Diagnosis of drawing my family. Obtaining additional information

For interpretation of family drawings Psychologists always treat increased attention In those cases where more or fewer family members are drawn than it is in fact (for example, Pope is shown, or on the contrary, the elder brother is not drawn). The absence in the figure of one of the family members means either the presence of unconscious negative feelings for this person, or the lack of emotional contact with this character - it is no matter in the inner world of the subject. If a person does not draw himself in the figure of his family, it testifies to him about the difficulties of self-expression in relations with loved ones (I do not notice me in the family, it's hard for me to find my place in it). Also, the absence in the figure of the author himself means indifference to loved ones (I do not strive to be with them, they do not worry me).

For Interpretations of family patternimportant It has a sheet space, which is an analogous to the life of a person.Also, as in real life, in the plane of the sheet, each person unconsciously seeks to take as much space as much as he, in his opinion, deserves. In other words, if he has low self-esteem, he takes little space in real world And, drawing on a sheet of paper, it will take only a small part of it. On the contrary, people are confident, well adapted, draw freely, with a scope, and can take the entire sheet.

Location families on the figure is also important when interpretations. If a person portrayed a family in the lower half of the sheet, this indicates not only its low self-esteem, but also about the low level of life claims and ambitions. That is, if the family plot is located at the bottom of the sheet, then this indicates the following: "Even the so-a little, which I pretend to, I can't do." If the image is small in size placed at the top of the sheet, and big bottom part The sheet is empty, it suggests that the low self-esteem of the subject is combined with high levels His claims: "I want a lot of things in my life, but I have little luck."

It happens that a person draws some inanimate objects with his family, and perhaps and depicts them instead of the family. For example, instead of people, a house without doors can be drawn, a garage and combining their fence, and family members are not depicted at all. It is understood that all of them are somewhere inside the drawn house. In such cases, interpretations of family patternpsychologists make the following conclusions. Family replacement inanimate objects shows that the closed world of the house without doors seems to be the biggest family value. The fact that there is no family members in the picture indicates a deficiency of emotional contact with them. The absence of the author's picture itself says that he does not see himself places in this world. Handled doors indicate that the subject is experiencing difficulties in the desire to reveal before others, especially in the home circle. The presence of buildings (fence, garage) indicates aggression against the actual owners of the house or the riot against the fact that the subject considers artificial cultural standards.

For interpretations of family pattern Psychologists also note the importance of how characters are depicted. Their size, drawing of the features of the face (eyes, nose, mouth, etc.), sizes and shape of the hands, legs, etc. The size of the depicted character or the subject expresses its value for the author's drawing and shows what place in his soul is occupied by this character in this moment time. The size is used to express significance, fear and respect. The big size of the head means the mind, respectively, the most "smart" family member the author considers who he painted the most big head. Large in size and / or shaded mouth - symbol of aggression, attack. If the mouth of a person is missing or depicted point, then this person has no right to express his opinion and influence others. The more powerful character perceived, the more his hands. The absence of hands is the exponent of shyness, passivity, hidden hands express the feeling of guilt. The exaggerated size of the hands, the selection of hands and fingers - indicates a tendency to aggression.

The image in the character's drawing, which does not officially belong to the family (for example, a member of a relative family, family friend, etc.) talks about unsatisfied needs in relation to this character. These desires subject implements in its fantasy, in an imaginary communication with this person. The same tendency indicates the presence of a fictional (for example, a fabulous) character.

Also as interpretations of family pattern great importance It has the location of the characters on the space of the sheet.
According to the principle of the vertical hierarchy, the character possessing, according to his author, the highest authority in the family (although it can be the smallest in linear size) is above the principle of the vertical hierarchy. Below all is the one whose power in the family is minimal. The distance between the characters (linear distance) is associated with a distance of psychological. Who is subject to the subject of all in psychological attitude, he depicts spatially closer to himself. The same applies to other characters: whom this person perceives as close to each other, those he will draw next to each other. Also characters, which in the figure directly contact each other (for example, hands) are in just as close psychological contact. Characters who do not come into contact, do not possess such contact.

A character or subject that causes the subject of the greatest alarm is depicted either with an enhanced pressure, or strongly shaded, or its contour is encountered several times. But in some cases it can be applied very thin, trembling line. The author is not to be solved to portray him. Characters with large, advanced eyes are perceived by the author as anxious, restless, in need of saving them. Characters with eyes - "dots", "alkalks" carry internal "ban on crying", that is, they are afraid to ask for help. The larger the area of \u200b\u200bsupport at the feet, the more firmly standing on the ground the character is perceived. Lack of feet, small, unstable legs - a sign of uncertainty, instability, lack of a strong base, lack of basic sense of security. If the characters in the figure are depicted in one row, it is necessary to mentally spend horizontal line At the lowest point of the legs. Then the support in reality have only those people who "stand" on this line. The rest, "in the air", according to the subject, do not have an independent support in life.

The method of "Family Drawing" is convenient for use, it helps to establish good emotional contact,
available to persons with reduced intelligence. Especially productively use in preschool and primary school age when children often have difficulty in expressing their feelings and thoughts. At the same time, this technique and the rules of its interpretation can be successfully used in work with adults. The technique has significance not only for diagnosis. interpersonal relationship In the family, but also to choose the tactics of psychological correction and psychotherapy of disturbed family relations.

Gayane Eribekyan
Psychological test for preschoolers "My family"

Children are interested in testing. For them, tests - the new kind fascinating game. While the child is passionate about this game, the psychologist spends his research workaimed at studying the inner world of the kid. What interests him, please or grieves? What is the cause of fears? How much is fantasy? Isn't it alone in a family circle?

(http://psytags.ru/http_psytags_ru_sbornik_psihologicheskih_Testov/- diagnostic, entertaining and educational tests for children)

Test "My Family"

To find out how a child belongs to his closest relatives, offer him a landscape sheet, a set of color pencils and ask the topic for the "My Family" drawing

When making a baby, the task should not be near. Let the child be liberated

If you know that the day before the child witnessed the conflict in the family, postpone the passage of the test. If the baby has questions about what and how it should draw, it means that the idea of \u200b\u200bthe concept of "family" is not fully formed. To prevent such issues, you need to talk in advance on this topic

When the drawing is ready, you certainly need to discuss it with the baby so that it will share his thoughts that will help you better understand his submissions about the family

Work on the decoding of the test

Are your images on the spot?

When expanding the test, it should be remembered that there is nothing superfluous in the children's drawing. Here each touch (position of images, push pencil, color, etc.) is important here. The absence in the image of an image of a family member does not mean that the baby forgot about him. He subconsciously displaces this person. If the child did not depict himself, it may mean that either he considers himself unnecessary in the family, or vice versa, wants to show that he and without family members lives well.

About image size

Here the analytical algorithm is simple. Significant characters are depicted in larger sizes. Perhaps you will see the drawings of giants - brothers and sisters and Liliputov - parents. This means that at the moment parents are given a secondary role.

Appendix drawing "Frames"

Often children's drawing contains images fictional heroes or even technicians (friends, neighbors, fairy-tale heroes, cars). This fact testifies to the lack of a child of communication and emotional support in the family, so he is trying to fill this gap outside the house

Above or lower

Image characters kid can mark in different parts drawing. By paying attention to the position of the depicted image, you define whom the baby considers the "owner" in the house, that is, who in the family is endowed with a greater power

Distance between heroes

This important nuance is evidence of the psychological distance between family members. The closer the images of the characters are located apart, the strongest mutual understanding between them

It's me

The baby depicted himself in the corner of the picture - it means that he has understated self-esteem. A giant occupying all the space in the middle of the drawing will tell you that the child is a good opinion about himself. Although most preschoolers have an overpriced preschool children, since they are "princes and princesses" in the family, with age there is erasing of children's egocentrism and a decision laid "

Alarm Copk

The drawing contains a character depicted with a large pressure, circled or shaded. This is evidence of anxiety at the kid. Anxiety can cause unconscious installations from adults. On the feeling of fear and anxiety, the kid may also indicate weak faded lines and strokes

Favorite pets pets

The kid showed his four-legged friend next to him? Of course, because in it, the child sees the closest and "native" being, which selflessly loves him, never scolds and does not impose any requirements

Head character

Depicting a largest character, the baby wants to tell what he considers him the smartest family member. Pay attention to the eyes - reflection of the psycho-emotional state of the host. Big eyes symbolize fear, waiting for help and support, the need for affectionate relationship. Eyes depicted in the form of alkaline or points, speak of depression, uncertainty, ban on the expression of emotions.

Contours of the mouth A large, open, shaded mouth indicates a pronounced aggression, dissatisfaction, offense. The image of the mouth in the form of a dash, points, or its absence - a sign of the imposed taboo on the expression of emotions. The behavior of such a person is distinguished by misinterdiction and weavorol.

Image of earsThe owner of large ears will always be considered a stranger. This is the easiest character. If a big ears In the studied child, it may reflect his susceptibility to the world around. Often, the large size of the ears testifies to the alarming alertant behavior of the baby, the ears for him are the leading information channel, according to which a variety of information about himself and the surrounding world comes

Did the neck drawn?

The neck is considered a link between feelings and mind. If the child portrayed this part of the body, then this suggests that the character has common sense, a practical mind and strong will. In the absence of a neck in the image, it can be assumed about the uncontrolled emotional hot tempering of the hero

About hands

They are considered guides in the world of goals and relationships. Hands allow us to implement our goals and opportunities, talents and abilities. It is important to pay attention to your fingers. Their presence indicates that a person is confident and in its capabilities of manifestations in the surrounding world. On the image of the fingers on the left hand, you can judge the relationships inside the family, on right hand - Outside the family. Holders of large hands are distinguished by latitude of views, courage and power

Our support is legs

If the character has strong legs and large feet, then it enjoys the huge support of the kind. A slim image of the legs indicates internal uncertainty and fear of unknown. Legs - symbol of the availability of motion, life change, opening new expanses.

Much eyes can tell about a person if you carefully look at them. Parents should often look into the eyes of a child. And not in order to strongly try to truth from him, but with deep attention and love. In communication with the child, seeks to establish relationships not between the parent and child, but an equal relationship according to the child-child scheme. When your "inner child" succeeds in establishing a connection with the baby, you can understand and explain the nature of the children's consciousness.

It is not easy to understand your child. In addition, children can not always correctly tell about what is happening in their head. The Picturesque Methodology "My Family" helps to analyze the child's relationship with parents, deal with the problems arising and to eliminate them in time.

Purpose of dough

Before you ask your child to draw a family and proceed to the interpretation of the results, you need to accurately understand what this technique can give you. When a child draws, he does not think about whether it is correct or not. Everything that lies with his heart, he depicts on paper. It can help parents understand how a child belongs to them, who he feels in the family, which has hidden problems. It will also work psychological condition Health. What a child is silent about, he will show on a sheet of paper. This test can help parents establish relationships with the baby, as well as avoid many unpleasant situations.

The task

In a quiet and relaxed atmosphere, offer the child to draw his family. Give him a leaf A4 and multicolored pencils. In addition to the family, you can depict other objects at will. It should not be closely looking at the fact that the baby will do. Watch him from the side. It is very important to notice the sequence in which it will draw. At the end, you can also ask questions on the drawing.

The Picturesque Method for My Family helps to identify the most different problems, and therefore each item, each drawn wand and dot is very important. It is worth paying attention to how people are located in the drawing, which color they are painted. It is important to analyze and the size of each family member.

Task performance

If the child lives in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere, he immediately hits the task. And he will start with family members. If the baby began to draw complementary details, then this means that he feels uncomfortable and uncertain. Probably in the family now not the most best PeriodAnd he does not want to be there at all. If he forgot to draw someone at all, then there is no contact with this person with this person. If there are foreign people in the picture - the child lacks care and love. The most difficult case, if the artist itself is not in the image. This means that the child does not feel like a family member. He is not associated with her emotionally.

Before you begin to decipher the painting method "My family", be sure to ask the child about what is drawn. Without a small artist, interpret the image will be very difficult. For example, the girl drew the following drawing.

It has only the artist herself. And from adults - no one. She explained that parents in the house with a little sister. Such a drawing is a real cry of help. The child does not feel necessary and important. Most likely, with the advent of sister, parents began to pay less attention and care. Dark trees, puff and smoke from the pipe indicate a depressive state of the girl.

In this case, the "My Family" technique helped to reveal that the child is closed from communication. The girl feels lonely and unnecessary. The fact that she painted herself over the house, says that she is trying to pay attention by all means. The girl as if he appeals to her parents: "Here I, look at me!", But no one hears her. Perhaps lately such a child will become even more disobedient and capricious. And all this is just a way to attract the attention of loved ones.

Sequence

It is very important to draw attention to the one who the small artist painted first. It is this person that he loves most of all, it is with him a contact with him. If first he painted his image, it means that he considers himself the best in this family. If at the same time the figure is also big size - Perhaps the child grows by the egoist.

The last place in the picture is allocated to a person with whom the kid is bad. If the child seems to be rejected, the last he will draw himself. Sometimes at the children's drawing of the family, the baby depicts everyone immediately. He draws three heads, three torso, every hands, legs, eyes. In this case, this will mean that it does not distinguish anyone and everything is equal for him. But it is extremely rare.

Figure size

This parameter indicates the credibility of family members. Do not be confused with the previous paragraph. After all, the sequence means the child's feelings to family members, but the size indicates the effect of drawn figure. So, in the family, where even Mom is afraid of dad, the child will draw it more than anyone.

Children who bathe in love, care and have a significant impact on all family members, draw themselves the highest, sometimes even more parents. And vice versa, if the artist feels no one needed, he will depict his figure a little, barely noticeable. The same dimensions of the figures say that everything in the family is equal.

Often a children's drawing helps to identify and problems in parental relationships. For example, if Dad is constantly offended by mom, the child will draw a big and evil aggressor, and the sacrifice is small and offended. It is very important to pay attention to what place the child chooses himself. If it is the same size as Dad, it means that he agrees with his actions, and if as a mother means he regrets it.

Distance between Figures

In the interpretation of the "My Family" technique, an important part is given to the location of objects in the figure. If the child grows in a friendly atmosphere, everyone will be located on the same level and close to each other. The farther the child draws himself from anyone, the harder it has a relationship with this person. A lot of extraneous facilities between family members also talks about conflicts, misunderstanding, quarrels. There are barriers between these people in real life that interfere with normal relations.

Often such gaps in the picture are filled with various animals. An alarm signal, if any in your house do not live. Kitness and dogs are nothing but attention. If it is not enough, the child includes new members in "his family", which will certainly love him and play with him.

The child drew only himself

In the interpretation of the "My Family" technique, this case is considered rather difficult. A child who shares himself and his parents is actually very lonely. He does not feel like a family member. In this case, the baby can explain its absence. In the example above the girl said that parents are in the house. Sometimes children say that mom and dad at work or somewhere else. But all indicates that there is no durable emotional connection between the child and parents.

Sometimes such a drawing can be found in children - family idols. Such a situation is considered absolutely opposite. The child considers himself the most important in the family. All the rest for him is an empty place. In this case, many bright colors will prevail in the figure. Yes, and the figure of the artist will be joyful and happy.

Personal face and other parts of the body

In the picturesque tests, every detail is important. The way a child draws himself and parents is very important. To begin with, look, whether all the body has the family members and which size they are.

So, for example, the lack of ears says that this figure does not hear anyone except for himself or may not want to hear. In families, where there are constant quarrels and conflicts between parents, children often depict themselves without ears. Thus, they show that they do not want to hear it constantly. Big ears, on the contrary, indicate that this character listens to everyone and does not have his own opinion.

The mouth is a symbol of an attack. They express the entire spectrum of emotions, from anger to happiness. One who is painted with a big and terrible mouth, the child is very afraid. If the artist assigned to himself, it means that he has despotic deposits. Lack of mouth or point instead talks about closets.

The neck is responsible for controlling feelings. If the painted figure is not, it means that this person does not know how to manage his emotions in the concept of a child.

Hands in patterned tests symbolize the strength of character and interaction with other family members. If someone in the figure is not at all, it means that the child believes that this person cannot change the situation. The length of the hands and the detailed drawing of the brushes speaks about sociability. But short can be a symbol of weakness.

Feet are responsible for the position of a person in society. A large area of \u200b\u200bfoot support suggests that this figure is confident and strong personality. The legs-sticks hanging in the air are uncertainty in themselves and in their abilities.

Color spectrum

When conducting the test "My Family", the child is offered to use color pencils or markers. It is necessary to study in detail the palette of the feelings that is radiated by the child when he recalls close and relatives. Favorite relatives will paint bright and colorful colors. Conversely, people who cause him fear or other unpleasant feelings will "dressed" in black, brown and bright red colors. Often, children are trying to justify and say that the figure is drawn, because it is her favorite color. But in fact, the child is subconsciously considers completely differently.

Most often, the most beautiful children depict mothers. They are dressed in bright dresses, have incredible hairstyles. The unnatural hair color (blue, pink) also speaks of the love of the mother. The more the child is tied to one or another family member, the more color it will be depicted.

It happens on the contrary, the whole drawing is quite small, and only some item is highlighted in color. This is no accident. Pay attention to it. It is this detail at the moment most close to your child. In the family where the baby feels lonely, often bright colors go to cats, dogs or some items: swings, cars.

In the test "My Family" special attention should be paid to black color. The more it is in the picture, the depressively the child feels. If the beloved relative kid draws black, then there is a clear problem between them.

Types of education in drawings

The projective technique "My Family" allows you to accurately determine how the child is brought up in a family. In psychology, 5 main types are distinguished. Consider each of them and learn how to determine it with the picture of the figure "My Family" technique.

• Idol. If the child is in the family home, then he will start a drawing. Moreover, the figure will be right in the center of the sheet. Parents will also observe their idol from the side and admire it. Most likely, the child will be painted colorful and much more than all other family members.
• Gipopka. This type of education is expressed in the fact that the child is granted himself. Parents do not pay attention to him too much. The child grows like in the family, but on the other hand, he does not feel care and love. This type of education is a young artist can portray differently. Very often on a sheet of paper, he draws only himself. By performing the analysis of the "My Family" methodology and asking the child to give questions, you can get an answer that parents at work or went to visit. But in fact, these are the most ordinary versions. In the depths of the soul, the child does not perceive himself and parents as one family.

• Manifestations of jealousy, or "like Cinderella." This type of education is found in families where several children. Most often, one of them considers himself a cumier, and the other, on the contrary, is deprived of attention and care. Parents allocate his brother and sister, and he feels lonely and no one needs. In the picture, it all also manifests itself. Brother or sister will be drawn first. Near them parents. Most often their gaze is also facing the second child. The artist himself draws himself small and unspoic somewhere in the corner. If you have received the results of the "My Family" technique, you should definitely revise your family relationships. The child should feel important and necessary.
• Education "in the cult of the disease." Very often, parents are too afraid of their children. Such education leads to the fact that the child is only afraid, closes in himself. A drawing that will show this type of education, permeated with egocentrism. Little artist It will be in the center, and around him all family members who try to please him. Quite often in the drawing, adults hold such a child by arms or hugged very tightly. It symbolizes their hyperemp. Method "My Family" for younger students allows you to determine who exactly takes care too much about the baby. This person will be in the drawing towards him closest. In addition, both the figures of the child and the man who feces it will be very similar to each other (the same eyes, hands, lips, color of clothing). The more parents and the child are like in the picture, the more they take it.
• "Yellow Mittens". This type of education implies that someone from parents, and maybe both often punish and scold the child. Young artist Be sure to depict it in the picture. The aggressor will look evil, disheveled, painted into dark shades, with a big mouth. The "My Family" technique for preschoolers helps to understand the attitude of the child to this family member. If he draws it too tense, impressing a pencil, makes rude strokes, it means that he feels anger towards this person. If the kid is afraid of the aggressor, it will draw it with very thin curved lines.

Examples of the decryption of the pattern "My Family" test

Initially, it may seem to interpret the test results is very difficult. Lots of small details Just confused. In fact, adapting a little, you can easily decipher the drawing of your child.

Figure No. 1 from the side seems very positive. The first child painted himself, then Pope, elder for two years sister, as well as mom. Attention should be noted that the smallest in the figure is the artist himself. Mom, dad and sister - all almost one growth. Most likely, the baby best interacts with the dad, as I painted myself next. But with his mother and sister, his relationship is not easy. First, they are farther to him, and secondly, painted in bright and cold colors.

The second drawing drew a girl of 11 years. At first glance, it seems that the family is very friendly, because everyone holds hands. But in this case it shows that parents are too taking their children. In addition, the sister turned away from the artist, probably in their relationship not everything is so smooth, as it seems.

The third image clearly demonstrates the principle of education "Culmy". Here young artist Pictured very big and colorful. Parents on her background look quite unbelievable.

The fourth drawing clearly indicates family conflicts and troubles. Between mom and dad is a grandmother. Apparently, it is she who is the source of quarrels and conflicts (in any case, the artist thinks so). Little Grow Grandmothers indicate that the child does not consider it authority. Meanwhile, children are very friendly and know their place in the family.

On the last, fifth drawing can be seen friendly seven.where children imitate their parents. This is evidenced by the color of clothing. Dad's hands are much shorter and pressed to the body, which indicates that he is inactive, and, most likely, Mom is the main thing in the house.

Summing up, we can say that the purpose of the method of "My Family" is to identify problems and the general psycho-emotional state in a certain cell of society. It is very important that the child performs this task in a relaxed atmosphere. Before it should not be quarrels and conflicts. The test can be carried out many times. Suppose you revealed specific problems, tried to solve them. A month later, it is recommended to repeat the test. Thus, you can track the dynamics of changes in the family, the condition of the child, its experiences and problems.

Psychological drawing test "My family."

(Information is taken from the Internet. Most full descriptiontook from different sources. To help teachers are not psychologists and parents).

Picturesque test "My family" can be used for children from four to five years. The main purpose of the test is the diagnosis of intra-family relationships. In psychological practice, this test is one of the most informative.

Very often, parents atmosphere of family relations are assessed positively, while the child is perceived quite differently. In the "innocent" children's drawing, you can clearly see not only the psychological condition of the child, unconscious or hidden problems, but also its attitude towards each family member and the perception of the family as a whole. Having learned what kind of child sees the family and his parents, it is possible to effectively help him and try to correct the unfavorable climate in the family.

The task
Give a baby sheet of paper for drawing a4 format, simple pencil, eraser. Ask a child to draw a family, including himself, and also offer him - by his desire - add to the drawing and other details.

The instruction may be even easier if you just say: "Draw your family." This option gives greater freedomAnd the drawing itself almost always reflects family relationships, what are they in the perception of the child.

When the drawing is completed, it is necessary to ask the child to identify the drawn figures, and for ourselves to note the sequence with which the child painted them.

IMPORTANT!
Do not ask for a child to draw a family directly after the family quarrels; Control or suggest during drawing, as well as discuss with someone received the result with a child.

In addition to the order of the image of family members, it is important to see how much the child presses the pencil, drawing a member of the family, what is the ratio of the size of the drawing to the size of the sheet, and how long the child draws.

In the interpretation of the Family Fit, parents and teachers must also be considered age peculiarities Your child, the presence or absence of the visual skills.

Evaluation of Figure

Start the drawing estimate is best with test indicators.

Test indicators
(Psychomotor Tonus Indicators)

Press pencil

Weak Press - Low self-esteem, sometimes passivity; Asthenium, sometimes depressed.
Strong push - a high self-evaluation, sometimes impulsiveness, emotional tension.
Very strong push (pencil tear paper) - hyperactivity, aggressiveness.
Changeable pressure is an indicator of the child's emotional instability.

The value of lines and hatching

Wide strokes or strokes, image scale, lack of preliminary sketches and Dorivovok talk about confidence and decisiveness of the author's drawing.
An unstable, lubricated image containing many distinct intersecting lines indicates an increased excitability and hyperactivity of the child.
Lines not communicated to the end indicate impulsiveness, emotional instability.
The shading that comes out for the contours of the figure is the indicator of the emotional tension of the child.

Location pattern

The location of the pattern at the bottom of the sheet means low self-esteem. Accordingly, if the drawing is located at the top of the sheet, you can talk about overestimated self-esteem.

Interpretation of the picture

1. The minimum of the details performed in the figure indicates the closure of the child, and the excessive number of details indicates its hidden concern.
2. A family member, causing the greatest anxiety in the child, can be drawn either a very thick line, or drowning.
3. The size of the depicted relative, an animal or subject indicates its significance for the child. For example, a dog or a cat size more parents indicate that relations with parents are in second place. If dad is much less mom, the relationship with mom for the child is paramount.
4. If the child drew himself a little, unspoice, then he currently has a low self-esteem; If your own image is large, you can talk about the child's confidence in yourself and the making of the leader. A very small, helpless figure of a child, placed surrounded by parents, can express the need for care for him.
5. If someone from family members did not draw a child, it may mean a negative attitude towards this person and the complete lack of emotional contact with him.
6. The one whom the child drew the closer to his own image, is close to him. If it is a person, then he is depicted by the hands with a figure corresponding to the child's tested.
7. In the presentation of the child, the most smart man He has the biggest head.
8. Large extended eyes in the picture drawing - a sign of a request for help or anxiety about anything. The eyes-dots or slits, the child draws a person, in his opinion, independent and not asking for help.
9. A man drawn up without ears is a symbol of what he "does not hear" a child or anyone in the family at all.
10. A person with an open big mouth is perceived by a child as a source of threat. The mouth of the mouth is usually endowed by a person hiding his feelings and is not capable of influence others.
11. The greater the person's hands, the most powerful he is in the eyes of the child. The more fingers on their hands, the stronger and capable of a person for a child.
12. The legs drawn as if hung in the air who do not have supports belong to a person who, according to a child, has no independent support in life.
13. The absence of hands and feet in humans often indicates a reduced level. intellectual Development, and the absence of only legs - on low self-esteem.
14. The least significant character is usually placed on the side of everyone and has fuzzy outlines of the figure, sometimes erased by an eraser after the start of drawing.

Figure talks about the prosperous condition of the child

1. If the child gladly took to draw a family.
2. If the figures are depicted in a proportional ratio: the relative growth of parents and children is observed, respectively, their age.
3. If a child depicts all family members without exception.
4. If an easy or minimal hatching is used.
5. If all the figures are located on the same level, depicted by the hands (some variations in the same sense are possible).
6. If, when painting a picture, the child chooses bright, saturated tones.

Figure reflects the alarms in relationships

1. If the child refuses to draw, it is a sign that unpleasant memories are connected with family.
2. Excessively large proportions of parents are an indicator of their authoritarianism, the desire to command children.
3. If the child drew himself big, this is an indication that it is focused on herself, as well as a confrontation rate with his parents.
4. Extremely small image of a child testifies to his small importance in the family.
5. Drawing at the last stage, the child demonstrates its underestimated status among other family members.
6. If in the figure, the child painted all family members, except for himself, then this indicates a sense of own inferiority or a sense of lack of community in the family, a decrease in self-esteem, suppressing will to achievements.
7. If the child portrayed himself, we can talk about the egocentricity inherent in this child inherent in the conviction that all family members are obliged to think only about him, and he doesn't have to think about any of them.
8. A very small image of all family members is a sign of anxiety, depression, depression.
9. The image of all family members in cells is a sign of the alienation and lack of friendship, family community.
10. If the child depicts himself closed with his hands face, so he expresses unwillingness to be in the family.
11. Half-headed head (anonym from the back) of a child means that he is immersed in himself.
12. The image of a large mouth, lips in itself - a sign of hidden aggression.
13. If the child begins with images of the legs and feet, it can also be attributed to the signs of anxiety.
14. An alarm signal is the predominance in the drawing of dark tones: black, brown, gray, purple.

Availability of other details in the picture

The image of the sun or lighting devices is the lack of heat in the family.
An image of a carpet, TV and other household items indicates the preference to the child to them.
If a child draws a doll or a dog, it may mean that he is looking for communication with animals and toys due to lack of heat in the family.
Clouds, and especially clouds, may be a sign of negative emotions in a child.
Depicting a house instead of a family, a child shifts its unwillingness to be in the family.

Color in Figure

Very often, the child exhibits the desire to color the drawing. In this case, he should give a box of color pencils (at least 12 colors) and provide complete freedom. What do colors mean, and what can you tell the additionally painted drawing?

1. Bright, bright, saturated colors indicate the high life tone of the child and its optimism.
2. The predominance of gray and black flowers in the figure emphasizes the lack of cheerfulness and speaks of fears of the child.
3. If the child painted himself into some one color, and if this color is repeated in the image of another family member, it means that the child is experiencing a special sympathy.
4. Failure to use color pencils can mean low self-esteem and anxiety.
5. The preference of the red tones in the picture indicates the emotional tension of the child.

Analysis of the drawings to the test "My family"

Veronica, 19 years old

Veronica Isper prosperous familyBut the girl is somewhat closed, and it is concerned about the mother. Therefore, it was decided to test tested. At the request to portray your seven Veronica with desire and very diligently began to draw (Fig. 1). First she painted dad, then mom, after his younger sister, Cat and last of yourself. Thus, apparently, Veronica assesses himself as an unfamiliar family member. The family is friendly, as everyone is drawn by holding hands and on the same level. Hands in all family members are drawn, and this is also an important indicator of normal intra-family communication. True, Dad holds hands in his pockets, which speaks of his closed position in the family and some closure in communication. Everyone has a clear foot of the legs, which indicates the confidence of the position of all family members. In general, the drawing turned out to be positive and well reflecting the psychological climate of the family.

Fig. 1. From left to right: Cat, father, mother, sister, Veronica

Nikolai, 6 years old

Recently, Mama Nicholas is very disturbing the behavior of the Son, who stopped listening to her, often exhibits aggressiveness. In the figure (Fig. 2), the boy depicted all members of his family disparately, which means that the child does not feel mutual understanding and family heat. The lack of all family members of the ears only confirms this. Everyone lives and hears only himself, ignoring the opinions of others: the ears - the "body" of the perception of criticism and any opinion of another person about themselves.

Fig. 2. From left to right: Brother, Dad, Mom, Nikolay

But dad, with a big head, in glasses, he portrayed the largest, emphasizing his dominant role in the family. The head is the most important part of the body, and the most intelligent member of the family, according to the child, in the picture will certainly be endowed with the biggest head. Nicholas painted himself closer to her mother, but above her height, and this indicates confrontation of relations with her and the orientation of himself. The look attracts the fact that Nikolai depicted himself with a sharply exaggerated brush. Similar image of a hand brush speaks of a high need for communication and that this need is not satisfied. A two-year brother is drawn by the last and at a considerable distance from Nicholas. It is very likely that the appearance of the baby in the family changed the inner state of the boy. Often, the elder child in this case begins to feel loose attention to him, frightens, worries, worries, jealous. The clouds in the figure also reflect some disadvantage in the family and alarm of the boy.

Instructions for test

The child gives a simple middle-soft pencil and a standard clean sheet of paper A4 format. The use of any additional tools is excluded.

Instructions: "Draw, please, your family." Do not give any instructions or clarification. On the child arising from the child, such as "who need to draw, and who do not need?", "Do you need to draw everyone?", "Do you need to draw grandfather?" etc., it should be answered evasively, for example: "Draw the way you want."

While the child draws, you must unobtrusively monitor it, noting such moments as:

Filling order free space.

The procedure for the appearance of character characters.

The start time and end of work.

The emergence of difficulties in the image of a particular character or pattern elements (excessive concentration, pause, noticeable slowness, etc.).

The time spent on the execution of individual characters.

Emotional attitude of the child during an image of a character number of drawing.

At the end of the drawing, ask the child to sign or name all the pictures depicted characters.
After the drawing is completed, the second stage of the study occurs - conversation. The conversation must wear a lightweight, relaxed nature, without causing a child of resistance and alienation in a child. Here are the questions you should ask:

Whose family is depicted in the picture, is the family family, his friend or a fictional face?

Where is this family and what are the occupied members of the members now?

How does the child describe each of the characters, what role does everyone in the family take?

Who is the best in the family and why?

Who is the happiest and why?

Who is sad and why?

Who likes the biggest to the child and why?

As in this family, children are punished for bad behavior?

Who will leave one at home when we go for a walk?

Interpretation of test results

The resulting image, as a rule, reflects the attitude of the child to members of his family, what he sees them, and what role in the family configuration takes everyone.

1. Evaluation common Structure

What we see in the picture: Indeed, the family, whose members are depicted together, close or busy performing some common cause or it is simply a few isolated figures, in no way contact with each other. It should be borne in mind that something or another image of a family situation may be associated with the real position in the family, and may contradict him.

If, for example, family members depicts holding handsThis may correspond to the real situation in the family, and may be a reflection of the desired.

If two people are depicted close to each other, then perhaps this is the reflection of how the child perceives their relationship, but it does not respond true.

If some character is distinguished from other figures, It can talk about the "distance", which the child notices in life and highlights it.

Putting one of the family members above the rest, the child thereby gives him an exceptional status. This character, according to the child, has the greatest power in the family, even if he draws it the smallest compared to the size of the rest.

Below the rest of the child is inclined to putwhose influence in the family is minimal.

If the child is above all hurts his younger brother , in his opinion, he is the one who manages all the others.

2. Determination of the most attractive character

It can be revealed by the following signs:

it is depicted first and placed in the foreground;

it is higher and larger than the remaining characters;

made with greater love and thoroughness;

the rest of the characters are grouped around, turned in his direction, look at him.

A child can allocate one of the family members by depicting it in some special clothes, gives it some details and in the same way portrays his own figure, it is thus identified with this character.

The size of a particular family member Speaks about the meaning that this character has for a child. For example, if the grandmother is drawn larger than the father with his mother, then most likely the relationship with parents are worth the child in the second plan. On the contrary, the least significant character figure shows the smallest, Figures last and placed aside from the rest. With such a character, the child can do more categorically: crossed out several strokes or erase with rubber band.

Strong hatching or strong push pencil As a picture of this or that figure gives a feeling of anxiety that is experiencing a child in relation to this character. And on the contrary, it is this figure that can be depicted with a weak, thin line.

The preference of this or that parent is expressed in closer to whom the child painted themselvesWhat a facial expression is read in the figures of parents.

Distance between family members - One of the main factors reflecting the preferences of the child. The distances in the figure are a reflection of the psychological distance. Thus, the closest people are depicted in the figure closer to the child's figure. This also applies to other characters: those whom the child hurts in the figure nearby, is close, in his opinion, and in life.

3. Child about yourself

If a the child allocates his figure in the picture, draws itself more carefully, drawing all the details, depicting more brightly, so it rushes into the eyes, and the remaining figures make up just the background, then it expresses the importance of his own personality. He considers himself a major character around which life in the family rotates, most significant, unique. A similar feeling occurs on the basis of a parental attitude towards the child. In an effort to translate into the child, all that was not able to achieve themselves, to give him everything they were deprived, parents recognize his priority, the primaryness of his desires and interests and their auxiliary, secondary role.

Little, weak figurinedepicted surrounded by parents in which the child recognizes himself can express the feeling of helplessness and the requirement of care and care. This provision may be due to the fact that the child got used to the atmosphere of constant and excessive guardianship, which surrounds it in the family (often observed in families with a single child), so he feels weak and even abuse it, manipulating parents and constantly demanding from them Aid and attention.

Child can draw himself near parents, pushing the remaining family members. Thus, he emphasizes its exceptional status among other children.

If a child draws himself near Father and at the same time exaggerates dimensions own figure, it is likely that this indicates a strong sense of rivalry and the desire of the child to take the same durable and authoritative place in the family, like the Father.

4. Additional characters

Drawing a family, a child can add people unrelated to a family circle, or animals. Such behavior is interpreted as an attempt to fill the emptiness, refund the shortage of loved ones, warm relations, compensate for the insufficiency of emotional connections, etc. So, for example, the boy, being the only child in the family, can include in his drawing cousins \u200b\u200bor brothers, the most distant relatives and different animals - cats, dogs and others, thereby expressing the lack of close communication with other children and the need to have a permanent satellite in Games with which you could communicate on equal.

The figure may also be present fictional characterswhich also symbolize the unsatisfied needs of the child. Without having received their satisfaction in real life, the child satisfies these needs in his fantasy, in imaginary relationships. In this case, you should ask the child to tell more about this character. In his answers you will find what he lacks in reality.

The child can portray close to one of the family members. pet, actually missing. It can talk about the need of a child in love he would like to get from this person.

5. Parentarian Para

Usually parents are depicted togetherThe father is higher and larger to the left, the mother is lower to the right, followed by other figures in order of importance. As already noted, it should be borne in mind that the figure does not always reflect reality, sometimes it is only a reflection of the desired one. A child who is brought up by one of the parents can nevertheless depict them both, thereby expressing his desire that their union is recovered.

If child draws one parentWith which he lives, it means the adoption of a really existing situation to which the child is more or less adapted.

One parents can be in the picture in an isolated position. If a the figure of the parent of one with a child of the floor is depicted away from the restThis can be interpreted as a child's desire to be with the parent of the opposite sex. The jealousy caused by the Oedipal Complex is quite normal for a child to achieve sex ripening (on average 12 years).

The case when the figure of the child and the opposite paragraph is removed from each othermay seem to be considered as a minor violation of the natural order of relationships with the parent of another sex.

If in Figure parents contact with each other, for example, hold hands, then, in the life between them there is a close psychological contact. If there is no contact in the drawing, then it is most likely not in reality.

Sometimes a child, ignoring the real situation, depicts one of the parents of unnaturally large size, Often it concerns the maternal figure. This suggests that in his eyes, this parent is perceived as an overwhelming figure, perfectioning any manifestation of independence and initiatives. If the child has an image of one of the parents as a dominant, overwhelming, hostile, frightening person, then he is inclined to give it a big size in comparison with the figures of other family members without taking into account their real physical sizes. Such a figure can be depicted with big hands, demonstrating its own power, dictatorial attitude.

The opposite way the parent, whom the child does not take seriously, ignores, does not respect, is depicted small in size, with small hands or without them.

6. Identification

In the picture of the family, there is also such an indicative factor as identification. The child easily identifies himself with a particular character of his drawing. He can identify himself with his father, mother, sibling.

Identification with the parent of its sex Corresponds to the normal position of things. She reflects his desire to have preferred relationships with the parent of the opposite sex.

Identification with senior sibling, regardless of gender, is also a normal phenomenon, especially if there is a tangible difference in age.

Sometimes a child can identify yourself and with additional characters not included in the family. What is the identification? The figure with which the child identifies itself is depicted by the most attractive, finished; She is given more time. In addition, there is plenty of information about this usually give the results of the conversation. In a conversation, on which most opposite things should be reed, completely opposite. It turns out that the child can identify himself with the most unmarried character in the figure, which has fuzzy outlines, is placed aside from all other, etc. Such a case suggests that the child is experiencing great difficulties and tensions in relationships with family and himself.

7. Refusal to an image of a family member

If a the child draws himself away from the rest of the family, it is likely that he experiences loneliness and isolation.

If the child is generally absent in the drawingthen we can talk about the same, but in a much stronger manifestation. Such experiences like a sense of inferiority or a sense of the lack of community, alienation, also make the child exclude themselves from the drawing of the family. Such examples can often be observed in family drawings made by receiving children. Parental discontent, excessive criticality, comparisons with brothers or sisters in the light unprofitable for him contribute to the formation of understated self-esteem and suppress motivation in the child to achievements. In a softer form, it appears when the child draws itself to the last.

Frequent phenomenon in children's drawings - failure to draw junior sibling. Explanations, such as "brother I forgot to draw" or "for the younger brother, there was not enough space" should not be misleading you. There is nothing casual in the drawing of the family. Everything has its meaning, expresses certain feelings and experiences of the child in relation to his loved ones.

The situation is quite common when the child is older jealous of parents to younger childSince it gets most of the love and attention of parents. Since in reality, he restrains the manifestation of a feeling of discontent and aggression, in the picture of the family, these feelings find their way out. Junior sibling is simply not portrayed in the figure. Discarding his existence, the child removes the existing problem.

There may be another reaction: the child can be portrayed in the picture of the younger sibling, but eliminate itself from the family of family Thus, identifying himself with an opponent who uses the attention and love of parents. The absence in the figure of adults may indicate a negative attitude of the child to this person, the absence of any emotional connection with it.

Test "My Family"

In children, their ideas about the family, their own theory about the "cell of society". Want to know that your child thinks about relationships with the closest relatives? Give him album leaf, color pencils, enough time and ask: "Draw our family."

◈ It is desirable that you are not near when the kid performs the task. It should be free and liberated, it should not have installations: draw as best as possible to like it.

◈ Let it be entertainment for the baby, and for you - the material for the study.

◈ If a child has a bad mood, he witnessed family conflict On the eve, postpone the test for a more appropriate moment.

◈ If the child sets questions like: "How to draw?", "What to draw?" Or "where to start?", It suggests that, in fact, he does not know what it is - "family." These are pebbles in your garden. It is necessary to find out and eliminate the causes of such ignorance. Of course, this is a job for the whole family.

◈ Be sure to discuss the finished drawing with the baby, even if you are "everything and so understandable." It is important to speak out loud, clarify some moments, the baby will help you in this and willingly share their reflections. Ask questions: "And who is it? And who is next? And how many fingers do he have? "

Decoding test

1. Is everything in place?Before proceeding with the interpretation of the test, you should know that nothing superfluous and random in the children's drawing does not happen. Everything important, everything carries its meaning and has an emotional color (push pencil and color including). If the child did not include someone from family members, he did not just "forgot." He displaces this person at the subconscious level. How deep and what are the reasons? Perhaps these relationships can be corrected independently, and may need a specialist help. If the child forgot to portray himself in the figure, it is indicated at least two reasons: "I don't need anyone here" or "I feel good without this company."

2. Image size. A simple law works here: the more drawn the character, the fact it is for a child. If a brother or sister turned out to be giants, and a mother with dad - Liliputi, admit that parents for the baby are currently playing a minor role.

3. strangers among their. It happens that children are drawing fictional characters or even equipment. In their presentation, they are full family members. It can be ridiculous, neighbors, animals (real and non-existent), fabulous characters, cars. The presence of such characters suggests that the child lacks communication, understanding, emotional intimacy in the family, and he is looking for it outside the house.

4. Above lower. Please note how the characters are located in the picture. The higher the image, the greater the power. Accordingly, the lower the image on the sheet, the smaller his rights and powers. You have the opportunity to find out who rules the ball in your family (if you still do not know about it ©).

5. Distance between characters. This is an important detail in a children's drawing, which indicates a psychological distance between the child and different family members. The close position of the characters to each other or their touch talks about mutual understanding between relatives.

6. What am I? If the baby draws himself a little, in the corner of the picture, it speaks of its low self-esteem. If he painted himself with a giant, occupying most of the space, he has a good opinion about himself, loved. In principle, in children before school age Self-esteem is often overestimated: they are "princes and princesses." Over time, when children's egocentrism is dissolved, this fall of "chosenness" in most children will erase.

7. Pets.If your child drew your four-legged family member next to me, do not be offended: this is the most native "man" and the most close friend. After all, he does not require anything, does not make his hands wash before dinner, folding toys, does not scold for dirty pants, etc. He doesn't need anything, he simply waves his tail from joy and gives her animal, but such disinterested love. Too much emotional attachment to the pet can say that the child does not receive enough attention from people.

8. Alarm button. The character who is drawn with a big pressure coming several times, shaded, causes the greatest alarm from the "artist". Anxiety can provoke anyone in the family. Often adults (especially the older generation) unconsciously establish their programs and taboos, and for a child they can carry negative information and fear. Anxiety can also be expressed by the inconsimated movements of the pencil, weak lines and strokes.

9. Head and eyes. The most tall member of your family is the smartest. Pay special attention to the human soul mirror - eyes. In psychology, this part of the person reflects our emotional state, this is a source of tears, seafood or joy. If the eyes are huge, is a cry of help, high anxiety, need for caressing and support. If they, on the contrary, small (in the form of points or alkaline), you can read the ban on the expression of emotions, restraint, the fear of being revealed, weakness, uncertainty, depression.

10. Ears. Huge ears They talk about the desire to listen to someone else's opinion. The one who has the biggest ears, the most flexible and humble. For him, the "public opinion", criticism of others, praise or censure. If the child painted himself with big ears, it can reflect the quality of the audio: he perceives the world with the help of hearing, and this is his leading information channel. In addition, big ears can talk about alertness, anxiety: baby, like radar, all the time catches suspicious information about himself and the world.

11. Rot. Pay attention to the mouth size. If it is big, open, shaded, is a source of scream, offended, dissatisfaction, aggression, and pronounced. By and large, it is even good: it is better to express and flash your feelings than to save and restrain them. If the mouth is drawn in the form of a small dash, there is no point or generally, it means that the character has a taboo on the expression of their emotions, first of all, negative. Such a person is afraid of expressing his own opinion, relies on the will of others, he is better to fulfill the order than to take the initiative into his hands. The presence of teeth suggests that the character is protected by attacking.

12. Neck. This part of the body is a link between mind and feelings. In a Japanese spiritual tradition, for example, there is a concept of "Cocoro" - a place where the mind and heart are found, their harmonious merger. Perhaps the neck is this place. If it is drawn, it means that the character has common sense, a rational mind, will over feelings. No neck - sign of uncontrolled emotional manifestations.

13. Hands. These are our guards in the world of relationships, accomplishments, goals, aspirations. We "tackle" our capabilities, with their help we implement our abilities and talents. Pay attention to the presence and number of fingers on your hands. If they are, it says about confidence in their abilities, the ability to maximize themselves in the world. The fingers of the left hand reflect the connection in the circle of the family, the fingers right - beyond. Big hands talk about the latitude of views, courage and power.

14. Feet. This is our support, confidence, strength, hardness. Strong legs with big feet say that the character is well grounded and feels powerful support for a kind. Thin, the legs in the air indicate a conclusion from the world, the fear of unknown, insecurity. In addition, legs symbolize the opening of new expanses, the possibility of movement in life, changes and transformation in human mental space ..

1. Analysis of the structure of the drawing

The drawn family of the family corresponds to the real - the child is properly formed the concept of "my family".

If the child did not draw someone or painted very far from himself - conflict with this person, alienation, dissatisfaction with him.

Drew other children or adults who do not live with a child - a child lacks communication with these people.

Drew animals - there is a baby's rejection in the family and a lack of communication with people.

If in the picture there is no child himself - a bad attitude towards a child from the family side.

Drew only myself - there is no sense of community (do not go anywhere together, each separately). If there is also a lot of details - egocentrism.

2. Location of family members

All family members are connected by their hands, took up their hands - psychological well-being.

If the real overall activity is combined - the family cohesion rate.

Busy investigative activity - psychological disadvantage (rarely, we are together).

Family members at a large distance from a child - alienation, fear, negative relationship.

Grouping for interests (parents are busy with one thing, the child is different) - disunity (parents have their own problems, the child is their own, "no sue nose is not in their own business").

Who did the child painted next to him - that emotionally closer to the child.

The child first draws the most significant person for himself, in the latter - less significant.

Dad is drawn separately, but is carefully drawn - often absent.

If around the family, the frame (all in the building) is an isolation from the outside world.

Careless image of all family members, separation by their partitions, the image of people from the back or twisted from each other - a violation of emotional contacts.

3. Analysis of the features of drawn figures

Drawd all parts of the body - the norm. Mom without mouth - "Do not shout", there is no eye - "I don't want a permanent supervision", dad without hands - "Do not beat me," did not paint face - "You are not sympathetic to me."

Skipping parts on the head or face - hostility, fear, secretive distrust of this person. Hands are drawn - very good intrasday relationships, there are no hands with hands - there is no meaningful communication with the surrounding people.

Huge ears - praise me.

Decorating (details of clothing, outfits are carefully drawn) with who the child loves more.

If the child himself draws up thoroughly - a high need for attention, demonstrativeness, a tendency to hysterics.

Sketchy image of people - the absence of a child of emotionality.

The magnitude of the figures is the main member of the family - the largest, but not necessarily the most beloved.

If the child is drawn the largest - egocentrism. A big parent and a very small child - the parent is very strict, the child is not confident. If all one growth is all in the family partners.

Hands up - hostility towards others.

The child is drawn without hands - a sense of powerlessness, and frost.

Each family member is drawn equally - all lawlessly, stand up.

Different faces in family members are individuality.

If a child draws himself like mom or dad - wants to be on her or it looks like him.

The colors used are light, juicy tones - joy, loves this person.

Black, gray, brown - unfavorable attitude towards this man.

4. Analysis of the drawing process

Drew itself last time - low self-esteem.

Much erase erase - a sign of anxiety, discontent with this person.

Small dimensions of drawing, hatching - adverse physical condition,
stress, stiffness.

Big sizes, bright colors - good arrangement of the spirit, discharge, lack
tension and fatigue.

"Family drawing" is one of the most popular techniques used in the practical work of the school psychologist. Its extraordinary popularity is probably due to convenience and speed in use, accessibility for children since the younger preschool age, high informative and diverse possibilities for re-testing, removal of voltage at the test in a survey situation, as well as obtaining a rich material for conversation with parents.
For figurative expression G.T. Homentauskas, this technique allows you to "look at the world through the eyes of a child," gives an idea of \u200b\u200ba subjective assessment by the child of his family, its place in it, about its attitude with other family members. The technique is based on the natural activities of children from five to ten years - drawing, which contributes to the establishment of a good emotional contact of a psychologist with a child. In drawings, children can express the fact that it is difficult for them to express words. The figure of the picture more openly transmits the meaning of the depicted.
This technique is aimed at identifying emotional problems and difficulties in family relationships. This "highly informative tool for the knowledge of the child, reflecting how the child perceives himself and other family members, what feelings he is experiencing in the family" ( Homentauskas G.T.. Using children's drawing For the study of intrameal relationships). In the same place: "Features of the graphic presentations of family members express the child's feelings towards them, how the child perceives them, what the characteristics of family members for him are the most significant, which are alarming."
Among the researchers there is no consensus about who and when the first suggested using a family drawing in psychodiagnostic purposes. Some are called V. Hugles (1951) and M. Reznikova (1956), others - V. Wulf (1947) and K. Appel (1931).
The development of the technique went in two directions: change the instructions for the task (P. Greger, L. Korman) and expanding the range of interpretable pattern parameters (V. Hugles, L. Kormman). "Family's drawing" used many domestic researchers and practices: A.I. Zakharov, E.T. Sokolova, V.S. Mukhina, V.K. Losev, A.S. Spivakovskaya and others. The most complete procedure for conducting the test and interpretation of the figure is described in the works of G.T. Homentauskas.
There are many modifications of the use of test and processing results. The child is asked or "drawing their family" (V. Hugles, J. Dealeo), or "Draw a family" (E. Hammer), or "Draw all members of your family, busy" ("Kinetic Family Family" - R . Burns, S. Kaufman), etc.
Some options provide for a conversation after drawing certain issues And on the content of the picture (L. Korman). The technique can be complemented by other tasks (for example, draw a family in four rooms - in the modification of A. Zakharov), it can be carried out both separately with the child and with all family members (C. Wirn and K. Russell). In the last version, it is possible to compare the points of view of the father, mother and children for family relationships.
It should be noted that the initial method of the Family Drawing, as many projective methods, was developed in clinical psychology and psychotherapy. The researchers tried to establish the features of the drawings created by the patients, were built not only by high-quality, but also quantitative interpretation schemes. For example, R.F. White During the analysis of the "kinetic picture of the family", five symptom complexes: a favorable family situation, anxiety, conflict in the family, a sense of inferiority, hostility in the family situation, for which the number of points is calculated.
"Family drawing" is also a favorite agent of psychologists of researchers. So, this technique was used to study the family portrait (V.N. Druzhinin).
There are many different interpretation systems of the test results "Family Drawing". Domestic psychologists most often enjoy the schemes that are proposed by V.K. Loseva and T. Homentauskas.
So, T. Homentauskas considers it necessary to analyze the drawing of the family in three levels. At the first level, the generalized structure of the drawing is distinguished and interpreted. The second presents the interpretation of the graphic images of individual family members. The third involves the analysis of the drawing process.
In the interpretation of the test, a lot of separate more or less significant features are used. VC. Loseva leads 33 drawing interpretation rules. It also draws attention to the drawing process, on the signatures that the child makes next to the characters. Unlike many authors, V.K. Losev notes that the image of a plurality of things is not talking about poor emotional life in the family, but on the direction of these emotions to the world of objects, about the need for stability and constancy of emotions.
In our work, we used the "kinetic family drawing" option. We consider following R. Burns and S. Kaufman that this version of the technique gives more significant information about the interactions of family members than static drawings. In practice, we made sure that when drawing a static family drawing, children most often draw standing nearby Figures ("Portrait", "Photo" of the family). It does not reflect the features of communications. Therefore, we asked the subjects to draw all members of their families, including themselves, employed by any matter.
The paper used a standard sheet of white paper (A4), a simple pencil and color pencils.
All children, listening to the instructions, immediately accepted for work. At the end of the drawing, we found out who the child was drawn, what the drawn people do, as well as where they are.
We faced the task: to find the characteristic features of the drawing showing the availability of competitive relations between Sibling. As known, a huge impact Parents are provided on the relationship between children in the family. So we consider drawing the whole family more
justified than if children had painted only their brothers and sisters. A complete family picture gives more information about interpersonal relationships in the family. The child needs to present the whole range of family relationships and find a place in it for themselves, to express their perception of close relatives.
Analyzing interpretation schemes V.K. Loseva, T. Homentauskas, R. Burns and S. Kaufman, J. Oster and P. Goudda, we allocated the following signs of competitive relations of Siblinov:

Lack in the figure of the author or sibling;
- presence in the figure of only the author or sibling;
- features of the size of the auto and sibling figures;
- features of the location on the list of figures of the author and sibling;
- the mutual location of the figures of the author and sibling;
- distinctive features in drawing figures of the author and sibling;
- Special signs of competition.

Consider them in more detail.

No in the picture of the author or sibling

As is known, the incomplete composition of the family in the picture is observed in cases where the author is dissatisfied with the family situation. Those members of the family who are least emotionally attractive, or those with whom there are conflict relationships. On the question why they are not in the picture, the child can give a defensive answer: "There was not enough space," I'm afraid that it will be bad ", etc.
Sibling in the picture may be absent for various reasons. First, the author may experience unconscious negative feelings to him, which he cannot or does not want to openly show (for example, strong jealousy). I pass the figure of a brother or sister, denying his presence, the child is trying to exclude rivalry. Secondly, the skipping of the sibling figure can be observed in cases where there is no emotional contact between children. The second case, naturally, will not be considered as a sign of competition.
The reason for the absence of the author in the figure may be the difficulties of self-expression when communicating with loved ones, the lack of a sense of community with the family: "They do not notice me here," I find it difficult to find my place. " Such conflict pessimistic moods cannot be considered a sign of competition.
The author can skip himself and in protest, believing that he was forgotten: "Everything is already distributed in this structure, it worries me a little, I don't have a place here" or "I don't strive to find my place or a way of expression here." In this case, we can talk about rivalry.
The absence in the figure of all children was not observed in our practice.

Presence in the figure of the author or sibling

Sometimes in response to a psychologist's request to draw his family, a child draws only sibling. So the author emphasizes his importance in his life. Moreover, if the figure is small, drawn in gray and black colors, we can talk about the competitive negative relationship of children. If the figure is large, carefully drawn, with large quantity Small details and additions, then this is the most important and most beloved person for the author, one who understands him and does with him.
In some cases, children draw only themselves in fantastic outfits, with flowers, large size. This may indicate the presence of egocentricity and, possibly, exteroid character traits. The author, emphasizing his individuality, forgets about others. Such drawings are observed in children brought up by the type "Middle of the Family".
The only figure in the figure figure may be, on the contrary, a small, negatively painted, on a dark background. So the author emphasizes its rejection, abandoned. Such a mood happens at firstborn at first after the birth of the younger Sibling, when parents pay attention only to the newborn, forgetting about the older child.

The size of the figures of the author and sibling

If the author paints all members of his family (first of all, we paid attention to the presence of parents and both children), then when analyzing the figure, the dimensions of the drawn figures are compared. They can be adequately distributed by growth, but distortion may be present. So, if children and adults are about one size or figure of the author above the rest, it is interpreted as a sign of competition for parental love with another parent or brother-sister. The big growth of the author together with a thorough detail emphasizes its meaningful position in the family.
If the author's figure is less than the rest, which does not correspond to reality, then it is most likely suffering from his insignificance for parents.
A small figure of the author together with a large, well-drawn sibling figure may emphasize the privileged position of the latter compared to the author. Sibling can be higher than all or only above the author (often the pedestal is specifically invented). Thus, the inadequate size of the figures of children speaks about the presence of competition between them.

Location of figures on the sheet

On the sheet plane, family members are rarely located on the same line. Most often, someone turns out to be higher, and someone below the rest. It is believed that in this way, children show their opinion about the power in the family: the greater the power and the influence of a particular family member, the higher his figure. This rule does not depend on the previous one, since the small figure can be in the figure above all (for example, according to the child, the newborn manages the whole family). The power in the family can belong to someone from adults, but competition still exists if someone from the children is much lower than the other.
In cases of linear location, the most significant character is located in the very first (left). A.I. Zakharov notes that normally the children are most often drawn in the first place of the father, on the second (left to right) - mother, on the third - himself.
In neurons, boys the picture remains unchanged, and the girls are more likely to put a mother in the first place, emphasizing her dominant position.
If the sibling is located second, this indicates that the author is jealous of his parents.
The presence in the figure of all family members engaged in common activities or make their business next to each other (at close range), as well as standing close to each other, holding hands or drawing hands to each other, speaks of cohesion, emotional well-being in the family, The inclusion of the child in this situation.
According to V.K. Loseva, T. Homentauskas and others, linear distance between the figures (not only by people, but also things) is a distance of psychological. We are talking On a perceptual linear distance on the plane.
In conflicts, there is a fragmentation of space or a violation of the integrity of the image of family members: the figures of parents are separated by a large gap or one more figure. Due to the disunity in the family of family members, they are less oriented towards joint actions. In addition, the figures of family members, including the child, are more static and tense.
If the cibbles are close to each other, it means that the author persistently perceives his brother or sister; And if they are holding hands, it means that there is a close psychological contact between them. If they cost far from each other and / or separated by other characters or objects, it can be assumed that there are conflict relations between them. At the same time, the proximity to the parents of one of the children and the distance from them is emphasized by the exceptional status of any of the children and is a sign of competition between them.
The existence of the author of jealousy to parents is assumed if the sibling is drawn between parents or close to them. The same conclusion can be done if, with a linear location of all family members, the author draws himself to the right of brother or sisters away from his parents.

Distinctive features in drawing the figures of the author and sibling

Negative attitude towards himself or to Cibling, a child can express through a non-discharged or incomplete (for example, without any parts of the body) an image. Thus, the author can carefully portray himself, in beautiful clothes, to draw his figure to the details, return to it in the process of drawing, to correct and supplement it, and the siblings draw just a few strokes, in slurry clothes. This serves as a sign of competition between Sibling. You can talk about this if the author is dressed up with sibling in festive, catchy, fantastic outfits, and in its figure does not stop for a long time.
With the help of hatching, pressure, dark tones show the presence of a conflict. Interpreters in this case pay attention to the fact that it is especially allocated, trying to identify the functions of that part of the body that the author rejects. By how or in what style, the child draws himself (as far as he reminds other characters), you can install with whom he identifies itself, whether it corresponds to it. The total color gamut with one of the adults or children in the figure, in particular the same color of the body, indicates a greater probability of identifying with it on the basis of gender.

Special signs of competition in the picture

On competition can speak the image of the sibling between the sun or another source of light and the author. Sources of light symbolize heat, protection, so the figure that interferes with the author to use this is considered as an obstacle to fully the protection and guardianship.
In rare cases, children directly depict quarrels, fighting, fighting, competitions with brothers and sisters.
The direct symbol of competition is the isolation of the sibling from the other family members, the conclusion of it into a closed space (bed, stroller), the image of the objects dangerous for his life, dimming the area near the sibl. Recent signs can be considered not only as competition, but also as an expression of anger, aggression towards him.
It happens that both children are graphically separated. Often, the relationship here is ambivalent. On the one hand, according to the author's plan, they act as a single group, and on the other hand, there is tension and rivalry between them.
A.I. Zakharov notes that with a well-known share of caution, we can assume that the predominance of gray and black flowers in the figure emphasizes the lack of cheerfulness, reduced tone of the mood, a large number of fears that the child cannot cope with. The dominance of bright, light, saturated colors indicates the high vital tone of the author and its optimism.
Wide smears, image scale, lack of preliminary sketches and subsequent, changing the original drawing of Dorivovok, speaks of confidence and determination.
Increased excitability, hyperactivity expressed in the instability of the image, its lubrication, or in a large number of distinct, intersecting lines.

Five signs

So, in the special literature seven signs of competition of brothers and sisters stand out. We compared this data with our results experimental research. Family drawings were treated with the above-mentioned criteria, the results of the Methodology of the "Fairy Tale" (see School psychologist, No. 25, 2001) were also taken into account.
We received five common signs of competition between Sibling:

Different sizes of children figures;
- the location of the figures of children is not on the same line;
- isolation of one or both shapes of children;
- highlighting the figures of the author or sibling with hatching, dark tones, intermittent line;
- separation of the figures of children with various objects, people or space.

Consider specifically each of them.

Different size of children's figures

Not registered in the absence of a figure of one of the cibbles. The difference in height in the figure is most often determined without any special difficulty. If one child is drawn standing, and the other sitting or not in full height, then the drawn linear size is considered. With difficulty, it is difficult to define the differences in size, this feature is not counted. Note that the real growth of children in this case does not affect the interpretation (Fig. 1).

The location of the figures of children is not on the same line

Not registered in the absence of a figure of one of the cibbles. Children can be in both part of the sheet (top or bottom) and in different. In the latter version, this feature is always counted. When the figures are arranged in a series, the sign is counted if the difference is visible to the naked eye (Fig. 2).

Isolation of one or both shapes of children

This is a very characteristic sign, underlining conflict relations between children. It is registered in all versions, regardless of whether all children are drawn, isolated one of them or both. In some cases, the child simply encourages himself or brother / sister closed line. In others, the "sits on the sofa" or "stacked on the bed." Third, it limits the space with the help of a chair, a table, staircases, etc. In the fourth, it draws only a crib, a stroller or a high chair, followed by a person. This feature is rarely found in static family drawings, but in kinetic - it is especially clear (Fig. 3).

Selection of sibling figures or author with hatching, dark tones

This feature can be selected when mapping the style of drawing of all shapes in the figure. If they are all drawn in one style, the sign is not counted.

Hatching, dark tones, as well as an intermittent line, strong push, erasing are, according to R.F. Belyauskaite, manifestation of anxiety symptom complex. And this is consistent with the opinion of other authors: such characteristics of the sibling pattern show that it causes the author an alarming feelings that certainly accompany the competition, the jealousy of children. In the future, it seems, a clearer formulation of this feature will be obtained. At this stage, you can only say that most often in the drawings it is the hatching and dark tones (Fig. 3).

Separation of the figures of children with various objects, people or space

These signs of the drawing just as isolation indicate conflict relations between Sibling. Unlike isolation, the figures are divided not just a line, but specific objects: a table, a wardrobe, board or people. Moreover, it may be subject to achieving the size of the person's drawn figure, and less it (ball, basket, etc.) (Fig. 4). In some cases, the figures of Siblinigov are separated by a relatively large space, which is also an indicative characteristic of relations.

Consider on the example

Of course, when analyzing the drawings, it is necessary to keep in mind that these features should reflect the relationship between Siblingov, as they can be allocated and conflict in a family or adverse relationship with someone from adult family members.
As an example, we will comment on the drawing of the girl L. family, seven years having a sister of 1.5 years (Fig. 5).

In this case, the figures of Sibling have a different size; Located not on the same line; not isolated; The figure of the author is highlighted with a brighter color, and the figure of sibling - hatching; Figures of children are separated by the board.
The presence in the figure of both children speaks of the existence between them of certain relationships. A large bright figure of the author together with a small figure of sibling testifies to the competition elder daughter With the youngest for parental love.
The most significant and authority for the author are the mother and sister, however, according to L., the younger sister has a greater power in the family.
The existence of jealousy is emphasized by the department of the younger girl with the help of the board from the rest.
The sister causes anxiety from the author - this is what sister's hair is drawn, and the painted eyes testify about the interest and special attention of the author to her.
The presence in the figure of these four signs indicates the presence of a clear competition of Siblingov in this family.

Nonpic signs

It should be noted that in our practice there were also other signs of competitive relations between Sibling. These signs are present in isolated cases, however, they are so bright that they cannot be noticed.
About the competitive-rejecting relationships of Siblinigov they say twisted pieces of children. They can be drawn to the profile, looking at different directions, or one figure - anfas, and the other in the profile. This sign occurs more often in children of younger school and adolescence. According to our data, it is in this age group (especially in girls) a strengthening of conflict relations with brothers and sisters is observed (Fig. 6).

When determining the level of competition, these signs are taken into account in the aggregate with the main.

Some principles

Despite the advantages of the method of "Family Drawing", its use requires practical experience in applying and critical reflection of the interpretation of the drawings. No need to forget that the data of the projective technique needs to be verified and confirmed by other methods. Therefore, it is useful to remember some principles of application of drawing in the psychological diagnosis proposed by J. Shvanzara.

1. For preschool children and for part of children of younger school age, drawing is a game; The atmosphere of gaming activity should flow and their drawing within the test.

2. It is necessary to use a single paper format of the same graininess and the same drawing material, for example, always 2M pencil, color pencils of identical shades, etc.

3. Record all important circumstances: date, time, lighting, degree of adaptation, verbal support, expression of the degree of affection, holding a pencil, turning a drawing plane, etc. In the individual diagnostics should first of all proceed from the drawings, the process of creating the creation of which was possible watch.

4. A psychologist working in the field of diagnosis should be able to classify the drawing from the point of view of the level of development of the child and from the point of view of unusual signs.

5. Figure should be considered as a result of activities that may (but should not) be a field of projection of intensive experiences.

6. Errors in psychological diagnostics are more often caused by the exaggeration of the projective significance of the drawing than the disadvantages of the interpretation scheme.

7. Figure should never be used as the only starting point for projective interpretation. It must be compared with the results of further tests, with a conversation with parents, etc.

8. Drawing can appear indicator creative abilities, as well as pathological processes (functional and organic).

The most productive this technique can be applied in cases where it is only necessary to understand the "image of the surrounding world" of the child, to build a hypothesis, which will then be checked and changed.
Especially significant results of the application of the family drawing when working with preschoolers and younger students, many researchers are considered, for example
K. Bart, L. and Y. Shvanzara. At this age, using graphic signs, the child transmits more information than through speech.

LITERATURE

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