Already so it was the custom for the clever grief from the mind. V

All stupid - happiness from madness,
All clever - grief from the mind.

Word patriotism comes from the word "patris", which translates as "homeland", fathers, love for the homeland, attachment to the native land, language, culture, traditions.

As a child, my parents laid in me love for their Motherland, love for its people. Even despite how many difficult periods our Russia went through, people always fought for it, gave their lives in the war, worked in its fields - this patriotism of the people was able to elevate the country to an honorable world pedestal, despite all attempts to distort this truth.

The immense expanses of Russia are spread over 17 thousand square kilometers. Here are all the beauties of the Earth: deep forests, wide fields, highest mountains, fast rivers, bright flower glades, raging seas and oceans. Many have encroached on these territories, but the Russian people never wanted to give their native and beloved lands to someone else's possession. Therefore, there was always a struggle for life. And now, we live in huge country, under a bright blue peaceful sky, we have everything for a comfortable life.

Russia is proud not only of its size and natural resources, but also great ones who made a huge contribution to the development of the Russian language and the “true Russian word”.

And I, as a representative of the younger generation, sincerely wish to contribute to this section. The first material was dedicated, and I, in turn, would like to tell about A.S. Griboyedov and discuss the true and false in the great work of this author "Woe from Wit."

Biographical information

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was born on January 4 (15), 1795 in a wealthy noble family. As a child, Alexander was very focused and unusually developed. At the age of 6, he was fluent in three foreign languages, in his youth already six, in particular perfectly English, French, German and Italian. He understood Latin and Ancient Greek very well.

In 1803 he was sent to the Moscow University Noble Boarding School; three years later, Griboyedov entered the university at the verbal department of Moscow University.

In 1808 he received the title of candidate of verbal sciences, but did not leave his studies, but entered the moral and political department, and then the physics and mathematics department.

During Patriotic War In 1812, when the enemy appeared on the territory of Russia, he joined the Moscow Hussar Regiment (volunteer irregular unit) of Count Pyotr Ivanovich Saltykov, who received permission to form it. Arriving at the duty station, he got into the company «Young cornets of the best noble families» - Prince Golitsyn, Count Efimovsky, Count Tolstoy, Alyabyev, Sheremetev, Lanskoy, the Shatilov brothers. With some of them Griboyedov was related. Until 1815, Griboyedov served with the rank of cornet under the command of a general from the cavalry.

In the spring of 1816, the aspiring writer left military service, and already in the summer he published an article “On the analysis of a free translation of Burgess's ballad“ Lenora ”- a response to the critical remarks of NI Gnedich about PA Katenin’s ballad“ Olga ”. At the same time, the name of Griboyedov appears in the lists of full members of the Masonic lodge "Les Amis Reunis" ("United Friends").

In 1818 he was appointed secretary of the Russian mission in Tehran. From 1822 he was in Tbilisi the secretary for the diplomatic part of the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus A.P. Ermolov. Here Griboyedov began to write the comedy "Woe from Wit". Like the Decembrists, Griboyedov hated the autocratic serf system, but was skeptical about the possibility of a purely military conspiracy to succeed.

“Woe from Wit” is the main work of Alexander Griboyedov. It reflected the whole historical era... The idea of ​​"Woe from Wit", the content of the comedy are connected with the ideas of the Decembrists. The dramatic conflict of the comedy was an expression of the struggle between two social camps: the feudal-serf reaction and the advanced youth, from whose midst the Decembrists emerged. In the comedy it is also given, in the words of Pushkin, "... a sharp picture of manners" lordly Moscow.

Sent in April 1828 by the plenipotentiary minister-resident (ambassador) to Iran, Griboyedov regarded this appointment as a political exile. On the way to Iran, Griboyedov again spent several months in Georgia; in Tbilisi he married Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, Georgian poet A. Chavchavadze.

As an ambassador, Griboyedov pursued a firm policy. “… Respect for Russia and its requirements - that's what I need”- he said. Fearing an increase in Russian influence in Iran, agents of British diplomacy and reactionary Tehran circles, dissatisfied with the peace with Russia, set a fanatical crowd against the Russian mission. During the defeat of the mission, Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov was killed, his whole body was disfigured. Buried in Tbilisi on Mount David.

True and false patriotism in the comedy "Woe from Wit".

“Woe from Wit” is a unique comedy by the genius writer, but during the life of Griboyedov it was not fully published. The idea of ​​a comedy is to combine a secular comedy with a comedy of mores. There are two plot conflicts in this work: social and love.

The main character is Chatsky. Throughout the comedy, we observe that this hero demonstrates mental health, vigor, love of life, honesty, and most importantly - "Enlightening mind".

His antagonist Famusov values ​​only ranks and money. He is deceitful and two-faced. He rejects the books, saying: "Take all the books and burn them."

“I would be glad to serve
It's sickening to serve ... "- says A.A. Chatsky. A true patriot does everything for her good. The whole tragedy of Chatsky was that he advocated for society to reach a new stage of development. To replace the “past century” with the “present century”. He was a defender of personal freedom, ridiculed those who blindly imitate foreign fashion. Alexander Andreevich calls the people "kind and smart", he suffers for the fate of this very people. The vices and flaws of the Famus society are especially made to suffer. He is worried about the landowners' abuse of the peasant.

He spent all of his mental strength to bring noble ideas into "Famus society", but under the influence of the prevailing force failed.

“That's it, you are all proud!
Would you ask how the fathers did?
We would study at the elders looking ”- words from the monologue of P.A. Famusova. He condemns the advanced youth, calls on them to listen to the older generation. Pavel Afanasevich does not advocate the development of society, he is accustomed to the kind that has existed for a long time. In the "Famus" society, everything rests on connections, and such a model of life seems ideal to members of Moscow society, they consider it the only correct one and do not want any changes.

So what conclusions can be drawn?

The image of Chatsky is the image of a citizen in the highest sense of the word. He is a true patriot who always stands for the development of society, rejects all wrong positions, has a sense of justice and equality.

The false patriot sits exactly in one place and considers it correct. His patriotism is only in words. He does not want the best for his country, referring to the fact that he already lives well and does not need anything. Such pseudo-patriots are also called "leavened".

Objectives of the project: 1. Research of the characters of the heroes of the comedy and their relationship to progress. 2. Bringing examples of grief from the mind on the examples of the XX-XXI century. 3. A selection of doubles of the heroes of the comedy of the XIX-XX-XXI centuries through associative row famous persons, characters of works and films.

Famusov is a wealthy nobleman; Famusov is a wealthy nobleman; Molchalin - Famusov's secretary; Molchalin - Famusov's secretary; Colonel Skalozub; Colonel Skalozub; Goric family; Goric family; Prince and Princess Tugoukhovsky with six daughters; Prince and Princess Tugoukhovsky with six daughters; Countess grandmother and granddaughter of Khryumina; Countess grandmother and granddaughter of Khryumina; Zagoretsky and Repetilov; Zagoretsky and Repetilov; Old woman Khlestova - sister-in-law of Famusov Old woman Khlestova - sister-in-law of Famusov

A typical representative of the Moscow nobility. An ardent hater of education. He owns the words about Chatsky's "madness": "learning is the plague, learning is the reason." "Low-worshiper, flatterer", a person deprived of true dignity and honor, creeping before the highest in order to receive ranks and wealth. He treats his peasants without the slightest respect. He calls them both "cockerels" and "crows" and "chumps" and lazy "grouses". The landowner is well aware of his privileged position, but in order to make him calm and long, he surrounds himself with dependent people. A typical representative of the Moscow nobility. An ardent hater of education. He owns the words about Chatsky's "madness": "learning is the plague, learning is the reason." "Low-worshiper, flatterer", a person deprived of true dignity and honor, creeping before the highest in order to receive ranks and wealth. He treats his peasants without the slightest respect. He calls them both "cockerels" and "crows" and "chumps" and lazy "grouses". The landowner is well aware of his privileged position, but in order to make him calm and long, he surrounds himself with dependent people.

A typical representative of the Arakcheev army environment. There is nothing caricature in his appearance: historically, he is completely true. He sees the purpose of his service not in protecting the fatherland from the encroachments of the enemy, but in achieving wealth and nobility. A typical representative of the Arakcheev army environment. There is nothing caricature in his appearance: historically, he is completely true. He sees the purpose of his service not in protecting the fatherland from the encroachments of the enemy, but in achieving wealth and nobility.

A pitiful sycophant and flatterer, weak-willed and pitiful, he tries to curry favor with the masters, portraying "love" for Sophia. He acts meanly, but he himself does not notice this meanness. He is not worthy not only of the girl's love, but even her respect. This is a low and unpleasant person who does not inspire confidence in anyone. A pitiful sycophant and flatterer, weak-willed and pitiful, he tries to curry favor with the masters, portraying "love" for Sophia. He acts meanly, but he himself does not notice this meanness. He is not worthy not only of the girl's love, but even her respect. This is a low and unpleasant person who does not inspire confidence in anyone.

Chatsky Smart, ardent, passionate, decisive, stubborn "sensitive, cheerful and sharp", laughs at everyone, argues, "honest, active nature, moreover, the nature of a fighter," the future Decembrist, a representative of the "present century." Smart, ardent, passionate, decisive, stubborn "sensitive, cheerful and sharp", laughs at everyone, argues, "honest, active nature, moreover, the nature of a fighter," the future Decembrist, a representative of the "present century."

Sophia Clever, well-read, fell in love with the unworthy, defends him, suffers. Deep in her soul she is tender, vulnerable, pure, but spoiled by Famus's upbringing ... She is smart, well-read, fell in love with the unworthy, defends him, suffers. Deep in my soul, tender, vulnerable, pure, but spoiled by the Famusian upbringing ...

Conclusion One Conclusion One The heroes of the comedy represent “the present century” and “the past century”, only the image of Sophia is intermediate, since her character is typical for girls of all times. The heroes of the comedy represent "the present century" and the "past century", only the image of Sophia is intermediate, since her character is typical for girls of all times.

Conclusion of the second The characters of the heroes, their actions and their relationships, described in the comedy, are found today, therefore, the comedy is immortal. The characters of the heroes, their actions and their relationships, described in the comedy, are found today, therefore, the comedy is immortal.

GORGE FROM MIND? lit. ũmas "meaning" is probably borrowing. of glories. Related lit. aumuõ "reason", possibly associated with Art. - Slav. aviti "clearly". lit. ũmas "meaning" is probably borrowing. of glories. Related lit. aumuõ "reason", possibly associated with Art. - Slav. aviti "clearly". lit. maslit.aumuõst.- Slavic explicitly lit. maslit.aumuõst.- explicitly Slavic

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

CONCLUSION THREE 39 Each product of the mind carries both positive and negative sides therefore, there really is grief from the mind. Each product of the activity of the mind carries both positive and negative sides, therefore, there really is grief from the mind.

Aphorisms from the comedy Aphorisms from the comedy Smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us. The smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us. I would be glad to serve, to serve is sickening. I would be glad to serve, to serve is sickening. Who are the judges? Who are the judges? Evil tongues are more terrible than a pistol. Evil tongues are more terrible than a pistol. Pass us more than all sorrows, and lordly anger and lordly love. Pass us by more than all sorrows, and the lordly anger and the lordly love. Happy hours are not observed. Happy hours are not observed.

And grief awaits from around the corner. And grief awaits from around the corner. Hero ... Not my novel. Hero ... Not my novel. I would only get a general! I would only get a general! To have children who lacked intelligence. To have children who lacked intelligence. Carriage to me, carriage! Carriage to me, carriage! Bah! All familiar faces! Bah! All familiar faces! Although animals, but still kings! Although animals, but still kings!

Fate, naughty minx,
I defined it myself:
All stupid - happiness from madness,
All clever - grief from the mind.

Epigraph to the comedy of Griboyedov

That was six or eight months ago. I stood in front of a small bookcase that made up the entire wealth of the newly founded Library for Employees at one of the innumerable St. Petersburg offices; I was invited to enroll in it, but I hesitated, seeing too little choice of books.

Pardon me, you don't even have Turgenev and Goncharov, which I can find for the same fifty dollars a month in every library ... What is your purpose of signing up?

The young man, handwritten catalog in hand, stirred.

I stretched out my hand to the spine with an obscure inscription, and with amazement pulled out the lanky volume of Pisarev: I did not know about the release of the new edition and looked with curiosity at "The first volume, with a biography and a portrait" of the smooth-headed critic. Seeing my attention, the official remarked:

We already follow the books coming out and do not miss an opportunity. The edition had just appeared, and for a long time it was impossible to get these works for any price ...

I looked back at the librarian's face again; decidedly he could not have been given more than 21 years. "If it were not for here, in the chancellery," I thought, "I would have entered the volunteers. There are now many thousands of them, even tens of thousands, not ripening in gymnasiums "...

Listen, I asked, you don't mix Pisemsky with Pisarev? ..

No, after all, Pisemsky, it seems, was under Novi and, if I’m not mistaken, a novelist? Why would Wolf need a critic for applications? We have a serious library.

I contributed fifty dollars and decided to become a member of the "serial" library.

So from a bit of labor
Temples of God grow
On the face of the earth, dear ...

Well, this was before, in stupid times, "temples of God" grew up, but now, when the people, thanks " initial training", grew wiser, there is something to grow and better.

And give, give passers-by ...

Nick. Kareevs, Pavlenkovs, Ev. The Solovievs collect "mites" and put them in their pockets; sometimes, however, they also cheat, that is, in a noble, literary sense cheat, "not keeping up with the direction"; so, in No. 337 of Novosti, dated December 1, 1895, I have just read the announcement, which I am hereby presenting in full:

"Went on sale fifth edition
philosophical and psychological study
OK. Notovich "Love",
with the attachment of his own critical-philosophical study:
"The beauty"

with forewords by famous representatives of the modern Italian philosophical school C. Lombroso and G. Ferrero, a review by Montegazza (author of The Physiology of Love) and Letters to the Author from Olympus by D.L. Mordovtseva.

The price of the book (an elegant volume of more than 20 sheets) 1 p. 50 k. Subscribers to "Novosti" pay only one ruble per book. Requests are addressed to the bookstore of the newspaper "Novosti", B. Morskaya, 33 ".

But just two months ago, the same “Novosti” also published an ad:

"O. K. Notovich. G. T. Bockle. The history of civilization in England in a popular presentation. Tenth edition. St. Petersburg, 1895. Ts. 50 k.".

And in the "Northern Herald" for December 1895, I even read a review:

“Buckle’s interesting work is still widely known in Russia. tenth edition. One might think that, thanks to Mr. Notovich's book, Bockle began to penetrate into the middle strata of the Russian reading public, and no matter how anyone looks at the scientific merits of this historical research, one cannot but recognize the work that Mr. Notovich accomplished as useful. The author's presentation is distinguished by the accuracy of scientific expressions. From a literary point of view, the book should be recognized as impeccable both in the sense of style and in the sense of the clarity of the transmission of Buckle's main ideas in a language accessible to those for whom the full edition of his work is not available. The author's intention would be crowned with even greater success if for the next 11th edition he lowered the price of his book to 20 k. Per copy "(Section II of the December book of the magazine, p. 87).

"Went on sale 11-20 thousand copies newly published F. Pavlenkov:

"History of Civilization in England by T. Buckle".

Translated by A. Buinitsky. With notes. Ts. 2 p. The same translation without notes - 1 p. 50 K. ".

I don’t know why I started talking about ads. I actually wanted to talk about the third book "Struggle with the West in Our Literature" by my good and old friend, N.N. Strakhov, just released by the author; I thought to help the "book" kind review... But too many “announcements” caught my eye and I involuntarily “turned my heart” ... to other sorrows.

Here - "beauty" comes, here - "love" helps. I want to say that we have with you, old friend, who have neither beauty, nor, in this special sense, "love", books will lie on store shelves, not asked by anyone, absolutely useless to anyone. They will lie just as motionless as the books of our dead friends, yours - Ap, still "lie". Grigoriev, published in 1876, and mine - K. Leontyev, published in 1885-1886, are still not sold out; how the opera omnia of two unforgettable professors of Moscow University, T.N. Granovsky, so "noisily" celebrated in the press and silently unreadable, and his student - Kudryavtsev; how "lies" quietly "The Village School" of the town of Rachinsky, published in 1892 and did not require a new edition. Everything smart and noble in Russia "lies" and everything shameless and stupid "goes forward" noisily ...

For some reason I think that I say about the very, about the very important fact modern literature- more significant and capable of evoking thought than as if “War and Peace”, also “Fathers and Sons” appeared ... For, in essence, he prejudges all the others ... He shows that that literature, which is thought to be a work of a few old idealists, a few gray wigs left over from the past - that this literature ... No at all: there is no it in that spiritual, ideal, sweet, dear sense, which we historically connect with her name and, by naivety, misunderstanding, we continue to preserve to this day.

This is a lost field - the field of literature; the field of civilization, culture, spirit - it is lost. It is now, precisely in our days, when, apparently, everything shuns before them, when all doors are open for them, their name is welcomed everywhere - in the very greetings, in the very openness of all the entrances and exits before her, in the most victorious cries - the death knell is heard ...

She won and died.

It looks like a charge in the muzzle of a torn, broken gun. Let the gunpowder flare up, the wad smolder - the surrounding people will only laugh ...

Let the new prophet be the word; Dante's tercents will still sound - "society" will sleepily reach for the fifth edition of "love and beauty", the ninth edition of the abbreviated Buckle, the nineteenth thousand complete "History of Civilization in England" ...

On this lost field, my good and old friend, your book will fall on an extra bone ... What is it that it will lie next to the "noble bones"; this is a field not only lost, but, in essence, forgotten. New Time - i.e. not only "Novoye Vremya" A.S. Suvorin, but in general the new era, to which Suvorinskoe only dances, goes past him, pinching his nose "from carrion" - to other joys, to other joys - the very same things that appear in the "announcements" I have cited.

Dear friend, I think we can only die. Russia, which we defended, which we love, for the sake of which we "fought with the West," can only die.

The Russia that is to live - we will not love this Russia.

These poor villages
This dull nature ...
Will not understand and appreciate
The proud look of a foreigner,
What shines through and secretly shines
In your humble beauty ...

These "poor villages" are taking on a new, very lively, but also very unexpected look:

One foot touching the floor
To another - slowly circles,
And suddenly - a jump, and suddenly - flies,
Flies like fluff from the mouth of Eol ...

We cannot wish her, in this new "flight" - no good; we wish her every harm.

Dejected by the burden of the godmother,
All of you native land,
In slavery, the Heavenly King
I went blessing ...

I want to cry; however, why not laugh:

Flies like fluff from the mouth of Aeolus,
The camp will advise, then it will develop
And he hits the leg with a quick foot.

Oh, how we hate you, the originators of this sad change; you and even those great ones, on whom, having pressed like a small weight on the end of a long lever, you made a coup: all of them, from Cantemir, still naive, to the evil Shchedrin, without turning off, however, the intermediate ones.

"Woe is from the mind," said the greats; "There is nothing to blame on the mirror, if the face is crooked," they reassured. And thousands of monkey faces, poking at the verbal "mirror" - burst into Homeric laughter; thousands of fools, assuming a tragic pose, said that they were suffocating "at home", that they were "stuffy", that "invisible tears" burned their hearts through visible to the world laughter"...

Old crosses swayed, old graves moved aside.

A new time has come new era came, at which we do not know how to laugh, at which still no forms of laughter have been invented. There is "Love" and "Beauty".

Not a very important "beauty" - not Aphrodite Medicese, and not very rare love- on Bolshaya Morskaya, house 33, it costs only one ruble. But anyway...

Perhaps, however, the doctor will have to pay three rubles afterwards? ..

"Without risk, there is no pleasure," as my friend Mr. Arsenyev would remark fragmentarily.

But there is emphatically no risk; about this, Mr. N. Mikhailovsky, when he wrote "literature and life", and also "literature and life" and again then "literature and life" - warned young readers his own, blossoming strength and health, saying that "will come out soon, in a very good, albeit old translation of Buinitsky, an English thinker, before whom our native Yasnaya Polyana sage is so poor." And Mr. Skabichevsky confirms this - he, in his old age, sheltered under the same fig tree, on Bolshaya Morskaya, 33, from where Bokl comes and where they make "love" and "beauty."

How messed up, worms; and you cannot tell where who begins and where it ends. Mikhailovsky recommends Buckle; Notovich him popularizes and publishes in nine editions; v the same time he originally composes "beauty" and "love"; him collaborating "critic of the 60s", Mr. Skabichevsky, dear to the heart of N. Mikhailovsky; Pavlenkov publishes the same Boklya, and Eug. Solovyov writes a "preface" to him. Everyone is obviously "sympathetic to each other."

"This beauty is expensive," - said old man Marmeladov about his daughter: you need fudge, and this and that; without purity - in this position it is impossible ".

In 1891, N. Mikhailovsky asked me in response to the article "Why do we abandon the inheritance of the 60s and 70s?" - "why are you so unfounded refuse without bringing decisively no one fact. "He wrote then:

"In his article, Mr. Rozanov develops the idea that we, the older generation, understood such a complex creature as a person, - poor, flat, rude. He does not support his thought with a single factual proof, not a single quote, not even a single anecdote. It’s very easy to write like that, but it’s hard to convince someone of anything like that. I can even now, perhaps, write about some, for example, London picture gallery, to which I have never seen that there art is presented poorly, flat, rough. I can do the same with Danish literature, with Spanish industry, in a word, with any group of phenomena that I know little or nothing at all. And I am inclined to think that Mr. Rozanov knows very little of the legacy from which he so solemnly rejects. To the barefaced I can oppose Mr. Rozanov's opinion with an equally unfounded one. Never in our history has a person been understood so sublimely and subtly as in those ever-memorable 60s. There were, of course, hobbies and mistakes ... ", etc. (" Russkiye Vedomosti ", 1891, No. 202).

Now, having thrown this lump of worms in his face, where he himself "with Buckle" is swarming about "love" and "beauty" - I can answer, though late, but finally about the motives of the "refusal" in the 80s "from inheritance 60-70s ":

They forgot the fondant, gentlemen - they did not keep it clean: it smells very much.

And I can add, looking back at all Russian literature, from the archaic Kantemir and ... to the "third book" of "Struggle with the West" * by my kind and old friend - books that will probably have to lie on the shelves bookstores.

______________________

* By the way, in one place it is mentioned that "one of the glorious flock," Mr. N. Mikhailovsky, announced its author, that is, Mr. N. Strakhova, "a perfect insignificance"; he probably looked for "love" in her and found a doctor's prescription. I myself also remember how I read somewhere in his "Literature and Life" mockery of the fact that "Zarya", the magazine in which at one time published Ap. Grigoriev, N. Ya. Danilevsky and N. Strakhov - "did not know the subscribers at all", and the editors "tried to hide it from the public" in order to lure at least someone to subscribe to New Year... he even ads I have not forgotten about the subscription of a hostile magazine; even he reproached the organ of literature, already dying of indifference from society, which, however, published the best, most serious works on criticism and history, now recognized by all. "You were dying, - says the generous critic of the 70s, - you were dying - and you dared to pretend that your lungs were full of air" ...

______________________

To whom is "woe from wit" - in real life! And "to whom", on the contrary, "live well in Russia"? And whose, finally, little-human face is reflected in the "non-distorting mirror" of the great and sad satirist? ..

Who is specific, on name and patronymic called, about whom all this was written impersonally in our literature? To whom exactly

At ease, fun
Living in Russia?

And who is that "invisibly pouring" tears in her, about whom great artist wrote in his "poem" and forgot sign name?..

What a tragedy, what an ineffable tragedy is our life, our history, if it is in front of this suffering, tortured, crying face, placing the mirror of satire, our literature wheezes impudently and drunkenly:

There is no need to blame the mirror
- if the face is crooked

And it floods, bursts into uncontrollable laughter, more wild and brutal than what, in better days triumph of their, laughed at the memorable governor's ball of the gentlemen "one thicker" and "others are thinner."

The dead shadows and you, the living righteous, scattered across the bearish corners of Russia - I call you to witness: is that so?

Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov (1856 - 1919) - Russian religious philosopher, literary critic and a publicist, one of the most controversial Russian philosophers of the 20th century.