Abstractionism: definition, types and artists. Abstract art! Abstraction in art! Abstract painting! Abstractionism! The features of abstractionism in painting

10.07.2019

Biography Haruki Murakov Haruki Murakami emphasis

Details Category: A variety of styles and directions in art and their features Published on 05/16/2014 13:36 Views: 10491

"When the sharp angle of the triangle concerns the circle, the effect is no less significant than Michelangelo, when the finger of God concerns the finger of Adam," said V. Kandinsky, the leader of the avant-garde art of the first half of the XX century.

- a form of visual activity that does not intend to display a visually perceived reality.
This direction in art is also called "free-change", because His representatives refused an image approximate to reality. Translated from the Latin word "abstractionism" means "deletion", "distraction".

V. Kandinsky "Composition VIII" (1923)
Artists-abstractionists on their canvases created certain color combinations and geometric shapes to cause various associations from the viewer. Abstractionism does not aim to recognize the subject.

History abstractionism

The founders of Abstractionism are considered to be Vasily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Natalia Goncharov and Mikhail Larione, Pete Mondrian. Kandinsky was the most decisive and consistent of those who at that time represented this direction.
Researchers say they do not quite correctly consider abstractionism style in art, because This is a specific form of visual art. It is divided into several directions: geometric abstraction, gesticulating abstraction, lyrical abstraction, analytical abstraction, suprematism, aranformel, nyazism, etc. But in essence, severe generalization is an abstraction.

V. Kandinsky "Moscow. Red Square""
Already from the middle of the XIX century. Painting, graphics, sculptures are based on the fact that inaccessible to the direct image. The search for new visual means, methods of typing, increased expression, universal symbols, compressed plastic formulas begin. On the one hand, this is aimed at mapping the inner world of a person - its emotional psychological states, on the other - on updating the vision of the objective world.

Creativity of Kandinsky passes a number of stages, including an academic drawing and realistic landscape painting, and only then goes into the free space of color and line.

V. Kandinsky "Blue Horseman" (1911)
The abstract composition is the last, molecular, level on which painting still remains painting. Abstract art is the most affordable and noble way to capture personal being, and at the same time it is a direct realization of freedom.

Murnau "Garden" (1910)
The first abstract picture was written by Vasily Kandinsky in 1909 in Germany, and in a year he released the book "On Spiritual in Art", which later became the famous. The basis of this book was the reflection of the artist that the external may be random, and the internally necessary, spiritual, constituent essence of a person may well be fulfilled in the picture. This globility is associated with theosophical and anthroposophical works of Elena Blavatskaya and Rudolf Steiner, who studied Kandinsky. The artist describes the color, colors interaction and their effect on man. "Psychic paint strength ... causes spiritual vibration. For example, a red can cause a mental vibration, similar to the one that causes the fire, as the red color is at the same time the color of the fire. Warm red color acts as an exciting way; Such a color may increase to a painful painful degree, may also be due to its similarity with flowing blood. The red color in this case awakens the memory of another physical factor, which, of course, painfully acts on the soul. "

V. Kandinsky "Twilight"
"... purple color is chilled red, both in physical and mental sense. It is therefore a character of something painful, extinguished, has something sad. It is not in vain, this color is considered suitable for old women. The Chinese apply this color directly for mourning robes. His sound is similar to the sounds of the English horns, swirls and in their depths - the low tones of wooden wind instruments (for example, a fagot) ".

V. Kandinsky "Gray Oval"
"Black color internally sounds like nothing without the opportunity as dead."
"It is clear that all the above mentiones of these simple paints are only very temporary and elementary. The same are the feelings that we mention in connection with the colors - joy, sadness, etc. These feelings are also only the material states of the soul. Much more subtle nature have colors, as well as music; They cause much more subtle vibrations that are not amenable to verbal notation. "

V.V. Kandinsky (1866-1944)

An outstanding Russian painter, graph and theorist of fine art, one of the founders of abstractionism.
Born in Moscow in the family of a merchant, received a major musical and art education in Odessa, when the family moved there in 1871. Brilliantly graduated from the Faculty of Law, Moscow State University.
In 1895, the exhibition of French Impressionists took place in Moscow. Especially struck the Kandinsky picture of Claude Monet "Stack of Sen" - so at the age of 30, he completely changes the profession and becomes an artist.

V. Kandinsky "Pösta Life"
His first picture is "Pösta Life" (1907). It is a generalized picture of human existence, but this is already the prospect of his future creativity.
In 1896, he moved to Munich, where he gets acquainted with the work of German expressionists. After the beginning of the First World War, it returns to Moscow, but after a while he again leaves to Germany, and then to France. He traveled a lot, but periodically returned to Moscow and Odessa.
In Berlin, Vasily Kandinsky taught painting, became the theorist of the Bauhauz school (Higher School of Construction and Art Design) - an educational institution in Germany, which existed from 1919 to 1933. At this time, Kandinsky received worldwide recognition as one of the leaders of abstract art.
He died in 1944 in the Paris suburb of Nyui-sur-Sen.
Abstractionism as an artistic direction in painting was not homogeneous phenomenon - abstract art united several currents: radiation, ORPH, Suprematism, etc., which you can learn from our articles in more detail. Start XX century. - the time of the rapid development of various avant-garde flows. Abstract art was very diverse, here also included cubal feasts, constructivists, unfinished, etc. But the language of this art required other forms of expression, but they were not supported by the figures of official art, besides, in the environment of the very avant-garde movement, contradictions were inevitable. Avant-garde art was declared anti-people, idealistic and practically forbidden.
Abstractionism did not find support in fascist Germany, so Abstractionism centers from Germany and Italy move to America. In 1937, a museum of free painting was created in New York, founded by the Millionaire Guggenheim's family, in 1939 - the Museum of Contemporary Art, created at Rockefeller.

Post-war abstractionism

After the Second World War in America, "School of New York" was popular, whose members were the creators of abstract expressionism D. Pollock, M. Rotko, B. Newmann, A. Gottlib.

D. Pollock "Alchemy"
Looking at the picture of this artist, you understand: serious art is not leaving easy interpretation.

M. Rotko "Untitled"
In 1959, their works were exhibited in Moscow at the US National Art Exhibition in Sokolniki Park. The beginning of the "thaw" in Russia (1950s) opened a new stage in the development of domestic abstractionism. Studio "New Reality" opened, the center of which was Elya Mikhailovich Belyutin.

The studio was in the Abramtsev near Moscow, in the summer of Belutina. There was an installation on the collective work to which futurists began the beginning of the XX century. "New Reality" united Moscow artists who adhered to various views on the method of building abstraction. Artists L. Gribkov, V. Zubarev, V. Preobrazhenskaya, A. Safokhin came out of the studio "New Reality".

E. Belyutin "Maternity"
The new stage in the development of Russian abstraction begins in the 1970s. This is Malevich, Suprematism and constructivism, the traditions of the Russian avant-garde. Malevich's paintings caused interest in geometrized form, linear signs, plastic structures. Modern authors discovered the works of Russian philosophers and theologists, theologians and mystics, joined the inexhaustible intellectual sources, which filled the creativity of M. Schwartzman, V. Yurlova, E. Steinberg.
The mid-1980s is the completion of the next stage of development of abstraction in Russia. End of XX century I designated a special "Russian path" of impreitable art. From the point of view of the development of world culture, abstractionism as a stylist direction ended in 1958. But only in the post-prey-the-fledged Russian society, abstract art became equal with other directions. Artists got the opportunity to express in forms not only classic, but in the forms of geometric abstraction.

Modern abstractionism

Modern abstraction language often becomes white. For Muscovites M. Kastalskaya, A. Krasulin, V. Orlova, L. Pelikha The space of white (top-voltage color) is filled with infinite possibilities, allowing to use and metaphysical ideas about spiritual, and optical laws of light reflection.

M. Castal "Sleepy Hollow"
The concept of "space" has different meaning in contemporary art. For example, there is a sign space, a symbol. There is space of ancient manuscripts, the image of which has become a kind of paletmpuses in the compositions of V. Gerasimenko.

A. Krasulin "Stool and Eternity"

Some currents in abstract art

Lucism

S. Romanovich "Removing from the Cross" (1950s)
The direction in the painting of the Russian avant-garde in the art of the 1910s, based on the displacement of light spectra and light relevant. One of the early directions of abstractionism.
At the heart of the creativity of the rays lies the idea of \u200b\u200b"intersection of reflected rays of various objects", since the person actually perceived the subject itself, but "the sum of rays coming from the light source reflected from the subject and in the field of our field." The rays on the canvas are transmitted using color lines.
The founder and theorist of the current was the artist Mikhail Larionov. In Luchism, Mikhail Le-Dantei and other artists of the "Oslay Tail" group worked.

The special development of raysism was received in the work of S. M. Romanovich, which the colorful ideas of radiation made the basis of the "spatiality" of the colorful layer of the figurative picture: "Painting is irrational. It comes from the depths of a person, as a spring beats from under the ground. The task of it is the transformation of the visible world (object) through harmony, which is a sign of truth. Work - to write in harmony - maybe he lives in whom - this is the mystery of man. "

Orphism

The direction in the French painting of the beginning of the XX century, formed by R. Delone, F. Kuppe, F. Picabia, M. Dushan. The name was given in 1912 by the French poet Apolliner.

R. Delon "Marso Field: Red Tower" (1911-1923)
Orphists artists sought to express the movement dynamics and musicality of rhythms using the interpenetration of the basic colors of the spectrum and interconnecting of curvilinear surfaces.
The effect of ORFIZMA can be seen in the works of the Russian artist Aristarha Lentulov, as well as Alexandra Exter, George Yakulov and Alexander Bogomazov.

A. Bogomazov "Composition №2"

Neolasticism

This style is characterized by clear rectangular forms in architecture ("International Style" of P. Auda) and abstract painting in the layout of large rectangular planes, painted in the main colors of the spectrum (P. Mondrian).

"Mondrianan style"

Abstract expressionism

School (movement) of artists, drawing quickly and on large canvases, using non-geomeometric strokes, large brushes, sometimes dripping with canvas paints for the utmost detection of emotions. The purpose of the artist with such a creative method is the spontaneous expression of the inner world (subconscious) in chaotic forms that are not organized by logical thinking.
The movement was specially scope in the 1950s, when D. Pollock, M. Rotko and Villem de Cuning, was standing at the head.

D. Pollock "under different masks"
One of the forms of abstract expressionism is Tashism, both of these flows practically coincide on ideology and creative method, but the personal composition of artists who called themselves with tashists or abstract expressionists coincides completely.

Tashism

A. Orlov "Scars in the shower never heal"
It is painting spots that do not recreate the images of reality, but express the unconscious activity of the artist. The smears, lines and stains in Tashizm are applied to the canvas quick movements of the hand without a predetermined plan. The European group "Cobra" and the Japanese group "Gutai" are close to Tashism.

A. Orlov "Seasons" P.I. Tchaikovsky

Abstractionism is a relatively young among the directions of art. The year of its origin is officially recognized as 1910, when the artist Vasily Kandinsky was exhibited the first cloth in the new technique written by watercolor.

Representatives of abstractionism take as the basis for creating their own masterpieces simple and complex forms, lines, planes and play with color. To real objects, what happens in the end has nothing to do. This is a work that is available only to superconsciousness through the sensual world of personality.

For decades after the first work in this stylist, abstractionism has undergone different changes, was actively introduced into other avant-garde directions.

(Abstraction from Carol Hein)

As part of abstractionism, the people of art created numerous pictures, sculptures, installations. Separate elements were used and continued to be implemented, including, in the interiors of modern premises.

To date, the abstract in art is divided into geometric and lyrical abstraction. The geometric direction of abstractionism is characterized by strict and clear lines, stable states. Lyrical abstraction is characterized by a free form and a demonstration of the dynamics, a given master or artist.

Abstractionism in painting

It is from painting and began its development abstractionism. On canvas and paper, he was revealed to the world by playing color and lines, recreate something that there were no analogues in the real object.

(... and more understandable abstraction from carol hein)

Bright representatives of abstractionism are considered:

Kandinsky;
Malevich;
Mondrian.

Later they had a lot of followers, each of whom made her artistic lept, applying new paint techniques and new principles for creating an abstract composition.

(Vasily Vasilyevich Kandinsky "Composition IV")

Founders of the direction, creating their masterpieces on canvas, relied on new scientific and philosophical theories. For example, Kandinsky, justifying its own artistic creations, appealed to Blavatskaya's theosophical works. Mondrian was a representative of neoplastic and actively used clean lines and colors in his works. His paintings were repeatedly copied by many representatives of the sphere of painting and art. Malevich was a tary adherence to the theory of Suprematism. The primacy in the art of painting Master was given to color.

(Kazimir Malevich "Composition of geometric figures")

In general, abstractionism in painting was for ordinary ordinary people in two ways. One considered such work deadlock, the second - sincerely admired the ideas that artists were laid in their creations.

Despite the chaoticness of lines, shapes and colors, paintings and works of art in the stylistics of abstractionism create a single and integrally perceived by the audience composition.

Art directions Abstractionism

Abstraction-style work is difficult to classify clearly, as this direction has many followers, each of which contributed its vision in development. In general, it can be divided by the type of predominance of lines or technician. To date, allocate:

color abstractionism. Within the framework of these works, artists play with flowers and shades, putting the focus in the works precisely on the perception of their consciousness of the watching;
geometric abstractionism. This flow has its own strict characteristic differences. These are clear lines and forms, the illusion of depth and linear perspectives. Representatives of this direction are supremats, neoplasticists;
expressive abstractionism and tashism. The emphasis in these branches is not made on colors, forms and lines, but on the paint technique, through which the speaker is given, emotions are given and the unconscious artist working without any preliminary plan is reflected;
minimalistic abstractionism. This is closer to the avant-garde. Its essence comes down to the absence of references to any associations. Line, forms and colors are used concisely and at a minimum.

The birth of abstractionism, as directions in art, became the result of the changes in the first century at the beginning of the last century related to new numerous discoveries, which began to promote humanity forward. Everything new and still required the same explanation and exit, including through art.

Abstractionism - style or direction in painting. Abstractionism or abstract genre It implies the refusal of the image of real things and forms. Abstractionism is aimed at bringing certain emotions and associations in humans. For these purposes, the painting in the abstract style is trying to express the harmony of color, shapes, lines, stains and so on. All forms and color combinations that are in the perimeter of the image have an idea, their expression and semantic load. No matter how seemed to the viewer, looking at the picture where there are nothing except lines and Kleaks, everything in abstraction is subordinate to the definite rules of expression.

To date, the abstraction is so wide and diverse that herself is divided into many species, styles and genres. Each artist or group of artists is trying to create something, something special, which would be the best way to reach the feelings and sensations of man. To achieve this without the use of recognizable figures and objects is very difficult. For this reason, the canvas of abstractionists who truly cause special feelings and are forced to affect the beauty and expressiveness of the abstract composition, deserve great respect, and the artist himself is considered a real genius from painting.

It is believed that abstract painting came up with and developed a great Russian artist. His followers were also, who not only explored the philosophy of abstractionism, but also developed a new direction in this genre - raysmism. Even more "enhanced" the technique of abstraction, having achieved full free-reliability, which was named - Suprematism. No less well-known abstainers Steel: Pete Mondrian, Mark Rotko, Barnett Newmann, Adolf Gottlib and many others.

Abstract paintingwhich literally blew up the world of art, became a symbol of the beginning of the new era. This era means a complete transition from the framework and restrictions on complete freedom of expression. The artist is no longer connected, he can write not only people, household and genre scenes, but even thoughts, emotions, feelings and use for this any forms of expression. Abstractionism, like a painting of a personal experience, was still in the underground. His, like many other genres of painting in history, was ridiculed and even subjected to condemnation and censorship, as art having no meaning. However, over time, the position of the abstraction has changed and now it exists on a par with all other forms of art.

V. Kandinsky - several circles

V. Kandinsky - Composition VIII

Villem de Cunning - Composition

In the last century, the abstract direction has become a real breakthrough in the history of art, but quite natural - a person has always been searching for new forms, properties and ideas. But in our century, this art style causes a lot of questions. What is abstractionism? Let's talk about this further.

Abstractionism in painting and art

In style abstractionism The artist uses a visual language of forms, contours, lines and colors to interpret the subject. This contrasts with traditional art forms, which receive a more literary interpretation of the subject - transmit "reality". Abstractionism leaves as far as possible from classic visual art as possible; Represents the subject world not at all as in real life.

Abstractionism in art challenges the mind of the observer, just like his emotions - to fully assess the work of art, the observer must get rid of the need to understand that the artist is trying to say, and he must feel the response emotion himself. All aspects of life are amenable to interpretation through abstractionism - faith, fears, passions, a reaction to music or nature, scientific and mathematical calculations, and so on.

This direction in art originated in the 20th century, along with Cubism, surrealism, Dadaism and others, although the exact time is unknown. The main representatives of the style abstractionism in painting, it is customary to consider such artists as Vasily Kandinsky, Robert Delone, Kazimir Malevich, Frantios Kupka and Pete Mondrian. We are talking about their creativity and important paintings.

Pictures of famous artists: abstractionism

Vasily Kandinsky

Kandinsky was one of the pioneers of abstract art. He started his searches in impressionism, and already an abstractionism came to style. In his work, he exploited the relationship between the color and the form for creating aesthetic experience, which would cover both the vision and emotions of the audience. He believed that the complete abstraction gives space for a deep, transcendental expression, and the copying of reality only prevents this process.

Painting was deep spiritual for Kandinsky. He sought to convey the depth of human emotions through the universal visual language of abstract forms and colors, which would exceed physical and cultural boundaries. He saw abstractionism As an ideal visual regime, which can express the "internal necessity" of the artist and convey human ideas and emotions. He considered himself a prophet whose mission is to share these ideals with the world, for the benefit of society.

"Composition IV" (1911)

Hidden in bright colors and clear black lines depict several Cossacks with spears, as well as boats, numbers and castle on the top of the hill. As in many paintings of this period, it represents an apocalyptic battle that will lead to the eternal world.

In order to facilitate the development of the free-free style of painting, as described in his work "On spiritual in art" (1912), Kandinsky reduces objects to pictographic symbols. Thanks to the removal of most references to the outside world, Kandinsky expressed its vision to a more versatile manner, translating the spiritual essence of the subject through all these forms in the visual language. Many of these symbolic figures were repeated and refined in its later work, becoming even more abstract.

Kazimir Malevich

Thanks to its contacts in the West, Malevich was able to convey his ideas about painting to artists in Europe and the United States, and thus deeply affect the evolution of contemporary art.

"Black Square" (1915)

The cult picture "Black Square" was first shown by Malevich at the exhibition in Petrograd in 1915. This work embodies the theoretical principles of Suprematism developed by Malevich in his essay "from cubism and futurism to suprematism: new realism in painting."

On the web in front of the viewer is an abstract form in the form of a black square - it is the only element of the composition. Despite the fact that the picture seems simple, it presents such elements as fingerprints, brush strokes, peeling through black paint layers.

For Malevich, the square refers to feelings, and the white is emptiness, nothing. He saw a black square as a god-like presence, an icon, as if she could become a new sacred way for impressive art. Even at the exhibition, this picture was placed on the place where the icon usually has in a Russian house.

Pete Mondrian

In its most famous paintings since the 1920s, Mondrian reduces the shapes to lines and rectangles, and the palette is to the simplest. The use of an asymmetric balance has become a fundamental in the development of contemporary art, and its cult abstract works retain their influence in design and familiar to popular culture and today.

"Gray Tree" (1912)

"Gray Tree" is an example of the early transition of Mondrian to style abstractionism. The three-dimensional tree is reduced to the simplest lines and planes, using just gray and black shades.

Here you can still see the interest of Mondrian to the abandonment of a structured organization of lines. This step was significant for the development of a pure abstraction of Mondriana.

Robert Delone

Delone was one of the earliest artists of abstractionism. His creativity influenced the development of this direction, based on the compositional voltage, which was due to the opposition of colors. He quickly fell under neo-impressionistic colorful effect and very closely followed the color system of work in the style of abstractionism. He considered the color and light to be the main tools, with the help of which you can influence the object object.

By 1910, Delon made his own contribution to cubism in the form of two series of paintings depicting cathedrals and Eiffel Tower, which joined cubic forms, movement dynamics and bright colors. This new way to use color harmony helped to separate this style from orthodox cubism, having received the name of Orphism, and immediately influenced European artists. In the same style, the paintings continued to write the paintings by the wife of Delone, the artist Sonya Terk-Delone.

Eiffel Tower (1911)

The main work of Delone is dedicated to the Eiffel Tower - the famous symbol of France. This is one of the most impressive from a series of eleven paintings dedicated to the Eiffel Tower between 1909 and 1911. It is painted in a bright red color that immediately distinguishes her from the surrounding city. The impressive canvas size additionally enhances the greatness of this building. As a ghost, the tower towers over the surrounding houses, in a figurative sense shaking the foundations of the old order themselves.

The picture of Delone conveys this feeling of limitless optimism, innocence and freshness of time, which has not yet witnessed the two world wars.

Frantishek Kupka

Frantishek Cup - Czechoslovak artist drawing in style abstractionismwho graduated from the Prague Academy of Arts. As a student, he, first of all, painted on patriotic topics and wrote historical compositions. His early works were more academic, however, his style developed over the years and eventually moved to abstractionism. Written in a very realistic manner, even his early works, contained mystical surreal topics and symbols that preserved and when writing abstractions.

The coup believed that the artist and his work take part in long creative activities, the nature of which is not limited as absolute.

"Amorph. Fugue in two colors "(1907-1908)

Starting from 1907-1908, the checkout began to draw a series of portraits of a girl holding a bowl in his hand, as if she was going to play or dance with him. Then he developed more and more schematic images, and ultimately, received a series of fully abstract drawings. They were completed in a limited palette of red, blue, black and white colors.

In 1912, in the autumn salon, one of these abstract works was first publicly exhibited in Paris.

Style Abstractionism does not lose its popularity and in painting of the XXI century - lovers of modern art do not mind to decorate their home as masterpiece, and work in this style is flying away from the hammer on all sorts of auctions for the fabulous amounts.

Learn more about abstraction in art will help you the following video:

Abstractionism (lat. abstractio. - removal, distraction) or non-pigurative art - Direction of art, refused by the image of forms in painting and sculpture. One of the objectives of abstractionism is the achievement of "harmonization", using the image of certain color combinations and geometric forms, causing a sense of completeness and completion of the composition at the contemporant. Outstanding figures: Vasily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Natalia Goncharov and Mikhail Larionov, Pete Mondrian.

History

Abstractionism (Art under the zero forms sign, unlimited art) is an artistic direction that has formed in the art of the first half of the 20th century, fully refused to reproduce the forms of the real visible world. The founders of abstractionism is considered to be V. Kandinsky , P. Mondriana andK. Malevich.

V. Kandinsky created its own type of abstract painting, freeing from all signs of substitution of the stains of impressionists and "wild". Pete Mondrian came to his freeness through the geometric stylization of nature, started by Cezanne and Kubistami. The modernist flows of the 20th century, focused on abstractionism, completely depart from traditional principles, denying realism, but remain within the framework of art. The history of art with the advent of abstractionism survived the revolution. But this revolution arose not by chance, but quite naturally, and was predicted by Plato! In his late work, Phyleb wrote about the beauty of the lines, surfaces and spatial forms, independent of all imitation of visible subjects, from all monesesis. This kind of geometric beauty, in contrast to the beauty of natural "incorrect" forms, according to Plato, has not relative, but unconditional, absolute character.

20 century and modernity

After the 1st World War, 1914-18 the trends of abstract art were often manifested in certain works by representatives of Dadaism and surrealism; At the same time, the desire to find the use of inactive forms in architecture, decorrugated art, design (experiments of a group of style "and" Bauhaus ") was determined. Several abstract art groups ("concrete art", 1930; "Circle and square", 1930; "Abstraction and creativity", 1931), uniting artists of various nationalities and trends, originated at the beginning of the 30s., Main in France. However, abstract art has not received wide distribution, and by the mid-30s. Groups broke up. In the years of the 2nd World War, 1939-45 in the United States emerged a school of the so-called abstract expressionism (painters J. Pollock, M. Toby et al.), which developed after the war in many countries (called Tashism or "Formal Art") and proclaimed by its "pure mental automatism" and a subjective subconscious impulsiveness of creativity, the cult of unexpected color and textural combinations.

In the second half of the 50s, the art of installation, pop art was originated in the United States, somewhat later famous Andy Warhol with his endless replication of portraits Marilyn Monroe and cans of dog food - Collage abstractionism. In the pictorial art of the 60s, the least aggressive, static form of abstraction - minimalism became popular. At the same time Barnet Newman, founder of American geometric abstraction, together with A. Lieberman, A. Held.and K. Noland Successfully engaged in the further development of the ideas of Dutch neoplasticism and Russian suprematism.

Another course of American painting was called "chromatic" or "post-siblish" abstractionism. Representatives to some extent pushed out from Fovisma and postminglyism. Hard style, emphasized sharp outlines E. Celly, J. Yungherman, F. Sustla Gradually inferior to the painting of a contemplative melancholic warehouse. In the 70s - 80s, American painting returned to figurativeness. Moreover, the broadest spread received such an extreme manifestation as photorealism. Most art historians converge on the fact that the 70s is the moment of truth for American art, because during this period it was finally freed from European influence and was purely American. However, despite the return of traditional forms and genres, from portrait to historical painting, not disappeared and abstractionism.

Paintings, the works of "disadvantaged" art were still created, since the return to realism in the United States was not overcomed by abstractionism as such, but its canonization, a ban on figurative art, which was identified primarily with our social realism, and therefore could not not be considered odious In the "free democratic" society, a ban on "low" genres, on social functions of art. At the same time, the stylistics of abstract painting acquired some softness, which she did not take before, - streamlining volumes, blurring of contours, the richness of halftone, thin color solutions ( E. Murray, St. Hephon, L. Rivers, Mr. L. Huese, A. Ballod).

All these trends laid the foundation for the development of modern abstractionism. There can be nothing frozen in creativity, since it would be death for him. But whatever the paths are abstractionism, no matter how it is transformed, the essence of it always remains unchanged. It is that abstractionism in visual art is the most affordable and noble way to capture personal being, and in the form, that neither is adequate - like facsimile impression. At the same time, abstractionism is a direct realization of freedom.

Directions

In abstractionism, two clear directions can be distinguished: geometric abstraction, based mainly on well-defined configurations (Malevich, Mondrian), and lyrical abstraction in which the composition is organized from free forms (Kandinsky). Also in abstractionism there are several other major spending.

Cubism

The avant-garde direction in the visual arts originated at the beginning of the 20th century and characterized by the use of the conditioned forms of the geometric shape, the desire to "crush" real objects for stereometer primitives.

Regionism (raysism)

Direction in abstract art of the 1910s, based on the replacement of light spectra and light relevant. It is characterized by the idea of \u200b\u200bthe emergence of forms from the "intersection of the reflected rays of various objects," since the person is in fact not the subject perceived, but "the amount of rays coming from the light source reflected from the subject."

Neolasticism

Designation of the direction of abstract art, which existed in 1917-1928. In Holland and united artists who were grouping around the magazine "De Stijl" ("Style"). Characterized clear rectangular forms in architecture and abstract painting in the layout of large rectangular planes, painted in the main colors of the spectrum.