Art makes up for the shortcomings of nature's problem. Essay on the topic "Art makes up for the deficiencies of nature."

The technique of airbrushing is quite complicated and involves the use of additional materials. In this section, we will tell you about those that are needed to make illustrations with an airbrush.

Just like any other painting technique, airbrushing allows you to get images on the surface of the base. However, its peculiarity is that

Eight Secrets in Drawing

Eight Secrets That Will Let You
learn to draw masterfully

1. Correct construction of objects in space

This skill is the foundation for any professional artist. It will create a sense of volumetric space in your painting, which is very important. Already he alone will greatly improve your paintings.

2. Correct stroking

With the help of strokes, a background is created for the future volume of forms and objects - this is the main basis. When you learn how to apply them correctly, everything you paint will become more saturated and clear.

3. Tone stretching with a pencil

Another secret of the masters. When you learn how to do tone stretching with a pencil from simple to complex, to gain tone with pencils of different softness, you yourself will be surprised how much more realistic your drawings will become.

4. The art of drawing volumetric figures

Another skill that separates people who draw great from newbies to drawing. This is the ability to give volume to objects that differ in shape, work with light and reflex, with one's own shadow and penumbra. These skills will make your work much better.

5. Ability to work with your own shadow on figures to add volume

It is also important to be able to if you want to masterfully depict volumetric objects and create realistic paintings.

6. Effective construction of falling shadows

The type and shape of the falling shadows depends not only on the figure, whipping it casts, but also on the location of the light source. Having mastered this skill, you will be able to draw falling shadows of various geometric shapes, but also apply this knowledge to objects of various shapes.

7. Ability to distinguish objects by tone

Thanks to this, you will not only be able to show the difference between objects and shapes, but also indicate the compositional center, which is very important for building a composition.

8. Skill of adherence to composition

But this is the most important knowledge that will "revive" your picture and fill it with meaning, make the viewer think about what mood you had at the moment of creating the picture, what exactly you wanted to tell the viewer. Knowing the composition will allow you to “say” with the help of your painting what you cannot say with words ...

... and many other skills and secrets that the world's best artists possess.

How to quickly master the essential skills of professional artists?

You can of course enroll in an art school. However, this is possible if you have a lot of free time. Unfortunately, not everyone can spend several hours a day getting to school and back.

In addition, you can start learning on your own - from books. But this is a very slow and difficult path, and without a professional mentor, you will study for a very long time, making many mistakes.

The easiest way is to study the video course at home. In just 46 days, you can learn how to draw gorgeous drawings at home!

HOW TO LEARN TO DRAW

A detailed guide to help you become an artist

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Learning to paint portraits in oil

Write A Portrait With Your Own Hands

while receiving a powerful energy boost,
feeling the joy of the process and pride in the result!

And I will help you with this - portrait painter Tatyana Artykova

• Where to start working in oil painting?
• What paints, brushes, etc. use?
• How to build a composition?
• How to transfer the image correctly?
• How do I mix colors?
• Stages of creation and completion of a portrait;

Get answers in the video course: "Painting a Portrait with Oil" Steps for creating a "living" portrait

What (or who) will facilitate the learning process?

Without knowledge of visual literacy, it will be difficult to cope with the tasks. You will need a "translator" who will help facilitate the process, make it as interesting, efficient and fast as possible.

I am Tatiana Artykova, a portrait painter and teacher, acting as a "translator".

For 20 years I have been doing portrait work. And, in parallel, at live Master Classes I share my knowledge with those who intend to master the art of portrait as efficiently and quickly as possible. And now my experience is in video format.

Painting Oil Portrait
Stages of Creating a "Live" Portrait

A guide for "beginners" and "advanced"

Who is this course for?

• for those who intend to create their own portraits in the near future;
• in whom the creative flame burns and there is a desire to kindle it "cooler";
• who needs clear recommendations so that the learning process is as fast, effective, and interesting as possible!

Write your own portrait and you using simple guidelines!

• The "textbook" is a beautiful picture. We study the secrets of portrait painting using the example of a painting by a famous portrait master;
• The "object" of study is a beautiful girl, the goddess Hebe, a symbol of eternal youth; which inspires to create a beautiful image;
• The stage-by-stage implementation makes the course as clear as possible, accessible even to absolute beginners;
• Step by step, the portrait is gaining strength, bringing joy to the creative process;
• The problem of creating the most accurate drawing of the depicted person is easily solved;
• Shows a simple technique for selecting the desired colors and shades;
• Revealed the main secrets that allow you to create a "living" portrait;
• In the additional section of the course, you will see how the students complete the task. This is important for comparative analysis.

Lvova Alena

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"Art makes up for the deficiencies of nature"

Art is what is created by human hands. And man is a creation of nature of endless possibilities. I am amazed at the thought of a person. The fact that he can create the impossible.

Art can be seen, heard, and most importantly felt. It can bring you to tears, It can give you a smile or help you think about the great deeds of the world, of humanity. In our minds, art is, first of all, spirituality, depth of thought. This is a state from which the spirit is overwhelmed and the heart sinks. We feel delight and admiration. We begin to feel with every cell of our body.

Art is comparable to perfection. Order reigns in it, and there is nothing superfluous. Clear boundaries, clarity. And sometimes it is fraught with a complete riddle, which again makes you droop your head in thought, the eternal search for secrets and magic. We open another world around a person. We are enriched with knowledge and thoughts, our feelings, our tastes develop. Art is a wonderful chronicle of both the past and the present of mankind, a chronicle of his thoughts.

Art has always existed as one of the forms of social consciousness. It can in no way be torn away from relationships with other phenomena of social life, from other forms of ideology, from the economic foundations of social development. Art is based on artistic and figurative reflection of reality. The art of each era is inextricably linked with the national culture and historical conditions, with the class struggle, with the level of the spiritual life of society. Contemporary art, in turn, gives us the opportunity to understand and evaluate, from our point of view, the processes taking place in modern society, to orient ourselves in the world around us. Art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general character of the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs.

Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, transfer of values, values ​​not material, but spiritual. Value is something that has positive significance. It can be a really existing object or a metaphysical beginning, conceivable and imaginary. Values ​​play the role of guidelines in people's lives.

At birth, a person does not have any social qualities. But from the first minutes of his life he was introduced to human society. Growing up, developing, he is gradually included in various communities of people, starting with a family, a group of peers and ending with a social class, nation, people. A person forms in himself the qualities that ensure his inclusion in a certain social integrity. In the process of socialization, he masters the knowledge, norms, values ​​accepted in one or another community of people, but perceives, absorbs them not passively, but refracting through his individuality, through his life experience. So he becomes a person who is a unique ensemble of social relations. And in many respects these processes are directly influenced by art, which, along with other social institutions and forms, “connects” a person to the interests and needs of society in all its diverse forms.

Thus, we can quite confidently state that art carries not only an aesthetic meaning and direction, as it is often perceived, but also a deep social and public meaning. In the process of studying and comprehending it, a person is guaranteed to receive a multifaceted image and a holistic picture of modern society. Art in the modern rapidly developing world is an integral part of human life.

The diversity of the world cannot be revealed by means of one type of art. It is embodied in visual images (visual arts), in sound images (music), in words (fiction), through a combination of artistic tasks with utilitarian ones - arts and crafts, architecture. Each type of art, comprehending, thanks to its figurative specificity, certain spheres of objective reality, already due to this circumstance has its own, only inherent laws. First of all, here it is necessary to note its own special artistic re-creation of the world, characteristic only of this art, objectively embedded in the system of its pictorial and expressive means. What is characteristic of music is different from what is comprehended by poetry or painting. However, the limitations in direct reflection, inherent in each art, in reality turns into its polysemy, comprehension of the essence.

Dance is an art form in which artistic images are created by means of plastic movements and rhythmically clear and continuous change of expressive positions of the human body. Dance is inextricably linked with music, the emotional-figurative content of which is embodied in its choreographic composition, movements, figures.

The magical world of dance! Exciting, mysterious, alluring! Fascinating twilight and dazzling rays of light ...
Who among us has not admired this forever young art, has not experienced the joy that Dance gives people?

Even in the most ancient times, dance was one of the first languages ​​with which people could express their feelings. Today there are a huge number of different styles and directions of dance, thousands of different groups, but each of them has a number - this is a separate story, a fragment of life.

The history of dance is rooted in the depths of centuries - the primary source of dance was movements and gestures associated with sensory impressions from the surrounding world, and ritual mysteries with only them inherent in choreographic language and expressiveness were an integral part of the spiritual life of an ancient person.

This ancient art was born simultaneously with the appearance of man. It is inherent in completely different cultures of mankind, different traditions. Throughout the history of human history, it has inseparably existed with man. The person changed, the dance also changed. It is in dance, as in a special form of art, that the cultural development of mankind can be traced. Being a truly universal art, dance is available to people of all races and continents.

We learn through dance, through movement, to feel our body, to treat it with love and respect. Accept your body, accept yourself, accept your life as it is. Learn to treat life like a dance. The joy of movement is the main meaning of the dance. Each person has his own dance, his own music that sounds inside. There is no point in dancing someone else's drawing. It is important to hear and follow your music. When we dance, we create ourselves, expressing the beauty of our feelings, the beauty of our body, our personality.

Who can measure the true benefits of great art to people? The benefits and effects of art cannot be measured or quantified. After all, a person who touches him becomes not only more interesting and acquires a taste, but he begins to relate in a new way to the race and society that gave birth to great works
art.

There is an old Russian legend that came to us from the Middle Ages. When Christ was to ascend to Paradise, a wandering singer approached him and asked: “Great God, to whom are you leaving us? How are we going to live without you? " And Christ answered: "My children, I will give you mountains of gold and rivers of silver and beautiful gardens, you will be well-groomed and happy." But then Saint John approached Christ and said: “Oh, Lord, do not give them mountains of gold and rivers of silver. They do not know how to deal with them, and someone rich and powerful will attack them and take away mountains of gold. Give them only your name, your beautiful songs and indicate that all those who understand and recognize these songs and who help the singers and protect them will find the gates of Paradise open. " And Christ answered: "Yes, I will not give them mountains of gold, but my songs, and those who understand them will find their way to Paradise."

Lvova Alena Olegovna

Chuvash Republic,

S. Shemursha,

MOU "Shemurshinskaya secondary school"

Literature:

1. S.V. Filatov "From a figurative word to expressive movement", Moscow, 1993.

2.Yu.Slonimsky "In honor of the dance", Moscow, 1988

3.Amirgamzaeva O.A. "The most famous ballet masters", Moscow, 2004

4. Bottamer P. "Dance Lessons", Moscow, 2004.

About Art.
What was the first thing in the life of mankind: drawings in caves or music of primitive drums? This is a question of questions. But art appeared from the very beginning, as man became rational.
There is an opinion: of all arts, music is the most humane and widespread. As an imitation of natural sounds that has arisen, but acquired its own special features, carrying its own goals.

Shakespeare said beautifully about music:
Music drowns out sadness.
There is no living creature on earth
So tough, tough, so hellish
So that I could not at least for one hour
In it is music to make a revolution.
Who is cold to lovely harmony,
He can be a traitor, a liar,
A robber. The souls of his movement -
Dark as night and as Erebus
Black is his affection. To such a person -
Do not trust!
Music - (has always been, as) consolation for a sad person. But at the same time, both for a long time and for the present moment - music inspires the whole world. It provides human souls with wings, contributes to the flight of imagination. Music gives life and joy to everything that exists…. She can be called the embodiment of all that is beautiful and all that is sublime. Music is capable of exerting a certain influence on the ethical side of the soul; and since music has such educational properties, then, obviously, it should be included among the subjects of education for young people. This is where to start when introducing a person to art.

Everything can be conquered with the help of art - and all sorrows that have a limit and fears that have no limits. Art, if it does not win, then it can mitigate all kinds of human suffering.
There was and is freedom in art. It is one, needed, but there are many types of it. New arts were born from imitation of nature, but so far, no art can surpass the skill of nature itself. And gardens and parks, only slightly corrected by the hand of a gardener, belong to the art of manipulating nature itself! And in them beauty appears to us.
Art has no enemies other than the ignorant.

Man has always created art himself, but where the spirit does not lead by the hand of the artist, there is no art. It disappears when it is replaced by the ambition of the artist-creator. “Painter, make sure that greed for earnings does not overcome the honor of art in you, for the earnings (acquisition) of honor from art is much more significant than the honor from wealth. When an artist is glorified by people for his works - and will be remembered for centuries. "
Painting developed and now it is equal to the poetry that one sees. And poetry is equal to the same painting that is heard.
So from drawing and from painting every creator of art is called an artist: a writer is an artist of words, and even a culinary specialist is an artist of cooking.
An artist, a creative person, is subject to a different, higher law than the law of simple duty. For someone who is called to perform a great deed, to make a discovery, for example, and / or such a feat that will move the whole of humanity forward - for such a person, the true homeland is no longer his fatherland, but his deeds. He feels himself responsible, ultimately, only before one instance - before the task that he is destined to solve, and he would rather allow himself to despise state and temporary interests than the internal obligation that was placed on him - his special destiny, and special talent.
An example of this is the artists of the Renaissance - the same Michelangelo. When it was forbidden by a religious society to depict human nature and nature. And they know all the examples of Galileo and Giordano Bruno, burnt at the stake - they were true artists of science - who presented the endless beauty of the universe and our solar system, the beauty of space to the eyes of mankind!
The greatness of art lies in this, in this eternal tense duality, - the resistance of the mythical old world, the new real:
Between beauty and compassion
Love for people and passion for creativity,
With the pangs of loneliness and irritation from the crowd,
Between rebellion and harmony.
On the crest of a ridge, along which a great artist walks forward, his every step is an adventure and the greatest risk. This risk, however, and only it, is the freedom of art.
Each work of art belongs to its own time and its people and its environment. Art took possession of everything. Art, like nature, if you don't let it in the door, it will enter the window. For an artist, the moral life of a person is only one of the themes of his work. Art brings to light all the hidden human passions for all to see. The ethics of art is in the perfect application of imperfect means.

There is an obligatory moment in creativity, when the artist judges the whole world according to his own understanding.
“Art thirsts for autocracy
And the soul scoops to the bottom.
Barely a soul sighs for happiness -
She's already renounced. " -
As one poet used to say.
There are no assistants-assistants in art, and that is how it differs from everything else. In production it is impossible without deputies and without assistants, but then art was created and exists, that man is here himself (alone). The methods of creativity are changing, but the soul, the spirit invested in the creation of a work of art, can never die or become outdated.

In art - freedom. It is one, but its types are many. It is durable if life is short. It is a common property, softening the mores of all times.
Art is jealous: it demands that a person surrender himself entirely to him, and as the poet said:
“Creation can outlive the creator:
The Creator will leave, defeated by nature,
However, the image captured by him,
It will warm hearts for centuries.
I live in thousands of souls in hearts
All lovers, and that means I am not dust,
And mortal decay will not touch me.

No art can surpass the mastery of nature. It can make up for her shortcomings. Here, in painting - who, having painted a face, adds something else, he already makes a picture, not a portrait.
Nature and art - as material and creation. Even beauty must be helped: for even the beautiful will appear ugly if it is not adorned with art that removes flaws and polishes dignity. Nature leaves us at will, (both in the heat and in the cold) - let us resort to art - we will decorate ourselves in beautiful clothes. And without art, an excellent nature will remain imperfect. We need grace not only in the arts of entertainment, but in all human affairs.
The earth is eventually weathered and the dust is blown away by the wind; all people die, disappear without a trace - except for those who are engaged in art. The economy and technology (like a digging stick) of a thousand years ago seems to us naive, and works of art (figurines, paintings and architectural structures) live forever.
So the sculpture is significant: it does not tolerate buffoonery and clowning, there is no humor and amusement - marble does not laugh. Art consists in finding the extraordinary in the ordinary and vice versa, the ordinary in the extraordinary. Look at the figures adorning the Temples of antiquity - everything is there: both extraordinary demons and human vices (in the Temples of the phallus, for example).

There are some rules for real art.
1). Every work of art must express some great rule of life, must teach, otherwise it will be dead.
The artist works from the heart: a sketch is the creation of fervor (emotions) and genius (insight), a painting is the creation of labor, patience, long study and complete knowledge in art.
2). The task of art is to stir hearts.
The liveliness of the mind does not paint a person too much, if it is not accompanied by the fidelity of judgments. Not those watches are good that go quickly, quickly, but those that show the exact time. So in art, everything must be measured and accurate, and talent achieves this intuitively. The highest praise for an artist is when people forget about praises before his work, perceiving his beauty naturally.
3). The artist (should) portray the beauty of the soul in such a way that the beauty of the soul gives charm to even a nondescript body. In the same way, as the ugliness of the soul puts on the most magnificent constitution and on the most beautiful bodies some kind of special imprint that arouses inexplicable disgust in people.
This is the true greatness of art. Everything that our soul feels in the form of vague, obscure sensations - art presents us in loud words and vivid images, the power of which amazes. A poetic work should justify itself, for where the action itself does not speak, words of justification are unlikely to help.

The service of the Muses does not tolerate fuss - said Pushkin.
Art certainly strives for good, positive or negative images: does it show us the beauty of all the best that is in a person, or laughs at the ugliness of all the worst. “If you expose all the rubbish that is in a person, and you expose it in such a way that every spectator will receive complete disgust for it, one wonders: isn't this already a praise for everything good (?), Isn't it a praise for good?” - said Gogol.
Hence it is necessary for any artist to apply his mind-reason. Art without the thought that a person without a soul is a corpse.

Art has reached tremendous heights: it is as the highest authority for solving human life issues. There are many works of art about all passions.
“… Not only poetry is poetry: it is poured everywhere, it is around us. Take a look at these trees, at this sky above your head - beauty and life blows from everywhere, and where there is beauty and life, there is poetry! " - said Turgenev.
There are joys in every kind of creativity: the whole point is to be able to take your good where you find it. The roads leading to art are full of thorns, but even among the obstacles they manage to pick beautiful flowers.
The goal of the artist's personal gain kills every work of art. A writer can only do one thing: honestly observe the truth of life and portray it with talent; everything else is the powerless attempts of bigots. A work of art is a corner of the universe seen by the artist through the prism of a certain temperament. That is why stories and pictures about the same thing are so different: how the four Evangelists portrayed the life of Christ in different ways.

“The task of art is not to copy nature and / or human life, but to express it. We must grasp the mind, meaning, appearance of things and creatures and communicate them intelligibly to people! "
End.

communication, joint activities are

2 ... Similarities in animal behavior and human activity

1) goal-setting 2) expediency 3) creative activity 4) transformation of nature

3 ... Are the statements correct?

A. The various connections that arise between social groups in the process of economic, political, cultural activities are called social relations.

B. A person can independently determine or change the purpose of the activity.

4. Are the statements correct?

A. Material culture includes scientific theories, works of art, morality.

B. Social sciences include archeology, political science, aesthetics, social psychology.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both statements are true 4) both statements are false

5. The hallmark of society as a system:

1) constant changes in social life 2) the presence of spheres of society 3) degradation of elements of society

6 ... A part of the world that is isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes the ways of interaction between people and the forms of their unification - this is

1) active community 2) scientific association 3) society 4) stage of historical development

7. The difference in animal behavior and human activity

1) goal-setting 2) expediency 3) care for offspring 4) self-preservation

8 ... Are the statements correct?

A. In a broad sense, "culture" is everything created by man.

B. Both animal behavior and human activity are expedient.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both statements are true 4) both statements are false

9 ... Are the statements correct?

A. Spiritual culture includes household items, railways, equipment of enterprises.

B. Social sciences include cultural studies, jurisprudence, economics, history.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both statements are true 4) both statements are false

10 ... The hallmark of society as a dynamic system:

1) the presence of spheres of society 2) constant changes in public life

3) a person is a universal element of society 4) the presence of different groups

11 ... A holistic view of nature, society, a person, which is expressed in the system of values ​​and ideals of the individual, social group, society is

1) nature-centrism 2) science-centrism 3) worldview 4) sociocentrism

12 ... The process of mastering knowledge and skills, ways of behavior is called:

1) education 2) adaptation 3) socialization 4) modernization

13 ... The form of interaction with the outside world inherent only to a person is

1) need 2) activity 3) goal 4) program

14 ... A person's definition of himself as a person capable of making independent decisions, entering into certain relationships with other people and nature:

1) socialization 2) education 3) self-realization 4) self-awareness

15. The form of interaction with the outside world inherent only to a person is

1) need 2) activity 3) goal 4) program.

16. The term "society" not includes the concept:

1) The form of uniting people

2) Parts of the material world

3) Natural habitat

4) The ways people interact

17 The transition from slash and burn to plow farming is an example of the relationship:

1) Society and nature

2) Society and culture

3) Economics and Religions

4) Civilizations and formation

18. All but two examples refer to the concept of "social needs". Give some extra examples.

Creation of cultural values, labor activity, communication, social activity,

participation in the game, sleep.

19. Complete the sentences:

1) Accordingly, the need for the reproduction of the genus formed a social

institute -….

2) Man is a product of biological, cultural and social….

3) What is most precious is sacred both for one person and for all mankind

- this is … .

4) According to social needs, social ...

5) The origin of a person is called….

6) Perfection, the highest goal of human striving is ...

20. Spiritual and bodily in a person:

1) precede each other

2) Linked to each other

3) oppose each other

4) Independent from each other

21. A distinctive feature of a person is

1) Satisfaction of needs

2) Adaptation to the environment

3) Comprehension of the world and oneself

4) Use of tools

22 .Gennadiy possesses the knowledge and ability to protect personal rights, respects the rights of others, strictly fulfills his duties, observes the laws of the country. What qualities does Gennady have?

1) Citizenship

2) Conscience

3) Patriotism

4) Responsibility

Architecture is also a chronicle of the world: it speaks when both songs and legends are already silent, and when nothing else says about the lost people (N.V. Gogol)

One of the art forms is architecture - the art of building and decorating buildings. This is a special kind of art, because not only admire the creations of architects, our life passes through them. Over the many years of their existence, people have created hundreds of thousands of buildings: from ancient times, buildings and structures related to religion - temples and tombs - have come down to us. They were well preserved, because for their gods, pharaohs, rulers, people built buildings from the most durable material, making every possible effort. Each era in history is characterized by its own architecture. We will never confuse the Egyptian pyramids with the tomb of Tamerlane in Samarkand. The peoples who built them have long disappeared, the history of these nations has long been forgotten, but the works of architecture remained. It is they who convey to us the peculiarities of the development of a particular nationality. With the help of such buildings, we are trying to restore the course of events that took place in those distant times, and gradually, analyzing and collecting all the facts together, we can confidently tell about the people who created such magnificent buildings. In addition to architectural monuments, various peoples have their own oral folk art: myths, legends, tales that reflect the way of life, customs, and customs of their people. But it so happens that these legends are erased from the memory of ancestors, forgotten. Perhaps because there was no written language, or today it has not been deciphered. For example, everyone knows the Inca civilization that arose in the 10th century BC. During their existence, the Incas built beautiful roads and palaces in their country. They had a nodular letter, which has not yet been deciphered. We learn about this people from the records of the invaders and the architectural structures of the Incas. I do not agree 100% with the opinion of the author, tk. many buildings of the past have been destroyed or have not survived to this day, but the memory of them has remained in myths. An example of this is the seven wonders of the world, among which only the Egyptian pyramids have survived, but legends about them are passed on from generation to generation. Even the streets of Cheboksary recreate the chronicle of the city's history. The Vvedensky Cathedral tells about the 17th century, the Assumption Church about the 18th century, the Efremov mansion about the 19th century. Sometime our descendants will judge our time by the structures that are just being built.

Art is a dialogue in which the interlocutor is silent. (G. Landau)

This expression contains the combination "art-dialogue". Dialogue is one of the forms of communication. Thus, it turns out that art is communication. That is, the author wanted to point out that works of art push us to talk with the author, to express our feelings, emotions, thoughts. Is it really so? Art is a specific form of social consciousness and human activity. When we paint a picture or look at it in an art gallery, we communicate with an imaginary partner. And this communication can comfort us, give us some knowledge, educate us, bring us pleasure. We see that the functions of art are in many ways similar to the functions of communication. For example, in a stressful situation, a person may call a friend and tell him about all their problems. Or maybe just listen to soothing music or throw out all your anger, as many artists do, on paper by drawing something. In both cases, the effect will be the same. Art is like an intelligent, understanding person, with whom it is pleasant to communicate, because it brings pleasure to a person. It's not just that people go abroad to visit the Louvre or hundreds of rooms of the Hermitage pass by. Creativity is an integral part of art, it allows a person to create his own fictional world, where he communicates with the created artistic image. This artistic image will become a participant in the dialogue with other people who will evaluate this picture. The use of artwork in different classes in the school makes learning easier, because the student gains knowledge not only in the course of communication with the teacher, but also in the course of communication with artistic images. Therefore, I believe that the author is right. True works call the viewer into a mental dialogue with the author.

The easiest way to declare yourself a genius is through the radio. (Don Aminado)

Radio in the 19th century was the first step towards the emergence of mass culture.

Radio, television, press, Internet are the products of the information age, which are in the service of mass culture today. It is in the post-industrial society that the artificial creation of idols of literature, pop music, cinema, etc., the so-called "factories of stars", is possible. Often people who do not have the proper abilities in reality become stars of this kind. Radio, television, press, and the Internet are ringing about their imaginary talent. So, in a short period of time, huge masses of people suddenly recognize the names and surnames of people who were previously in obscurity. In such cases, they say: "He woke up famous." Here is a more positive example of the influence of the media on the consciousness of society: in order for Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn to be recognized as a classic of Russian literature, he had to go a long way of non-recognition and persecution, equal to almost 90 years of life, and the media reported about the talented writer Yevgeny Grishkovets, and his name became widely known in a short lines. How many years later we would have known the poet and bard Vladimir Vysotsky, if not for the "tape revolution" in the USSR in the 70s.

We agree with the opinion of the Russian poet of the 20th century D. Aminado that it is easiest to tell humanity that someone is a genius through the radio, but whether a person is a genius in reality, it will become clear in many, many years, when the contribution of this person to the development of society is understood. ...

Civilization is the stage of dying of culture. (O. Spengler)

The development of culture and civilization are inextricably linked: outside the spiritual values ​​created in the process of cultural activities of people, a civilizational community cannot develop.
Some researchers completely equate culture and civilization. This point of view originated in the era of the Enlightenment, when Voltaire and Turgot viewed culture primarily as the development of reason. At the same time, the "culture", "civilization" of a nation or country was opposed to the "savagery" and "barbarism" of primitive peoples.
However, the German philosopher O. Spengler adhered to a different point of view. He believed that culture is the container of all the best in man, and civilization is associated only with standardized mass production. According to Spengler, civilization is the highest stage of culture, at which its final decline occurs, and culture is a civilization that has not reached its maturity and has not ensured its growth.
Spengler identified eight cultures. Each of them goes through a number of stages during its existence and, dying, turns into a civilization. In his opinion, the transition from culture to civilization means the decline of creativity, heroic deeds; genuine art turns out to be unnecessary, mechanical work triumphs. Thus, O. Spengler denies the relationship and continuity in the development of culture.
However, I disagree with Spengler's opinion. Spengler called his 1913 work "The Decline of Europe". Nevertheless, over the past century, European civilization not only did not die, but stepped onto a higher level of development. I believe that from the point of view of science, one should not equate culture and civilization. I like N. Roerich's statement that culture is the soul, it is the core of civilization, spiritual values, and civilization is the body, those some kind of technological framework in which the soul lives.
Here are the arguments. No civilization can exist without culture, just as the body cannot exist without the soul. When the soul leaves the body, it dies. Therefore, more precisely, when culture dies, civilization dies too.
Here are some examples. When in the ancient Roman civilization Christianity was adopted as the state religion, which contradicted Roman culture, the Roman civilization perished. When they tried to replace the communist ideology of the USSR with a liberal one, the Soviet Union collapsed.
Thus, culture and civilization, in my opinion, are somewhat different concepts, but closely interrelated. One cannot agree with Spengler's paradoxical point of view.

The author believes that ignorance, not the ability to understand anything, and even more so in art, can do great harm to art. And we can agree with that. Ignorance comes from the word "know" (know). Ignorant people are people who do not know anything.

For many centuries this phrase has been used in the language. It is precisely ignorance, i.e. the complete lack of knowledge in this area hindered the development of art, especially when the ignorant were in power. Understanding art is difficult. So, art is a specific form of people's consciousness and activity, reflecting the world in artistic images. It is characterized by clarity and imagery, specific ways of reproducing reality, fantasy and imagination. And this is not given to everyone. Not everyone can understand the meaning of this or that work of art. It is no secret that many artists died in poverty because of the ignorant, because because of them, the works often did not reach society. For example, many films before "perestroika" lay on the shelves of the Goskino archives. were banned by the censorship. Or, as a result of the Greco-Roman war, many works of art were taken out of Greece, but they were valued not to the extent of the genius of the creation, but to the value of the material from which they were made. And again, history repeats itself like a farce twice: during the capture of Rome, the vandals melted gold sculptures into ingots. You can endlessly give examples when, due to ignorance, something that has been accumulated over the centuries and that is priceless perishes. Consequently, art will develop only when it has more connoisseurs.

Art has an enemy, whose name is ignorance. (D. Kennedy)

What is art? This word has several meanings. Art is the reproduction of reality in artistic images; skill, skill, knowledge of the business - for example, the art of knitting; the business itself - for example, the art of war. Perhaps most often we mean by art artistic creativity aimed at creating something new, original, unlike what others have created. Art is very vast: it includes architecture, painting, theater, etc. We know many works of art that have come to us from time immemorial: poems by Homer, the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Each era gave birth to more and more new creations that cannot be compared with anything. How are masterpieces of art created? An enormous role is played by the artist's love for life, for art, inspiration. The author creates his works in the throes of creativity, often in poverty, trying to truthfully convey the moments of life, his dreams about the harmony of the world, about the unity of man and nature. But unfortunately, at all times there was also such a trait as ignorance, i.e. lack of knowledge, lack of culture. First of all, it consisted in the denial of obvious cultural values, complete contempt for them. For example, during the October Revolution and the Civil War, many cultural monuments dedicated to tsars, statesmen, and churches were destroyed. The ignorant people did not understand that these were works of art, they thought they were getting rid of bourgeois attributes. And during the Inquisition in the XII-XVII centuries. in Europe, a huge number of paintings and scientific books were burned (a manifestation of the ignorance of the Catholic Church). Ignorance caused irreparable harm, because the views of an ignorant person were driven into a religious, everyday framework. Summing up, I want to agree with the opinion of the author and add that it is possible to solve the problem of ignorance by introducing spiritual values ​​and developing a personality.

The poet is infinitely inferior to the artist in depicting the visible, and to the musician in depicting the invisible. (Leonardo da Vinci)

Both the poet, the artist and the musician are creators of art. We know that art is a special way of knowing and reflecting reality through artistic images. It is represented in the artistic activity of a person, designed to satisfy the needs of people in enjoying beauty. The objects of human aesthetic reaction to reflecting reality are works of art of literature, music, painting, etc. However, Leonardo da Vinci believes that the art of poetry is lower than painting and music. Perhaps he thought so, because he was a painter himself. And the principles of literary art were less clear to him. But I disagree with him.

The creation of a perfect, highly artistic work of art largely depends on the creative talents of its author. Poets, artists, musicians, through the creation of works of art, realize such a kind of cognitive activity of people as artistic cognition. But each of the works is conveyed in its own way: in its own language of art, in its own way. The poet conveys with the help of words those events, feelings, experiences, reflections that took place in his life, in nature, in the world. A poet can admit artistic fiction. For example, poets such as A.S. Pushkin, Tyutchev, Bunin and others devoted many of their works to the description of nature.

As for the artist, he really conveys visible phenomena with the help of paints and colors, he can copy them, restore them from memory. For example, the famous landscape painters I. Levitan, V. Shishkin, I. Repin dedicated their paintings to depicting the reality of nature.

The musician also expresses both visible and invisible phenomena with the help of sounds. For example, having heard the magnificent singing of birds, the murmur of water, the rustle of leaves, Tchaikovsky immediately reproduced these phenomena in his musical work The Four Seasons.

But they all reproduced the real picture of the world around us. A huge role in the process of knowing the world with the help of art is played by the imagination and fantasy of the knower.

The language of art is accessible to everyone, but everyone is close to what he understands more. As for me, I like works of fiction. The thing is that each type of art has its own specific way of reproducing reality. Each person has their own ability to perceive different types of arts.

But both the poet, the artist and the musician allow us to better understand the world - both visible and invisible.