Forum Artist Shishkin Biography. Artist Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich: paintings and their description

biography and creativity

The birthplace of one of the most famous, even cult artists of Russia is a city Elabuga. He was born in this provincial town on January 13, 1832. In the future, he became known as a landscape system, with photographic accuracy transmitting the smallest details of the nature of the native land.

Portrait I.I. Shishkin work I.N. Kramsky

Family and Study

On the formation of views and creative style Shishkin Father had a great influence. A poor merchant who fond of archaeology and writing the "history of the city of Elabugi" was the person who managed to convey all his knowledge to his son. Shishkin-senior sold grain, and on its own means restored the vintage buildings of Elabugi, developed a system of local water pipeline.

The path of the future artist was predetermined from childhood. He entered the 1st Kazan gymnasium, but did not finish the educational institution. In the fifth grade, Shishkin left his studies, returned home and paid all his attention to drawing from nature. For four years he wrote the forests of Elabugi, and in 1852 he entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture.

Self-portrait

The fateful for Ivan Shishkin was an exhibition of Caucasian mountain species L. Lagorio and Marinist paintings I. Aivazovsky. There he saw a canvas that fascinates and inspires many. It was the "ninth tree" Aivazovsky. Another factor that determined the further creativity of the artist - study in the class of Mokritsky, admiring the work of K. Bryullov. The teacher was able to see in a quiet, even shy student talent and in every way encouraged his landscape painting.

In 1856, Shishkin graduated from the school and entered the Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg. In the first year of study, the silver medal was awarded. The reward got him for a pencil drawing and the view of St. Petersburg, made by a brush. The artist became one of the best disciples of the Academy, and in 1860 he graduated from her with a big gold medal. Such a high award gave the right of a trip abroad for three years to improve creative skill. But Shishkin preferred the place where his childhood and adolescence was held - Elabugu.

Foreign peripetia

Outside of Russia, the artist went only in 1862. He visited Zurich, Munich, Geneva and Düsseldorf. He got acquainted with the works of famous painters and studied at the R. Collera himself. In the same period by order N. Bykova wrote

"View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf",

for her received the title of academician.

Shishkin constantly improved his skills, developed his own style. What are some drawings with pen, scrupulously transmitting parts of the surrounding items! Two such works are still among the exhibits of the Düsseldorf Museum.

In 1865, Shishkin returns to Russia. He has already been a recognized and recognizable artist who is capable of creative accomplishments. In the works of the early 1860s. Attempts to achieve maximum similarities with kind are traced. It seems from the picture

"Wood cutting",

several violates the integrity of the landscape. Working for a long time and persistently, the artist overcomes academic postulates of an abstract landscape and creates a number of paintings. An example of the "reborn" wizard can serve as a canvas

"Noon. In the vicinity of Moscow. "

The picture is filled with light, it can be peaceful and tranquility, it can create a joyful, even blissful mood.

Forest place in the work of Shishkin

In 1870, he became one of the founders of the commendancy of the Movements and on the second exhibition of the Society introduced the picture

"Pinery".

Work and to date amazing the wholeness of color, photographicness of the transfer of nature and incredible combination of paints.

Other paintings, recreating magnificent forest arrays - "Chernolesie", "Forest Wilderness", "Spruce Forest", "Reserve. Pine Bor "," Forest (Shmetsk near Narva) "," The corner of the overgrown forest. Snow-grass, "" in the pine forest "and others. The painter surprisingly accurately depicts herbal forms, carefully discharges every twig, every blade. Pictures resemble beautiful, but still randomly taken photos. Such a tendency is characteristic only for the work, where a large color palette is used. The fields depicting the forest, made in a single color scheme, fully reveal the talent of the artist.

Creative techniques

The most famous painting of the master -

"Morning in a pine forest",

presented at the exhibition of Movies in 1889. The popularity of the work is that it is filled with serenity, the expectation of something beautiful and is a symbol of the Motherland. And let the bears wrote K. Savitsky, each of us associates these animals with young children.

The result of the whole creative path of Shishkin - the canvas

"Ship Grove" (1898 g).

It is completed on all the laws of classicism, fully reveals an artistic image. The painting has another property - incredible monumentality.

I. I. Shishkin died in his workshop 8 (20) of March 1898. He never finished the painting "Forest Kingdom", but the remaining heritage and to this day can affect the soul of our contemporaries.

Sestroretsky Bor 1886.

View of the island of Valaam. Cucco's locality1858-60

Birch forest 1871.

Oak. Rosch1887

Birch Grove

Birch and Ryabinka 1878

In front of a thunderstorm 1884.

Among the valley is flat ... 1883

View in the vicinity of St. Petersburg 1865

Winter in the forest, Octa 1877

In the north of wild

Above the embankment 1887.

Coniferous forest 1873.

Winter 1890.

Coniferous forest. Sunny day 1895.

Rye 1878.

Pinery. Mast forest in Vyatka province

Evening 1871.

View of the seaside

Rain in the Oak Forest 1891

Autumn landscape. Park in Pavlovsk 1888

Forest 1897.

Early autumn 1889.

Autumn forest 1876.

Mountain track. Crimea 1879.

Golden autumn 1888.

Winter forest

Pine forest

Forest in Mordvinov. 1891.

Mushroomniki

Creek in Birch Forest 1883

Dali

Winter. Moscow region. Etude

Pines. Lighted by the Sun.

River Ligovka in the village of Konstantinovka near St. Petersburg. 1869.

Two female figures 1880s

Children in the forest

First snow 1875.

Walk in the forest 1869

Dubka 1886.

In Crimea. Kozma Monastery and Damian under Chatrdag 1879

Pine on a rock. 1855.

Forest in the evening 1868-1869

At the coast of Kama near Elabugi

Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich (1832-1898) - the most famous Russian painter, a chart that I portrayed nature in all its glory. The diversity of the work of the Creator is striking: in his paintings you can find steppe and forest-steppe, coniferous landscapes not only of the expanses of Russia, but also other countries. It is popular both in our country and around the world.

Ivan Shishkin: biography

This outstanding person was born in the merchant family and lived ordinary life to school years. As you know, Shishkin could not learn in an ordinary school, so threw it and went to the art school. From there he entered the university in St. Petersburg, where students were taught not only painting, but architecture and sculpture. Such a base was very well influenced by the development of the abilities of young Shishkin. However, the tasks of study turned out to be little for the artist, and his free time he spent at the plenary.

Self-practice Shishkin

Plenuer is drawing outdoors. Artists worked right outside, in order to create light, atmospheric paintings, unlike idealized paintings, which were performed in workshops (using imagination). Ivan Shishkin was chosen at the captivity. The biography of this person consists of permanent travels in different corners of the world to learn how to draw different landscapes.

Shishkin went on walks with paints or graphic materials (pencils, coal) and wrote the district of St. Petersburg. Thanks to this habit, the young man quickly raised his skills in the shapes and details.

Soon the merit of the young painter was noticed in an educational institution, and received many medals for these works by the artist Shishkin. The paintings became more realistic, and he did less mistakes. Soon, the young man became one of the most famous artists of Russia.

"Noon in the vicinity of Moscow"

This picture is very bright and bright. The first thing that rushes into the eye is the contrast of the sky and fields, blue and yellow colors. The artist (Shishkin) allocated more space for the sky, probably because sheaves and so very bright. Most of the painting occupy gray clouds. They can find many shades: Emerald, Blue and Yellow. From the sky, the field separates only the thin band of the bluish horizon. In this given, you can see the hills, and a little closer settled the dark blue silhouettes of shrubs and trees. The closest to the viewer is a spacious field.

Wheat has already been matured, but the left is visible wild, unpersonal land. The rustling of burnt grass is very highlighted against the background of a yellowish mass of ears and creates an extraordinary contrast. In the foreground, we see the beginning of a wheat field: the artist placed reddish, burgundy and dark-oral strokes so that the depth of these sheaves was felt. On the road, which passes between grass and field, the artist Shishkin depicted two figures. By clothes of these people, we can say that they are peasants. One of the figures accurately belongs to a woman: we see a handkerchief tied on the head and a dark skirt.

"Sun lit pines"

Many stunning works wrote Ivan Shishkin. Pine Bor He loved to portray the most. However, it is worth paying attention to other canvas: they are not devoid of beauty and sometimes it turns out much more interesting pictures.

Pines - one of the eternal themes in the work of such an artist, like Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich. In this landscape, the game of light and shadow is especially noteworthy. The sun shines because of the back of the artist, in time it is noon or closer to the evening. In the foreground there are two high pines. Their trunks are so much to the sky that they do not fit in the picture. Therefore, the crowns of trees begin only in the middle of the picture. Although the trunks are not very old, moss has already grew up on their crust. From the sun, he seems yellowish and somewhere gray.

Shadows from trees are very long and dark, the artist portrayed them almost black. Another three pines are visible: they are arranged so as not to knock down the viewer from the main thing in the picture. The colors of this work - warm consists mainly of lightweight, brown, oath and yellowish shades. Such a palette causes the joy and feeling of peace in the shower. Dilute all this a few cold shades that Shishkin masterfully distributed in the picture. Emerald shades we see on the top of the pine crowns and left away. Thanks to this combination of colors, the composition looks very harmonious and at the same time brightly.

"Landscape with a lake" (1886)

This picture is one of the few shishkina, where water is depicted. The artist preferred to write forest thick, unlike light vegetation in this work.

The first thing that attracts attention in this work is the lake. The water surface is written in very detailed, so that you can see the light ripple at the coast and accurate reflections of trees and shrubs.

Thanks to the pure light blue, and in some places a purple sky, the water in the lake seems very clean. However, overty and greenish inclusions create the impression that this is a lake present.

Front Picture Plan

In the foreground is a green shore. Small grass is so bright that seems acid. Near the very edge of the water, it is lost in the lake, which looks out of his stroit. In contrasting grass, small wildflowers can be seen, as white, which seems as if it is glare from the sun on plants. On the right behind the lake from the wind, a large dark green bush pegs with bright lightweight shades.

On the other shore of the lake left, the viewer can distinguish the roofs of several houses; Probably, next to the lake is a village. Emerald, dark green pine forest towers behind the roofs.

The artist (Shishkin) picked up very true a combination of light blue, green (warm and cold), oath and black.

"Dali"

From the picture of Shishkin "Dali" blows something mysterious, the landscape is lost in the sunset. The sun has already gone, and we see only a light lane of the sky at the horizon. On the right in the foreground rises lonely trees. There are many plants around them. The greens are very thick, so the lights almost do not break through the shrubs. Closer to the center of the canvas is a high linden, which leaned from the severity of its branches.

The sky, as in other paintings, occupies most of the composition. The sky is the lightest on the canvas. The gray-blue skill color turns into light yellow. Scattered light clouds look very light and dynamic. In this work, Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich appears before us as a romantic and a dreamer.

In the foreground, we see a small lake that goes away. It reflects the dark stone and the burned out the ocher and yellow-green grass. In the distance are purple, gray hills, not very high, but noticeable.

Looking at the picture, fill with the feeling of sadness and comfort. Such an effect is created thanks to the warm shades that the artist Shishkin used in his work.

Ivan Shishkin is one of the most famous painters and charts that has portrayed nature. This man was truly in love with the forests, groves, rivers and lakes of Russia, so worked for them to the smallest details in their works. In the Pictures of Shishkin, you can not only describe the climate of Russia, but also study the foundations of plenary painting. And oil paints, and graphic materials, the artist owned perfectly, which is quite rare among creative people. It is difficult to call people who wrote nature as well as the artist Shishkin. Pictures of this person are very naturalistic, contrasting and bright.

Among the Russian landscape owners of Shishkina, undoubtedly belongs to the place of the strongest artist. In all his works, he is an amazing connoisseur of plant forms, reproducing them with a subtle understanding of both the general nature and the smallest distinctive features of any breed of trees, bushes and herbs. Whether he was taken by the image of a pine or fir forest, individual pines and ate, just like their aggregate, received his true physiognomy, without any embellishment or understood, is the type and with those parties that are fully explained and determined Soil and climate, where the artist forced them to grow. Whether he depicted oaks or birches, they took from him the truthful forms in foliage, branches, trunks, roots and in all details. The terrain under the trees - stones, sand or clay, soil irregularities, crouched by ferns and other forest herbs, dry leaves, a trust, a dog and so on - received a view of the perfect reality in the paintings and patterns of Shishkin.

"But this realism often harmed it with landscapes: in many of them, she challenged the general mood, informed them the character of not paintings, conceived not in order to initiate in the auditor or another feeling, but by random, albeit excellent etudes. It should also be noted that the Shishkin repeated what happens to almost every particularly strong artist: the science of forms was given to him to the detriment of the color, which he did not have a weak and non-harmonic, still not worth one level with a workshop. Therefore, the talent of Shishkin is sometimes much brighter in monochrome drawings and etchings than in such works in which he used many paints, "they consider some critics. Paintings and drawings It is so numerous that the indication even on the most important of them would take too much space; Especially there was a lot of them between lovers of art after the artist's retrospective exhibition arranged in 1891, in the forty years of his activity and sales after his death that remained in his workshop. It will be enough to mention the Shishkin works that are in public collections. In total, the Moscow Tretyakov Gallery is richer. It has pictures: "Wood cutting", "noon in the vicinity of Moscow", "Pine Forest", "Gorey Forest", "Rye", "Debresi", "Oceka", "Spruce Forest" and "Morning in the Pine Forest" And, moreover, seventeen workshops. The Russian Museum owns pictures: "Ship Grove", "Polyanka with pines", "Forest Wilderness" and "Polyana", five etudes and two drawings. The Moscow Public Museum did, in the will of K. Soldatenkova, a picture "View in the vicinity of Moscow" and one drawing.

Among all the works of the artist, the painting "Morning in the Pine Forest" is most popular. Her plot may have been prompted by Shishkin K. A. Savitsky. There is another version that the impetus to the appearance of this web was the landscape "Fog in the Pine Forest" (1888), written, in all likelihood, like "Bulchor", under the impression of a trip to the Vologda forests. "Fog in a pine forest", who had success at a mobile exhibition in Moscow (now in the private assembly), could cause Shishkin and Savitsky desire to write a web, repeating the motive of the famous picture, but with the inclusion of genre scene.

"School", "a verst post in the development of the Russian landscape" - so wrote about Shishkin contemporaries. I suggest that day to remember our, no doubt, the national heritage, to see the paintings again, read the old photos about this and extract old photos.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on January 25 (13th old style) of 1832 in Elabuga (Vyatka province) in a poor merchant family. His father, Ivan Vasilyevich, rented a mill and traded the grain, but in addition to this was passionate about the history and archaeology, developed and embodied the water supply system in Elabuga, wrote leadership and books, renovated the old tower of the city for his money.

Father Shishkin, Ivan Vasilyevich. Portrait of V.P. Vereshchagin

It was his father who encouraged the development of a creative alkali in his son - praised for success in drawing, together with him he was carved on a tree, and eventually sent to study in the Moscow School of Painting, Drainies and Architecture, where the young Ivan came to the class of Professor Portrait Painting A.N. Mokritsky, who noticed the talent of a landscape driver from a young man, and helped him develop in the right direction, which later Sishkin recalled with gratitude.

I.I. Shishkin, self portrait, 1854

During his studies, Shishkin occupied the question of why the Italian or Swiss landscapes were so fascinated by the color and juice (including in the execution of our artists), unless it is impossible to achieve the same, drawing native expanses. And this "nationality" turned out to be more relevant "here and now": at the same time and other artists increasingly began to turn to the whole Russian, the writers did not lag behind. Yes, and realism began to appreciate and enjoy success.

View of the island of Valaam, 1858

Shishkin worked on his paintings with such a zeal that sometimes it seems that every bladeing and every leaf is not left to them, and often with such accuracy that it could be used as an illustration in the botanical atlas.

Young waln threshold, 1870

Lopuhi, 1878.

Of course, there were those who say that emotions are lost behind such thoroughness, called him "photograph" and "copyist", but the time puts everything in its place: many people do not know the name of Shishkin, even by our immense far from art? Are there anyone those who do not know the author of the "the most painting with the bears" or "of that field with rye"? Shishkin landscapes have long ceased to be just a phenomenon in art, they are inextricably linked with Russian nature, they - as if she herself.

In front of a thunderstorm, 1884

Chalash, 1861.

Autumn forest, 1876

Landscape with lake, 1886

In the north wild ..., 1891

Misty morning, 1885

Kama near Elabugi, 1895

Road in rye, 1866

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin is deservedly called an excellent draftsman. He did not part with a pencil, and everywhere did an outline of everything that it seemed interesting to him, whether it was a broken tree branch, clouds or dried leaf.

Landscape with carts, beginning 1870s

Creek in the forest

In the summer in the field (shepherd with a herd), the beginning of 1860s

Forest River, 1893

Trees in the field. Bratseno, 1866.

Village, 1874.

Letter Shishkin parents with sketch, 1858

By the way, he received his first awards for the drawing, being a student of the Imperial Academy of Arts, where he did, finishing the school. His successes were repeatedly celebrated by medals, and at the end, along with the Big Golden Medal, Shishkin was awarded a three-year travel abroad. True, he left only 2 years later, he was where native places occupied more, and he spent time in an embrace with the road album, making sketches from nature.

View of Elabugi, 1861

Abroad, he worked in Germany, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.

I.I. Shishkin in Dusseldorf, photo, 1864/65

Despite all European beauties, he pulled him home, he wanted to write Russian nature. Although, it should be noted, in this journey they created a picture "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf", for which he was assigned the title of academician.

View in the vicinity of Dusseldorf, 1865

Dresden. Bridge Augustus, 1862

Beech forest in Switzerland, 1863

Swiss landscape, 1866

Upon return, he travels in Russia, and becomes a member of the partnership of mobile art exhibitions along with Repin, Kramsky, Vasnetsov, Surikov and others. At this time, Shishkin finally formed a recognizable style, in which there is no place of romanticization, but there is the beauty of nature in itself, and at the end of the 60s he writes one of his most famous works - "noon in the vicinity of Moscow."

Noon in the vicinity of Moscow, 1869

The artist insanely loves the forest, regularly leaving his debrals from the very early morning, and without tired working on the etudes and sketches. It should be noted that there is always a majestic forest in his paintings, and even a solemn.

Forest Stoutine, 1892

Pine Bor, 1895

Winter in the forest (France), 1877

Birch grove, 1878

Oak Grove, 1887

Meadow on the edge of the forest. Siverskaya, 1887.

Chopping Forest Forest, 1895

I.I. Chishkin with peasants, photography, 1890

Often in the pictures of Shishkin in nature, truly epic power, and do not often appear people or animals. It is not interesting and the fact that the bears on the canvas "Morning in the Pine Forest" (1889) wrote not Shishkin, and his friend, the artist Konstantin Savitsky, whose signature from the picture was removed by her by the Pavle Tretyakov.

Morning in a pine forest, 1889

A lot of shishkina and works on which it is focused on the scale, the spacious, the power of nature, but, on the contrary, on something small, on the individual components - weed herbs, fern, the tops of the pines, etc.

Tops of pines, 1890s

Flowers at the fence, mid 1880s

Snow-grass. Pargolovo, 1884.

Hesterns, 1892.

In 1873, writing his next picture - "Forest Wilderness", at the age of 41, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin received the title of professor at the Academy of Arts.

Forest wilderness, 1872

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was a very fruitful artist, they say about such "worked, not to give up hands."

I.I. Shishkin at work on the picture "Mordavin oaks", photography, 1891

Ivan Kramskaya. Portrait I. I. Shishkin. 1873.

On one sketch of Shishkin wrote: "Razdly, space, land, rye, God's grace, Russian wealth." And, probably, something similar swears in the head of the majority, looking at his famous painting "Rye" (1878).

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was married twice. Evgenia Aleksandrovna Vasilyeva, the sister of another talented Russian landscapeist Fedor Vasilyeva, who was met with her, who immediately fell in love with her, was to fall in love with her. Three children were born in this marriage, but both sons died still at a young age, and their mother was survived. Shishkin hardly tolerated loss, and only after 7 years he married the second time. His second spouse became an artist Olga Antonovna Lagoda, who died a month and a half after the birth of their daughter. Until the end of the life of Shishkin about his two daughters and his sister Olga Victoria cares about him.

Ivan Shishkin The brief biography of the famous Russian artist is set out in this article.

Ivan Shishkin Biography briefly

Famous paintings Shishkin: "Autumn", "Rye", "Morning in Pine Bor", "Before Thunderstorm" and others.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born 13 (25) January 1832 in Elabuga - a small town, in a family of a poor merchant.

From children's years he was fond of drawing. Parents tried to attract him to trade classes, but unsuccessfully.

In 1852 he went to Moscow for admission to the School of Painting and Sculpture and here for the first time a serious school of drawing and painting was held. Shishkin read a lot and pondered about art and came to the conclusion that the artist needs to study nature and follow it.

In Moscow, he studied under the guidance of Professor A. A. Mokritsky. In 1856-60. Continuing his studies at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts at the landscape system S. M. Vorobyov. His development goes rapidly. With other young landscape students he worked on the island of Valaam. For their successes, Shishkin receives all possible awards.

In 1860, a large gold medal for the landscape "View on Valaam Island" was awarded. Obtaining a large gold medal at the end of the Academy in 1860 gave Sishkin right to a foreign business trip, but at first he went to Kazan and further on Kam. I wanted to visit my native land. Only in the spring of 1862, he left the abroad.

For 3 years, lived in Germany and Switzerland. Engaged in the painter workshop and Engraver K. Roller. Even before his trip, he was known as a brilliant draftsman. In 1865, for the painting "View in the vicinity of Düsseldorf" received the title of academician. Since 1873, he became a professor of art.

I. I. Shishkin was the first of the Russian landscape players of the second half of the XIX century, attached great importance to the etude from nature. The theme of the solemn and clear beauty of the native land was for him the main one.

Shishkin was engaged not only with drawing, but in 1894 he began to teach in the Higher Art School at the Academy of Arts, knew how to appreciate the talents.