The most famous paintings by artists Malevich. Malevich, whom you did not know: Little-known facts about the life and work of the artist

Kazimir Severinovich Malevich (1878 - 1935) - artist, glorified in the genre of avant-gardium, impressionism, futurism, cubism.

Biography Casimir Malevich

Kazimir Malevich was born in Kiev on February 11 (February 23) of 1879. His parents by origin were Poles. His father, Severin, worked as a manager in Kiev at the factory of the well-known Sakharozavodnik Tereshchenko at that time. But according to other data, Casimir Malevich was the Belarusian folkloride and ethnographer Severin Antonovich Malevich. However, if the personality of the artist's father and raises questions, then it is known that Casimir's mother - Ludwig Alexandrovna - was a regular housewife.

Fourteen children's shower were born in the family, but only Nintero lived to mature age, and Casimir was senior among this noisy Vataga.

He began to draw light hands His mother, at a fifteenth age, after she gave her son a set with paints. When Malevich was seventeen, he was engaged in Kiev for some time art school N.I. Murashko.

Malevichi decided to move to the city of Kursk in 1896. It is connected with this decision about moving - it is unknown, but it is known that Kazimir worked there for some time as a small official, exhausted from the routine longing.

So it could not continue for a long time, so he still threw a clerk career for painting.

His first paintings were written under the influence. french impressionists And, of course, they were also created in the style of impressionism. After some time, he was fascinated with futurism with passion. It was almost the most active participant of all futuristic exhibitions, and even worked on costumes and decorations, in one word, issued a futuristic opera called "Victory over the Sun" in 1913. This performance passed in St. Petersburg has become one of the most important stages in the development of the entire Russian avant-garde.

It is the geometrization of forms and the maximum simplification in the design and pushed Casimir Malevich to the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a new direction - Suprematism.

Creativity Malevich

The artist committed a revolution, took a step to which no one could decide before him in the world. He completely abandoned the pictorialness, even from the pictorialness of fragmented, which had existed in futurism and cubism.

The artist demonstrated its first forty-nine cavoton to the world at the exhibition held in Petrograd in 1915 - "0.10". Under their work, the artist posted a sign: "Painting Suprematism". Among these canvases was the famous "Black Square", written in 1914 (?), Which caused rage attacks from criticism. However, these attacks do not poke it to this day.

Next year, Kazimir Malevich published a brochure called "from cubism to suprematism. A new picturesque realism ", in which it accommodatedly justified his innovation.

Suprematism ultimately presented a huge impact not only on painting, but also on architectural art West and Russia, which brought their creator truly world glory.

Suprematism Musical instrument Flowerian

Like all the artists of non-standard, "left" directions, Kazimir Malevich during the revolution led very active activities.

The artist was engaged in decorations for the first play Vladimir Mayakovsky "Misteria - Buff" in 1918, he headed the art department under the Moscow Council. When he moved to Petrograd, he was heading and taught in free art workshops.

In 1919, in the fall, Kazimir went to the city of Vitebsk, in order to teach in the People's Art School, which Mark Chagall organized, and which soon transformed into an artistic and practical institution. He left Vitebsk only in 1922 to return to Petrograd and work on porcelain factory, To invent more and more new forms of paintings, engaged in studying the possibilities of using suprematism in architecture.

In 1932, Malevich achieved the position of the head of the experimental laboratory at the Russian Museum, where he developed the theory about the "adding element in painting", which was previously put forward.

In the same 1932th, Malevich suddenly appealed to traditional realism. Perhaps it was associated with the trends of the new time, but, anyway, and finish this new period Casimir Malevich never could. In 1933, he was seriously ill, and two years later, in 1935 - died.

From the moment Kazimir Malevich created the famous "Black Square" passed almost 100 years, and the hype around him never subsides. To one opinion, as the famous picture was created, they still did not come. About the history of the origin of the masterpiece, on this moment, There are two versions: prosaic and mystical.

Prosaic version states how Malevich was preparing for a very large exhibition. But circumstances did not develop in his favor and the artist or did not have time to finish the work, or simply spoiled her. And in a panic, not knowing what to do, grabbed the paint of the dark color painted on the top of my work black square. As a result, the so-called "Krakle" effect was formed on the canvase - this is when the paint cracks. So it turns out as a result of applying paints to another, not dried. Exactly in such a chaotic location huge number Cracked people find different images.

But the mystical version states that Casimir worked on this work for one month. Through philosophical understanding The world, when some deep understanding and insight was achieved, and "Black Square" was created.

After the picture was finally completed, the creator could not sleep or eat. As the Creator himself wrote, he was busy with the fact that he peered into the mysterious space of the Black Square. He argued that he sees in this square what people had once seen in the face of God.

Why is this picture known for the whole world? There are few people who do not know about her. Maybe the whole thing is that no one did to Malevich? Maybe it's in innovation?

But! The thing is that Kazimir Malevich was not the first artist who drew a black square on canvas.

In Paris, in 1882, an exhibition was held, which was called "the art of inconsistent" and the exhibition was attended by the work of six artists. The most extraordinary picture was recognized by the work, which was called "Negro Night Fights in the basement" of the floor of the Tilty. Guess what was shown on it? Many artists suffer fiasco, just because they could not properly submit their work.

Kazimir Malevich is not only "black square". What is the meaning of Malevich's creativity? Why did he become so popular? It turns out that Malevich worked as a fabric designer and painted suits sketches to the play. And much more ... you are offered to your attention little-known creativity artist.

Malevich, whether there is no sense?

I say "Malevich" - you present a black square. But Malevich drew not only a square, and many more different color figures. And not just figures. But now let's talk about them. When looking at Malevich's paintings, the question arises: "Why did he draw it?" By the way, the question "why" Malevich is responsible - very long and boring in his philosophical works. If you say easier and shorter - it was a protest. Creativity, as a protest. An attempt to create something completely new. And here you will not argue - Malevich managed to surprise and shock. A hundred years passed, as "Black Square" was created, and he still does not give peace to people, and many consider their duty cougan "and I can". And you can, and Malevich was able. Malevich was the first to think about this - and therefore became popular.

Even the artist and that draws inspiration from the masters of Matra!

Malevich was able to come up with a new direction. This direction of painting is called "Suprematism". From the word "Supremus", which translated means "the highest". First, "High" Malevich called color. After all, the color is the main thing in painting. And then, with the arrival of popularity, the artist already called "Higher" his style. He could afford. Now Suprematism is the highest, the best, the only real style of painting.

Supremat artists draw different geometric shapes, most often square, rectangle, circle and line. Colors simple - black, white, red and yellow. But there may be exceptions - each artist draws as he wants himself.

If you want to figure out in the directions of contemporary art, we recommend reading a couple of books of collections.

How did Malevich understand painting?

This can be said to one quote:

"When the habit of seeing the image of the corners of nature, Madonn and Shameless Venus in the pictures, then we will only see a purely picturesque work."

What does it differ from the work of "unclean"? The fact that painting, according to Malevich, should create something that has never been before. Create, not repeat. This is how the artist differs from the artisan. Craftsman "Stamps" product. And the artist's work is one. Without repeating already created. If we see the landscape on the canvas is a "repetition" of nature. If a drawn person is also a repetition, because people already exist in life.

Malevich came up with the term - freeness. In the picture, we must see freeness, and only in this case the picture is real. Because if you see the object, it means that this subject exists in the world. If it exists - it means that the artist did not draw anything new. Then why did he generally draw? Such here is philosophy.

In addition to the famous "Black Square" Malevich drew white and red squares. But for some reason they did not become so popular.

So, the meaning of Malevich's paintings is that the artist comes up with something that has never happened. By this he excites the public. The public likes to discuss, condemn or vice versa - admire. That is why popularity came to Malevich, and disputes about his work do not subside until now. But Malevich is not only suprematism.

What else did Malevich draw?

All artists before proceeding to such experiments - first learned academic Painting. The one by the rules to which we are accustomed. Malevich is no exception. He painted and landscapes, and portraits, engaged in fresco painting.

Sketch of fresco painting titled "Celebration of the sky":

Scenery. "Spring":

Portrait of a girl:

After that, Malevich moved to experiments. The artist tried to pass the movement of people with geometric figures. One of the most popular pictures In this style is called "Lesorb". The effect of motion is achieved due to smooth color transitions.

And these are paintings from the "peasant cycle" of the artist. "On the harvest. Martha and Vanka. " At first glance, the shapes seem to be fixed, but also a moment - and we will see the movement.

Another "mobile" picture - "Harvesting":

And this picture is called "athletes." Here the main thing is color and symmetry. This is an example, as the direction of Suprematism can be used not only in drawing squares and lines. Silhouettes consist of multicolored figures. But at the same time we see in the picture of people. And even notice a sports form.

Fabrics from Malevich

Malevich created sketches of such fabrics. Their ornament was invented under the influence of all the same Suprematism: on the fabric we see the shapes and typical colors - black, red, blue, green.

According to sketches, Malevich and Alexandra Exter (artist and designer) Master of the village of Verbovka did embroidery. Embroidered shawls, tablecloths and pillows, and then sold them at the fairs. Such embroidery were especially popular at the fairs in Berlin.

And Malevich drew sketches of costumes for the play "Victory over the Sun". It was a play experiment, which challenged logic. The only one musical instrumentwho accompanied the play was upset piano. From left to right: attentive worker, athlete, groove.

What did Malevich inspired?

How could Malevich come up with a new direction? Amazing factbut the artist inspired folk creativity. In the autobiography, he called his first teachers of the art of ordinary peasants. Future artist I looked at their work and understood that he wants to learn the same way. Take a look at the embroidery - here it is, the beginning of the Suprematism. Here we see the same geometry that Malevich will later create later. These are ornaments without start and end - multicolored figures on a white background. Squares. On the Suprematic drawings of Malevich the background white, because it means infinity. And the color of the patterns are the same: red, black, blue are used.

1. At the Porcelain factory in Petrograd on sketches, Malevich and his students decorated canteens and tea sets.

2. Malevich was a designer of the vial of cologne "Northern". The artist came up with a bottle at the request of Parfumer Alexander Brocar. This is a transparent glass bottle, in shape - like an icy mountain. And on top - cap in the form of a bear.

3. The word "weightlessness" usually came up with Malevich. The development (even creative, at least technical) artist understood as a plane that overcame his weight and rose into the sky. That is, the weightlessness of Malevich meant ideal. And the weight is the framework, the severity that pulls people down. And over time, the word began to be used in the value familiar to us.

4. This artist has art everywhere. Even in everyday life. That's how Malevich's office looked like. We see black square, cross and circle. In the middle - one of the suprematic paintings, which the artist painted at that time.

5. Malevich had a wonderful sense of humor. Some paintings he signed like this: "The meaning of the picture is unknown." Funny, but honestly.

6. There is still no Malevich Museum in the world. But there are monuments.

Opening of the Monument "Black Square":

Monument to the work of Malevich:

7. Malevich is not only an artist and designer, but also a writer: he wrote poems, articles and philosophical books.

8. Malevich was only once abroad, but his work was popular throughout Europe. And now most of his paintings are in the museums of Europe and America.

9. All life, the artist thought that he was born in 1878. And only after the celebration of his 125th anniversary, it turned out that the real date of birth was 1879. Therefore, the 125-year anniversary of Malevich was celebrated twice.

10. Recently, programmers came up with Malevich Font. It is read difficult, but it looks interesting.

7 facts about "Black Square"

1. The first name "black square" - "black quadrilateral on a white background". True: "Black Square" is actually not a square. After all, no one is equal to another. It is almost imperceptible - but you can attach a ruler and measure.

2. Total Malevich drew 4 "black squares". All of them are different in size and are in the museums of Russia. The artist himself called his square "the beginning of everything". But in fact, the first "black square" is a painted picture. What - we do not know. There were a lot of disputes - to remove paint from the square and watch or leave everything as it is. Decided to leave. After all, first of all, such was the will of the artist. And under the x-ray it is clear that Malevich began to draw. Most likely, this is also a geometric:

3. Malevich himself explained the "painting" in a different way. He said that he painted the square quickly that the idea arose like insight. Therefore, there was no time to look for a clean cloth - and he took the one who lay at hand.

4. "Black Square" quickly became a symbol of new art. It was used as a signature. Artists sewed on clothes a square piece of black cloth. This meant that they are artists of a new generation. In the photo: Malevich's disciples under the flag in the form of a black square.

5. What does "Black Square" mean? Everyone can understand the picture in its own way. Some believe that in the square we see space, because there are no tops in space and Niza. Only weightlessness and infinity. Malevich said that the square is a feeling, and white background - Nothing. It turns out this feeling in emptiness. And the square is not found in nature, unlike other figures. And therefore not related to real Mir. This is the whole point of Suprematism.

6. At the first exhibition in St. Petersburg, Malevich demonstratively hung "Black Square" to the angle, where the icons usually hung. The artist challenged the public. And the audience immediately divided into opponents of new art and his admirers.

7. Home value "Black Square" is that each admirer of Malevich's creativity can hang the reproduction of the picture at home. Moreover - own production.

Finally, I offer such a quotation Malevich, which explains all his work:

"Always require that art is clear, but never require yourself to adapt your head to understanding."

Large Polish family Malevichi constantly moved from place to place, St. Ukraine: Kiev, Moevka, Parhork, Belopol, Konotop. Severin Malevich worked as a governor on sugar production. Senior of nine children, Kazimir, born on February 23, 1879, was prepared similar career. But the technique did not at all attracted a boy in love in nature, her bright colors and peasant life. He admired the ability of people working on Earth, to find time and for creativity: sing, dance, decorate their dwellings.

Father often took Casimir on service trips. During one of them, he saw a picture in the shop window of the Kiev store, on which the girl cleaned potatoes. Despite the uncomplicated plot and standard letters, this portrait became one of the first of his aesthetic shocks. Caasimir's boring and routine work at the factory or railway his mother. Ludwig Alexandrovna not only was engaged in the house and children, but also needled, taking a lot of his son along the opposite, and wrote poems. At the age of 15, she acquired a set of colors out of 54 colors, realizing that it was in such a gift that her susceptible to a beautiful son needs. Accumulated for childhood and adolescence of various impressions - moonlight In the dark room, the immensity of the horizon, painted in a green roof, sounded on a huge puddle - and the worship before the color was splashing on paper. The first picture was delighted by his friends " Moonlight night"Sold in the Konotop Student Bowls for 5 rubles. The first meeting with real artists occurred at Malevich in Belopol. The work of the icon painters from St. Petersburg is so impressed by the future painter that he, together with his friend, even planned to escape in North capital. Years later, the study of icon painting will help him better understand the naive creativity of the peasants.

Casimir Severinovich can be called self-taught with full right, including in painting. In his baggage only a few classes of agrarian school, annual training in the drawing school of Nikolai Murashko in Kiev in 1895-96. An attempt to become a student of Music (School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture) was stopped by the Father, who did not send a petition for admission to Moscow.

After moving to Kursk in 1896 due to the appointment of Malevich-Senior to work in management railway There were considerable changes in the family of the family. Casimir settled in the box at the same control, not forgetting about painting. Together with several colleagues, he organized a circle that united amateur artists. In 1901, he took the daughter of a pharmacist Zgleitsa, his aunt, who gave birth to him two children - Anatoly (1901) and Galina (1905). In 1902, misfortune happened - Severin Antonovich died suddenly from infarct. Despite the economic crisis and the status of the main breadwinner big familyMalevich did not leave thoughts about Moscow. It was there, in his opinion, one could realize the dream of serious classes in painting. In 1905, his dream was accomplished. Leaving a family in Kursk with a promise to return for loved ones when just stands, Casimir moves to Moscow. Small cash reserves accumulated during the service in Kursk allowed him to settle in the art commune of Kurdyumov. Several unsuccessful attempts to enter the men and a huge desire to learn drawing brought him in 1906 to the private school studio of the artist Fedor Reberg, one of the founders of the partnership of artists. In the exhibitions of this community from 1907, Malevich took part. To this period, his acquaintance with Ivan the key and Mikhail Larionov. The work of that period reflected his passion for impressionism. Study in Rerberg allowed to master various techniques and techniques of painting, to obtain systematic knowledge on its history. He regularly visited Tretyakov Gallery., attended exposure modern artists and the performances of Moscow theaters.

After the death of her husband, Ludwig Alexandrovna did not fell in spirit and took over the provision of his family, in parallel with the highest possible support of the Son in his desire to become a real artist. Thanks to her efforts to Moscow from Kursk, his wife and children were able to move. But after a couple of years, the marriage collapsed, without preparing the material difficulties and guest relations. After all, even after moving the family to Moscow, Casimir did not immediately leave the commune, not going to sacrifice his dream. The priority was unconditionally surrendered to painting, unlike the same key, who did not leave the service for the sake of ensuring a family with three children. For Malevich's creativity, the beginning of the 20th century is characterized by eclecticism or mixing different styles: Departure from realistic manner in favor of impressionism, foxism, modern. The end of the first decade was very fruitful for the artist, and fusist motives prevail in the work. Acquaintance with Larionov allowed him to take part in the first exhibition of the Bubnov Valet association. From 1908 to 1912, his bright work in the folklore style belonging to the so-called peasant cycle appeared in the expositions of the Moscow Salon, the "Union of Youth", the Munich "Blue Rider", "donkey tail". IN " Oslenic tail"Larionov, Goncharova, Malevich, Tatlin, Chagall, Fonvizin entered the group" Bubnovaya Valet ". Subsequently, spreading in views with Larionov, Malevich at the invitation of Matyushin joined the Union of Youth Union. During this period there is a gradual transition to a cubaceuturistic style. In 1913 he took part with compositions written in a similar manner, in the exhibition "Target". The idea of \u200b\u200bthe famous "black square" appeared in 1913 in the process of working on scenery and costumes to the futuristic opera of twisted and Matyushin "Victory over the Sun". A black and white backdrop, against the background of which the chaotic action was unfolded with an allogical text, symbolized an eclipse, triumph of a new life and human mind. Innovative findings Malevich: The effect of depth achieved by the construction of decorations in the design of the cubic form, the creation of a three-dimensional space with light. The use of geometric shapes in the design of the scene and suits separating them into composite parts, anticipated the creation of their own directions in painting - suprematism. Asymmetric compositions from multi-colored planes in a dynamic space. The results of work in the new direction were presented at the Futuristic exhibition "0, 10" in 1915. In a selection of 39 paintings was "black square", located in the upper corner of the room. Where traditionally hang icons. In 2015 was committed sensational opening. The picture resembles a matryoshoshka, in which several images are hidden: under the four-trigger of the dark color there are two more compositions - the cubefuturistic and protoymatic. There was also found the inscription "Battle of Blacks in dark cave", Causes Association with the Black Rectangle of Alfons Alla.

After the revolution, Malevich was called new power to work in the field of monuments and cultural values, Including in the Kremlin. He visited the Chair art department In the Moscow Council, after which two new museum of contemporary art appeared in Moscow. He taught in the state free workshops, collaborated with Meyerhold on the formulation of Mystery-Buff in Petrograd, wrote the work "On new systems in art." In 1919 his first personal exhibition took place. In the same year, Malevich moved with the second wife in Vitebsk, where basically engaged in teaching in art school, Created by Chagall, and writing works dedicated to modern art. In 1920 created by him in 1920, the Society of Unisis entered Lisitsky, Kogan, Czhannik and others talented artists and architects. In 1922, Malevich with his students and followers returned to Petrograd. In 1925, he presented his new developments relating to the use of Suprematism in the design of buildings - architectones and planned.

The derogate of the artist abroad began only in 1927. Poland became the first country, where the artist was treated very favorably to the suprematic canvases. The exhibition in Berlin turned out to be triumphal. But instead of five months he was able to stay there only one. The requirement of the authorities about the immediate return of Malevich in the USSR forced him to leave Germany. Most He left the paintings by the architect Gogo Hering. Many of them can be seen in the city museum of Amsterdam. In his homeland, he was arrested as an alleged German spy. CONCLUSION lasted not long - about a month. But it can be confidently assumed that a starting mechanism for a terrible illness, from which he later passed away, became stress, experienced during the first arrest.

While Glory Malevich rose abroad (new exhibitions in Berlin and Vienna), in native Fatherland Clouds were condensed around him. For about a year, he regularly came to Kiev to read lectures at the Art Institute. An exhibition organized there in the spring of 1930 caused a negative reaction in power structures. Followed by a new arrest, and only intervention high-ranking official Kirillus Skutko, his friend, allowed to come to freedom soon. Created by 1932 new folklore cycle, "PostSupprematic" canvases, with flat torsham - evidence of internal dons and increasing anxiety. Picture with the eloquent name "Complex Premonition" with dramatic color gamut, the lack of a person from the character, deprived of the opportunity to see and speak, anticipates the events of the near future. In works late period There is an unexpected return to a realistic manner. That is what the portraits of his daughter's daches, born in the second marriage, Kneis, Punin, the third wife of the artist, simple workers are written.

In 1933, Casimir Severinovich was diagnosed with cancer, from which he died on May 15, 1935. Malevich bequeathed to bury him in a cruciform Suprematic coffin with stretched hands. After the cremation procedure, the ashes transported to the shortage, the village of the village, in which the artist loved to relax so much. On a cubic monument, erected over the grave, a black square was depicted. After a few decades, the burial lost during World War II was discovered by trails.

Elena Tanakova

Casimir Severinovich Malevich was born in 1879 in Kiev. It came from the family of ethnic Poles. The family was big. Casimir was the eldest of 14 children. In the family they spoke exclusively in Polish, they communicated with the neighbors in Ukrainian.

Up to 17, Casimir was brought up at home (the family managed to move to Konotop to that time), and in 1895 he entered the Kiev drawing studio (the artist's first picture wrote at 16 years old, and his friends, judging by his stories in autobiography, sold it for 5 rubles).

In 1896, Casimir began to work (at that time the family had already lived in Kursk). He did not leave creativity, continuing to engage in painting unprofessional. In 1899, he married.

First trip to Moscow

In 1905, Malevich went to Moscow. He tried to enter the Moscow School of Painting, but he was not credited to the course. In 1906, he took the second attempt to go to the school, fell back and returned home.

Final moving to Moscow

In 1907, the whole family moved to Moscow. Casimir began to attend classes on artistic creativity.

In 1909, he divorced and married Sofa Rafalovich, Polka, whose father sheltered in his house of Malevich (in brief biography Kazimir Malevich does not indicate the reason for which his children remained alone without a mother).

Recognition and Creative Career

In 1910 - 1914, a strip of recognition of Nemereimivistic creativity Malevich began. He took part in large quantities Moscow exhibitions (for example, "Bubnov Valnet"), exhibited in the Munich Gallery. It was at this time that he got acquainted with M. Matyushin, V. Klebnikov, A. Morgunov and other avant-gardists.

In 1915, they were written famous work - "Black square". In 1916, they were organized by the Supremeos Society, where he promoted the ideas of leaving cubism and futurism to suprematism.

After the revolution, he, as it is called, "hit a jet" and began to develop a lot of development issues soviet art. By this time, the artist lived in Petrograd, he worked with V. Meyerhold and V. Mayakovsky, taught in the People's Art School, who was led by M. Shagal.

Malevich created the UNIISI's society (Male Malevich's disciples were devoted to him from Petrograd to Moscow and back) and even the daughter's born was called.

In the 20s, he worked as director of various museums and institutes of Petrograd, led scientific and teaching work, exhibited in Berlin and Warsaw, opened several exhibitions in the leading museums of Petrograd and Moscow, taught in Kiev, where a workshop was opened specifically for him. At the same time, he divorced the second wife and married again.

In the 30s, he worked in the Russian Museum, exhibited a lot, but he wrote mostly portraits, although I was interested in architecture and sculpture.

In 1933 he was seriously ill, and in 1935 died. It is buried near the village of Nemchinovka, where he lived and worked for a long time.

Other biography options

• In 1930, Malevich was imprisoned. He was charged with espionage in favor of Germany. But investigators and friends in the bodies did everything so that in six months the artist was released.
• Few people know that in addition to the "black square", there is still a "black circle" and "black triangle", and the "black square" master rewrited several times and only the last, fourth version, completely satisfied.

On February 23, 1879, the Russian and Soviet Avant-gardeist, the founder of Suprematism Kazimir Malevich, was born in Kiev. It is one of the founders abstract art. Became known for its interpretation of the subject form as a combination of contrasting color geometric elements. We decided to remember several famous paintings artist.

"Black square"

This picture Kazimir Malevich created in 1915. She is the most famous job. "Black Square" thought as part of triptych, the composition of which "black circle" and "Black Cross". The picture was created by Malevich for the Futuristic exhibition "0.10", which opened in St. Petersburg on December 19, 1915. The picture "Black Square" was located in the most prominent place, in the so-called red corner, where icons are usually hanging in Russian homes.

Some considered that the artist misleads them, hiding the initial image under a black square. However, a later expertise did not confirm the presence of another image on canvas.

Malevich himself explained the concept of his first "black square" as follows: "Square - feeling, white space - emptiness for this feeling."

There are two more basic suprematic squares - red and white. Red and white squares were included in the artistic and philosophical triad defined by Malevich. Subsequently, Malevich with a different goal performed several copyright repetitions of the Black Square. There are already four variants of the Black Square, differing in the pattern, texture and color.

"Black Circle"

One more famous work Malevich - "Black Circle". He also created this picture in 1915, she was also exhibited at the exhibition "0.10". It is part of the Triptych "Black Square", "Black Circle" and "Black Cross". "Black Circle" is stored in private collection. Later, Malevich's students under his leadership created the second version of the picture. The second option is kept in the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.

"Rides Red Connection"

In the period from 1928 to 1932, Malevich created another picture that became famous. She is known as "Rides Red Connection". Interestingly, this picture has long been the only artist's abstract work, which entered official story Soviet art. This was facilitated by its name and image of the events of the October Revolution. Malevich set on back side The date of the 18th year, although in fact it was written later. The picture is divided into three parts: the sky, land and people (red cavalry). The ratio of the width of the earth and the sky - in the proportion of 0.618 ( golden cross section). The cavalry of three groups of four riders, every rider breaks up - perhaps the cavalry of four rows. The land is drawn from 12 colors.

"Suprematic composition"

The painting "Suprematic composition" was created by Malevich in 1916. She was exhibited in Moscow in 1919-1920. In 1927, Malevich exhibited a picture at exhibitions in Warsaw, and later in Berlin. After the urgent departure of Casimir Malevich in the USSR in June 1927, the picture was transferred to them by the German architect Hugo Gering. In general, after the exhibition, Malevich left in Berlin in 1927 more than a hundred of his canvases. Later, Gering took out these canvases from nazi Germanywhere they were subject to destruction as "degenerative art."