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Russian Ballerina, teacher, director Anna Pavlovna (for other sources, Matveyevna) Pavlova was born on February 12 (January 31 at the old style) of 1881 in St. Petersburg in the family of soldiers and bars. According to some sources, she was frequent daughter Jewish banker.

In 1891 he entered the ballet branch of the St. Petersburg theatrical School (now the Academy of Russian Ballet named after A.Ya. Vaganova), where he was engaged in Ekaterina Vasez and Paul Gerdt.

In 1899, at the end of the school, Pavlov was adopted in the corpse of the corps of the Imperial Ballet of the Mariinsky Theater.

He made his debut in a small role in the ballet "vain precautionary", then in the "Bayaderka" Ludwig of Minkus. In 1903 she was entrusted to Giselle's batch in the same name Adolf Adana, where a young ballerina could hit the public of the depth of psychological interpretation of the image and beauty of the dance. Following this success, Pavlova received the main roles in the "Nayae and Fisherman" Caesar Puni, "Packie" Eduara Deldevism, "Corsaire" Adana, Don Quixote Ludwig Minkus.

In 1906, Anna Pavlova became the Ballerina of the Imperial Scene.

Legends Anna PavlovaThere is a photo with two swans, "immortal" and alive. First swan - Anna Pavlova, royal, painful, despotic, fragile great ballerina, performer "Swan" ballet miniature Mikhail Fokina to Saint-Sansa's music. The second swan is Pavlova's favorite bird in her estate under London ...

The individuality of the ballerina, the style of her dance, the soaring jump pushed her partner, the future of the famous choreographer Mikhail Fokina, on the creation of Frederic Chopin "Chopenians" (1907) - styling in the spirit of the revived engraving of romanticism. In this ballet, she danced Mazurka and the seventh waltz with Vaclav Nizhinsky. Flying Arabesque Pavlova Artist Valentin Serov perpetuated on the poster for the first "Russian seasons" in Paris (1909).

All-Russian glory brought a ballerina to tour with Fokina's troupe in Moscow in 1907. For her, Fokin put the concert (later the "dying swan") to the music of Camille Saint-Sansa, who later became the poetic symbol of Russian choreography and the ballerina itself.

Pavlova also in 1907 danced the productions of Fokina "Pavilions of Armid" to the music of Nicholas Cherepnin and the "Egyptian nights" to the music of Anton Arensky.

On January 23, 1931, Anna Pavlova died in the Hague (Netherlands). Her dust was buried at the Golders Green Cemetery near her Ivi-Hauz house in London.

For a long time, personal relations were associated with Anna Pavlov with the Mountain Engineer Viktor Dandra, which in 1910 was accused of the authorities of St. Petersburg in the embezzlement of funds allocated for the construction of the Okhtinsky bridge. Anne Pavlova had to pay a deposit to be freed from prison. Despite the signup of the unseen, Dundra fled from Russia and lived without a passport for many years. Abroad, Impresario and the administrator of the ballerina troupe became impressorio. In 1932, the book was published in London, Anna Pavlova. Life and Legend.

Ballerina is dedicated to artistic and documentaries Anna Pavlova (1983 and 1985). The French balletmaster Roland Petit put the ballet "My Pavlova".

In the estate "Ivi-House", where London Jewish is currently located cultural CenterThe hall of the first floor was turned into a ballerina memorial museum. On the territory of "Ivi-House" have two monuments Anna Pavlova installed - one is located at the lake, another representing the ballerina in the appearance of dragonflies - at the terrace of her house.

The prize of the St. Petersburg International Ballet Prize Dance Open - a crystal poeant, created in 1913 by the artist Boris Fredman Keszeli from Anna Pavlova's ballerina, is one of the respected ballet art awards.

The material is prepared on the basis of RIA Novosti and open sources

, Hague, Netherlands) - Russian ballet artist, one of the greatest ballerinas of the 20th century. After the beginning of the First World War, settled in the UK, constantly toured with his troupe around the world, first introducing the art of ballet in many countries for the first time.

Biography

Anna Pavlova was born in the country village of Ligovo near St. Petersburg. Shortly before the birth of her daughter, her mother, Lyubov Fedorovna Pavlova, married a retired soldier of the Preobrazhensky regiment by Matvey Pavlov; This marriage soon collapsed. Who was the real father of the ballerina, it is not known for sure. According to the allegations of several contemporaries, including the two of its only one-country brothers, Anna Pavlova's father was one of the largest Moscow bankers, the landselner of Lazar Polyakov. Ballerina hid his origin before the death.

In childhood lived with his mother in own home On Nikolaev Street.

The name Pavlova was still legendary during the life of the ballerina.

Death

According to her legend, her last words were: "Prepare my swan costume!". In 2009, these words were made in the headline of the Russian film. [the significance of the fact?] .

Confession

During the Australian tour, Anna Pavlova issued such an impression on the public that her name was called a very popular cake, which to this day is served for dessert at the restaurants of Australia and New Zealand.
In honor of Anna Pavlova, a group of guptophyte algae pavlovophyceae is named
Anna Pavlova named with one of the MD-11 aircraft (PH-KCH registration number) of the Netherlands National Airlines KLM Royal Dutch Airlines
In her honor, called the Crown Pavlova on Venus.
The Music Episode "Dying Swan" appeared in the monospectacle of Andrei Dennikov "Confession of Hooligan" (theater named after the Oblastov, 2002-2011), symbolizing both the image of Anna Pavlova herself and the fate of post-revolutionary Russian emigration.
In London Palace Theater still have two places, tickets for which they do not sell: they are intended for the ghosts of Anna Pavlova and Avora Novello.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

Memory

On the wall of the house number 5 on the Italian street of St. Petersburg in 2002, a memorial plaque was established (Sculptor V. I. Trojanovsky, Architect T. N. Miloradovich) with erroneous dates in the text: "Anna Pavlova Great Russian Ballerina lived in this house in 1909. "
In 2009, Anna Pavlova Street appeared in Lomonosov (St. Petersburg).

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Notes

Literature

Krasovskaya V. M. Anna Pavlova: Pages of the life of the Russian dancer. - L.: M.: Art, 1964. - 220 s. - (Coriferation of the Russian scene). - 70,000 copies.
N. Arkina. . - M.: Knowledge, 1981. - 56 p.
Victor Dandre. Anna Pavlova. Life and legend. - M.: Vita Nova, 2003. - 592 p. - ISBN 5-93898-043-7.
Algeranov H. Anna Pavlova: Ten years from the life of the star of the Russian ballet M.: Centerpolygraph, 2006

Excerpt characterizing Pavlova, Anna Pavlovna

Long Rostov did not have news of Nichochka; Only in the middle of winter, the Count was transferred to the letter, at the address of which he learned the hand of his son. Having received a letter, the count is frightened and hastily, trying not to be seen, on tiptoe, ran into his office, locked and began to read. Anna Mikhailovna, having learned (as she knew everything, what was done in the house) about receiving a letter, a quiet step entered the count and found him with a letter in his hands with a shy and laughing together. Anna Mikhailovna, despite the corrected affairs, continued to live in growth.
- MON BON AMI? - Anna Mikhailovna said in question, and readily said any participation.
Count buried even more. "Nichoshka ... Letter ... wounded ... ... Was ... Ma Chered ... wounded ... My darling ... Shtynushka ... In the officers produced ... Thank God ... Shtynushka how to say? ..."
Anna Mikhailovna hooked to him, his tears with his eye with his eye, from writing, and her tears, read the letter, reassured the count and decided that she would prepare countess before dinner, and after tea I will announce everything, if God She will help her.
All the time Dinner Anna Mikhailovna spoke about rumors of war, about Nichochka; asked twice when it was obtained last letter From him, although he knew it before, and noticed that it was very easy, maybe now the letter will turn out. Whenever with these hints, the Countess began to worry and alarmingly look at the graph, then Anna Mikhailovna, Anna Mikhailovna, has reduced the conversation to minor items. Natasha, from the entire family of more than one and the ability to feel the shades of intonations, views and expressions of individuals, since the beginning of lunch alerted ears and knew that something was between her father and Anna Mikhailovna and something relating to his brother, and that Anna Mikhailovna prepares. Despite all his courage (Natasha knew how her mother was sensitive to everything that it concerned about the news of Nichochka), she did not decide to make a question for lunch and did not eat anything on the dinner and drove out on a chair, not listening to the comments of his governess. After lunch, she strive to catch up with Anna Mikhailovna and in a sofa rushed to her neck.
- Auntka, Golubushka, tell me what?
- Nothing, my friend.
- No, dumb, darling, cute, peach, I'm not detached, I know what you know.
Anna Mikhailovna shook her head.
- Voua Etes Une Fine Mouche, Mon Enfant, [You are Vostushka, my child.] - she said.
- From Nicholenka letter? Probably! Natasha screamed, reading the affirmative response in the face of Anna Mikhailovna.
"But for God's sake, be careful: you know how it can hit your Maman."
- I will, I will, but tell. Do not tell? Well, so I'll go now I will say.
Anna Mikhailovna in short words told Natasha the content of the letter with the condition not to say anyone.
Honest, noble word, - Pricing, Natasha spoke, - I won't tell anyone, - and immediately ran to Sona.
"Nicholya ..." wounded ... Letter ... "She said solemnly and joyfully.
- Nicolas! - just said Sonya, instantly palena.
Natasha, having seen the impression made at Sonya News of Brother's Wound, for the first time I felt the whole sad side of this news.
She rushed to Sona, hugged her and sharpened. - a little wounded, but produced in officers; He is now healthy, he himself writes, "she said through tears.
- Here is clear that all of you, women, - Plaks, "Petya said, taking a decisive big steps by taking a room. "I'm so very happy and, right, very glad that my brother distinguished himself." All you nurses! do not understand anything. - Natasha smiled through tears.
- You did not read letters? - Sonya asked.
- I did not read, but she said that everything went, and that he was already an officer ...
"Thank God," Sonya said, hiding. "But maybe she deceived you." Let's go to Maman.
Petya silently walked around the room.
- I was in the place of Nichushka, I would kill even more of these French, "he said," they are frozen! " I would beat them so much that I would have done a bunch of them, "Peter continued.
- Silent, Petya, what a fool you are! ...
"I'm not a fool, and the fools are those who cry from trifles," Petya said.
- Do you remember him? - After a minute silence suddenly asked Natasha. Sonya smiled: "I remember Nicolas?"
- No, Sonya, do you remember him so much to remember to remember everything, "Natasha said with a diligent gesture, apparently, wanting to give his words the most serious meaning. "And I remember Nicholya, I remember," she said. - And Boris do not remember. I do not remember at all ...
- How? Do not remember Boris? Sonya asked with surprise.
"Not I don't remember," I know what he he, but not so I remember how Nikolyku. " His, I'll close my eyes and remember, but Boris is not (she closed her eyes), so, no - nothing!
"Ah, Natasha," Sonya said, enthusiastically and seriously looking at his girlfriend, as if she considered her unworthy to hear what she intended to say, and as if she had said this to someone else, who could not be joking. - I loved your brother once, and no matter what happens to him, with me, I will never stop loving him for life.
Natasha is surprised, looked at Sonya curious eyes and was silent. She felt that something that Sonya said was true that there was such love about which Sonya said; But Natasha had nothing like that yet. She believed that it could be, but did not understand.
- Will you write him? She asked.
Sonya wondered. The question of how to write to Nicolas and whether to write and how to write, there was a question that tormented it. Now, when he was already an officer and a wounded hero, whether it was well to remind him of himself and as if he had about the obligation he took over her.
- I do not know; I think, if he writes, - and I will write, - red, she said.
- And you will not be ashamed to write him?
Sonya smiled.
- Not.
- And I am ashamed to write Boris, I will not write.
- Why is it ashamed? Yes, I do not know. Awkward, shame.
- And I know why she will be ashamed of her, "Petya said, offended by the first remark of Natasha, - because she was in love with this thick with glasses (so called Petya his namesake, a new champion of Lyuhoye); Now in love with the singer of this (Petya spoke about the Italian, Natasha Peña teacher): Here it is ashamed.
"Petya, you are stupid," Natasha said.
"Do not stupid you, Mother," said nine-year-old Peter, just as if he was an old brigadier.
The Countess was cooked with hints of Anna Mikhailovna during lunch. Having leaving her, she sitting on the chair, did not descend the eyes from a miniature portrait of a son, made in Tabakcoque, and the tears screwed toward her eyes. Anna Mikhailovna with a tiptoe letter came to the Countess Room and stopped.
"Don't enter," she said to the old Count, who was walking behind her, "after," and gave me the door.
The count attached his ear to the castle and began to listen.
At first he heard the sounds of indifferent speeches, then one sound of the voice of Anna Mikhailovna, who told a long speech, then a short, then silence, then again both voices talked together with joyful intonations, and then steps, and Anna Mikhailovna took him the door. On the face of Anna Mikhailovna there was a proud expression of an operator who graduated from a difficult amputation and introducing the public in order to estimate its art.
- C "EST FAIT! [Case done!] - She said in a graph, a solemn gesture pointing to the countess, who kept a tobacker with a portrait with a portrait, to another - a letter and pressed her lips, then to the other.
Seeing the graph, she stretched his arms to him, hugged his bald head and looked at the letter again and again and again to press them to her lips, slightly pushed the bald head. Faith, Natasha, Sonya and Peter entered the room, and reading began. The letter was briefly described a campaign and two battles in which Nichushka participated, production in officers and it was said that he kisses Maman and Papa, asking them to blessings, and kisses faith, Natasha, Petya. In addition, it is bowed to M R Sling, and M M M M Sos and Nyan, and, moreover, asks to kiss the expensive Sonya, which he still loves and about which everything remembers the same. Hearing it, Sonya blushed so that the tears came to her eyes. And, unable to withstand the views turned on her, she ran into the hall, fused, spinning and, blowing his dress with a balloon, put her painted and smiling, sat on the floor. Countess cried.
- What are you crying, Maman? - said Vera. "Everywhere he writes, we must rejoice, and not cry."
It was completely fair, but also the graph, and the Countess, and Natasha - everyone looked at her with reprocess. "And in whom she came out!" thought the Countess.
The letter of Nikuliushki was read hundreds of times, and those who were considered worthy of listening to him should have come to the Countess that did not let him out of her hands. Gooverners, nanny, Mitenka came, some acquaintances, and the countess reread the letter every time with the new pleasure and once again discovered new virtues in their Nichochka. As strange, it was unusually joyful that her son was that son, who was a little marked with tiny members moved in her the very 20 years ago, that son, for whom she quarreled with the Balovnik Graph, that son who learned to speak before: " Pear ", and then" Baba ", that this son is now there, in someone else's land, in someone else's environment, a courageous warrior, one, without help and leadership, does some kind of male business there. The entire World Century Experience, indicating that the children are imperceptible from the cradle are made by men, did not exist for the Countess. Mattering her son in every situation was as extremely unusually, as it were, there were never millions of millions of people, just as insusted. As I did not believe 20 years ago, that the little creature, which lived somewhere in her heart, would shout and began to suck the chest and it would say that it could not believe it that the same creature could be the stronger Brave man, a sample of sons and people he was now, judging by this letter.
- What a calm, how he describes cute! She said, reading the descriptive part of the letter. - And what shower! About yourself anything ... Nothing! About some Denisov, and himself, right, the brave of them all. Nothing writes about his sufferings. What a heart! How I recognize him! And how I remembered everyone! Nobody forgot. I always always said, even when he was, I always said ...

Today marks 130 years since the birth of the ballerina Anna Pavlova.

Anna Pavlovna (Matveyevna) Pavlova was born on February 12 (January 31) of 1881 in St. Petersburg. Her mother Lyubov Fedorovna was a laundry, as a father, a retired soldier Matvey Fedorovich Pavlov was recorded. Later we were assumed that in reality she was extramarital child And had another father.

In 1891, Anna Pavlova entered the Imperial Ballet School in St. Petersburg. At the end of the ballet school in 1899, it was adopted in the Mariinsky Theater, and made his debut in the ballet "Pharaoh's daughter" to the music of Caesar Puni in the production of Saint-George and Petipa.

A great influence on her work was cooperation with balletmusers Alexander Gorsky and Mikhail Fokin.

In 1906, Anna Pavlova became the leading troupe dancer. She was the first and main performer of roles in Fokina ballet "Shopenian", "Pavilion Armida", "Egyptian Nights" and others.

In 1907, at a charitable evening at the Mariinsky Theater Anna Pavlov for the first time performed by Mikhail Fokin choreographic miniature "Swan" (later "dying swan"), which later became one of the symbols of the Russian twentieth century.

Since 1908, she began to tour abroad, participated in the famous "Russian seasons" Sergey Dyagileev in Paris, who posted the beginning of her world glory. Valentina Serov's billboard with the silhouette Anna Pavlova became the emblem of the Russian Seasons. During the tour in Sweden, the King Oscar II awarded it with the Order "For Merit to Art."

In 1909, Pavlova first made independent production at the Suvorin theater in St. Petersburg.

In 1910, she created his own troupe with which toured in many countries of the world. Especially for Pavlova's troupe, Mikhail Fokin put the "preludes" on the music of Ferenz Leaf and "Seven daughters of the Mountain King" to the music of Alexander Spendia.

Her speeches in the United States had great popularity. However, due to its touring in America, the ballerina's conflict began with the leadership of the Mariinsky Theater, since the trip was a violation of the contract. Nevertheless, at the initiative of the Directorate of the theater in 1913, Pavlova was awarded the honorary title of deserved artist imperial theaters And he was awarded a gold medal.

The last speech of the ballerina in the Mariinsky Theater took place in 1913. In 1914, she was in last time Speaking in Russia - May 31 at the St. Petersburg People's House, June 7 at the Pavlovsky Station, June 3 in the Mirror Theater of the Moscow Garden "Hermitage". After that, the ballerina went to England.

In 1915, in the United States Pavlova starred in artistic film "Mute from Portici". In 1924, miniatures were listed in Hollywood in the performance of Pavlova, who subsequently entered the film "Immortal Swan" (1956).

After the 1917 revolution, Anna Pavlova sent the parcel of students of the Petersburg ballet school, translated large cash The starving the Volga region arranged charitable performances.

January 17, 1931 Ballerina arrived on tour in Hague (Netherlands). However, on January 20, the planned speech did not take place due to its illness. On January 23, Anna Pavlova died from pleurrites. Her body was cremated, the dust is located in London.

For a long time, personal relations tied Anna Pavlov with Baron Viktor Dandra, a representative of an ancient French genus. In 1910, the authorities of St. Petersburg accused the official of the Senate Dandra in the embezzlement of funds allocated for the construction of the Okhtinsky bridge. Pavlova made a deposit in order to free it from prison. From 1912, Viktor Dandre lived in London, he performed as impresario Pavlova and the head of the troupe.

In the biography of Pavlova, written by Viktor Dandra and published in London in 1932, contains the most extensive arch of biographical information about the legendary actress, whose art shocked the world at the beginning of the 20th century.

The names of Anna Pavlova called international prizes and premiums. The rooms of her repertoire are dancing leading ballerina in the world. The French balletmaster Roland Petit put the ballet "My Pavlova".

In honor of great ballerina In Holland, the variety of white tulips was named. Anne Pavlova is dedicated to the five-particle film directed by Emil Lotyan, shot in 1983

Material is prepared based on open sources.

1881 in St. Petersburg. The girl was illegitimate, her mother worked as a maid at the famous banker Lazar Polyakova, he was considered the father of the child. The financier himself did not recognize his involvement in her birth, but did not mind that the girl was recorded as Anna Lazarevna.

Ani's mother left Polyakov's house with a child in his arms and settled in the suburbs of St. Petersburg. The girl grew and developed under the supervision of the mother, who tried in every way the love of the love of art.

Creative biography of Anna Pavlova

Once Mom took away Any Mariinsky Theatre. Granted "sleeping beauty" Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. With the first sounds of the orchestra Anya Pereich. Then not looking around watched ballet, hopping his breath, her heart fluttered from delight, as from touching beautiful.

In the second act, boys and girls on the stage danced Waltz.

Would you like to dance like that? Asked the mother Anya in the intermission, having the dance of the corpsoretole.

No ... I want to dance as Sleeping Beauty did it ... - Girl replied.

After visiting a fabulous place called Mariinsky Theater Anya began to dream of ballet. All conversations in the house were now only on the topic choreographic art, the girl from morning to night danced in front of the mirror, lay down and stood up with the thought of ballet. The hobby looked at all in childish, the dances became part of her life.

Mother, seeing it, took an Anya to a ballet school. At that time, the girl was hardly eight years old. Teachers advised them in two years, while noting the undoubted abilities of Ani. In 1891, the future ballerina was adopted in St. Petersburg School theatrical art On the ballet compartment.

The study was spartan in nature, everything was subordinate to the strictest discipline, the classes lasted eight hours a day. But in 1898 Anna graduated from the school with honors. The graduation spectral was called "imaginary DRIADA", in it the girl danced the batch of the daughter of the butler.

Anna immediately took part of the Mariinsky Theater. Her debut took place in the ballet "Vain precaution" in Pa de Troita (threesome dance). Two years later, Anna Pavlova danced main party In setting to the music of Caesar Puni "Daughter of Pharaoh". Then the beginning of the ballerina acted in Nikia's party in the "Bayaderka", which Marius Petipa himself, the Patriarch of the Russian ballet. In 1903, Pavlova had already performed in leading role In the ballet "Giselle".

Development

In 1906, Anna was appointed the leading dancer of the ballet troupe of the Mariinsky Theater. Started truly creative work Search for new forms. The Russian ballet demanded a renewal, and Pavlova managed to create several images in the spirit of modernity, cooperating with Balleter-Novator Alexander Gorsky, who sought to dramatize the plot and was a staunch supporter of some tragic dance.

Anna Pavlova and Mikhail Fokin

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian ballet was influenced by reformists. One of the most tary supporters of radical change in ballet art was choreographer Mikhail Fokin. He refused the traditional dance branch from the pantomime. The next goal of the foke reformer was the abolition of use in ballet of finished forms, movements and combinations. He offered improvisation in dance as the basis of all ballet art.

Anna Pavlova made the first executive of the main parties in the productions These were the "Egyptian nights", "Brenika", "Shopenian", "Vine", "Evnika", "Pavilion Armida". But the main result of cooperation was the ballet "Dying Swan" to the music of Saint-Sansa, who was destined to become one of the symbols of the Russian ballet 20th century. The history of ballerina Pavlova is inextricably linked with this masterpiece choreography. The ballet scene about the dying swan shook the whole world.

In December 1907, on one of charitable concerts Anna Pavlova performed the "dying swan." Composer Camille Saint-Sans, who was present at the same time, was shocked by the interpretation of his music and expressed a deep admiration for the talented execution of miniatures. He personally thanked the ballerina for his pleasure, stopping the knees with the words: "Thanks to you, I realized that I managed to write wonderful music."

The best ballerinas on all continents tried to fulfill the famous ballet miniature. After Anna Pavlova fully managed Maya Plisetskaya.

Foreign tour

In 1907, the Imperial Mariinsky Theater drove abroad. Speeches passed in Stockholm. Soon after returning to Russia, Anna Pavlova, a world name ballerina, left the native theater, significantly injured at the same time, since she had to pay a huge penalty for the breakdown of the contract. However, this did not stop the dancer.

Personal life

Anna Pavlova, Ballerina with extensive creative plans, went to Paris, where he began to participate in the "Russian seasons" and soon became the star of the project. At the same time, she met Viktor Dandra, a big connoisseur of ballet art, which immediately took the patronage over Anna, took her apartments in the Paris suburb, equipped the dancer. However, all this cost quite expensive, and Dundra missed the stateless money, for which he was arrested and given to the court.

Then Pavlova Anna Pavlovna concluded a very expensive, but bondage agreement with the London Berff agency, under the terms of which she had to perform daily, and twice a day. The money received helped to rescue Viktor Dandra from prison, since his debts managed to pay off. Lovers were married in one of the Paris Orthodox Churches.

Swans in the life of the ballerina

After Pavlova partially worked on a contract with Bern agency, she created her own ballet troupe And it became with the triumph to perform in France and the UK. Fully calculated with the agency, Anna Pavlova, whose personal life was already settled, settled together with Dundra in London. Their house was the Huvi-House mansion with a pond nearby, where beautiful white swans lived. From now on, the life of Anna Pavlova was inextricably linked with this wonderful house, and with noble birds. Ballerina found calm, communicating with swans.

Further creativity

Pavlova Anna Pavlovna, Natura Actual, hatched plans in his creative development. Her husband, fortunately, suddenly discovered the ability to produce and engaged in promoting his wife's career. He became the official impresario Anna Pavlova, and the Great Ballerina could no longer worry about his future, it was in reliable hands.

In 1913 and 1914, the dancer performed in Moscow and St. Petersburg, including in Mariinsky, where she last died by the party of Nikia. In Moscow, Anna Pavlova came to the scene of the mirror theater in the Hermitage Garden. After this speech, she left for a long tour of Europe. Next, the multi-month tour of the USA, Brazil, Chile and Argentina followed. Then, after a small break, Dundra organized a tour of Australia and Asian countries.

The desire for reforms

Back in the first years of work in the Mariinsky Theater, after graduating from the school, Anna Pavlova felt potential opportunities for changing the established canons in ballet art. A young ballerina has experienced an acute need for change. It seemed to her that choreography could be expanded and enriched at the expense of new forms. The classic of the genre was presented with something outdated, requiring a cardinal update.

Rehearsing his batch in " Vain precaution", Pavlova suggested Marius Petipa to make a revolutionary step and replace the short crinoline skirt on a long tight tunic, clarified on the famous Maria Taloni, a representative of the ballet of romanticism, which introduced a ballet pack and pointe, and then refused a short skirt in favor of False clothes.

Petipa's balletmaster listened to Anna's opinion, her changed, and Marius looked through the dance from beginning to end. After that, became the attribute of type performances " Swan Lake"Where a short skirt is relevant to the style of production. Many were considered the introduction of tunic as the main type of ballet clothing with a violation of the canons, but nevertheless long falling balleriny clothing was later marked in art. ballet costume as a necessary part of the performance.

Creativity and disputes

Anna Pavlova itself called himself a discoverer and reformer. She was proud that she managed to refuse "Tyu-Sui" (Krinolin Skirts) and dined with a more apparent way. She had to argue with the connoisseurs of the traditional ballet for a long time and to prove that the ballet pack was coming far from all performances. So what theater costumes Must be seamless in accordance with what is happening on the stage, and not in favor of classic canons.

Pavlova's opponents argued that open legs are primarily a demonstration of dance technique. Anna agreed, but at the same time expressed greater freedom In the choice of costume. She believed that Krinolin had long become an academic attribute and did not at all had to work. Formally, both sides were right, but the last word decided to leave for the public.

Anna Pavlova regretted only one shortcoming of long clothes - the tunic was deprived of the ballerina "Fucking". This word came up with she herself, the term meant that the folds were shoved flying body movements, or rather, they hid themselves flight. But then Anna learned to use this deficiency. Ballerina suggested a partner to throw it a little higher than usual, and everything fell into place. The required freedom of movement and grace appeared in the dance.

Serge Lifter: Impressions

"Never met such divine lightness, weightless airiness and such graceful movements." So wrote the largest French choreographer Serge Lifar about his meeting with Russian Ballerina Anna Pavlova.

"From the first minute, she was conquered by the nature of her plastics, she danced, as breathing, easily and easily. No desire for the correct ballet, Foute, virtuoso focus. Only the natural beauty of natural televitations and airiness, airiness ..."

"I saw in Pavlovaya not a ballerina, but the genius of dance. She raised me from the ground to swell, I could neither reason nor evaluate. There were no shortcomings, as you can not be at the Divine."

Tours and statistics

Anna Pavlova led an active tour of the tour for 22 years. During this period, she took part in nine thousand performances, two thirds of which were held with the execution of major roles. Moving from the city to the city, Ballerina overcame at least 500 thousand kilometers by train. Italian master of the manufacture of ballet shoes sewed for Anna Pavlova two thousand pairs of pointes per year.

In the breaks between touring Ballerina rested, together with her husband in his house, among the manual swans, in the shade of trees, near the still pure pond. In one of these arrings, Dandra invited the famous photographer Lafayette, and he made a series of pictures of Anna Pavlova with her beloved swan. Today these photos are perceived as the memory of the Great Ballerina of the 20th century.

In Australia, in honor of the Russian ballerina, Anna Pavlova came up with exotic fruits With the addition of meringue. By the way, New Zealanders argue that they created fruit delicacy.

Once, Anna Pavlova danced on theatrical scene Popular mexican folk dance "Harab Tapatio", which means "dance with a hat", in his interpretation. Enthusiastic Mexicans threw the ballerina and all scenes with hats. And in 1924 this dance was announced national dance Mexican Republic.

In China, Anna Pavlova surprised the audience, stalking without stopping 37 Fuete on a small platform installed on the back of an elephant walking along the field.

Dutch flower flowers raised a special grade of snow-white tulips, which received the name of the great ballerina Anna Pavlova. Graceful flowers on thin stems, as they characterize the grace.

In London, several different monuments dedicated to the ballerina erected. Each of them relates to a certain period of her life. Three monument are set near the house of Ivi-Hauz, in which Pavlova lived most own life.

Anna was distinguished by rare personitia, she was engaged in charity, opened several orphan shelters and bedroom houses for homeless children. Girls and boys from the guests of these establishments, having the ability to dance, were selected and sent to the school of children's choreography, open in the Avi-Hauz House.

Anna Pavlova's a separate shares of charity was her assistance to the starving Volga region. In addition, on her instructions, parcels regularly sent to the St. Petersburg Ballet School.

Concent Great dancers

Anna Pavlova died from pneumonia on January 23, 1931 in the city of Hague, during the tour. Ballerina caught up at the rehearsal in the cold hall. Her dust is in Columbaria "Golders Green", in London. Urn is located next to the remains of her wife Viktor Dandre.

The film created in the memory of Anna Pavlova

Life and fate worldwide famous ballerina It was reflected in a five-particle television film supplied according to the scenario of Emil Lotyan.

Film studies talk about short but full events Life of the Great Ballerina and beautiful man in Pavlova. 1983, the time of release of the series on the screen, was the year of the 102th anniversary of the birthday of the dancer. The film involves many characters, and the role of Pavlova performed the actress

Contemporaries said that, looking at her, they saw not dancing, but the embodiment of their dreams of dancing. And for her, the dance itself was all - and reality, and a dream, and life, and what awaits outside of life. Her last words were: "Cook my swan costume ..."

Anna Pavlova was born on January 31 (February 12) of 1881 in St. Petersburg, in the family of soldiers and bars. At the age of five, Pavlova saw a ballet "Sleeping Beauty" in the Mariinsky Theater, which decided her fate. In 1891 he entered the ballet branch of the St. Petersburg theater school, where he was engaged in E.O. Vaset, P.A. Gerdta.

That's how I remembers her school years Tamara Karsavina in the book "Theater Street":

"Without possessing enough insight, we admired only the virtuosity of the dance, our ideal was a strong chunky figure of Lenyani. And Pavlova herself, then hardly realized that in its fragility and some limited technical capabilities was trained huge power Her unique and charming personality. Romanticism at that time came out of fashion. Even the figure of the dancers compared to the silhouettes of those who danced half a century explicitly demonstrated a change in the tastes of the audience, cooled to air visions and admired now more terrestrial charms.

Huddoba was considered the enemy of beauty, and everyone converged that Anna Pavlova needed enhanced diet. She, obviously, adhered to the same opinion, since in good faith swallowed fish oil, which our doctor considered panacea from all angry, we all hated him. Like all of us, she tried to imitate our ideal of virtuosity, Lenyani. Fortunately for Pavlova, Gerdt managed to recognize the essence of her talent. He was painful to see his fragile student trying to fulfill what was easily a muscular Italian dancer. He advised her not to chase his fragile body effects.

During Debut, Pavlova was very worried because of his "shortcomings." But she was destined to return to our scene forgotten charm of romantic ballets of the Talimon era. "

In 1899, at the end of the School, Anna Pavlova was adopted in the corpulation of the corps of the Imperial Ballet of the Mariinsky Theater.

High, slim, with an elongated hand and feet with high lifting, in his youth, it did not own the virtuoso technique, did not have a "steel sock". Subsequently, to execute the parties created by M.I. Pavlova was engaged in a private manner with Enrico Cheketti in St. Petersburg and with the main teacher of the La Scala school in Milan Catharina Beretta.

Already on September 19, 1899, Pavlova made his debut in a small role in the "vain precaution", then the role in the "Magic Flute" and in "Bayaderka". In 1903 she was entrusted to Giseli's party, and young ballerina struck all the depth of psychological interpretation of the image and the beauty of the dance. Following this success, Pavlova received the main roles in the "Nayae and Fisherman", "Pahit", "Corsaire", "Don Quixote". At the same time, the air, similar to Pavlov's Salfide, thanks to the natural temperament with a great success, the Spanish and demicrak-terry parties of the classical repertoire (street dancer in Don Quixote, Panderos in Raymond).

In 1906, Anna Pavlova became the Ballerina of the Imperial Scene. Working with Mikhail Fokin opened a new repertoire for her. The individuality of the ballerina, the style of her dance, the steaming jump in 1907 brought Fokina to the idea of \u200b\u200breviving the romantic ballet. So "Shopenian" appeared - a subtle stylization in the spirit of the elegant revived engraving of the Taloni era. Pavlova danced Mazuka and the Seventh Waltz with Vaclav Nizhinsky in Sopenian.

Her flying Arabesque was kept in history - the artist Valentin Serov perpetuated him on the billboard to the "Russian seasons" in Paris in 1909.

In 1907, Pavlova danced with Fokina's troupe in Moscow, and it brought her all-Russian Slava. It was after these tour, as a payem for the cash of Fokin set for Pavlova "Dying Swan", which became its undoubted artistic luck. The Commonwealth of Fokina and Pavlova turned out to be fruitful - she danced in his "Pavilion of Armida", in Egyptian nights. Without thinking about innovation and overthrow the aesthetics of the past, with one appearance, the manner of dance, she reformed ballet, changed the attitude towards him all over the world.

On May 8, 1908 in Helsingfors Pavlova danced Teresu in the "Prival of Cavalry", then touring continued in Stockholm, Copenhagen, Prague, in the cities of Germany and ended in Berlin. This year should be considered the beginning of its international recognition. In May 1909, on tour with artists of Mariinsky in Berlin, she danced "Giselle" along with Nikolai Legat.

Natural for Pavlova was try to put it yourself. She took such an attempt in 1909 at the performance in the Suvorin theater in honor of the 75-year-old anniversary of the owner - A. Suvorin. For his debut, Pavlova chose "Night" Rubinstein. She appeared in a white long chiton with flowers in her hands and hair. The patient was justified by the naive sincerity of the feeling. Free movements Corps and hands created the impression of improvisation, recalling the effect of Duncan. But also classic dance, including finger technique, attended, complementing expressive gestures. Independent creativity Pavlova was encountered with approval. The following numbers were "Dragonfly" F. Craisler, "Butterfly" R. Dryig, "California Mac."

For Dyagilev, the participation of Anna Pavlova in his entrepreneurs meant a guarantee of success. Despite the fact that her stay at Dyagilev was very short-term, in the entire civilized world, Dyagilevsky ballet and today is associated with the names of Pavlova and Nizhinsky.

But she did not like a lot in Dyagilevsky Antenpuriz. Pavlova often said that the beauty of dance meant everything for her, and the ugliness - nothing, and categorically rejected what seemed to her ugly. The plastic elements of the new choreography are also included in this list, and the music of Stravinsky in the "Fire-Bird", which seemed not to be melodious enough. Pavlova, Great Ballerina classic style, did not take the aesthetics of those choreographers and innovators who, after Fokin, came to Dyagileev's "Russian ballets" and produced a revolution in the world of dance.

In 1910, in London, she organized her own ballet troupe to put the classics, and went to the world ballet tour. Debut in New York took place on February 16, 1910. He was followed by concerts in Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore.

Anna Pavlova's companion during this tour was Mikhail Murdkin, a famous soloist Big Theater, "Hercules ballet scene", Later, the founder of the American Ballet. He danced with Pavlova in 1910-1911, after leaving the ballerina from Dyagilev. Their stage union gradually overgrow in love story. However, he was unsuccessful in his personal, and in creative terms. The story ended with a scandalous break.

In August 1911, Pavlova briefly returned to his homeland. Now it was "Russian tour" for her. Stanshev in the Mariinsky Theater "Bayadek" and "Giselle", she left for London, where he was Dyagilov with his entrepreneurs. Pavlova replaced Karsawin to "Giselle" and danced with Nizhinsky: she first performed the Slave Party for the first time in Cleopatra. And in November 1911, he went on tour in the cities of England, Scotland and Ireland.

In 1912, to Pavlova, he joined Russia due to the financial troubles of Baron Viktor Dandra. The troupe was needed a reliable administrator, and Dundra turned out to be just such a person. Some time later, Pavlova married him. Deciding to settle in England, she bought the "Ivi-House" house in one of London - Hampeeda.

First world War Caught Pavlov in Berlin, where she was briefly detained as a "Russian spy". Ballerina returned to Russia, but the war and ballet are incompatible - and, together with his troupe, went through the ocean and toured for a long time in northern and South America. October coup in Petrograd occurred when she shone in Latin America: Rio de Janeiro, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Santiago, Lima, La Paz, Quito, Caracas, Costa Rica, Havana ... Pavlova was the first animal that the ballet lovers of this hemisphere saw.

For 22 years, Pavlova's endless tour drove on the train more than half a million kilometers, according to approximate estimates, it gave about 9 thousand performances. It was really work on wear. There was a period when italian master Ninolini manufactured for Anna Pavlova per year on average two thousand pairs of ballet shoes, and she barely grabbed them.

But, with all its devotion, the art of ballet, Anna Pavlova loved the world of fashion, was eagerly photographed and even posed in the mechanics of famous fashion houses of Berlin and Paris 1910s and 1920s. In England, she advertised shoes of the shoe firm "H. & M. Rayne, "who wore, according to her, and on stage, and in life. Clothing style "A La Pavlova" has become so popular that he presented the world of fashion atlas Pavlov, released in 1921. It was Pavlova that introduced the fashion for draped in the Spanish manner embroidered Manillas shawls with brushes that she knew how to wear so elegantly.

In January 1931, the train in which Pavlova returned to Paris from the azure coast of France, suffered an accident near Dijon. Prima herself was not injured, although the fallen coof hardly hit her along the ribs. But she had a cold winter morning in a pajama and a light coat to walk to the nearest station and there for twelve hours to wait for the next train. Pavlova picked up a cold, which passed into the hardest pleurisy. In such a state, she went to tour in Holland. Shortly before his departure, it was already very sick, she came to engage in the Paris Studio Verra Trefilova. There she felt strong heat and still decided not to cancel the tour.

January 17, 1931 famous ballerina He arrived at the tour in the Netherlands, where they knew and loved her well. In honor of the "Russian Swan", the Dutch brought a special grade of snow-white tulips and called them "Anna Pavlov".

In the speech of Pavlova's ballet, printed in Holland two days before her death, the name of the ballerina in the artist was not subject. She no longer came out of his lilac apartments in the hotel. Meanwhile, troupe continued to prepare for tour in Brussels. But the tour did not take place. Unexpected death The Great Ballerina, who came at night from Thursday on Friday, January 23, 1931 in the Hague "Hotel Des Indes", shook the whole world.

Pavlova's ashes enclosed in a white marble urn, resting on the "Golders Green" cemetery, not far from her favorite Ivi-House.

D. Trukkinovskaya