The Polish proverb is translated into Russian as. Polish proverbs

When studying a foreign language, it is very important not only to know the words and the basics of grammar, but also to be able to apply your knowledge in a conversation. Your vocabulary will be much richer if you master not only memorized phrases and words, but also phraseological units, slang or proverbs.

In previous articles, we have already written about and. Knowing them is important not only to enrich your own language, but also to communicate with foreigners. Indeed, often in a conversation you can hear the use of phraseological units (e.g. Bądź mądry i pisz wiersze) or slang (siema - short for the floor Jak się masz? - how are you?) And then, even knowing the literal translation, you may not understand the essence of what was said. That is why it is important to enrich your knowledge of a foreign language and constantly improve it.

This article focuses on Polish proverbs. Like every nation, Poles have their own "piggy bank" of folk wisdom, phrases with which they still use. Proverb is small form folk art, the author of proverbs is usually unknown. Often this is a short, rhythmic expression that carries some kind of generalized instructive thought or conclusion.

Proverbs usually have a didactic (instructive) bias and carry a certain hidden moral sense... Very often, proverbs combine metaphors, comparisons, allegories and other ways by which, in fact, this instructive meaning is conveyed.

Scholars argue that proverbs are not only instructive sentences. With the help of them, you can learn a lot about the people to whom this proverb belongs, about its mentality and about certain national characteristics... So, ethnographers and folklorists are trying to determine the connection between the content of proverbs and national character; psychologists investigate in the process of creating proverbs, certain features of human thinking.

People have long loved to use proverbs in appropriate situations, with the help of which it was possible to briefly convey some instructive message. Even in medieval Europe, whole collections of proverbs were formed. About three dozen of such manuscript collections have survived to this day, compiled in the XIII - early. XV century. Some proverbs even became the subjects of paintings by famous Western European artists Pieter Bruegel the Elder and El Greco.

"Flemish proverbs"Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1559

Based on proverbs, they wrote whole works of art, staged theatrical performances and made films. For example, the famous comedy play of the Ukrainian playwright Mykhailo Staritskiy "Chasing Two Hares" (1883) or famous novel Panas Mirny "Do the oxen roar when the manger is full?" (1875).

The term “przysłowie” was introduced into the Polish language by Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro, a philosopher, nobleman, held the posts of Lviv castellan (from 1654), Podolsk governor (from 1676) and marshal of the Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (from 1652). Fredo used the term "przysłowie" as a translation of the Latin word "proverbium" and in 1658 compiled a collection "Przysłowia mów potocznych".

Anjay Maximilian Fredo

However, this was not the first Polish collection of proverbs. Forty years earlier than Fredo, in 1618, Salomon Rysiński compiled a collection of Polish proverbs "Proverbiorum Polonicorum", which was compiled in Latin and Polish.

"Proverbiorum Polonicorum" (1618) - the first Polish collection of proverbs

So, as the English proverb says, "A good expression is always appropriate." We invite you to familiarize yourself with the most common proverbs in Polish, which we have divided into separate topics. Therefore, as they say, wind it up :)

A brilliant mind was always appreciated among the people, and stupidity, on the contrary, was cruelly ridiculed. This is what Polish proverbs about wisdom and intelligence usually reflect:

• a co po czyjej wielkości, jak nie ma w głowie mądrości - that there is someone's greatness when there is no mind
• bez ciekawości nie ma mądrości - without interest there is no wisdom
• broda mędrcem nie czyni - a beard won't make a sage
• co głowa, to rozum - that the head is the mind
• komu Bóg rozumu nie da, kowal mu go nie ukuje - to whom God does not give mind, the blacksmith will not blow him
• kto nie ma w głowie, ten ma w nogach - whoever does not have in his head, he has in his feet
• kto z przyrodzenia głupi, i w Paryżu sobie rozumu nie kupi - whoever is stupid from birth will not buy a mind in Paris
• co dwie głowy, to nie jedna - that there are two heads, then not one

• lepiej z mądrym zgubić, niż z głupim znaleźć - it is better to lose with a smart than with a stupid find
• mądrej głowie dość dwie słowie - two words are enough for a wise head
• mądry Polak po szkodzie - smart Pole after misfortune
• mądry przyjmie radę, głupi nią wzgardzi - smart takes advice, stupid neglects it
• na mądrej głowie włos się nie trzyma - on smart head hair does not hold
• nie po to głowa, żeby na niej czapkę nosić - not a head to wear a hat on

Health is the key to happiness, good luck, and, in fact, life. No wonder the issue of health has long been devoted much attention.

• błędy lekarza pokrywa ziemia - the doctor's mistakes are covered by the earth
• skleroza nie choroba, tylko nogi bolą - sclerosis is not a disease, only legs hurt
• w zdrowym ciele zdrowy duch - in healthy body healthy mind

Anger has been perceived negatively at all times. People have long understood that anger brings only harm to a person. This is what Polish proverbs are trying to teach us:

• gniew jest złym doradcą - anger - bad counselor
• gniew nie ma rozumu - anger has no mind
• gniew piękności szkodzi - anger harms beauty
• praca, gniew, picie najzdrowsze w miarę - work, anger and drinking are useful when they have a measure

Love is the most beautiful of all feelings. Songs, poems, sonnets, including proverbs, have been dedicated to love at all times:

• kiedy miłość szepce, rozum milczeć musi - when love speaks, the mind should be silent
• miłość jest ślepa - love is blind

• miłość miłość rodzi - love begets love

Hope is one of the strongest feelings. Everyone has a different attitude to hope: whom does it support, and someone decides to rely only on their own strengths. Here's what the Polish proverb about hope teaches:

• kto żyje nadzieją, ten umiera głodem - who lives in hope, he dies of hunger
• nadzieja matką głupich - hope - mother of fools
• nadzieja karmi, ale nie tuczy - hope feeds, but does not fatten

True sincere friendship is one of the most valuable things in a person's life. True friend appreciated at all times and this is what is conveyed in the proverbs:

• najmniejsza przyjaźń nie zawadzi - even the smallest friendship will not hurt
• prawdziwych przyjaciół poznaje się w biedzie - a true friend is known in trouble
• przyjaźń bez zaufania nic nie warta - friendship without trust is worthless
• przyjaźń szczera nie umiera - sincere friendship does not die

Fear is inherent in everyone, because it is one of the basic human emotions. And of course, such a strong feeling could not fail to convey in the proverbs:

• jak trwoga, to do Boga - like anxiety, then to God
• nie taki diabeł straszny, jak go malują - the devil is not such a terrible devil as he is painted
• strach ma wielkie oczy - big eyes in fear

"Bread is the head of everything" - this is exactly what the well-known proverb says. This product is most dedicated to folk proverbs, because once it was really difficult to survive without him. Bread has long been considered the measure of a person's bagatsva and hard work, which is why this motive is so popular in folk art:

• chleb i woda, nie ma głoda - bread and water - and there is no hunger
• chleb płacze, gdy go darmo jedzą - bread cries when eaten for nothing
• chleb w drodze nie cięży - bread on the road does not burden
• chlebem i solą ludzie ludzi niewolą - people enslave people with bread and salt
• dał Pan Bóg zęby, da i chleb - the Lord God gave his teeth, he will also give bread
• dobry chleb, gdy kołacza nie masz - kind and bread, if there is no kolach
• do chleba rano wstać trzeba - you need to get up early for bread
• gdzie chleb, tam się zęby znajdą - where there is bread, there will be teeth
• głodnemu chleb na myśli - bread in the head for the hungry
• kto chleba nie chce, nie godzien kołacza - whoever does not want bread is not worthy of kolach
• kto nie chciał pracować na chleb, to musi za chleb - who did not want to work for bread, he must work for bread
• kto się wstydzi pracy, niewart chleba i kołaczy - he who is ashamed of work is not worthy of either bread or kolach
• nie samym chlebem człowiek żyje - man does not live by bread alone
• szkoda psu białego chleba - sorry for the dog white bread
• zjedzony chleb bardzo ciężko odrabiać - eaten bread is hard to work off
• złemu wrogowi daj chleba i soli - give the enemy bread and salt

A hardworking person has always been respected. Any useful work at all times was considered honorable, and the person who performed it deserves a reward. This is reflected in the proverbs about labor:

• bez pracy nie ma kołaczy - there is no kolach without difficulty
• Bóg bez pracy nic nie daje - God gives nothing without labor
• cudza praca nie wzbogaca - someone else's work doesn't enrich
• jaka praca, taka płaca - what is work, so is the pay
• każda praca ma zapłatę - each job has its own fee
• kto ma ręce do pracy, ten się naje kołaczy - whoever has hands to work will have enough bread
• kto nie chce pracy znieść, ten nie ma co jeść - who does not want to work, then he has nothing to eat
• praca dobrowolna większą ma wartość, jak przymuszona - voluntary labor is of greater value than forced labor
• praca lat skraca - work shortens life
• praca wzbogaca - work enriches
• żadna praca nie hańbi - no work disgraces

People have long known that sometimes a word can hurt more difficult than a weapon, and sometimes - on the contrary, with the help of a word, you can dispel melancholy and anxiety. That is why there are many proverbs that teach us to think well about what we want to say:

• bezpieczniej jest milczeć niż mówić - it is safer to be silent than to speak
• dlatego dwie uszy, jeden język dano, iżby mniej mówiono, a więcej słuchano - for that two ears and one language is given, in order to speak less and listen more
• kto nie umie milczeć, nie umie też mówić - whoever does not know how to remain silent, he does not know how to listen
• mowa jest srebrem, a milczenie złotem - the word is silver, and silence is gold
• mów ostatni, milcz pierwszy - say last, think first
• nie mów hop, póki nie przeskoczysz - don't say hop until you jump
• nie mów nikomu, co się dzieje w domu - don't tell anyone what's going on in the house
• nigdy nie mów "nigdy" - never say never
• nie mów, co myślisz - myśl, co mówisz - don't say what you think - think what you say

What other topics can be as eternal as the question of youth and old age; as the conflicts of the elder and younger generation? Life is fleeting and youth is replaced by old age, and emotionality is replaced by experience. And what do the proverbs say about this?

• czego Jaś się nie nauczy, tego Jan nie będzie umiał - what Vanya doesn't learn, Ivan won't be able to
• młodość leniwa, starość płaczliwa - youth is lazy, old age is crying
• młodość płynie jako woda - youth leaves like water
• młody może umrzeć, a stary musi - the young can die, but the old must
• młodym będąc, pomnij, że starym zostaniesz - being young, remember that you will become old
• starość nie radość, śmierć nie wesele - old age is not joy, death is not fun
• w starym piecu diabeł pali - the devil smokes in the old oven
• stara miłość nie rdzewieje - old love does not rust
• dwie rzeczy nie do rzeczy: młodego o radę pytać, a starego o krótką odpowiedź - two things do not come in handy: ask the young for advice, and the old give a short story

Life and death - it seems eternal themes, over which not only sages and philosophers ponder, but ordinary people, whose thoughts are subsequently transformed into proverbs:

• przez życie, jak przez błoto, idzie się z trudem - through life, like through a swamp - it's difficult to walk
• na słońce i na śmierć nigdy wprost patrzeć nie można - you just can't look at the sun and death
• przyjdzie kryska na Matyska - the mouse will come to Matishka
• śmierć tak dobrego jak złego jedną drogą żenie - death of both good and bad, one way drives

Sometimes with humor, sometimes with irony, and sometimes even with sadness - this is how proverbs convey life to us ordinary people, their everyday chores and joys, their dreams and sorrows.

• baba z wozu, koniom lżej - a woman with a cart - it's easier for horses
• nie miała baba kłopotu, kupiła sobie prosiaka - there was no sadness, a woman bought herself a pig
• kiedy chłop ma dużo dzieci, to on bogaty; kiedy pan ma dużo dzieci, to on biedny - when a man has many children, then he is rich; when a master has many children, he is poor
• człowiek całe życie się uczy i głupim umiera - a person learns all his life and stupid m dies
• jak się człowiek spieszy to się diabeł cieszy - when a person is in a hurry, the devil is happy

• na błędach człowiek się uczy rozumu - a person learns from mistakes
• baba o szydle, dziad o mydle - baba about schiele, grandfather about soap
• bieda z dziećmi, bieda i bez dzieci - trouble with children, trouble without children
• dzieci i ryby głosu nie mają - children and fish have no voice

1. Alkohol pity w miarę nie szkodzi nawet w dużych ilościach. - Alcohol in small doses is harmless in any amount.

2. Baba z wozu - koniom lżej. - A woman is easier with a cart.

3. Bez ochoty niespore roboty. - You can't get a fish out of the pond without difficulty.

4. Bity się kija boi. - a frightened crow is afraid of a bush.

5. Bóg bierze, Bóg daje. - God gave, God took.

6. Broda nikogo mędrcem nie czyni. - A beard is not a sign of wisdom.

7. Brylant potrzebuje odpowiedniej oprawy. - A good diamond is worth an expensive setting.

8. Chcąc człowieka dobrze poznać, trzeba z nim beczkę soli zjeść. - To recognize a person - eat a pound of salt with him.

9. Cicha woda brzegi rwie. - There are devils in the still waters.

10. Czyj chleb jesz, temu kadż. - Whom I serve, that I dance.

11. Czyja siła, tego prawda. - The one who is stronger is to the right.

12. Co za dużo, to niezdrowo.- Know the measure in everything.

13. Czego oczy nie widzą, tego sercu nie żal. - Out of sight, out of mind.

14. Czym chata bogata, tym gociowi rada. - The more rich they are, the more glad they are.

15. Dobrymi chęciami piekło jest wybrukowane. - The road to hell is paved with good intentions.

16. Drzewo oceniaj podług plonów, a człowieka - podług pracy. –Look the tree in fruit, and the man in deeds.

17. Dwa razy nie może nikt, raz musi umrzeć każdy. - Two deaths will not happen, and one cannot be avoided.

18. Jeden przy pługu, a siedmioro z łyżką. - One with a bipod, and seven with a spoon.

19. Jeżeli każdy w wiosce ofiaruje jedną nitkę, to nagi otrzyma koszulę. - with the world on a thread - a naked shirt.

20. Język i do Kijowa doprowadzi. - He will bring the language to Kiev.

21. Gdzie cienko, tam się zwie. - Where it is thin, there it breaks.

22. Gdzie dwóch się bije, tam trzeci korzysta. - Two dogs are fighting - the third one does not go!

23. Gora z górą się nie zejdzie, ale człowiek z człowiekiem zawsze. - Mountain does not converge with mountain, but man and man will converge.

24. Grosz do grosza, a będzie kokosza. - A penny saves the ruble.

25. I na słońcu są plamy. - And there are spots in the sun.

26. Indyk myślał o niedzieli, a w sobotę łeb mu ścięli. - The turkey thought he got into the soup.

27. Jak się ożeni, to się odmieni. - Marrying - going crazy.

28. Jak sobie pościelesz, tak się wyśpisz. - As you go to bed, you will sleep.

29. Każda droga prowadzi do Rzymu. - All roads lead to Rome.

30. Każdy jest kowalem swojego losu. - Every blacksmith of his own happiness.

31. Każdy na swój sposób rozum traci. - Everyone goes crazy in their own way.

32. Kiedy wejdziesz między wrony, musisz krakać tak jak one. - To live with wolves - howl like a wolf.

33. Kto nie ma szczęścia w kartach, ten ma szczęście w miłości. - Unlucky in cards, lucky in love.

34. Kto się kładzie z psami, ten wstaje z pchłami. - With whom you lead, from that you will gain.

35. Lepiej umrzeć stojąc, niż żyć na kolanach. “Better to die standing than live on your knees.

36. Lepsze sto druhów niżli sto rubli w kalecie. - Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.

37. Lepiej późno, niż nigdy. - Better late than never.

38. Małe dzieci - mały kłopot, duże dzieci - duży kłopot. - Small children are small problems, big children are big problems.

39. Miłość mężczyźnie wychodzi przez oczy, a kobiecie przez uszy. “Men love with their eyes, and women love with their ears.

40. Myszy tańcują, gdy kota nie czują. - A cat from home - mice to dance.

41. Nie chwal dnia przed zachodem słońca. - Praise the day in the evening.

42. Nie od razu Krakow zbudowano. - Moscow was not built in a day.

43. Nie taki diabeł straszny, jak go malują. - The devil is not so terrible as he is painted.

44. Nie wsadzaj nosa do cudzego prosa. - Sweep in front of your porch.

45. Od wódki rozum krótki. - The mind is short from vodka.
46. ​​Prochu nie wymyśli. - He will not invent gunpowder.

47. Pokorne cielę dwie matki ssie. - A tender calf sucks two queens.

48. Prawdziwych przyjaciół poznaje się w biedzie. - Friend is known in trouble.

49. Robota nie zając, w las nie ucieknie. - Work is not a wolf, it will not run away into the forest.

50. Strzeżonego Pan Bóg strzeże. - God protects the saved.

51. Syty głodnemu nie uwierzy. - Well-fed hungry is not a friend.

52. Szewc bez butów chodzi. - Shoemaker without shoes.

53. Ten się śmieje, kto się śmieje ostatni. - The one who laughs last laughs.

54. W zdrowym ciele zdrowy duch. - In a healthy body healthy mind.

55. Wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej. - Being a guest is good, but being at home is better.

Translated by Tatiana Schneider