not happen, the "old man" in Lithuanian. Pure Lithuanian surnames in the top ten probably not at all. Urbonas - no gem, but a pure Latin.
Lithuanian surname belongs to the old type of Russian surnames formed from personal nickname. To a number of similar nickname names belongs to the nickname Lithuanian. Obviously, Lithuanian surname has an interesting centuries-old history, indicating the diversity of ways to appear Russian surnames.
Lithuanian names, being one of the most poetic and figurative, reflect the whole rich heritage of the Lithuanian people and manifold cultural traditions. There was a twisted method of naming: personal names received special definitions (eg, Mindaugas, Brother Wangstis; Sugintas, Son Neuvitas). After baptism, the courty Grand Duke Vitautas were called two personal names - Christian and Oldlytitovsky (eg, "Mycolas, otherwise Minigale;" Albertas, otherwise Manividas "). After the introduction in 1697 in the Office of the Polish language, Lithuanian suffixes, and together with them sometimes themselves, began to translate into polish language (eg, Ozhalis, Ozorynas\u003e Kozlowski). TO XVIII century A system of Lithuanian surnames was formed by origin.
Similarly, you can achieve the preservation of the Lithuanian version. female surname married. Another question is - and who needs it, beats with Russian bureaucrats?! Here is such a difficulty: the carrier of the surname is often not ready to accept the fact that his surname is inclined. And no references to the rules of the Russian language can help: they are divided into "iron" argument - the surname is not Russian. I write in Russian document, I have all the Russian surnames. "
But it should be noted that the Lithuanians used such names only in spoken Speech. Officially, they were recorded in the documents according to the Slavic metric. Purely Lithuanian surnames, thus, are the following: -Aitis (adomaticis), -Is (ALIS), -As (Eydintas), and maybe even ending-and (Radvil).