Ukrainian surnames for women list. Beautiful Ukrainian surnames: meaning and list

Ukrainian names very common, not to mention surnames. When Kievan Rus converted to Christianity, began to emerge beautiful words, which later became Ukrainian. Christian church calendar states that the basis of all data is he. So what is the magic of the Ukrainian language?

Ukrainian names and surnames

The origin of Ukrainian surnames is a long history that takes root in the past several centuries ago. There is one very curious fact: Ukrainian data came into use much earlier than Russian or English data. The first surnames were with the suffix -enko-, which is now known and even familiar. But few people know that this is one of the most ancient suffixes, which dates back to the 16th century.

Each word was given to people for a reason, it meant something. So, for example, the common surname Maistrenko has the translation "freedom", i.e. someone in the family was not a serf, but had the right to be a master. An ethnic Ukrainian can be a member of a group that has long history, due to the presence of some specific signs of the formation of a surname.

Mens

Ukrainian surnames male ones depend on endings and on suffixes - this is the most important indicator of construction. They were formed for a long time, relying on the nicknames of people, their profession, appearance and region of residence, so they could receive them based on the specifics of their activities. Common alphabetical suffixes playing the main role in data formation, these are:

• -ake-;
• -NS- ;
• -point-;
• -nik-;
• -ar (ar) -;
• -shin-;
• -ba-.

Womens

Ukrainian surnames for women are formed in the same way as for men. Here the endings change a little, they have a declension, but only thanks to this it is possible to understand that we have a woman in front of us. Also, the forms for girls do not exist for everyone. There are also data that does not change, i.e. suitable for both sexes at once. Examples of suffixes are the same as above. But it is best to disassemble it in a visual version.

1. Pilipenko. Treats both men and women alike.
2. Serdyukov - as mentioned in this case, it is clearly evident that this is a man. Serdyukov - declension with the addition of the letter "a" you can no longer think that this is male. Such a consonance will suit a woman much more.

Funny Ukrainian surnames

The dictionary of Ukrainian surnames is replete with unusual, funny data, which is strange even for names. No, it's not about ridicule at all. It's just that they are really very funny, funny, few people will have the courage to give their child a similar name. Although, for Ukraine, such names are considered the best of all:

• Ladle;
• Golka;
• Do not shoot;
• Nedayhleb;
• Thinness;
• Chicken coop;
• Fear;
• Pipko-Possessed;
• Cattle;
• Kochmarik;
• Grivul;
• Gurragcha;
• Surdul;
• Beauchard;
• Zhovna.

The list is endless, there are also not the most successful options that do not sound very aesthetically pleasing. But what to do, this is Ukrainian language and we must respect him.

Beautiful Ukrainian surnames

Beautiful Ukrainian surnames, the list of which is extensive. There is familiar data here that is often found. The data is really very interesting, well-known, and most importantly - consonant.

• Tkachenko;
• Stepanenko;
• Plushenko;
• Leshchenko;
• Skripko;
• Goncharenko;
• Sobchak;
• Tishchenko;
• Vinnichenko;
• Tymoshenko;
• Romanyuk;
• Onishchenko;
• Guzenko.

Western Ukrainian

Western Ukrainian surnames are owners of the -iv- suffix, it is found absolutely everywhere. For example, Illiv, Ivaniv, Ivantsiv. In general, in Western Ukraine there are not so many endings and suffixes, so the people limited themselves to basic additions to the data, without declension: -vich-, -ych-, -ovic-, -evich- and -ich-. That's all the variety. If the word ends with one of these suffixes, then it should be immediately determined that this is exclusively Western Ukraine. So, for example, here are a number of well-known names that refer to the Western Ukrainian addition system:

• Mishkevich;
• Koganovich;
• Mrych;
• Enukovich;
• Gorbatsevich;
• Krivich;
• Bekonovich;
• Vinich;
• Stroganovich;
• Strarovotovich;
• Gudzevich;
• Bykovich;
• Kpekych.

Common

There are also a dozen - the most common Ukrainian surnames, which are not only found on every corner, but are also considered the most popular of all. A large number of famous people are the owners of real surnames of Ukrainian origin, for example, cosmonauts, politicians, etc. List of Ukrainian surnames:

1. Strelbitsky.
2. Kravets.
3. Kravchenko.
4. Koval.
5. Kravchuk.
6. Kovalchuk.
7. Pridius.
8. Butko.
9. Khrushchev.
10. Matvienko.

How Ukrainian surnames are inclined

Do Ukrainian surnames decline? Generally, male surname will always fit this rule. But there is also one more weighty rule: non-Russian surnames that end in a consonant are necessarily inclined, and foreign data related to non-Slavic traditions with a vowel ending remain unchanged. The feminine side is not as flexible as there are some suffixes that just fall out. So, women have to walk with masculine data all their lives, but this does not upset them in any way, because in most cases these surnames are very laconic and beautiful.

Video

We are used to the fact that surnames ending in -in and -ov are considered Russian by default. But in fact, their carriers can be representatives of the most different nations: from Bulgarians and Macedonians in the west to Buryats and Yakuts in the east. Among Ukrainians, there are also many people whose surnames have such endings. Affects general history and numerous ties between fraternal peoples. So, what Ukrainian surnames are easy to confuse with Russians?

Originally Ukrainian surnames

Due to a number of factors, Ukrainians acquired surnames earlier than most Russians. Affected and geographic location countries, and the influence of western neighbors: mainly Poles. This process in Ukraine took place in the XIV-XVI centuries. First, surnames appeared among the nobles, then they spread to the merchants and clergy. And although the peasants changed their generic nicknames to official surnames a little later, still in the 17th century there was not a single Ukrainian left without this obligatory attribute of civic consciousness.
However, over time, the names of the Ukrainians could change. So, when joining the Zaporozhye Sich, becoming a Cossack, a man often took a new name and surname to emphasize that he had finally broken with his old life.
Sometimes the son of a man known in Podolia as Petro Pavlyuk, after moving to the Dnieper region, could be recorded there as Pavlo Pavlyuchenko. The process of forming Ukrainian surnames ended in the 19th century, when they were all officially assigned to each person.
And although the endings in -yuk (-uk) and -enko are the most common in this country, some of the original surnames for Ukraine end with the suffixes -ov (-ev) and -in. For example, Shinkarev, Pankov, Shugaev, Dragomanov, Khrushchev, Kostomarov, Brezhnev, Turchinov. It is quite easy to distinguish them from the Russians. It is enough, as they say, to look at the root of the word. If the blacksmith in Ukraine was called "koval", then the surname Kovalev could originally only come from here. Although this is not a reason to consider all its carriers as Ukrainians. Over the centuries, various events have taken place: from the banal adoption of children to attempts to hide, getting lost in a neighboring country and "correcting" the surname.
If we talk about the ending -in, then on Ukrainian origin indicates a more expansive form - ishin. Such surnames were formed from female names or nicknames of residents of Transcarpathia and Galicia. For example, the son of Baba Fedorikha could get the surname Fedorishin, and the son of Yatsikha could become Yatsishin. In the same way, if an unmarried Vasilina gave birth to a baby, and the father did not recognize him as his son, then the boy was recorded in the name of Vasilishin, formed on behalf of the mother.
Often, women's nicknames came from the names of their husbands: Danilo - Danilikha - Danilishin; Pavlo - Pavlikha - Pavlishin; Roman - Romanikha - Romanishin, etc.

Ancient surnames

Since the stories of the two fraternal peoples are closely intertwined, some Ukrainian surnames ending in -ov and -in were formed in the era Kievan Rus when ethnic division had not yet begun Eastern Slavs. It is about representatives the highest nobility, who had surnames already in the 10th century.
For example, a peace treaty between Byzantine Empire and Kievan Rus, concluded in 944, contains a list of very specific persons who signed it together with the legendary Prince Igor (the son of Rurik). Among the well-born and influential persons who acted as guarantors of the observance of peace on the Kiev side, this historical document indicated: Karshev, Svirkov, Koloklekov, Voikov, Utin, Vuzlev and Gudov.
To which of the two peoples did their descendants subsequently classify themselves? The exact answer to this question can no longer be found. However, it is safe to say that the surnames formed in the era of Kievan Rus may well be considered Ukrainian.

Forcibly Russified surnames

It should be admitted that some Ukrainian surnames were forcibly Russified. So, Romaniv could become Romanov, and Ivankiv - Ivankov. This process also took place in neighboring Belarus. In times Russian Empire some literate - a county deacon who made out the documents - easily altered Ukrainian surnames just like that, without any malicious intent. Just so that the surname sounds "correct" in the eyes of a scribe transferred to some Kherson office from some Ryazan.
The well-known Ukrainian philologist, academician Alexander Ponomariv, in his publicistic speeches, often notes that in pre-revolutionary Russia a massive Russification of Ukrainian surnames was carried out. And the historian Alexander Paliy writes that they were often copied in the army, including the Soviet one.
If a person lost a passport, for example, then when it was replaced, only one or two letters were corrected. Often, in response to complaints from the official authorities, people were told that the spelling of their names was more accurate, and earlier it was written with an error. Thus, thousands of natives of Galicia, whose surnames are characterized by the ending -iv, lost their national identity.
And in neighboring Belarus, some Ivashevichs became Ivashevs, Lukashevichs - Lukashevs, etc.

"Redesigned" surnames

Sometimes the process of Russification took place voluntarily. Usually, after moving to our country, many Ukrainians added the letter "v" to their surnames so as not to stand out from the bulk of the population. Porechenkov, Mishchenkov, Petrenkov, Dmitrenkov, Kovalenkov and other surnames similar to them retain the Ukrainian flavor, they are distinguished by the characteristic suffix "-enko".
This was done in the days of the Russian Empire and in the era of the USSR, it was convenient for people to be listed as Russians for a variety of reasons: from moving up the career ladder and ending with the gossip of neighbors in the communal kitchen.
It is noteworthy that during the Rzecz Pospolita, when part of Ukraine was part of this Polish-Lithuanian state, some people altered their surnames, adding the -ski ending to them. So the Ukrainians wanted to emphasize their belonging to the gentry - the privileged class of that time.
Many families, after several generations of life in Russia, inevitably acquired Russian endings of surnames. For example, the grandfather of the great writer Anton Chekhov bore the surname Chekh. However, this happened to almost everyone who moved to our country, because the owners of the Repa surname here became Repins, and Deineks became Denikins.

Origin of surnames.

History of Ukran surnames- one of the oldest in Europe. Already in the 17th century, almost all Ukrainians had hereditary generic names. For example, the commoners of France began to receive surnames in early XIX century, Russian peasants - after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. However, for a long time, Ukrainian surnames were not legalized and could change repeatedly. Only at the end XVIII century they acquired a legal status like all the surnames of Austria-Hungary, which then included Ukraine.

Methods for the formation of surnames.

List of Ukrainian surnames by afavit testifies to their enormous diversity in the way of education. One listing of suffixes, with which they were created, will take up considerable space. Here the undisputed leader is the suffix -enko. Initially, he emphasized the connection with his father and meant "the son of someone." Petrenko is the son of Peter, Romanenko is the son of Roman. Later he lost his ancient meaning and served as a supplement for nicknames and professions - Zubchenko, Melnichenko.

If you look dictionary of Ukrainian surnames then you can see a certain amount of surnames with suffixes -skiy, -tskiy, which speaks of Polish influence (Artemovskiy, Khmelnitskiy). Usually such surnames were assigned to priests. At the same time, in Western Ukraine, in order to distinguish a Ukrainian from a nobleman, surnames in -uk, -yuk are formed. At first, the baptismal names served as the basis for them, then any others - Gavrilyuk, Zakharchuk, Popelnyuk.

Among Ukrainian surnames, there are often those in which a trace of other peoples and languages ​​is visible, for example, the German roots of Shvartsyuk or Schwartz. And in such surnames as Babiy, Bogma, Kekukh, Prikhno, Shakhrai experts see the Adyghe origin.

No less varied and interpretation of Ukrainian surnames... Many Ukrainians received surnames according to the profession they were engaged in - Zvarych (salt-maker), Shvets (shoemaker), Stolyarenko, Koval (blacksmith). Surnames are often associated with the place of residence, nature, the names of rivers, lakes and even buildings - Lugovy, Ozirny, Zaklunny (klunya-barn), Dniprenko, Rostavets.

The meaning of Ukrainian surnames associated with the names of animals, birds and fish, can be ranked with ancient surnames. They were born from the nicknames of their first carriers - Vovk, Zaychuk, Orlenko, Karpenko. Plants, household items, food were also not forgotten - Skovoroda, Birch, Bulba, Borsch. Moreover, they had different variants education - Skovorodchenko, Borshchevsky, Berezovsky.

The names of the Cossacks.

One cannot ignore the nicknames of the Cossacks, which later became surnames. According to the unwritten laws of the Sich, the Cossacks had to leave their names behind the fence and enter the Cossack world with a new name that would accurately characterize them. Often there is a verb in imperative mood merged with the noun - Zhuiboroda, Lupibatko. Of course, these were nicknames, but many of them have survived to this day as surnames - Tyagnibok, Podoprigora, Krivonos.

Declination of Ukrainian surnames in Russian.

Most Ukrainian surnames do not have a female form, with the exception of surnames in -skaya, -tskaya, -ovskaya, -evskaya (Vishnevskaya, Savitskaya). Declination such Ukrainian female surnames obeys general rules Russian language. Rest female surnames do not change in cases, like all Ukrainian surnames in -co.

Top Ukrainian surnames shows which ones are most popular.

Where did such names as Yushchenko, Khmelnitsky, Gavrilyuk and Shevchenko come from? What do Tyagnibok and Zhuiboroda have in common?

This is a unique "-enko"

Surnames ending with the suffix "-enko" are considered the most typical for Ukrainians, and not because they constitute the largest group, but because practical ones are not found in others. Slavic peoples... The fact that such surnames became widespread in Russia is explained by the fact that the Ukrainians, after joining the Moscow State in 1654, constituted the second largest ethnic group after the Russians.

It should be noted that Ukrainian surnames came into use earlier than Russian ones. The very first mentions of the surname with the suffix "-enko" refer to XVI century... Their localization was typical for Podillya, a little less often for Kiev region, Zhytomyr region and Galicia. Later, they began to actively spread to Eastern Ukraine.

Researcher Stepan Bevzenko, who studied the register of the Kiev regiment of the middle 17th century, notes that surnames ending in "-enko" accounted for about 60% of the regiment's entire list of family names. The suffix "-enko" is a diminutive, emphasizing the connection with the father, which literally meant "little", "young man", "son". For example, Petrenko is the son of Peter, or Yushchenko is the son of Yuska.
Later, the ancient suffix lost its direct meaning and began to be used as a family component. In particular, he became an addition not only for patronyms, but also for nicknames and professions - Zubchenko, Melnichenko.

Polish influence

Long time most of today's Ukraine was part of the Commonwealth, which left its mark on the process of forming surnames. Surnames in the form of adjectives ending in "-skiy" and "-tskiy" were especially popular. They were mainly based on toponyms - the names of territories, settlements, water bodies.

Initially, surnames with similar endings were worn exclusively by the Polish aristocracy, as a designation of the rights of ownership of a particular territory - Pototsky, Zamoysky. Later, such suffixes spread to Ukrainian surnames, adding to the names and nicknames - Artyomovskiy, Khmelnitskiy.

Historian Valentin Bendyug notes that with early XVIII centuries "noble surnames" began to be assigned to those who had education, first of all it concerned priests. Thus, according to the calculations of the researcher, over 70% of the clergy of the Volyn diocese bore surnames with the suffixes "-tskiy" and "-skiy".

the phenomenon in Western Ukraine of surnames with endings in "-uk", "-chuk", "-yuk", "-ak" also occurred during the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The basis for such surnames was baptismal names, but later any others. This helped to solve the problem of identification - the isolation of a specific person from society and the isolation of the Ukrainian from the gentry. This is how Gavrilyuk, Ivanyuk, Zakharchuk, Kondratyuk appeared, although over time these suffixes became more widely used - Popelnyuk, Kostelnyuk.

Eastern trail

Linguists have established that there are at least 4,000 Turkic words in the Ukrainian language. This is due to the active resettlement of some Turkic and other eastern peoples in the region of the Black Sea and Dnieper regions in connection with the intensified Islamization of the Caucasian and Central Asian regions.

All this directly affected the formation of Ukrainian surnames. In particular, the Russian ethnologist L. G. Lopatinsky argued that the family ending “-ko”, which is widespread in Ukraine, comes from the Adyghe “k'o” (“k'ue”), meaning “descendant” or “son”.

For example, the common name of Shevchenko, according to the researcher, goes back to the word "sheujen", which the Circassians used to call Christian priests. The “sheujen” ending was added to the descendants of the “sheujen” who moved to the Ukrainian lands - so they turned into Shevchenko.

It is curious that surnames ending in "-ko" are still found among some Caucasian peoples and Tatars, and many of them are very similar to Ukrainian ones: Gerko, Zanko, Kushko, Hatko.

Lopatinsky also attributes Ukrainian surnames ending in "-uk" and "-yuk" to Turkic roots. So, as evidence, he cites the names of the Tatar khans - Kuchuk, Tayuk, Payuk. The researcher of Ukrainian onomastics G. A. Borisenko supplements the list with Ukrainian surnames with a wide variety of endings, which, in his opinion, are of Adyghe origin - Babiy, Bogma, Zigura, Kekukh, Legeza, Prikhno, Shakhrai.

for example, the surname Dzhigurda - an example of the Ukrainian-Circassian anthroponymic correspondence - consists of two words: Dzhikur - the name of the Zikh governor of Georgia and David - the Georgian king. In other words, Dzhigurda is Djikur under David.

Cossack nicknames

The environment of the Zaporozhye Cossacks contributed to the education a large number a wide variety of nicknames, behind which the serfs and representatives of other estates who fled from dependence, for security reasons, hid their origin.

“According to the rules of the Sich, newcomers had to leave their names behind the outer walls and enter the Cossack world with the name that would characterize them best,” writes researcher V. Sorokopud.

Many of the bright and colorful nicknames, consisting of two parts - a verb in the imperative mood and a noun, subsequently without any suffixes turned into surnames: Zaderykhvist, Zhuiboroda, Lupybatko, Nezdiyminoga.

Some of the surnames can be found even now - Tyagnibok, Sorokopud, Vernigora, Krivonos. Whole line modern surnames went from one-piece Cossack nicknames - Bulava, Gorobets, Birch.

Ethnic diversity

The variety of Ukrainian surnames is the result of the influence of those states and peoples under whose influence Ukraine has been for centuries. It is interesting that for a long time Ukrainian surnames were the product of free word-creation and could change repeatedly. Only at the end of the 18th century, in connection with the decree of the Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, did all the surnames acquire legal status, including in the territories of Ukraine, which were part of Austria-Hungary.

Professor Pavel Chuchka points out that a “Ukrainian surname” should be distinguished from a surname belonging to a Ukrainian. For example, the surname Schwartz, which is still found in Ukraine, has German roots, but the derivative of it Shvartsyuk (son of Schwartz) is already typically Ukrainian.

Thanks to foreign influence Ukrainian surnames often acquire a very specific sound. So, for example, the surname Yovban, according to Chuchka, has always been prestigious, since it comes from the name of Saint Job, who is pronounced Yovb in Hungarian. But the researcher sees the surname Penzienik in the Polish word "penzits", which translates as to scare

In a conversation, you can find the following statement: "Here, his surname ends in -in, so he is a Jew." Are Susanin, Repin and even Pushkin Jewish surnames? Some strange idea among the people, where did it come from? After all, the suffix -in- is often found in possessive adjectives formed from nouns of the first declension: koshkin, mother. While adjectives from the words of the second declension are formed using the suffix -ov-: grandfathers, crocodiles. Was it possible that only Jews chose the words of the first declension as the basis for the surname? It would be very strange. But probably everything that spins on people's tongues has some basis under it, even if it has been distorted over time. Let's figure out how to determine nationality by last name.

End or suffix?

It is not entirely correct to call our familiar -s / -es with an ending. The ending in Russian is a variable part of the word. Let's see what inclines in the names: Ivanov - Ivanova - Ivanov. It can be concluded that -ov is a suffix followed by a zero ending, as in most masculine nouns. And only in cases or when changing gender and number (Ivanova, Ivanov) endings sound. But there is also folk, and not linguistic concept"Ending" is what ends with. If so, that word is applicable here. And then we can safely determine the ending of surnames by nationality!

Russian surnames

The range of Russian surnames is much wider than those ending in -ov. They are characterized by suffixes -in, -yn, -ov, -ev, -skoy, -tskoy, -ih, -yh (Lapin, Ptitsyn, Sokolov, Soloviev, Donskoy, Trubetskoy, Moscow, Sedykh).

Russian surnames in -ov, -ev are indeed as much as 60-70%, and in -in, -yn - only about 30%, which is also a lot. What is the reason for this ratio? As already mentioned, the suffixes -ov, -ev are attached to nouns of the second declension, most of which are masculine. And since in Russian, surnames often originated from the father's name or occupation (Ivanov, Bondarev), this suffix is ​​very logical. But there is also male names, ending in -а, -я, and it is from them that the surnames Ilyin, Nikitin arose, in which we have no doubt that they are Russian.

What about Ukrainians?

Ukrainian ones are usually formed using the suffixes -enko, -ko, -uk, -yuk. And also without suffixes from words denoting professions (Korolenko, Spirko, Govoruk, Przhnyuk, Bondar).

More about Jews

Jewish surnames are very diverse, as Jews have been scattered throughout the world for centuries. Their true sign may be the suffixes -ich, -man and -er. But here, too, confusion is possible. Family endings-ich, -ovich, -evich are characteristic of the Poles and Slavic peoples who lived in the territory East Germany... For example, one of famous poets in Poland - Mickiewicz.

But the basis of the surname can sometimes immediately prompt Jewish origin its carrier. If the basis is Levi or Cohen / Kogan - the clan originates from the high priests - the Cohens or his assistants - the Levites. So everything is clear with Levi, Levitan, Kaganovich.

What will the surnames in -skiy and -tskiy tell you?

It is wrong to think that surnames ending in -skiy or -tskiy are necessarily Jewish. This stereotype developed because they were common in Poland and Ukraine. There were many family estates in these places, the names of the noble owners were formed from the name of the estate. For example, the ancestors of the famous revolutionary Dzerzhinsky owned the Dzerzhinovo estate on the territory of modern Belarus, and then Poland.

Many Jews lived in these areas, so many took local surnames. But the Russian nobles also have such surnames, for example, noble surname Dubrovsky from Pushkin's work is quite real. Is there some more interesting fact... Seminaries often gave a surname derived from church holidays- Preobrazhensky, Rozhdestvensky. In this case, the determination of nationality at the end of the surnames may lead to errors. Also, seminaries served as the homeland of surnames with an unusual root for the Russian ear, because they were formed from the Latin words: Formozov, Castorov. By the way, under Ivan the Terrible served as clerk Ivan Veloslekov. But the bicycle had not yet been invented! How is it - there is no subject, but there is a surname? The answer was this: it turned out to be a tracing paper from the Latin "swift-footed", only with a native Russian suffix.

Surname on -in: revealing the secret!

So what about the ending in -in? It is difficult to determine nationality on this basis. Indeed, some Jewish surnames end like this. It turns out that in some of them this is just an external coincidence with the Russian suffix. For example, Khazin originates from the modified surname Khazan - this is how one of the types of ministers in the temple was called in Hebrew. This literally translates as "overseer", since the khazan monitored the order of worship and the accuracy of the text. You can guess where the name Khazanov comes from. But she has the "most Russian" suffix -s!

But there are also matronyms, that is, those that are formed on behalf of the mother. Moreover, the female names from which they were formed were not Russian. For example, Jewish surname Belkin is a homonym of the Russian surname. It was not formed from a fluffy animal, but from female name Bail.

German or Jewish?

Another interesting pattern has been noticed. As soon as we hear surnames like Rosenfeld, Morgenstern, we immediately confidently determine the nationality of its bearer. Definitely, before us is a Jew! But not everything is so simple! After all, these are words German origin... For example, Rosenfeld is a field of roses. How did it happen? It turns out that on the territory of the German Empire, as well as in the Russian and Austrian ones, there was a decree on assigning surnames to Jews. Of course, they were formed in the language of the country in which the Jew lived. Since they were not passed down from distant ancestors from time immemorial, people chose them themselves. Sometimes this choice could be made by the registrar. This is how many artificial, bizarre surnames appeared that could not have arisen naturally.

How, then, to distinguish a Jew from a German, if both German surnames? This is difficult to do. Therefore, here you should not be guided only by the origin of the word, you need to know the pedigree of a particular person. Here, at the end of the surname, the nationality simply cannot be determined!

Georgian surnames

It is not difficult to guess the ending of surnames among Georgians by nationality. If the Georgian, most likely, it will be -shvili, -dze, -uri, -ava, -a, -ua, -ia, -ni, -li, -si (Basilashvili, Svanidze, Pirtskhalava, Adamia, Gelovani, Tsereteli). There are also Georgian surnames that end in -tskaya. This is consonant with Russian (Trubetskaya), but this is not a suffix, and they not only do not change by gender (Diana Gurtskaya - Robert Gurtskaya), but also do not incline in cases (with Diana Gurtskaya).

Ossetian surnames

Ossetian surnames are characterized by the ending -ty / -ti (Kokoity). The ending of the surname in -ev (Abaev, Eziev) is also characteristic of this nationality, usually it is preceded by a vowel. Often the stem of a word is incomprehensible to us. But sometimes it can turn out to be homonymous or almost homonymous to the Russian word, which is confusing. Among them there are those that end in -ov: Botov, Bekurov. In fact, these are real Russian suffixes, and they are attached to the Ossetian root according to the tradition to transfer surnames in writing. These are the fruits of Russification Ossetian surnames... At the same time, it is foolish to think that all surnames ending in -ev are Ossetian. The ending of the surname in -ev does not yet determine the nationality. Surnames such as Grigoriev, Polev, Gostev are Russian and they differ from similar ones ending in -ov, only in that the last consonant in the noun was soft.

A few words about the Armenians

Armenian surnames often end in -yan or -yants (Hakobyan, Grigoryants). Actually, -yan - this is the truncated -yants, which meant belonging to the genus.

Now you know how to find out the nationality at the end of the surname. Yes, it is not always easy to do this with guaranteed accuracy, even with a developed linguistic flair. But as they say, the main thing is that the person is good!