To understand why solar eclipses occur, the people of the eyelids observed them and led the score, fixing all the circumstances associated with them. At first, astronomers noticed that the solar eclipse can only with a new moon, and not at each. After that, turning attention to the position of the satellite of our planet before and after an amazing phenomenon, his connection was obvious with this phenomenon, since it turned out that it was the moon that closes the sun from the ground.

After that, astronomers drew attention to the fact that two weeks after the solar eclipse, the lunar always happens, it was especially interesting to the fact that the moon was always complete. This once again confirmed the connection of the Earth with the satellite.

Solar eclipse can be seen when the young moon completely or partly overshadows the sun. This phenomenon occurs only in the new moon, at the time when the satellite turns to our planet with an unlit side, and therefore is absolutely not visible at the night sky.

Solar eclipse can only be seen if the sun and the new moon are within the twelve degrees on both sides of one of the lunar nodes (two points in which solar and lunar orbits intersect), and the land, its satellite and the star are built into one line At the same time, the moon is in the middle.

The duration of eclipses from the initial to the final stage is no more than six hours. At this time, the shadow moves the strip along the earth's surface from the west to the east, describing an arc with a length of 10 to 12 thousand km. As for the speed of movement of the shade, it largely depends on the latitude: in the area of \u200b\u200bthe equator - 2 thousand km / h, near the poles - 8 thousand km / h.

Solar eclipse has a very limited area, because due to its small sizes, the satellite is unable to hide the luminaries at such a long distance: its diameter is less solar in four hundred times. Since it is in four hundred times closer to our planet than a star, it is still possible to close it from us. Sometimes completely, sometimes partially, and when the satellite is at the greatest distance from the ground, then ring-shaped.

Since the moon is less than just stars, but also land, and the distance to our planet in the closest point at least 363 thousand km, the diameter of the satellite shadow does not exceed 270 km, therefore, the eclipse of the sun can be observed on the way of movement of the shadow only within this distance . If the moon from the ground turns out to be at a high distance (and this distance is almost 407 thousand km), the band will be significantly less.

Scientists put forward the assumption that after six hundred million years, the satellite is so far away from the ground that his shadow will not touch the surface of the planet at all, and therefore eclipses will be impossible. Currently, solar eclipses can be seen at least two times a year, and this is considered rather rare.

Since the satellite is moving around the Earth along an elliptic orbit, distance between it and our planet during eclipse every time different, and therefore the dimensions of the shadow fluctuate in extremely wide bounds. Therefore, the completeness of the solar eclipse is measured in values \u200b\u200bfrom 0 to f:

• 1 - complete eclipse. If the diameter of the moon turns out to be larger than the diameter of the star, the phase may exceed one;
• From 0 to 1 - private (partial);
• 0 - Almost not visible. The shadow of the moon is not at all reaching the earth's surface, or only concerns the edge.

How the wonderful phenomenon is formed

You can see the complete eclipse of the star only when a person is in the strip, which will move the shadow of the moon. It often happens that just at that time, the sky is tightened with clouds and diverge no earlier than the lunar shadow leaves the territory.

If the sky is clean, with the help of special means to protect the eyes, you can observe how Selena begins to gradually obscure the sun from its right side. After the satellite turns out to be between our planet and the star, it completely closes the luminais, twilight comes, and constellations begin to manifest itself. At the same time, around the hidden satellite of the Disk of the Sun, you can see the outer layer of the solar atmosphere in the form of a crown, which is invalid.

It lasts a complete solar eclipse for a short time, about two or three minutes, after which the satellite, leaving, opens the right side of the shining - the eclipse ends, goes out the crown, starts to quickly be brightened, the stars disappear. Interestingly, the longest solar eclipse lasted about seven minutes (the following phenomenon, lasting in seven and a half minutes will be only in 2186), and the shortest was recorded in the Northern Atlantic Ocean and lasted one second.

Also, the eclipse can be observed, staying in a halftime near the strip of passing the shadow of the moon (the diameter of the half is approximately 7 thousand km). At this time, the satellite passes by the solar disk not in the center, but from the edge, closing only part of the star. Accordingly, the sky darkens not as much as during a complete eclipse, and the stars do not appear. The closer to the shade, the more closed the sun: whereas on the border between the shadow and the scene the solar disk is completely closed, on the outside, the satellite only partially concerns the star, so the phenomenon is not observed at all.

There is another classification according to which the solar eclipse is considered complete when the shadow is at least partially touched the earth's surface. If the lunar shadow passes near it, but does not concern it, the phenomenon class is classified as private.

In addition to private and complete, there are ring-shaped eclipses. They are very reminded full, since the satellite of the Earth also closes the star, but its edges are open and form a thin, dazzling ring (while the solar eclipse on the duration is much shorter than ring-shaped).

You can watch this phenomenon because the satellite, bypassing the star, is maximally distinguished from our planet and, although his shadow surface does not concern, it turns out to be visually through the middle of the solar disk. Since the diameter of the moon is much smaller than the diameter of the star, it is not completely overlapping it.

When you can see eclipses

Scientists were calculated that for a hundred years there are about 237 eclipses of the Sun, of which one hundred and sixty partial, sixty-three complete, fourteen ring-shaped.

But the complete solar eclipse in the same place is extremely rare, with the frequency they do not differ. For example, in the capital of Russia, Moscow, from the eleventh to the eighteenth century, astronomers recorded 159 eclipses, of which only three complete (in 1124, 1140, 1415). After that, the scientists recorded complete eclipses in 1887 and 1945 and determined that the next full eclipse in the capital of Russia will be in 2126.

At the same time, in another region of Russia, in the south-west of Siberia, near the city of Biysk, a complete eclipse could be seen three times - in 1981, 2006 and 2008.

One of the largest eclipses, the maximum phase of which was 1.0445, and the width of the shadow spread out 463 km, occurred in March 2015. The moon seventies covered almost all of Europe, Russia, the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia. Complete solar eclipse could be observed in the northern latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic (as for Russia, the highest phase of 0.87 was in Murmansk). The next phenomenon of this kind can be observed in Russia and other parts of the Northern Hemisphere on March 30, 2033.

Is it dangerous?

Since solaries are rather unusual and interesting spectacles, it is not surprising that almost everything wants to watch all the phases of this phenomenon. Many understand what to look at the star, without defending the eyes, it is categorically impossible: as Astronomers say, the unarmed eye can be viewed on this phenomenon only twice - at the beginning of the right eye, then - left.

And all because only one glance at the brightest star of the sky can be completely unreleased, damaging the retina to the blindness, causing the burn, which, damaging the columns and sticks, forms a small blind spot. The burn is dangerous because the man does not feel at the beginning and its destructive action is manifested only in a few hours.

Having decided to watch the sun in Russia or at any other point of the globe, it is necessary to take into account that it is impossible to look at it not only with a naked eye, but also through sunglasses, CD discs, color film, film for x-ray, especially filmed, toned glass, Binoculars and even a telescope if special protection is not provided in it.

But you can look at this phenomenon you can about thirty seconds, taking advantage of:

• Points designed for the observation of this phenomenon and providing for protection against ultraviolet rays:
• Unsecured black and white photoplinet;
• A photo filter that is used to observe the solar eclipse;
• Welding glasses, protection in which is not lower than "14".

If it didn't get the right tools, it really wants to see the wonderful phenomenon of nature, you can create a safe projector: take two sheets of white cardboard and pin, after one of the sheets break through the needle hole (at the same time it is not expanded, otherwise you can only see it Beam, but not a darkened sun).

After that, the second cardboard needs to be located opposite the side first in the opposite side, and the observer himself should turn back to the star. The sunbeam will pass through the hole and create a projection of the solar eclipse to another cardboard.

All residents of our planet dream of seeing such an incredible sight, like a solar eclipse. This event is very rare and his every appearance causes genuine interest of the masses. In the article, consider what it is for the phenomenon, we will analyze the advice of astrologers and will determine with the dates of solar eclipses.

And why it happens

The eclipse of the Sun is one of the most anticipated astronomical events. It is observed when the moon, passing between the sun and the globe, covers a star from the inhabitants of our world. The shadow dropped by the moon to the ground has a small size relative to our planet, so it cannot be plunged at once its entire area.

By the number of closed surface of the Sun, highlight:

• Time of complete solar eclipse. When an observer in the Lunar Shadow band, the eclipse of the sun will close the entire solar disk, and only the so-called solar crown will be visible on the darkened sky.
• Private eclipse is called so because only the share of the solar circle will be closed for spectators in the field. Accordingly, this event will be seen only with that part of our planet, which falls under the lunar shadow or adjacent to this darkened area (this approximate zone is called the half).
• Ring-like solar eclipse. In 2017, this option was observed by residents of the South Pole. It is observed when the moon at the time of the eclipse is located on a large removal relative to our planet and the shadow from it does not reach the Earth. In this situation, it will be seen how the moon moves in the center of the Solar Circle, but its diameter is less than the size of the solar disk, and, accordingly, the sun will not hide completely, and it will look like a bright ring with a dark spot in the middle. The sky darkens slightly, discerning will not work.

In a situation where the eclipse is seen from different points of the Earth (in the lane shadow), as a complete and ring-shaped, it will be classified as a complete annular or hybrid.

Solar eclipses of the 20th century were especially interesting to science. Thanks to this phenomenon, scientists were able to explore the surroundings of the Sun, which in normal conditions it is impossible. Since 1996, SOHO satellite helps in this. Until the beginning of the 20th century, a chromosphere was studied during the eclipse period and several comets were seen.

Dates of solar eclipses of 2018

In 2018, this will be observed three times.
02/15/2018 at 16.30 A private solar eclipse will occur on MSC, which will be able to succeed in South America and Antarctica. Russians admire the phenomenon will not work.
07/13/2018 At 06.02, another private eclipse will take place on MSC, they will be able to see it in Tasmania, South Australia and East of Antarctica.
11.08.2018 at 12.47 Moscow time, a private solar eclipse will be held at 12.47 Moscow time. This time, to see with its own eyes, an unusual phenomenon will be introduced to the Russians (central part, Siberia, Far East), as well as residents of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Northeast China, Scandinavian countries, Greenland and Northern Canada.

Features of the eclipses of the coming 2018

According to astrologers, each new eclipse affects a person in a special way, due to the unique position of the planets and stars relative to each other, the sun and the moon at the time of the phenomenon. Calculating the influence of the interactions of heavenly bodies, the astrologists have compiled recommendations on the actions of a person at the time of the solar eclipse of 2018:

• In the near Sunny Eclipse February 15, 2018 - a person can unwittingly manifest itself or strengthen the desire for not the best and noble acts. Consequently, on this day the most carefully should be controlled by their emotions, words and actions, try not to be drawn into conflict.
• Eclipse July 13, 2018. Any undertakings on this day are doomed to failure.
• Eclipse August 11, 2018. It should be carefully referring to the adoption of important decisions on an eclipse day, and better to postpone at all. A person will master the scattering, weakens the attention to the details, as a result of which the important nuances can be missed on this day and, having accepted any decision, subsequently regret it.

Solar Eclipse 2019

In 2019, as in 2018, earthlings will be able to admire the sunny eclipse in the dates:

Preparation

Both doctors and specialists in such directions as astrology and esoteric are urged not to refer to the phenomenon of solar eclipse, as something catastrophic and destructive for humans. Before the coming astronomical phenomenon, it is not necessary to drastically change the lifestyle, putting the house in anxious waiting. Nevertheless, before the date of the solar eclipse, there will be no extra measures aimed at improving overall well-being: walking in the fresh air, moderation in nutrition. Not very urgent cases and care should also be postponed to avoid additional emotional and physical exertion on the eve of the eclipse. Such "unloading" mode will allow you to remove the anxiety and nervousness in this unusual period.

Among the astrologers and esoterikov it is believed that the solar eclipse is the moment of purification, at this time the enterprises associated with deliverance from all the way that man or hurts its health is the most successful.

During future phenomena, as in solar eclipses in 2017, it should be borne in mind:

What can not be done during the eclipse

According to esotericov, the period of nearest solar eclipsene is unfavorable for any undertakings.

These days have such features:

• It is believed that on the Eclipse Day, the likelihood of rapid acts is great.
• It is undesirable to schedule large financial transactions on this day, marriage registration, signing important documents.
• Caution should be treated with planned medical manipulations in this date, if there is an opportunity, it is better to postpone the procedure for another day.
• It is not recommended to use psychotropic substances.
• Also advise not to perceive the information "close to heart", you need to try to abstract and assess the situation objectively.

In order to prepare for natural phenomenon on time, you need to plan the necessary cases in advance and compare the scheduled with the list of solar eclipses .

Effect of Eclipse on Man

Medicine scientists adhere to the opinions that an astrological phenomenon does not have a significant impact on the physical health of a person, regardless of where a solar eclipse can be seen. Since the phenomenon is quite short for duration, it simply will not have time to seriously intervene in the biochemical processes of the body.

However, this amazing natural phenomenon traditionally caused a sense of anxiety in the population of the Earth, since the event is relatively rare, and is subconsciously perceived by a person as an alien. Similar uncomfortable sensations, people are experiencing, being in an unfamiliar hostile environment. A particularly pronounced feeling of anxiety arises in people with high meterans sensitivity, with manifestations of vegetative dystonia, in anxious and disruption, in persons with depressive disorders.

It is noted that during the eclipse period, the frequency of suicidal manifestations is somewhat increasing. Therefore, people with the above features of the personality of doctors are recommended when the eclipse date approaches the sedative reception in advance. And on the day of the phenomenon, if possible, protect yourself from additional experiences and loads.

In antiquity, solar and lunar eclipses caused superstitious horror in people. It was believed that eclipses foreshadow wars, hunger, ruin, mass diseases. The coating of the sun moon is called a solar eclipse. This is a very beautiful and rare phenomenon. The solar eclipse occurs if at the time of the new moon the plane of the ecliptic is crossed.

Solar eclipse.

Ring-like solar eclipse. If the Disk of the Sun is completely closed by the Moon Disk, then the eclipse is called full. In Periguee, the moon is closer to Earth for 21,000 km from the average distance, in Apoghee - further by 21,000 km. From this changes the angular dimensions of the moon. If the angular diameter of the moon disk (about 0.5 °) turns out to be slightly less than the angular diameter of the Sun disk (about 0.5 °), then at the time of the maximum phase of the eclipse from the Sun remains visible a bright narrow ring. Such an eclipse is called ring-shaped. And finally, the Sun may not completely hide behind the Moon's disc due to the incomprehension of their centers in the sky. Such an eclipse is called private. Observe such a beautiful education as a solar crown, only possible during complete eclipses. Such observations even in our time can give a lot to science, so observe the country where the solar eclipse is, astronomers come from many countries.

The solar eclipse begins with the sunrise in the western regions of the earth's surface and ends in the eastern regions at sunset. Usually, a complete solar eclipse lasts a few minutes (the greatest duration of the total solar eclipse of 7 minutes 29 seconds will be July 16, 2186).

On the moon there are solar eclipses. On earth at this time lunar eclipses occur. The moon moves from the West to the East, so the solar eclipse begins with the western edge of the solar disk. The degree of coating of the sun moon is called a phase of solar eclipse. Full solar eclipses can be seen only in those areas of the Earth for which the strip of the shadow of the moon. The shadow diameter does not exceed 270 km, so the total eclipse of the sun can be seen only on a small section of the earth's surface. Full solar eclipse on March 7, 1970.

The moon shadow is noticeable on the surface of the Earth. Although solar eclipses occur more often than the lunar, in each separate place of the Earth, solar eclipses are observed much less than lunar.

Causes of solar eclipses.

The plane of the lunar orbit in the intersection with the sky forms a large circle - the moon path. The plane of the earth orbit intersects with the celestial sphere by ecliptic. The plane of the lunar orbit is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic at an angle of 5 ° 09?. The period of circulation of the moon around the earth (star, or siderial period) P \u003d 27,32166 of the earth's day or 27 days 7 hours 43 min.

The plane of the ecliptic and the lunar path intersect with each other in a straight line, called the line of nodes. Points of intersection of the line of nodes with ecliptic are called ascending and downstream nodes of the lunar orbit. The lunar nodes are continuously moving towards the movement of the moon itself, that is, to the west, performing a complete turn in 18.6 years. Every year the longitude of the ascending node decreases at about 20 °. Since the plane of the lunar orbit is inclined to the plane of the ecliptic at an angle of 5 ° 09 09?, The moon during the new moon or full moon can be far from the plane of the ecliptic, and the moon disk will pass higher or below the sun disk. In this case, the eclipse does not occur. To happen solar or lunar eclipse, it is necessary that the moon in the time of the new moon or the full moon is near the ascending or downward node of its orbit, i.e. Not far from Ecliptic. In astronomy, many signs entered in ancient times have been preserved. The symbol of the ascending assembly means the head of the Dragon of Rahu, penetrating in the sun and causing, on Indian legends, its eclipse.

Moon eclipses.

During the full lunar eclipse, the moon completely goes into the shadow of the Earth. The full phase of the lunar eclipse continues much longer than the total phase of the solar eclipse. The shape of the edge of the earth's shadow with lunar eclipses served as an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist aristotle one of the weighty evidence of the shag-likeness of the Earth. The philosophers of ancient Greece were calculated that the land is approximately three times more than the moon, simply based on the duration of the eclipse (the exact value of this coefficient is 3.66).

The moon at the time of the full lunar eclipse is in reality deprived of sunlight, so the full lunar eclipse is visible from any point of the hemisphere of the Earth. Eclipse begins and ends simultaneously for all geographic points. However, the local time of this phenomenon will be different. Since the moon moves from the West to the East, the left edge of the moon is first among the ground shadow. Eclipse can be complete or private depending on whether the moon is included in the earthly shadow completely or passes near her edge. The closer to the lunar node there is a lunar eclipse, the greater its phase. Finally, when the moon disk covers not a shadow, and halftime, half-dried eclipses. It is difficult to notice their naked eye. During the eclipse of the moon hides in the shadow of the Earth and, it would seem, every time it should disappear from sight, because Earth is opaque. However, the earthly atmosphere disperses the sun's rays that fall on the eclipse surface of the moon "bypass" the land. The reddish color of the disk is due to the fact that the red and orange rays are best passing through the atmosphere.

The reddish color of the disk during the full lunar eclipse is due to the dissipation of the sun's rays and the atmosphere of the earth.

Each lunar eclipse is different in the distribution of brightness and colors in the earth's shadow. The color of the eclipsed moon is often rated on a special scale proposed by French astronomer Andre Dangon:

0 points - Eclipse is very dark, in the middle of the eclipse, the moon is almost or not visible at all.

1 score - Eclipse Dark, gray, the details of the surface of the moon are not visible at all.

2 points - the eclipse is dark red or reddish, near the center of the shadow there is a darker part.

3 points - the eclipse of red-brick color, the shadow is surrounded by a grayish or yellowish border.

4 points - the eclipse of copper-red, very bright, the outer zone is light, bluish.

If the plane of the moon orbit would coincide with the plane of the ecliptic, then the lunar eclipses would repeat every month. But the angle between these planes is 5 ° and the moon twice a month only crosses the ecliptic at two points, called the nodes of the lunar orbit. Ancient astronomers knew about these nodes, calling them head and the tail of the dragon (Rahu and Ketu). In order for the lunar eclipse, the moon in the full moon should be near the node of his orbit. Over the year, 1-2 lunar eclipses usually occur. In some years, they may not be at all, and sometimes the third is happening. In the rarest cases, the fourth eclipse is also, but only a private semountain.

Prediction of eclipses.

The time interval through which the moon returns to its node is called a draconic month, which is equal to 27.21 days. Through this time, the moon crosses the ecliptic at the point shifted with respect to the previous intersection by 1.5 ° to the west. The moon phases are repeated on average after 29.53 days (synodic month). The time interval of 346.62 days, for which the center of the Sun disk passes through the same node of the lunar orbit, is called a draconary year. The period of recipes of eclipses - saros - will be equal to the period of time, after which the beginning of these three periods will coincide. Saros on ancient Egyptian means "repetition". Long before our era, still in antiquity, found that Saros lasts 18 years 11 days 7 hours. Saros includes: 242 draconic months or 223 synodic months or 19 draconic years. During each Saros, 70 to 85 eclipses occur; Of these, there are about 43 solar and 28 luna. Throughout the year, the largest seven eclipses can occur - either five solar and two lunar, or four solar and three lunar. The minimum number of eclipses in the year is two solar eclipses. Solar eclipses occur more often, but they are rarely observed in the same area, since these eclipses are visible only in a narrow strip of the moon shadow. At some specific point of the surface, the total solar eclipse is observed on average 1 time in 200-300 years.

Solar eclipse occurs when the sun, the moon and the earth are exposed on one straight line, astronomers call such a sizagi phenomenon. During the eclipse, the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, throwing the shadow to the ground, and from the point of view of the earth observer, the moon flashes (eclipses) the sun, partially or completely. Such a heavenly phenomenon may be happening only during the new moon.

However, solar eclipses do not occur on every new moon, because the orbit of the moon is inclined at an angle of 5 degrees to the orbital plane of the Earth's rotation around the Sun (Ecliptic). The points where two orbits intersect are called lunar nodes, and the eclipses of the Sun take place when the new moon occurs near the moon node. The sun should be close to the node, then it can form an ideal or almost perfect straight line with moon and earth. This period is twice a year and lasts an average of 34.5 days - the so-called "Eclipse Corridor".

How many solar eclipses in the year?

One calendar year can be from two to five solar eclipses, but most often two (once every six months). Five eclipses in one year is a rare phenomenon, the last time it happened in 1935, and next time it will be in 2206.

Types of solar eclipses

According to the astronomical classification, they can be different types: full, ring-shaped and private. In the photo below you can see their differences. There is also a rare hybrid form when the eclipse begins as a ring, and ends as complete.

Myths and legends about the eclipses of the Sun

Throughout the history of mankind, they were associated with myths, legends and superstitions. In antiquity, they caused fear, they were considered as unkind omen, which injure disasters and destruction. Therefore, many nations have been the custom of spending magical rituals to drive away possible troubles.

Ancient people tried to understand why heavenly shine sometimes disappears from the sky, so they came up with various explanations of this phenomenon. So there were myths and legends:

In ancient India, they believed that the monstrous dragon Rahu periodically devour the sun. According to Indian mythology, Rahu kidnapped and tried to drink a drink of gods - ambrosia, for it was beheaded. His head flew to the sky and swallowed the sun disc, so that darkness came.

In Vietnam, people believed that the sun devours a giant frog, and Viking was believed that the wolves eat it.

In Korean folklore there is a tale of the mythical dogs who wanted to steal the sun.

In the ancient Chinese myth, the Heavenly Dragon joined the sun for lunch.

To get rid of a voracious demon, many ancient peoples during the solar eclipse was a custom to gather, beat into pots and pans, producing loud noise. It was believed that the noise will scare the demon, and he will return the heavenly shine.

The ancient Greeks considered the eclipse as the manifestation of the gods of the gods and were convinced that afichanal disasters and wars should be followed.

In ancient China, these celestial phenomena were associated with the success and health of the emperor and did not foretell that he would undergo any danger.

In Babylon, believed that the eclipses of the Sun were a bad sign for the ruler. But Babylonian masterfully knew how to predict them, and, in order to protect the reigning person, the deputy was chosen for some period. He held the royal throne and took honors, but his rule lasted for a short time. It was done for only the time king to accept the wrath of the gods, and not the real ruler of the country.

Modern beliefs

The fear of solar eclipses has been preserved so far, and even in our time, many consider them a bad sign. In some countries there is a belief that they are dangerous for children and pregnant women, so they need to stay indoors during eclipse and do not look at the sky.

In many parts of India, people on Eclipse Day observe the post due to the belief that any cooked food will be unclean.

But the folk beliefs are not always attributed to them unkind glory. For example, Italy believes that flowers planted during solar eclipse will be brighter and more beautiful than flowers planted on any other day.

Solar eclipse:
Full Sun Eclipse, Sun Eclipse, Ring Eclipse

Recently, astronomy has ceased to be a mandatory subject at school, hopes are imposed on this publication on the possibility of filing forced space enlightenment spaces with the help of the Internet ...

First of all, we turn to the Big Soviet Encyclopedia to take advantage of the proven time and, undoubtedly, outstanding scientists with the definition of the subject of our conversation: "Eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon, which is that the earth observer Sun, the moon, the planet, the satellite of the planet or the star cease to be visible in whole or in part.
Eclipses occur due to the fact that either one heavenly body closes the other, or the shadow of one unlimited body falls on the other of the same body. The eclipse of the Sun is observed when it closes (flashes) the moon. " Solar eclipses always occur in the new moon.

Solar eclipse - every time a unique phenomenon.
What are the eclipses?

We are so accustomed to our moon, which I do not even suspect how lucky to us! And lucky to us twice. The first, our moon is not some kind of rapid cobblestone like Phobos or Daimos, but a neat round mini-planet! Second: The moon is now far enough from the ground and there are no daily earthquakes and huge waves, once in the past of the moon tidal forces (in our time, the moon is removed from the ground at a speed of 4 cm per year - in the early epochs, it happened faster). The moon is now so far that its visible angular size is close to the angular size of an even more distant sun. And once the moon was so close to the ground that solar eclipses happened every new moon, truth to look at them at that time it was still no one ...

Each solar eclipse is uniquely unique, exactly how the eclipse will look for the earth observer it is determined by 3 factors (in addition to the weather): visible from the observation point by angular diameters (sizes) of the Sun α and Moon β and the trajectory of the movement of the moon relative to the sun and stars (Fig. 2).

Fig. 2. Corner diameters visible from the surface of the Earth ( α ) and the moon ( β ), Traveling the movement of the moon along the starry sky (dottedier).

Due to the fact that the moon and the earth move through elliptical orbits (the moon is closer, then further from the ground, and the Earth, in turn, is closer, then further from the sun), the visible corner diameter of the moon depending on the orbital position may vary from 29 , 43 "to 33.3" (angular minutes), and the visible angular diameter of the Sun from 31.6 "to 32.7". At the same time, their average visible diameters, respectively, are at the Moon: 31 "05" and at the Sun: 31 "59".
Depending on whether the visible trajectories of the motion of the moon passes, through the center of the Sun, or crosses its visible area in an arbitrary place, as well as various combinations of visible angular sizes of the moon and the sun, traditionally distinguish three types of solar eclipses: private, full and annular eclipse .

Private solar eclipse

If the observed trajectory of motion of the moon does not pass through the center of the Sun, then the moon, as a rule, cannot completely obscure the sun (Fig. 3) - the eclipse in which the moon covers the sun is not fully called private (private from the word "part" with meaning "partial eclipse"). Such an eclipse can occur with any possible combinations of visible angular diameters of the moon and the sun.

Most of the solar eclipses occurring on Earth are private eclipses (approximately 68%).

Full solar eclipse

If at any point of the surface of the Earth, observers can see that the moon closes the sun completely, then such an eclipse is called a complete solar eclipse. Such an eclipse occurs when the visible trajectory of the moon moves through the center of the Sun or very close to it and at the same time the visible diameter of the moon β should be greater or at least equal to the apparent diameter of the Sun α (Fig.4).

Fig. four. Full solar eclipse, March 20, 2015 in 12:46 Observed near the North Pole.

A complete solar eclipse can be observed within very small areas of the earth's surface, as a rule, this is a strip of up to 270 km, outlined by shadow of the moon, - observers on the adjacent territories seize only a private solar eclipse (Fig. 5).

Fig. five. Full solar eclipse, shadow from the moon on the surface of the earth, the dark dotted line indicates the trajectories of the movement of the shadow region

For each concrete terrain, a complete solar eclipse is rare. In Moscow, for example, a complete solar eclipse was the last time in August 1887 (08/19/1887), and the following is expected on 10/16/2012. So, Syddyat seeking in one place, you can never in life not to see a complete solar eclipse ( true, in August 1887, Muscovites did not see him anyway because of bad weather). Therefore: "If you want to survive an event, do our best, so that it happens!" / Slogan enthusiasts /
Thank God, overall on the surface of the Earth, complete eclipses happen not so rarely on average once every a year and a half and constitute almost 27% of all eclipse options.

Ring-shaped solar eclipse

If the trajectory movement of the moon takes place near the center of the sun, but the visible corner diameter of the moon is less than sunny β < α , at the time of the combination of the centers, the moon can not challenge the sun completely and around it creates a glow in the form of a ring, such an eclipse is called ring-like (Fig. 6), but in oral speech, traditionally seemingly expressing the meaning of the expression of the annular eclipse, i.e. . "Ring-shaped solar eclipse" is a term, and "ring eclipse" - so far only jargon ...

Fig. 6. Ring-like solar eclipse, someday ...

Ring-shaped (ring) solar eclipses - currently, the most rare type of eclipse, their share has only 5%. But, as we know, the moon is gradually moving away from the ground and annular eclipses will happen more and more often.

Why solar eclipses happen quite infrequently

The main reason that solar eclipses do not occur in our time every new moon is that the plane of the orbits of the moon does not coincide with the plane of the ecliptic (plane of the Earth orbit) and tilted to it at an angle of 5.145 degrees (Fig. 7, pos.1). In this figure, as, however, on all others, the size of the angles and the ratios of the objects of objects are exeted for visibility of images.

Fig. 7.

Work on the article "Solar Eclipse" continues.

Sergey OV. (Seosnews9)

Solar eclipses of 2019:
January 2019 - Private solar eclipse ;
July 2019 - Full solar eclipse;
December 2019 -(observed in Russia)

06.01.2019 04:28 - New Moon.
This new moon will happenprivate solar eclipse January 6, 2019 at 04:41 mskEclipse it can be observed In the eastern part of Mongolia northeastern China, Korea and Japan, in Russia - in the south of Eastern Siberia, Far East, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.

02.07.2019 22:16 - New Moon.
This new moon will happen full solar eclipse , Eclipse Maximum Phase comes July 2, 2019 at 22:26 MSKThe private eclipse of the Sun will be observed only in the south of the Pacific Ocean, Central and South America (Chile, Argentina), alas: in Russia, there will be no observed ...

26.12.2019 08:13 - New Moon.
This new moon will make sure the inhabitants of the Earth by the third eclipse of the Sun in the year - it will be ring-shaped solar eclipse (ring), phase maximum eclipse comes December 26, 2019 05:18:53 MSKThe annular eclipse can be observed in the east of the Arabian Peninsula, south of Indinia, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Malaysia and Indonesia, private in Central and Southeast Asia, Australia and the West of Oceania , in Russia, the eclipse will be observed in Transbaikalia and Primorye .

2018:
February 2018 - Private solar eclipse;
July 2018 - Private solar eclipse;
August 2018 - Private solar eclipse (observed in Russia)

16.02.2018 00:05 - New Moon
This new moon will happen private solar eclipse , Eclipse Maximum Phase comes 02/15/2018 at 23:52 MSKThe private eclipse of the Sun will be observed only in Antarctica and South of South America (Chile, Argentina) - Summary: in Russia will not be observed.

13.07.2018 05:48 - New Moon ( , (Super new moon) - option of translation from the English word "Supermoon", the other - "Super-Moon". In the new moon, the moon is usually not visible, but in such cases there are very strong tides, maybe the best transfer option will be: "Strong Moon"?)
In addition, this new moon will happen private solar eclipse , Eclipse Maximum Phase comes 07/13/2018 at 06:02 MSK. Eclipse will be observed, alas, only in Antarctica on the shore of Badda, the most southern part of Australia, Tasmania or in the Indian Ocean water area between Antarctica and Australia - in Russia, the eclipse will not be observed .

11.08.2018 12:58 - New moon( , Strong moon)
This new moon will also happenprivate solar eclipse , Eclipse Maximum Phase comes August 11, 2018 at 12:47 MSKEclipse can be observed in the North of Canada, Greenland in Scandinavian countries, In Russia - on the northern and average latitudes of Central Russia, throughout Siberia and the Far East , northeastern part of Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China .

2017: February 2017 - Ring Solar Eclipse; August 2017 - Full Solar Eclipse

February 26, 2017 17:58
This winter new moon will happen ring-shaped solar eclipse . Phase maximum eclipse comes February 26, 2017 at 17:54 MSK . The annular eclipse of the Sun will be observed in the south of Argentina and Chile, the southwest of Angola, and private In the south of South America, Antarctica, Western and South Africa - in Russia will not be observed.

August 21, 2017 21:30 - Astronomical new moon.
This summer new moon will happen full solar eclipse . Phase maximum eclipse comes August 21, 2017 at 21:26 MSK. The total eclipse of the Sun will be observed, alas, only in North America in the United States, private in Russia - on Chukotka (the moon is only a little sun); in other countries - in the USA and Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland and Great Britain, Portugal (at sunset), Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guinea and Brazil.

March 2016 - Full Solar Eclipse + Superly

09 March 2016 04:54 MSK - Astronomical New Moon;
This new moon will happen full solar eclipse, Eclipse Maximum Phase comes March 09, 2016 at 04:58 MSK, The total eclipse of the Sun will be observed on the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Halmaber, private in Russia - in Primorye, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Kamchatka; In other countries in India, China, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, in the USA and Canada (Alaska) ;

01.09.2016 12:03 - Astronomical New Moon;
This new moon will happen ring-shaped solar eclipse, Eclipse Maximum Phase comes September 01, 2016 at 12:08 MSK The annular eclipse can be observed, alas, only in Central Africa and Madagascar, and private in all countries of Africa, in Saudi Arabia, Yemen and in the Indian Ocean

March 2015 - Full Solar Eclipse + Superline

March 20, 2015 12:36 MSK - Astronomical New Moon; ;
This new moon will have a complete solar eclipse, the extrusion maximum phase will come on March 20, 2015 at 12:46:47 MSK, full eclipse of the sun It will be possible to observe the Faroe Islands, Spitsbergen and the North Pole, private eclipse in Russia - throughout the European part and Western Siberia; as well as in Greenland, Europe and Central Asia. ;

* Eclipse, Eclipse \u003d Z.

Z. - Astronomical phenomena, which are that the earth observer Sun, the moon, planet, the satellite of the planet or the star cease to be visible in whole or in part. Z. Owning due to the fact that either one heavenly body closes the other, or the shadow of one unlimited body falls to another body. So, Z. Suns are observed when the moon closes him; Z. Moon - when the shadow of land falls on it; Z. Satellites Planets - When they fall into the shadow of the planet; Z. in double stars - when one star covers another. By Z. also include the passage of the satellite on the disk of the planet, the closure of the moon stars and the planets (T. N. Coatings (see coating)), the passage of the internal planets - Mercury and Venus - on the solar disc and passing the satellites on the planet disk. With the beginning of flights of manned spacecraft, it was possible to observe from these ships Z. Sun land (see Ill.). The greatest interest represents Z. Suns and Moon, associated with the movement of the moon around the Earth.

Big Soviet Encyclopedia, 3 ed. 1969 - 1978