Associative row to the concept of Khlestakovism. Khlestakovism - what does it mean? How this comedy was created

They ask such questions that at least stand still fall. This is especially true of literature, which no one reads, but instead plays "dotka" or "votka". When the student finally needs to answer a question, he tries to find it on the Internet. On the site, the site you can find answers not only for the school curriculum, but also for street slang and prison argo. Add us to your bookmarks to periodically visit us for the light. Today we will talk about such a difficult question for an immature and young brain, this Khlestakovschina which means you can read it a little later.
However, before continuing, I would like to advise you to look at a couple of other articles on the subject of science and education. For example, what does it mean to bring to white heat; read about the Abolition of Serfdom in Russia; briefly about the Decembrist Uprising in 1825; the meaning of the phraseological unit Do not renounce the bag and prison, etc.
So let's continue what does Khlestakovshchina mean?

Khlestakovschina- this insignificance elevated to the absolute, this deceitful and impudent boasting and bragging, the quote is "The emptiness that has arisen to the highest degree"

Khlestakovschina- this term got into our everyday speech from the old Russian comedy "The Inspector General", the author of which is Gogol

Synonym for Khlestakovshchina: bragging, fanfare, bragging, bragging, fanfare, self-congratulation, bragging.

Khlestakov- this is a darling of fate, one of the "golden youth", he is the product of a bureaucratic regime, emptiness and the decline of a serf society, wasting the capital of his swindler-father

In his book, Gogol decided to laugh at what is actually worthy of all ridicule. In this comedy, he decided to bring together everything negative and bad that existed at that time in the Russian Empire. In this play in an acute degree exposed the politics of that era, as well as the vices that are inherent in most officials, both of that and our time.

For many contemporaries, this book, which describes a small provincial town, the embezzlement reigning in it, and complete arbitrariness was perceived as a symbol of the entire tsarist government.
In the comedy, the image of local officials is described with rather mean, but negative strokes. In fact, having fallen into this system of mutual responsibility, even the most honest person becomes a greedy and vicious world-eater. Although before Gogol, mots, liars, deceivers, red tape, braggart and rogues were ridiculed in various works. However, at that time, the image Khlestakova turned out to be very fresh and vibrant, even among world literature. Khlestakov's character included all of the above traits, so we understand that this person is a kind of collective image. This phenomenon was called "Khlestakovschina", which after years became a household name in narrow circles.

Khlestakov is the most ordinary person, who does not stand out from the crowd, but is overcrowded with ChSV. Like all young people, he tries to appear not who he is, constantly "throws dust in his eyes", he is impudent and complacent. As the author wrote, he is "a coward, and a bastard, and a liar." This person does not understand what good and evil mean, and therefore, without any mental anguish, he commits vile deeds. He deceives his interlocutors by telling what a high position he occupies in society.

Individual features " Khlestakovshchina"can be found in any city in Russia, they are inherent in many people.
If you look more closely, you can find an amazing thing, almost all the characters in this comedy bear the features of "Khlestakovschina". These include rudeness, deceit, the claim to education with noticeable ignorance, careerism, spiritual emptiness, meanness, cowardice, ambition.
In fact, such vices can be found even in the mayor, although in fact he is not a scoundrel. He just found himself in the place where money floats into his hands, and he cannot resist it. For him, bribery is part of the mechanism, it is a lubricant for state gears.
As in our time, this high-ranking official does not disdain anything, but prefers large sums. For example, he steals money from the state treasury to build a church, writing a false report that the church was burned down. In fact, he has been in this position for a long time, and he feels himself in it like a fish in water. Therefore, at first he does not worry that the inspector is going to come to them, hoping to hang him on the ears. However, he begins to be a great coward when he learns that an official from St. Petersburg has been living in the city for a week, and probably was able to find out a lot of things that were unpleasant for him.

As the saying goes, "two boots are a pair", that is, the mayor and Khlestakov molded from the same dough, they are both capable of rudeness, fraud and deceit.

The play also goes to the local nobility. These two noblemen by last name Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky, are a vivid collective image of officials of that time, they are liars, loafers, gossips, and part-time work as a kind of "word of mouth", telling everyone who has ears about local news.

In fact, "Khleskakovschina" includes all the negativity and vices of bureaucrats and functionaries. This phenomenon is well known to everyone, and despite the fact that in those days it was for the most part caused by the way of life of a feudal society, it lives and lives in our time. Therefore, we can say that Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" is not only not obsolete, but a very modern work, the meaning of which is very suitable for our time. Today we can conclude that such citizens as Khlestakov will live and flourish at all times.

After reading this short article, you learned what does Khlestakovshchina mean, and now you can answer this question without hesitation.

The image of Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, the protagonist of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General", is one of the most remarkable and characteristic in the writer's work, "the beloved child of his fantasy." In the image of a petty Petersburg official, Gogol embodied Khlestakovism, a special product of the Russian estate-bureaucratic system.

The comedy "The Inspector General" is a truly brilliant work: it contained such an explosive power that Russian drama had never known before. This work is a well-aimed prick in the most sore spot: the stupidity and ignorance of the people who are afraid of everyone and everything. There is not a single positive hero in this comedy - all the characters were severely criticized by the author. The main blow fell on the bureaucracy, represented in the comedy by a number of bribe-takers, fools and simply worthless people. Calling Khlestakov the main character, Gogol emphasized his special role in the play.

What is Khlestakovism? The name of this phenomenon, quite obviously, comes from the name of the main character of the work. Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is a young man, a rogue and a bastard, a lover of fun and for this reason constantly in need of money. By chance, in the county town where he arrived, he was mistaken for an auditor who had come to check the results of the activities of the city government. Imagine the surprise of the unsuspecting Khlestakov when local officials vied with each other to offer him money and patronize him in every possible way, seeking his favor. Having understood the situation, Khlestakov decides to use it for his own good. With the hint of his servant Osip, he enters the game offered to him, without trying to explain to others the erroneousness of the situation. With the help of convincing lies, he makes local officials tremble in front of his meaningless person and, as a curtain, retires as a winner, leaving the mayor and his entourage in the fools.

Khlestakov's way of thinking is typical for most of Gogol's characters: the illogicality, incoherence of his speeches and rampant lies are simply stunning. Perhaps some "devilry" is associated with the image of Khlestakov, the possibility of the impossible. Is it not an obsession that a respectable and experienced mayor takes a "trick" for a "significant" person. Moreover, the whole city, following him in a fit of insanity, bears tribute to the "inspector", begs for protection, tries to cajole this insignificant little man.

In creating the image of Khlestakov, Gogol somewhat deviated from the contemporary Russian and Western European literary tradition. Typically, the engine of intrigue in a comedy was a "rogue" seeking a goal. This goal could be both disinterested and selfish. Gogol, with his Khlestakov, completely broke with this tradition. Khlestakov did not set himself any goals of deceiving officials, if only because the goal and deliberate deception are incompatible with his character. As one of the first reviewers of the comedy P.A. Vyazemsky: "Khlestakov is a windy, but by the way, he may be a good fellow; he is not a bribe-taker, but a borrower ...". Meanwhile, the mayor and other officials prepared to see just the bribe taker. The subtlest comic action consists in the fact that innocence and stupidity all the time encounter trickery and cunning - and take over! It is to the lot of Khlestakov, who does not possess any intelligence, or cunning, or even an impressive figure, that unexpected success falls. And the officials seized with fear "whipped themselves" ...

Not the least role in the fact that Khlestakov so cleverly managed to deceive the officials was played by general fear. This is the impulse that drives all conflict in comedy. It is fear that does not allow the mayor and officials to open their eyes when Khlestakov, in self-delusion, unleashes such a stream of lies on them that a sane person can hardly believe. Each character, under the influence of fear, misinterprets the words of the other: the lie is taken as the truth, and the truth is taken as a lie. Moreover, it is not only Khlestakov who is lying uncontrollably - both the governor and the trustee of charitable institutions are recklessly lying, trying to present the farm entrusted to them in the most beneficial light.

The enchanting scene of lies at the mayor's reception most vividly outlines the desire inherent in Khlestakov to show himself, to play a role slightly higher than that intended by fate. From an employee who “only rewrites”, he grows in a matter of minutes almost to a “commander-in-chief” who “goes to the palace every day”. The homeric scale dazes those present: "thirty-five thousand couriers" rush at full speed to find Khlestakov - without him there is no one to run the department; the soldiers, at the sight of him, "make a gun": soup in a saucepan goes to him directly from Paris. In the blink of an eye, he builds and destroys a fantastic world - the dream of the modern mercantile age, where everything is measured in hundreds and thousands of rubles. Khlestakov's speech is fragmentary, but leaps forward at full speed. In his own eyes, he is already a hero-lover, charming mother and daughter, the mayor's son-in-law, a "significant person" who is humbly offered bribes. He starts to taste, more and more accustomed to the new role. If he shyly asks for a loan from the first visitor, he literally demands money from Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky.

And Khlestakov disappears in a special way - "like a deceitful personified deception ... God knows where." After all, this is just a mirage, a ghost born of a bad conscience and fear. In the grotesque form of the "silent scene", when officials learn about the arrival of a real auditor, its symbolic meaning is emphasized: the motive of punishment and supreme justice. All the pain of the writer was expressed in the comedy "The Inspector General": Gogol could not indifferently look at the abuses that reigned in the circle of officials. In this society, greed, cowardice, lies, imitation and insignificance of interests ruled, and people were ready for any meanness to achieve their goal. All this gave rise to such a phenomenon as Khlestakovism. Gogol, in the form of Khlestakov and the bureaucracy, reflected the eternal problems of Russia. He understood that he could not change anything, but at least he wanted to draw the attention of others to them.

Summarizing the characteristics of Khlestakovism, one can say in the words of Gogol himself that it is a nonentity, raised to the nth degree, "a vacuum that has arisen to the highest degree." This is a phenomenon caused by the political and social system in which Gogol himself lived. This is a symbolic, generalized image of a modern Russian person, "who has become all a lie, without even noticing it himself" ...

"The Inspector General" - the famous comedy by N.V. Gogol. Its events take place in a small county town. The ideological meaning of the comedy, indicated in the epigraph, is most clearly revealed in the images of officials.

They are depicted as vicious, as a whole, they represent one social type. These are people who do not correspond to the "important places" they occupy. All of them shy away from true service to the Fatherland, steal from the state treasury, take bribes or do absolutely nothing in the service. In each of the characters, Gogol also notes individual traits.

The imaginary "inspector" Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is the embodiment of thoughtless lies, a frivolous attitude to life and widespread human weakness - to ascribe to himself other people's affairs and someone else's glory. Khlestakov is an official from St. Petersburg. He serves in the department, has the lowest civilian rank - the collegiate registrar. The insignificant position of a copyist corresponds to the inner wretchedness of the hero. The author in "Remarks for Messrs. Actors" points out a characteristic feature of Khlestakov: "... somewhat silly, without a king in his head, an empty person." The hero's light, thoughtless attitude to life is already manifested in the fact that he treats the service without any zeal and zeal. Khlestakov's father is a landowner in the Saratov province. The hero lives at his expense. On the way to the family estate, he squandered all the money sent by his father. In Penza, Khlestakov finally lost at cards. In the county town of N, he was starving, could not pay for a hotel, had no money for the further journey, and thought: "Should I sell my pants?" Khlestakov's frivolity and carelessness to some extent even help him not to lose heart in absolutely hopeless circumstances, out of habit hoping for "maybe". Therefore, Khlestakov easily enters the role of an important person: he meets officials, accepts petitions, and begins, as befits a "significant person", to "scold" the owners for nothing, making them "shake with fear." Khlestakov is not able to enjoy power over people, he simply repeats what, probably, he himself experienced more than once in his St. Petersburg department. The hero lives for one day, does not set himself any specific goals, except for one: "After all, this is what you live to pick flowers of pleasure."

Khlestakov is unpredictable, goes with the flow, not thinking about the consequences of his words and actions. In this respect, the scene of the transformation of "his excellency" into a groom is interesting. Khlestakov, treated kindly by the attention in the mayor's house, unexpectedly remains alone with his daughter and immediately declares his love to her. The mayor's wife, who accidentally enters, drives out the "rival", and Khlestakov throws himself on his knees in front of his mother. Caught up by Marya Antonovna who suddenly ran in, he again finds himself in an absurd situation, but he carelessly gets out of it: he asks "mama" to bless them with Marya Antonovna "constant love".

From stupidity and frivolity "comes" another vice of the official - lies, thoughtless, without calculation. Khlestakov therefore deceived the mayor and district officials because he was not going to deceive anyone. Unexpected favorable circumstances lifted Khlestakov to unprecedented heights, and he came up with an "ideal" biography. Wine finally frees Khlestakov from self-control, and he becomes bolder in boasting. The flight of his reckless imagination is so impetuous that he utters phrases that are unexpected for himself. Khlestakov invents that he and Pushkin are "on a friendly footing", that he is the author of works of different eras and styles, and publishes the Moscow Telegraph magazine. An insignificant official in his speeches promotes himself to field marshals. He lies out of fear and out of a desire to be exalted in the eyes of his listeners.

Uyezd officials, also paralyzed by fear, hear what Khlestakov says, how he lies incredibly and now and then "checks", but they do not get the true meaning of what was said. Indeed, according to officials, even the most fantastic lie turns into truth in the mouth of a "significant person". This is how Khlestakov's famous hyperboles appear: "a watermelon costing seven hundred rubles", "soup in a saucepan came from Paris right on the ship", "thirty-five thousand couriers alone." The pathetic scribe brilliantly enters the role of an influential person and even intimidates officials: "The State Council itself is afraid of me ..." The hero utters a mixture of stupidity, nonsense and nonsense. The key words in his self-righteous exaltation can be called the following: "I am everywhere, everywhere .." Here in this Khlestakov is involuntarily right. As the author noted, "everyone, at least for a minute ... was or is being done by Khlestakov, but, naturally, he just doesn't want to admit it ..."

Khlestakovism is a common vice for the characters in the play. The desire to play a role even one step higher than the one that life has taken is the inner desire of both officials and ladies, and even Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky. Khlestakov turns out to be an idol because his shadow lives in each of the heroes. So, Bobchinsky has a single "lowest request" to Khlestakov: "... as you go to St. Petersburg, tell all the nobles there: senators and admirals ... if the Emperor has to do that, then tell the Emperor that it is Your Imperial Majesty." Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky lives in such and such a city. " Thus, he also, in essence, wants to "elevate" himself to the highest officials of the empire up to the sovereign. Trustee of charitable institutions Strawberry is a rogue and a rogue. In the hospital subordinate to him "they don't use expensive medicines", the sick are fed with cabbage, everywhere there is dirt and desolation, so that the sick resemble blacksmiths. However, Strawberry, like Khlestakov, also ascribes to itself non-existent dignities: "I can say that I do not regret anything and zealously perform my service." Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin is a bribe-taker, he knows nothing about cases: “I've been sitting in the judge’s chair for fifteen years now, but when I look into the memorandum, I’ll just wave my hand. Solomon himself will not allow what is true in it and what is not true ". Before the alleged auditor, he does not admit to abuses, but extols his merits: "For three three years he was presented to Vladimir of the fourth degree with the approval of his superiors." With the help of kinship with a "significant person" the mayor himself hopes to change his life for the better. The victory won, the danger eliminated flatter him, and he is unable to refuse the celebration, from self-praise: "Anna Andreevna, what birds we have become now! High flight ..." The rapprochement with Khlestakov opens the mayor the opportunity to "fit into the generals." And after the departure of the imaginary inspector, the mayor seems to continue to play the "Khlestakov" role - the role of a liar and a dreamer, instantly getting used to a new image: "Ah, damn it, it's nice to be a general!" Now his vanity knows no bounds: "Announce to everyone so that everyone knows ... I'm not marrying my daughter for some simple nobleman ..." Thus, Khlestakovism is typical for all officials, his demeanor and incentives are common to all heroes. Khlestakov contains the secret desires of people: to seem better than in reality, to exaggerate personal qualities, to overestimate their capabilities, to claim undeserved respect.

In the immortal comedy N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General", in addition to destroying the characteristics of the morals and aspirations of provincial officials, landowners and ordinary residents, is of absolute interest also the satirical depiction of the main character of this play - the false auditor Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov.

The phenomenon of this character lies in the fact that, without understanding and not realizing the situation, Khlestakov, nevertheless, plays the role of an inspector in front of the officials of the district town so brilliantly that it begins to seem as if he was really born to be a "state man", an official of "the highest hands ”, although upon closer examination his figure turns out to be empty and ordinary.

The arrival of Khlestakov falls on the owners of the district like snow on their heads and, as always happens when meeting a "tall" person, the opinion of officials about him is not formed from what they could actually see with their own eyes, taking a closer look at Khlestakov, but from their own ideas about the qualities of a dignitary sent with a special mission. Their confidence in the authenticity of the "auditor" is based on the fact that Khlestakov is cunning and cunning, and in his hands is the well-being of all district officials and landowners. They simply could not even imagine that he was an ordinary windbag and an actor.

It seems to me that one should not judge Khlestakov as a person capable of any direct evil or intentional intrigues. In fact, he is not at all dangerous to others and can only harm a fly. However, the behavior of Khlestakov expected by the district officials (this is how, in their opinion, the inspector from the capital should behave) prevents them from seeing in this person anything other than what they are determined to find in him.

For understanding the image and character of Khlestakov, it is very important that he lives and thinks in one moment, not conforming to either the past or the future. But it is precisely this quality that helps him to adapt so masterfully to the present moment, to play this or that role with the grace of a sophisticated actor.

The “remarks for gentlemen of the actors” at the beginning of the play also help to clarify the character of Khlestakov. In them, Gogol briefly but very accurately made it clear what exactly, in his opinion, should be hidden behind the image of Khlestakov - “a young man of about twenty-three ... somewhat silly and, as they say, without a tsar in his head, - one of those people who are called the wildest in the offices. " From the "remarks" we learn that Khlestakov "speaks and acts without any consideration ... unable to stop constant attention on any thought. His speech is abrupt, and the words fly out of his mouth completely unexpectedly. " However, the “remark” about the hero ends with a very valuable and accurate indication for the actor: “the more the actor performing this role shows candor and simplicity, the more he will win” - this character is sustained with brilliant skill and precision throughout the entire play.

As a literary character, Khlestakov is a collective type of a frivolous and superficially educated young man, an adventurer and an actor all rolled into one. In the speech of the hero, we now and then hear fashionable and vulgar French phrases, literary clichés, used to the place and out of place, which clog up speech. All this does not contribute to Khlestakov's authority in the eyes of the reader and viewer, and only emphasizes the spiritual and moral emptiness of his nature.

Placing such a bright and at the same time typical character in his brilliant comedy, Gogol achieved that the name of Khlestakov became a household name, and the word derived from him - "Khlestakovism" - began to denote unrestrained and shameless boasting, lies, posturing combined with mental and mental poverty.

What is Khlestakovism? (Based on Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General") The appearance of the comedy "The Inspector General" in 1836 caused an uplifting emotional feeling in the society. This spring gave the audience a meeting with a real masterpiece. More than 160 years have passed since then, but the comedy "The Inspector General" has not lost its relevance and sound today. You don't have to look far for examples. Let us recall the negative heroes of popular "police" serials than not the heroes of Gogol, who only became more cold-blooded and cruel. Gogol himself noted that Khlestakov is the most difficult character in the play. In the recommendations for the actor who performed this role, Gogol reveals the character of this character in depth. Khlestakov performed all his feats in the district town absolutely unintentionally. Khlestakov can be compared with a ballet dancer moving through the space of the play, he revives the course of the entire action, acts as a real engine of the plot development of the comedy. Khlestakov brilliantly played the role of auditor before the district officials, only by the middle of the fourth act he began to understand that he was being mistaken for a somewhat "statesman". What the false auditor feels like it seems to be nothing. Khlestakov's behavior amazes all officials of the district town. In their opinion, the auditor is very cunning and resourceful and you need to keep your ears open with him. Characteristically, it never occurred to anyone that Khlestakov was just a desperate liar. In each of the situations that arise, he behaves like a brilliant actor. One can imagine how difficult it was for a theatrical actor who played the role of Khlestakov for the first time, an actor playing an auditor. Khlestakov should not be regarded as an evil or cruel person. By itself, he is completely harmless, and those around him can make anything out of him, even incognito from Petersburg, and even with a secret prescription, even an insignificant metropolitan official. The peculiarity of Khlestakov's character, or rather the lack of character, lies in the fact that he has practically no memory of the past and thinking about the future. Khlestakov is focused on the present minute, and within this minute is able to achieve the highest artistry. He easily and even with some grace changes his appearance. Among the district officials entirely written off from nature, this completely fictional character makes an unforgettable impression. Probably, we can say that for the district officials such a terrible event as the arrival of the inspector from the capital looked like a kind of eerie, but interesting holiday. Khlestakov is terrifying to them and arouses their admiration for the fact that he does not look at all like a person capable of cruelly punishing the guilty. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol knew the life of the petty Petersburg bureaucracy well, "which allowed him to give in the image of Khlestakov an exaggerated and collective type of superficially educated fanfare. Khlestakov gladly uses for the sake of beauty the syllables picked up from someone and poorly understood French words, cliches of the then fiction. at the same time, there are vulgar expressions in Khlestakov's speech. Gogol made Khlestakov's remarks abrupt, this character is spiritually poor and completely unable to stop his attention on anything. circumstances, grows in their own eyes and the eyes of officials, is becoming bolder and bolder in boasting ... "The influence of the comedy" Inspector "on Russian society was enormous. The surname Khlestakov began to be used as a common noun. yours, lies, shameless bragging combined with extreme frivolity. Gogol managed to penetrate into the very depths of the Russian national character, having fished out the image of the false auditor Khlestakov from there. According to the author of the immortal comedy, every Russian person becomes Khlestakov at least for a minute, regardless of his social status, age, education, and so on.

> Compositions based on the work of the Auditor

What is "Khlestakovism"?

The main character of N.V. Gogol is Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov. The whole point of the play is aimed at revealing human vices, and the figure of Khlestakov is no exception.

For more comic and richness, the author gives the characters speaking surnames, so Khlestakov, according to the explanatory dictionary of Ushakov D.N., is a boastful insolent and gossip. And in the foreword by N.V. Gogol. characterizes Ivan Alexandrovich as a stupid person, empty "without a king in his head." He is not at all independent, he spends all the money on joys and entertainment, and then waits for handouts from his parents: “Father will send money to keep them - and wherever! a ticket, and then a week later, lo and behold, he sends a new coat to the crowded one to sell. " Like any dandy and dandy Khlestakov prefers all the best and is not ready to get by with the little things: "Hey, Osip, go see the room, the best one, but ask the best dinner: I can't have a bad dinner, I need a better lunch."

By chance, Ivan Alexandrovich finds himself in the right place at the right time. And thanks to his stupidity, the ability to show off, as well as the talent of convincing the authenticity of his lies, he manages to mislead all the officials of the county town. He does it so skillfully and ingeniously that even experienced rogues who managed to fool three governors believe in his authenticity, and besides, officials, Khlestakov himself believes in his lies!

It is absurd that, in fear of being exposed, representatives of the authorities do not notice Khlestakov's nonsense and lies: neither about friendship with Pushkin, nor about his artistic creative activity: “There are, however, many works of mine:“ The Marriage of Figaro ”,“ Robert the Devil ”,“ Norm". I don’t even remember the names ”, nor about the management of the department. None of those present even tries to convict him of a lie, and I swallow everything like bait. The stupidity of Khlestakov, who does not fully understand that he was simply mistaken for another person, is also surprising. And greed and vanity completely blind his pitiful essence, and only the sagacity of his servant allows him to get out of the situation dry from the water.

So, what is "Khlestakovism" - it is posturing, boasting, lies and the ability to blow dust in the eyes. Alas, such a person, although not much, lives in each of us. That is why the relevance of "The Inspector General" does not decrease from year to year, phrases from the play have long become winged, and interest in the work is only growing.