Sviyazev I.I. Roman Ivanovich Kuzmin Full text of the pre-revolutionary publication

In the very center of Athens, not far from the former royal residence (now the parliament building), there is a magnificent Byzantine-style temple, where services are often held in Church Slavonic. It has a long and interesting history.

Russian-Turkish War of 1828-1829 - the reason for it was the next uprising of the Greeks - ended with the Adrianople Peace, according to which Turkey recognized the independence of Greece, soon proclaimed a monarchy. However, the Bavarian Catholic dynasty that took the throne, hostile to Orthodoxy (King Otto I closed two-thirds of the monasteries), brought discord in the life of the Church of Greece and cared little for its welfare.

In 1833 the Russian government proposed to restore church relations with Hellas in order to "lay a firm foundation for the spiritual influence exclusively belonging to Russia and which, apart from us, no other Power can and should not have." In this regard, the Synod in St. Petersburg decided that a “Russian clergyman should be in Athens as a priest of our mission,” who was also responsible for distributing financial aid to poor churches and clergy and resisting the undermining of Orthodoxy. For the restoration of the temples destroyed by the Turks, 50 thousand rubles were allocated from the Russian treasury.

The agreement on the restoration of churches provided for the opening of a church under the Russian mission, for which 5800 rubles were allocated. Its staff included a priest, a deacon, two psalmists and eight singers. The construction of the sacristy and the iconostasis was taken over by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Initially, the Church of the Transfiguration of the XIII century, named after the ktitor, "Kotaki", in the Plaka quarter, which was restored in 1834-1837 with Russian funds, became the embassy church. Currently, in this temple, in the icon case, to the right of the altar, there are liturgical utensils - chalices, discos, ripids, which have survived from the "Russian" period, and on a marble plaque fixed on the outer wall, it is reported in Greek and English that the building "was renewed by the Russians in 1834".

Archimandrite, who had previously served in Italy, was appointed the first priest of the embassy church. Irinarkh (Popov), a wonderful preacher who ended his life in the rank of Archbishop of Ryazan. He arrived in Greece in September 1833, but two years later he was forced to return to his homeland for health reasons. Upon returning to his homeland, Fr. Irinarchus presented to the Synod an unusually valuable memorandum "General note on the state of the Church in the Greek kingdom", after reading which Nicholas I remarked: "A sad truth." After Irinarchus, he spent less than a year in Athens as an Athos priest. Anikita (Prince Sergei Alexandrovich Shirinsky-Shikhmatov), ​​known for his righteous life. He died in 1837 and was buried in the Greek Archangel Monastery (Moni-Petraki) near Athens. After the death of Anikita, a Greek priest, hierom, was invited to serve in the Russian church. Anatoly. In those years, GA Katakafis, the first envoy of Russia to Greece, was the headman (epitrope) of the Russian community.

In 1843 Archimandrite came to Athens as abbot. Polycarp, the former rector of the Smolensk Theological Seminary, who decided to arrange a separate church for a small Russian colony and in 1847 achieved the transfer of the ancient Byzantine temple "Likodim" (or "Nicodemus") to Russian diplomats. This building was believed to have been erected on the site of Aristotle's Lyceum. From the word "lyceum" (Greek: "lyceum"), allegedly, the name "Likodim" arose. Tradition claimed that the temple was built by Empress Eudokia, the wife of Theodosius the Younger (401–450), originally from Athens, but an inscription found at the site indicated a later time. The building, built by a certain Stephen Likos, was consecrated in the 11th century in the name of the Most Holy. Trinity. In the 15th-16th centuries it belonged to the Spaso-Nikodimovsky Monastery and was restored shortly before the conquest of Athens by the Turks. The Greeks often called this temple "Panagia (that is, the Most Holy) Likodima", and this name is widely used today. In the XIII century, after the conquest of part of Byzantium by the Crusaders, the temple was converted to Catholic. It is known, however, that during the Turkish yoke, as an Orthodox, he again acted at the monastery. During the 1701 earthquake, part of the walls and the fraternal building collapsed. When the Greek War of Independence broke out, two cannonballs hit the building in 1827, and it was badly damaged (the dome and the northeastern part collapsed), after which it stood "desolate and unclean." As an eyewitness wrote, “the quadrangle of walls, even and flat, like the four planks of a coffin, with the dome's neck barely protruding from it, was depressing to the soul. A whole third of the dome did not exist. Only the eastern wall of the altar remained intact. " On this wall, large fragments of Byzantine frescoes have survived, reminiscent of the paintings of Kiev Sophia.

The famous hierom. Antonin (Kapustin), a professor at the Kiev Theological Academy, who later asceticised in the Holy Land with great success, having arrived as the abbot in Athens, obtained permission from the Greek authorities to restore and rebuild the transferred Likodim church, begun in 1847. The scientific restoration was carried out by the court architect R. I. Kuzmin; his assistant was I. V. Shtrom, who also came from St. Petersburg. The work was financed by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On the spot they were taken care of by the Athenian engineer-lieutenant Tilemach Alassopulo. In 1849, work was suspended due to the war in Hungary, but resumed the following year. In the basements of the temple, Antonin conducted archaeological excavations.

During the restoration, the original plan of the building was preserved, later additions were eliminated and the laid openings were opened. The ancient frescoes have been carefully restored and complemented by works by the Munich artist Heinrich Thirsh, a connoisseur of Byzantine art. He "covered the entire central part of the church from floor to top of the dome with fresco icons in a golden field, trying to keep the ancient Byzantine style everywhere, but at the same time give it all the correctness, liveliness and naturalness of modern painting." The new frescoes depicted Athenian saints "in the name and glory of Athens itself." All the outer walls are decorated with elegant ceramic inserts.

According to an eyewitness, "the general color of the lower half of the church is brown, the upper one is red, the vaults are covered with blue paint with stars, in the lower part - silver, in the upper part - gold." These stars, like other stylized ornaments, were painted by the Italian painter Vincenzo Lanza. After restoration, the ancient cross-domed church became one of the best in the Greek capital and amazed the worshipers with its harmonious interior and rich picturesque decoration. The interior with a dome on eight columns and two rows of arches has often been compared to Tsargrad Sofia.

In the same style as the church, according to the drawing by archim. Antonina, a freestanding three-tiered bell tower was erected from yellow stone, red brick and white marble, imitating one Byzantine bell tower in Sparta. The bells were cast in Trieste at the Karl Miller factory, the largest - "Nicodemus" - weighed 280 pounds. In 1999, the bell tower was carefully restored at the expense of the Greek government. At the beginning of the 20th century, the area around the church was fenced off with a beautiful cast-iron lattice made in St. Petersburg, but later it was removed.

The French master Florimont Boulanger made three low iconostases and a throne from light Parian and Pentelian marble, decorating them with "rich relief and partially through carving and gilding." The Royal Doors were carved from mahogany according to Kuzmin's sketch. Academician P. M. Shamshin painted 18 images in oil on zinc in 1846 in the main iconostasis. Among the saints depicted are six Russians: three from northern Russia and three from southern Russia. In the side iconostases there are medallions, which represent the heavenly patrons of the family of Emperor Nicholas I. Rich utensils and vestments were brought from St. Petersburg. For the consecration of the temple, the Synod sent the altar Gospel in an expensive salary.

Because of his advanced age, the Metropolitan of Hellas and Attica, Neophytos, was unable to consecrate the Russian Church, and instead of him, after long delays, on December 6, 1855, Archbishop Theophanes of Mantinea and Kinuria did it. The main throne of the three-aisled temple was dedicated to the Most Holy. Trinity, left - right. Nicodemus, right - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Those gathered for the consecration were handed out silver crosses brought from Russia. For his "labors and diligence" Archimandrite Antonin received the Order of Anna, 2nd degree, Russian diplomats - the gratitude of the Synod, the Greek clergy - golden pectoral crosses.

After the consecration, water appeared in the basement of the church, which, as the excavations established, came from a filled up Roman cistern. The basement had to be drained so that the damp would not spoil the restored building. In 1885, leaks began in the temple, and the German architect W. Schiller decided to lower the ancient dome by half a meter. despite the protests of his colleague Ludwig Thirsch, the brother of the artist who painted the interior. Only in 1954 led. book Elena Vladimirovna, the wife of the Greek Prince Nicholas, who patronized the Russian community, achieved the restoration of the original Byzantine dome.

As a rule, archimandrites were sent from Russia to the church assigned to the embassy for three or four years. In 1890-1894, the rector of the church was Mikhail (Gribanovsky), the brother of Metropolitan Anastassy, ​​who was later famous in exile. Returning to Russia and becoming Bishop of Tauride, he acquired the glory of a spiritual writer, thanks to his book "Above the Gospel." Michael was replaced by Archimandrite for three years. Sergius (Stragorodsky), who during the Second World War was elected Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. The next abbot was Archimandrite. Arseny (Timofeev), the future bishop. Omsk and Pavlodar. In 1906-1909 he was Archimandrite. Leonty (Wimpfen), future new martyr, bishop. Enotaevsky. At that time, the number of Russian parishioners did not exceed 20 people. They were diplomats, employees of the local branch of the Russian Archaeological Institute and several ladies who lived in Athens. There were no services in July-August due to the heat.

When the revolution broke out in Russia, the church in Athens, which was directly subordinate to the Synod, was cared for by Archimandrite. Sergius (Dabich), who founded a Russian-Greek gymnasium, but in 1919 he left Greece for Italy, where he converted to Catholicism. Under him, the community, deprived of the aid of the Russian treasury, had to rebuild its life on a refugee basis. Archpriest became the rector. Sergei Snegirev, who headed the "Union of Russian Orthodox Christians in Greece" with the aim of "maintaining the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Trinity ". The Church was closely connected with the Union of Russian Emigrants in Greece, headed by Countess I.P. Sheremeteva. She also led the church sisterhood in the 1940-1950s.

When Greece recognized the USSR in 1924, the community separated from the embassy and joined the Athenian Archdiocese with the status of "paraklis", that is, a community with limited legal responsibility. This status was unsuccessfully attempted to be resisted by Russian émigré hierarchs, who considered such a situation "isolation", which was aggravated by the transition to a new style. In those years, until his death, the community was helped by E.P. Demidov Prince. San Donato (1868–1943), the last imperial envoy to Greece. In memory of her husband, his widow SI Demidova (nee Count Vorontsov-Dashkova, 1870–1953), a benefactor and commissioner of the Russian Red Cross Society, built a “Calvary” in the church. Recognizing the merits of the prince and his wife, they were buried at the walls of the temple.

Since 1924 Archpriest served as the rector. Georgy Karibov is from the Caucasus, after whose death in 1939 he became Archimandrite. Nikolay (Pekatoros) from Odessa Greeks. From 1952 to 1966, the parish was also cared for by a Russian Greek - Archimandrite. Elijah (Apostolidis), ordained in 1922 in Soviet Russia, where he was arrested four times. In 1927 he received permission to repatriate to Greece. The priest ended his life as Bishop Anatoly of Canada and Montreal. Since 1966, the archimandrite has been serving in the church. Timofey (Sakkas), also a native of Russia. He is at the same time the abbot of the monastery of the Holy Spirit (Paraclitou) in the town of Oropos-Attiki and is in charge of the affairs of the Russian cemetery in Piraeus. Father Timofey organized the production of soulful literature, which was distributed free of charge in Greece and in Russia. In recent years, he will be co-served by a second priest - Fr. Georgy Skutelis, who knows Russian.

In addition to the old ones, there are later modern icons in the temple. For example, in the vestibule there are four carved icon cases with icons of the Great Martyr. George the Victorious, Venerable Seraphim of Sarov, right. John of Kronstadt, New Martyr John of Russia. The parishioners remember the relics associated with the Queen of the Hellenes Olga Konstantinovna, who often visited the Russian church, although she had her own home church in the palace. This is a crystal chandelier and the image of St. blg. book Olga, as well as icons presented to the Queen by Russian sailors.

In 1955, during the work, in the eastern corner of the temple, a cemetery with an ossuary was discovered, where, according to old chronicles, Kiev citizens and monks, captured by the Tatars and sold at the slave market in Constantinople, were buried. The discovered remains were carefully transferred to the crypt of the church.

Through the efforts of the community in the late 1950s, on the eastern outskirts of Athens, on st. Ilektropoleu 45, a well-equipped four-storey house for elderly emigrants from Russia was built. There is a good library at the house, the funds of which include the book collection of the “Union of Russian Emigrants of Macedonia-Thrace,” which was closed in the late 1970s, and there is a small museum made up of the things of the deceased. In the garden of this almshouse in 1962, a small tent-roofed church of St. Seraphim of Sarov. The three-tiered gilded iconostasis of the 19th century was brought from an abandoned Russian monastery on Athos. In the church there is a particle of the saint's relics, donated by the Moscow Patriarchate.

The history of the church in Athens is inextricably linked with the Russian cemetery in the port of Piraeus, on st. Plato, which appeared at the end of the 19th century at the naval hospital founded by Queen Olga (her ashes rest in the cemetery of the former royal residence of Tata near Athens). Since 1904, the house church of St. equalap. book Olga, whose decoration was created with donations from officers of the Russian squadron stationed in Piraeus. The icons were brought from Kronstadt.

In the early 1960s, a small local Russian community ceased to exist, and now Greek chaplains serve in the temple. The church building, which retained its decoration, was taken over by the Greek Naval Ministry, which even earlier took over the hospital. Since 1917, for a long time, the rector of this church, subordinate to the ROCOR, was the energetic Archpriest. Pavel Krakhmalev, former Dean of the Russian Expeditionary Force in the Balkans.

At first, only Russian sailors and soldiers were buried in the cemetery (among them Lieutenant General Prince MA Kantakuzen), then - emigrants, among whom were clergy: Archpriest. Georgy Karibov, prot. John of Tours, rector of the Thessaloniki church (died 1956), archpriest. Konstantin Fedotov, the last rector of the Piraeus church (died 1959); officers of the tsarist army - Lieutenant Colonel G. A. Rudolph, Major General D. P. Enko, Lieutenant General V. A. Chagin and others. There are also Cossack graves, a large monument erected by the Athenian Cossack village reminds of them.

Roman Ivanovich Kuzmin(1811-1867) - Russian architect, professor of architecture, actual state councilor.

Biography

He studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts, as a pensioner of the Black Sea army, and graduated in 1832, with the title of class artist and with a small gold medal awarded to him for the "project of theological seminary." The following year, for the execution of another program: "The project of the estate of a rich landowner", he was awarded a large gold medal and soon after that he was sent abroad.

In European Turkey and Greece he studied the monuments of predominantly Byzantine church architecture, in Rome he was engaged in the restoration of Trajan's Forum and, having spent six years abroad in general, returned to St. Petersburg in 1840. For the work performed by him during this trip, he was awarded the title of academician, from which he was promoted to professor a year later, for the project of a building for a medical-surgical academy with clinics and other structures.

After that, Kuzmin served as a senior architect at the gof quartermaster office and, in this position, erected many buildings for the palace department, including several buildings for the Imperial stables, rebuilt and expanded the Gatchina Palace, participated in the rebuilding of the Singing Chapel (1857) and erected the city cathedral in Gatchina.

The most important buildings of Kuzmin, in which his artistic taste and knowledge of architectural styles were clearly expressed, are the church at the Russian embassy in Athens, the Orthodox cathedral on Daru street in Paris, the Greek embassy church in St. Petersburg (with the participation of architect F. B. Nagel ; has not survived) and a luxurious house built in the Renaissance style for Utin in the same place, on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. His last construction was a marble chapel near the Summer Garden.

In 1867, he was a full state councilor (from December 16, 1861), a member of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Railways and a senior architect of the department of His Majesty's Court office.

Awards

• Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree (1852)
• Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd degree (1858)
• Order of St. Anne, 2nd degree (1861; the imperial crown to this order was granted in 1865)

The buildings

St. Petersburg

• Shpalernaya street, no. 52 - the house of the court clergy. 1842.
• Chaikovskogo Street, no. 2, middle building - a court-servant's house. 1843-1844.
• Shpalernaya street, no. 35 - a court-servant's house. 1843-1847. Existing house included.
• Petrovskaya embankment, no. 6 - the case of the House of Peter I. 1844. (Expanded).
• Tchaikovskogo Street, no. 30 - the mansion of L. V. Kochubei. 1844-1846. Completed by G. A. Bosse.
• Stremyannaya street, no. 5 - an apartment building. 1850.
• Griboyedov Canal Embankment, No. 11 / Malaya Konyushennaya Street, No. 6 / Cheboksarsky Lane, No. 1 - the building of the Court Hospital. Restructuring. 1852-1857. (Rebuilt).
• 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya street, no. 3 - 5 - T. Tarasova's apartment building. 1858-1859. Together with K. K. Anderson and A. I. Lange.
• Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, no. 17 / Galernaya street, no. 20, right side / Zamyatin lane, no. 4 - IO Utin's tenement house. 1858-1860.
• Greek Square / Ligovsky Prospect, no. 6 - Greek Embassy Church of Demetrius of Thessaloniki (with the participation of architect FB Nagel). 1861-1866 (demolished in 1962 for the construction of the Oktyabrsky concert hall).
• Palace Embankment near the Summer Garden (1866-1867) - the chapel of Alexander Nevsky in memory of the rescue of Alexander II during the assassination attempt. (Not preserved).

Gatchina

• Reconstruction and expansion of the Gatchina Palace
• Cathedral of Saint Apostle Paul (Gatchina)

Moscow

• Yaroslavsky railway station (1859-1862, rebuilt)
• Ryazan Station (1863, construction was carried out by A.P. Popov; not preserved)

Kuzmin, Roman Ivanovich

Professor of Architecture; genus. in 1811, d. in 1867 he received his primary and higher art education as a pensioner of the Black Sea Army at the Academy of Arts, where he graduated from the course in 1832 with the title of class artist and the 2nd gold medal for the execution of a seminary project for 200 people. The next year, after completing the course at the Academy of Arts, Kuzmin received the first gold medal for the execution of the program "project for buildings for the residence of a wealthy landowner on his estate." This award gave Kuzmin the right to travel to foreign lands at the expense of the treasury, and in 1834 Kuzmin went abroad; after driving through European Turkey, he spent quite a lot of time in Greece, inspecting and studying the monuments of ancient art; from Greece traveled to Italy, to Rome. Here he was engaged in the restoration of Trajan's Forum. The Council of the Academy of Arts, upon considering his restoration project, found him to be excellent work and unanimously it was necessary to award Kuzmin the title of academician in architecture. In 1840 Kuzmin returned to Russia. With the termination of the pensioner's maintenance, Kuzmin was left completely without funds and was forced to ask the Academy's advice to request him, on the basis of the decrees existing at the Academy of Arts, support from the government, motivating his request by the fact that he had neither employment nor service. The Council of the Academy, in consideration of him as an artist who distinguished himself abroad for his art, determined to appoint Kuzmin a content for three years and appointed him to execute the project of the "Medical and Surgical Academy with an anatomical theater, clinic and botanical garden." Kuzmin fulfilled the program so successfully that in September 1841 the Academic Council decided: "Academician Roman Ivanov Kuzmin, known for his talents in architectural art, according to the program he executed: to submit a project to the Medical-Surgical Academy - to elevate to the rank of professor of architecture." The name of Kuzmin, as a talented and capable architect, became known. Soon he received the position of a senior architect at the goff-quartermaster's office and, in this position, erected many excellent buildings. First of all, he set up several buildings for the Imperial stables. The church of the Russian embassy in Athens, the Greek embassy church in St. Petersburg, Utin's house on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, the Russian church in Paris on Daru Street and, finally, his last building - a chapel near the fence of the Summer Garden, on the embankment - these are outstanding monuments of Kuzmin's architectural talent, talent large and distinctive. The main work of Kuzmin is his work in Gatchina: he rebuilt and significantly expanded the Gatchina Palace; according to his project, the Gatchina city cathedral was erected. In 1845, the council of the Academy decided that he would replace the department at the Academy of Arts for the period of K. Ton's absence. Kuzmin knew and understood styles very well; Possessing a delicate taste and a sense of grace, Kuzmin created extremely interesting projects, distinguished by extraordinary severity and grace of lines and proportions and expediency.

"Materials for the history of the Imperial Academy of Arts" P. N. Petrov, vols. 1, 2. - "Illustrated Newspaper", 1867, No. 46; "The Voice" 1867, No. 320 (feuilleton); "Russian Starina" 1875, v. 2, No. 5, pp. 151-158: "Enpiclopedic Dictionary" of Brockhaus and Efron, v. 32, p. 941.

(Polovtsov)

Kuzmin, Roman Ivanovich

(1811-1867) - a talented architect, studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts, as a pensioner of the Black Sea army, and graduated from it in 1832, with the title of class artist and with a small gold medal awarded to him for the "project of theological seminary." The following year, for the execution of another program: "The project of the estate of a rich landowner", he was awarded a large gold medal and soon after that he was sent to foreign lands. To Europe. In Turkey and in Greece he studied the monuments of predominantly Byzantine church architecture, in Rome he was engaged in the restoration of Trajan's forum and, having spent six years abroad in general, returned to St. Petersburg. in 1840, the works performed by him during this journey, immediately brought him the title of academician, from which he was promoted to professor a year later, for the project of a building for a medical-surgical academy. with clinics and other accessories. After that, he served as a senior architect at the goff-quartermaster office and, in this position, made many buildings for the palace department, among other things, erected several buildings for the Imperial stables, rebuilt and expanded the Gatchina Palace and erected the city cathedral in Gatchina. The most important creatures of K., which clearly expressed his artistic taste and knowledge of architectural styles, must be recognized as the church at the Russian embassy in Athens, the Orthodox church on the street. I present, in Paris, the Greek Embassy Church in St. Petersburg. and a luxurious house built in the Renaissance style for the town of Utina, in the same place, on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. His last construction was a marble chapel near the Summer Garden.

A. C-in.

(Brockhaus)

Kuzmin, Roman Ivanovich

prof. architecture, pupil and pensioner abroad I. A. X .; R. 1810; † 1867 November.

(Polovtsov)

Kuzmin, Roman Ivanovich

He graduated from the IAH in 1833 with the title of class. thin arch. In 1840, based on the results of a pensioner's trip, he was awarded the title of Academician. architect, in 1841 - professor. Designed for many cities in Russia and abroad. For Moscow, he developed projects for Yaroslavsky (1859-62, rebuilt) and Ryazansky (1863, not preserved) railway stations. In 1863, a corresponding member was elected. French Academy of Arts.

Source: RGIA, f. 789, op. 14, d. 109; GPB OR f. 708; Sobko.

Lit .: Russian biographical dictionary / ed. A. A. Polovtseva .: in 25 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1896-1916, v. "Knappé-Kuchelbecker", p. 530-531; Khomutetsky N.F. Materials for the biographies of architects S.L. Shustov and R.I. Kuzmin // Architectural heritage. - L. - M., 1955. - Issue. 7. - S. 197-214; Architects-builders of St. Petersburg in the mid-19th - early 20th centuries. Handbook / Ed. B. M. Kirikova. - SPb., 1996, p. 184.

Big biographical encyclopedia. 2009 .

He studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts, as a pensioner of the Black Sea army, and graduated in 1832 with the title of class artist and with a small gold medal awarded to him for the "project of theological seminary." The following year, for the execution of another program: "The project of the estate of a rich landowner", he was awarded a large gold medal and soon after that he was sent abroad.

In European Turkey and Greece he studied the monuments of predominantly Byzantine church architecture, in Rome he was engaged in the restoration of Trajan's forum and, having spent six years in general abroad, returned to St. Petersburg in 1840. For the work he performed during this trip, he was awarded the title academician, from which he was promoted to professor a year later, for the project of a building for a medical-surgical academy with clinics and other buildings.

After that, Kuzmin served as a senior architect at the gof quartermaster office and, in this position, erected many buildings for the palace department, including several buildings for the Imperial stables, rebuilt and expanded the Gatchina Palace, participated in the rebuilding of the Singing Chapel (1857) and erected the city cathedral in Gatchina.

The most important buildings of Kuzmin, in which his artistic taste and knowledge of architectural styles were clearly expressed, are the church at the Russian embassy in Athens, the Orthodox cathedral on Daru street in Paris, the Greek embassy church in St. Petersburg (with the participation of architect F. B. Nagel ; has not survived) and a luxurious house built in the Renaissance style for Utin in the same place, on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. His last construction was a marble chapel near the Summer Garden.

The buildings

St. Petersburg

• Shpalernaya street, no. 52 - the house of the court clergy. 1842.
• Chaikovskogo Street, no. 2, middle building - a court-servant's house. 1843-1844.
• Shpalernaya street, no. 35 - a court-servant's house. 1843-1847. Existing house included.
• Petrovskaya embankment, no. 6 - the case of the House of Peter I. 1844. (Expanded).
• Tchaikovskogo Street, no. 30 - the mansion of L. V. Kochubei. 1844-1846. Completed by G. A. Bosse.
• Stremyannaya street, no. 5 - an apartment building. 1850.
• Griboyedov Canal Embankment, No. 11 - Malaya Konyushennaya Street, No. 6 / Cheboksarsky Lane, No. 1 - the building of the Court Hospital. Restructuring. 1852-1857. (Rebuilt).
• 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya street, no. 3 - 5 - T. Tarasova's apartment building. 1858-1859. Together with K. K. Anderson and A. I. Lange.
• Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, no. 17 - Galernaya street, no. 20, the right side - Leonova lane, no. 4 - IO Utin's tenement house. 1858-1860.
• Greek Square - Ligovsky Prospect, no. 6 - Greek Embassy Church of Demetrius Thessaloniki (with the participation of architect FB Nagel). 1861-1866 (demolished in 1962 for the construction of the Oktyabrsky concert hall).

• Palace Embankment near the Summer Garden (1866-1867) - the chapel of Alexander Nevsky in memory of the rescue of Alexander II during the assassination attempt. (Not preserved).

Gatchina

• Reconstruction and expansion of the Gatchina Palace
• Cathedral of Saint Apostle Paul (Gatchina)

In St. Petersburg, Utin's house, built in the Renaissance style on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard in St. Petersburg.

Restoration of monuments Awards

Biography

The most important buildings of Kuzmin, in which his artistic taste and knowledge of architectural styles were clearly expressed, are the church at the Russian embassy in Athens, the Orthodox cathedral on Daru street in Paris, the Greek embassy church in St. Petersburg (with the participation of architect F. B. Nagel ; has not survived) and a luxurious house built in the Renaissance style for Utin in the same place, on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. His last construction was a marble chapel near the Summer Garden.

In 1867, he was a full state councilor (from December 16, 1861), a member of the Scientific Committee of the Ministry of Railways and a senior architect of the department of His Majesty's Court office.

Awards

• Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree (1852)
• Order of St. Stanislaus, 2nd degree (1858)
• Order of St. Anne, 2nd degree (1861; the imperial crown to this order was granted in 1865)

The buildings

St. Petersburg

• Shpalernaya street, no. 52 - the house of the court clergy. ...
• Chaikovskogo Street, no. 2, middle building - a court-servant's house. -.
• Shpalernaya street, no. 35 - the court-servant's house. -. Existing house included.
• Petrovskaya embankment, no. 6 - the case of the House of Peter the Great. ... (Expanded).
• Tchaikovskogo Street, no. 30 - the mansion of L. V. Kochubei. -. Completed by G. A. Bosse.
• Stremyannaya street, no. 5 - an apartment building. ...
• Griboyedov Canal Embankment, No. 11 / Malaya Konyushennaya Street, No. 6 / Cheboksarsky Lane, No. 1 - the building of the Court Hospital. Restructuring. -. (Rebuilt).
• 1st Krasnoarmeyskaya street, no. 3 - 5 - T. Tarasova's apartment building. -. Together with K. K. Anderson and A. I. Lange.
• Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, no. 17 / Galernaya street, no. 20, right side / Zamyatin lane, no. 4 - IO Utin's tenement house. -.
• Greek Square / Ligovsky Prospect, no. 6 - Greek Embassy Church of Demetrius of Thessaloniki (with the participation of architect FB Nagel). - (demolished in 1962 for the construction of the Oktyabrsky concert hall).
• Palace Embankment near the Summer Garden (-) - the Alexander Nevsky chapel in memory of the rescue of Alexander II during the assassination attempt. (Not preserved).

Gatchina

• Reconstruction and expansion of the Gatchina Palace

Moscow

• Yaroslavsky railway station (1859-1862, rebuilt)
• Ryazan Station (1863, construction was carried out by A.P. Popov; not preserved)

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Notes (edit)

Literature

• Russian Biographical Dictionary: In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. - SPb. , 1896-1918. - T. 9.
• Architects of St. Petersburg. XIX - early XX century / comp. V. G. Isachenko; ed. Yu. Artemyeva, S. Prokhvatilova. - SPb. : Lenizdat, 1998 .-- 1070 p. - ISBN 5-289-01586-8.
• List of civilian ranks IV class. Corrected on February 1, 1867. - SPb., 1867 .-- S. 431.
• Moscow architects of the time of eclecticism, modernity and neoclassicism (1830s - 1917): ill. biogr. dictionary / State. nauch.-issled. Museum of Architecture. A.V.Shchuseva et al. - M .: KRABiK, 1998. - S. 151. - 320 p. - ISBN 5-900395-17-0.

Links

• (2012)

An excerpt characterizing Kuzmin, Roman Ivanovich

- What should I ask? General Armfeld proposed an excellent position with an open rear. Or the attack by von diesem italienischen Herrn, sehr schon! [this Italian gentleman, very good! (German)] Or retreat. Auch gut. [Also good (German)] Why ask me? - he said. “After all, you yourself know everything better than me. - But when Volkonsky, frowning, said that he was asking his opinion on behalf of the sovereign, Pful stood up and, suddenly animated, began to say:
- They ruined everything, confused everything, everyone wanted to know better than me, and now they came to me: how to fix it? There is nothing to correct. We must do everything exactly according to the reasons I have outlined, ”he said, knocking his bony fingers on the table. - What is the difficulty? Nonsense, Kinder spiel. [children's toys (German)] - He went up to the map and began to speak quickly, poking a dry finger on the map and proving that no chance can change the expediency of the Drissa camp, that everything is foreseen and that if the enemy really goes around, then the enemy must inevitably be destroyed.
Paulucci, who did not know German, began to ask him in French. Wolzogen came to the aid of his principal, who spoke poor French, and began to translate his words, barely keeping up with Pful, who quickly argued that everything, everything, not only what happened, but everything that could happen, everything was foreseen in his plan, and that if there were now difficulties, the only fault was that not everything was fulfilled exactly. He incessantly laughed ironically, argued, and finally, contemptuously abandoned proving how a mathematician abandons the task of verifying in various ways the once proven correctness of a problem. Wolzogen replaced him, continuing to expound his thoughts in French and occasionally saying to Pfuel: "Nicht wahr, Exellenz?" [Isn't it, your excellency? (German)] Pful, as in battle a heated man strikes his own people, angrily shouted at Wolzogen:
- Nun ja, was soll denn da noch expliziert werden? [Well, yes, what else is there to interpret? (German)] - Paulucci and Michaud in two voices attacked Wolzogen in French. Armfeld spoke to Pfuel in German. Tol explained in Russian to Prince Volkonsky. Prince Andrew listened and watched in silence.
Of all these persons, the embittered, decisive and stupidly self-confident Pful was the most excited to take part in Prince Andrei. He is one of all those present here, obviously, did not want anything for himself, did not harbor enmity towards anyone, and only wanted one thing - to put into action a plan drawn up according to the theory he had developed over the years. He was ridiculous, was unpleasant for his irony, but at the same time he inspired an involuntary respect for his boundless devotion to the idea. In addition, in all the speeches of all the speakers, with the exception of Pfuel, there was one common feature that was not at the military council in 1805 - it was now, although hidden, but panic fear of the genius of Napoleon, the fear that was expressed in each objection. They assumed everything possible for Napoleon, they waited for him from all sides and his terrible name destroyed the assumptions of each other. Pfuel alone, it seemed, and he, Napoleon, considered the same barbarian, like all opponents of his theory. But, in addition to a sense of respect, Pful inspired Prince Andrei with a feeling of pity. From the tone with which the courtiers treated him, from what Pauluchi allowed himself to say to the emperor, but most importantly, from a somewhat desperate expression of Pful himself, it was clear that others knew and he himself felt that his fall was near. And, despite his self-confidence and German grumpy irony, he was pathetic with his slicked hair at the temples and tassels sticking out at the back of his head. Apparently, although he was hiding it under the guise of irritation and contempt, he was in despair because the only opportunity now to test on vast experience and prove to the whole world the correctness of his theory was eluding him.
The debate went on for a long time, and the longer it went on, the more disputes flared up, reaching shouts and personalities, and the less it was possible to draw any general conclusion from all that was said. Prince Andrew, listening to this multilingual dialect and these assumptions, plans and refutations and shouts, was only surprised at what they all said. Those thoughts, which had come to him for a long time during his military activity, that there is and cannot be any military science and therefore there can be no so-called military genius, now received for him a perfect evidence of the truth. “What theory and science could be in a matter in which the conditions and circumstances are unknown and cannot be determined, in which the strength of the war leaders can be even less determined? No one could and cannot know what the position of our and the enemy army will be in a day later, and no one can know what the strength of this or that detachment is. Sometimes, when there is no coward in front, who will shout: “We are cut off! - and will run, but there is a cheerful, brave man in front, who will shout: “Hurray! - a detachment of five thousand is worth thirty thousand, as at Shepgraben, and sometimes fifty thousand flee before eight, as at Austerlitz. What kind of science can there be in such a matter in which, as in any practical matter, nothing can be determined and everything depends on countless conditions, the meaning of which is determined in one minute, about which no one knows when it will come? Armfeld says that our army is cut off, and Paulucci says that we have put the French army between two fires; Michaud says that the inadequacy of the Drissa camp lies in the fact that the river is behind, and Pful says that this is his strength. Toll proposes one plan, Armfeld proposes another; and all are good and all are bad, and the benefits of any position can be evident only at the moment when the event takes place. And why does everyone say: a military genius? Is a genius the person who will have time to tell them to pick up the biscuits and walk to the right, to the left? Just because the military people are clothed with splendor and power and the masses of scoundrels flatter the authorities, giving it unusual qualities of a genius, they are called geniuses. On the contrary, the best generals I have known are stupid or absent-minded people. The best Bagration, - Napoleon himself admitted it. And Bonaparte himself! I remember his smug and narrow-minded face on the Austerlitz field. Not only genius and some special qualities are not needed by a good commander, but, on the contrary, he needs the absence of the best higher, human qualities - love, poetry, tenderness, philosophical inquiring doubt. He must be limited, firmly convinced that what he is doing is very important (otherwise he will not have the patience), and then only he will be a brave commander. God forbid, if he is a man, loves someone, regrets, thinks about what is fair and what is not. It is clear that from time immemorial the theory of geniuses was forged for them, because they are power. The merit in the success of military affairs does not depend on them, but on the person who shouts in the ranks: disappeared, or shouts: hurray! And only in these ranks can you serve with the confidence that you are useful! "