The most beautiful pictures of Russian artists. Pictures of great artists
In the XVII century, the separation of painting genres on "high" and "low" was introduced. To the first one was historical, battle and mythological genres. The second ranked genres of painting from everyday life, such as household genre, still life, animalism, portrait, nude, landscape.
Historical genre
The historic genre in painting is depicting a particular subject or person, but a certain moment or an event that took place in the history of past eras. He is included in the main genres of painting In art. Portrait, battle, household and mythological genres are often closely intertwined with historical.
"Conquest Siberia Ermacom" (1891-1895)
Vasily Surikov
In the historic genre, artists Nikola Poussin, Tintoretto, Eugene Delacroix, Peter Rubens, Vasily Ivanovich Surikov, Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev and many others.
Mythological genre
Legends, ancient legends and myths, folk folklore - the image of these plots, heroes and events found their place in the mythological genre of painting. Perhaps it can be allocated in painting of any people, because the history of each ethnos is fulfilled by legends and legends. For example, such a plot of Greek mythology, as the secret romance of the god of war Ares and the goddess of beauty Aphrodite depicts the painting "Parnas" of the Italian artist named Andrea Manteny.
"PARNAS" (1497)
Andrea Mantenya
Finally, mythology in painting was formed in the Renaissance Epoch. Representatives of this genre besides Andrea Manteny are Rafael Santi, Georgeon, Lucas Crane, Sandro Botticelli, Victor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov and others.
Battle genre
Battle painting describes scenes from military life. Most often, various military hikes are illustrated, as well as sea and land fights. And since these battles are often taken from real history, the battle and historical genres find their intersection point here.
Fragment of Panorama "Borodino Battle" (1912)
Franz rubu
Battle painting took shape in the times of Italian Renaissance in the works of artists Michelangelo Buonaroti, Leonardo da Vinci, and then Theodora Zheriko, Francisco Goya, Franz Alekseevich Roubo, Mitrofan Borisovich Grekova and many other painters.
Household genre
The scenes from the daily, public or private life of ordinary people, be something urban or peasant life, depicts a household genre in painting. Like many others genres of paintingThe household paintings are rarely found in self-form, becoming part of a portrait or landscape genre.
"Seller of musical instruments" (1652)
Karel Fabrichius
The birth of household painting occurred in the X century in the East, and it passed to Europe and Russia only in the XVII-XVIII centuries. Jan Vermeer, Karel Fabrichius and Gabriel Metsu, Mikhail Shibanov and Ivan Alekseevich Yermenhev are the most famous artists of household paintings at that time.
Animal genre
The main objects of the animal genre are animals and birds, both wild and homework, and in general, all representatives of the world of animals. Initially, animalism was part of the genres of Chinese painting, because first appeared in China in the VIII century. In Europe, animalism was formed only in the Renaissance era - animals were depicted at that time as the embodiment of the vices and virtues of a person.
"Horses in the meadow" (1649)
Paulus Potter
Antonio Pisanello, Paulus Potter, Albrecht Durers, France Sneders, Albert Cape - Major Animalist Representatives in Fine Arts.
Still life
In the genre, still life depict objects that surround a person in life. These are inanimate objects combined into one group. Such items may belong to one genus (for example, only fruits are depicted in the picture), and can be heterogeneous (fruits, objects of dishes, musical instruments, flowers, etc.).
"Flowers in a basket, butterfly and dragonfly" (1614)
Ambrosius Boshart Elder
Still life as an independent genre took shape in the XVII century. Especially allocate Flemish and Dutch school of still life. In this genre, representatives of various styles wrote their paintings, from realism to cubism. Some of the most famous still lifes wrote painters Ambrosive Boshart senior, Albertus Ion Brandt, Paul Cesanne, Vincent Van Gogh, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Villem Clas Heba.
Portrait
Portrait is a genre of painting, which is one of the most common in visual art. The purpose of the portrait in painting is to portray a person, but not just his appearance, and also transfer the inner feelings and the mood portrayed.
Portraits There are single, paired, group, as well as a self-portrait, which sometimes is distinguished by a separate genre. And the most famous portrait of all time, perhaps, is the picture of Leonardo da Vinci called "Portrait of Mrs. Liza Del Jocondo", well-known as "Mona Lisa".
"Mona Lisa" (1503-1506)
Leonardo da Vinci
The first portraits appeared another millennium ago in ancient Egypt - these were images of Pharaoh. Since then, most artists have tried themselves in some way or otherwise in this genre. Portrait and historical genres of painting can also intersect: the image of a great historical person will be considered a work of the historic genre, at least at the same time will transfer the appearance and character of this person as a portrait.
Nu
The goal of Nude is an image of a naked human body. The Renaissance period is considered the moment of the emergence and development of this type of painting, and the main object of painting then most often became the female body, which embodied the beauty of the era.
"Rural Concert" (1510)
Titian
Titian, Amedeo Modigliani, Antonio Yes Corredjo, Georgeon, Pablo Picasso are the most famous artists who wrote pictures in the genre of Nu.
Scenery
The main theme of the landscape genre is nature, the environment - the city, rural or wilderness. The first landscapes appeared in antique times when painting palaces and temples, creating miniatures and icons. As an independent genre, the landscape is drawn up in the XVI century and since then is included in the most popular genres of painting.
He is present in the work of many painters, starting with Peter Rubens, Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasova, Eduard Mana, continuing to Isaac Ilyich Levitan, Pitom Mondrian, Pablo Picasso, George Marriage and ending with the many modern artists of the XXI century.
"Golden Autumn" (1895)
Isaac Levitan
Among the landscape painting, such genres can be distinguished as marine and city landscapes.
VERITE
The lead is a landscape, the purpose of which is to portray the type of urban area and transfer it to beauty and flavor. Later, with the development of industry, the city landscape goes to the landscape of industrial.
"Square of St. Mark" (1730)
Kantelta
You can rate urban landscapes, having acquainted with the works of Cantelto, Peter Breygel, Fedor Yakovlevich Alekseeva, Sylvester Feodosievich Shchedrin.
Marina
Seascape, or Marina depicts the nature of the marine element, its greatness. The most famous artist marinist in the world, perhaps, is Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, whose picture "The Ninth Val" can be called a masterpiece of Russian painting. Marina's flourishing took place simultaneously with the development of the landscape as such.
"Sailboat during a storm" (1886)
James Battersworth
Katsusik Hokusai, James Edward Battersworth, Alexey Petrovich Bogolyubov, Lion Feliksovich Lagorio and Rafael Montleon Torres, are also known for its marine landscapes.
If you want to learn more about how the painting genres in art arose and developed, see the following video:
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"Every portrait written with feeling, in essence, portrait of the artist, and not the one who posted him" Oscar Wilde
What is needed in order to be an artist? Simple imitation of work can not be considered art. Art is what goes from the inside. The author's idea, excitement, searches, desire and sadness, which are embodied on the artist's canvas. In the history of mankind, hundreds of thousands are written, and maybe millions of paintings. Some of them, indeed, masterpieces, are known worldwide, even people who are not related to art know. Is it possible among such paintings to allocate 25 of the most outstanding? The task is very complicated, but we tried ...
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25"Constancy of memory", Salvador Dali
Thanks to this picture, Dali became famous in a rather young age, he was 28 years old. The picture has a few more names - "Soft Watch", "Memory Hardness". This masterpiece attracted the attention of many art historians. Basically, they were interested in the interpretation of the picture. It is said that the idea of \u200b\u200bthe canvas was linked to Einstein's theory of relativity.
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24"Dance", Henri Matisse
Henri Matisss was not always an artist. He found love for painting after receiving a degree in the field of jurisprudence in Paris. He studied art so Ryano, which became one of the greatest artists in the world. This picture has very little negative criticism of art historians. It reflects the combination of pagan rituals, dance and music. People are dancing in the trance. Three colors - green, blue and red, symbolize the earth, sky and humanity.
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23"Kiss", Gustav Klimt
Gustava Climt was often criticized for nudity in his paintings. "Kiss" was noticed critics, as all forms of art merged in it. The picture could be the image of the artist himself and his beloved, Emilia. Climt wrote this cloth under the influence of the Byzantine mosaic. Byzantines in their paintings used gold. Similarly, Gustav Klimt mixed gold in his paints to create his own painting style.
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22"Sleeping Gypsy", Henri Rousseau
No one, besides Russian himself, could not describe this picture better. Here is his description - "The nomadic Gypsy, who sings his songs under the mandolin, sleeps on Earth from fatigue, next to her jug \u200b\u200bwith drinking water. The lion passing by, approached to sniff her, but did not touch. Everything is flooded with moonlight, very poetic atmosphere. " It is noteworthy that Henri Russo is self-taught.
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21"Scary Court", Jerome Bosch
Without unnecessary words - the picture is simply gorgeous. This triptych is the largest of the preserved Bosch's canvases. On the left sash shows the story of Adam and Eve. The central part is a "terrible court" from Jesus - who should go to heaven, and who should go to hell. The land that we see here is burning. On the right sash depicted a disgusting image of hell.
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20
Another sign of Narcissus from Greek mythology is a person who was obsessed with his appearance. Dali wrote his own interpretation of Narcissa.
The story is such. Beautiful young man Narcissus easily broke the heart to many girls. The gods intervened and to punish him, showed him his reflection in the water. Narcissus fell in love with himself and eventually died, because it could not hug herself. Then the gods regretted that they did it with him, and decided to perpetuate him in the form of a Narcissa flower.
On the left side of the picture, a daffodil looks at its reflection. After that, he fell in love with himself. The right panel shows events deployed after, including the resulting flower - Narcissus.
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19
The plot of the paintings is based on the biblical beating of babies in Bethlehem. After the birth of Christ became aware of the Magivov, King Herod instructed to kill all young male children and babies in Bethlehem. The painting of the slaughter is at his peak, the last few children who took away from mothers, are waiting for their merciless death. Also visible the corpses of children for whom everything is already behind.
Through the use of rich color gamut, the picture of Rubens has become a world famous masterpiece.
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18
The work of the midfield is very different from other artists. He placed his cloth on Earth and moved around the canvas and walked on it, dripping paint on top of the canvas with sticks, tassels and syringes. Thanks to such a unique technique in the artistic circles, he was called "Jack Sprinkler". For some time, this picture kept the title of the most expensive painting in the world.
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17
Also known as "Dancing in Le Moulin de La Gaette." This picture is considered one of the most joyful Renoara paintings. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture is to show the audience the fun side of Parisian life. With a detailed study of the picture, you can see that Renoir placed several of his friends on the cloth. Since the picture seems slightly blurred, at first it was criticized by the Renoire contemporaries.
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16
The plot is taken from the Bible. In the picture "The Last Supper" depicts the last dinner of Christ to arrest. He just spoke with his apostles and told them that one of them would betray him. All the apostles are saddened and tell him that it is, of course, not they. It was this moment that beautifully depicted da Vinci thanks to his lively image. Great Leonardo took four years to finish this picture.
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15
"Water Lilies" Monet can be found everywhere. You probably saw them on wallpaper, posters and art journal covers. The fact is that Monet was obsessed with lilies. Before he began to draw them, he raised countless flowers. Monte built a Japanese-style bridge in his garden over a pond from lilies. He was as satisfied with what he had that he painted this plot seventeen times for one year.
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14
In this picture there is something ominous and mysterious, an aura of fear is felt around her. Only such a master, as Munch was able to portray fear on paper. Munk made four versions of the "scream" of oil and in the Pastel technique. According to the records in the Mink's diary, it is rather obvious that he himself believed in death and spirits. In the picture "Creek" he depicted himself at the moment when one day, walking with friends, felt the fear and excitement, which wanted to draw.
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13
The picture, which is usually referred to as the motherhood symbol, should not be. It is said that the Wistler model, which was supposed to pose for the painting, did not come, and he decided to draw his mother instead of her. It can be said that the sad life of the artist's mother is depicted here. This mood is due to dark colors that are used in this picture.
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12
Picasso met Dora Maar in Paris. It is said that she was intellectually closer to Picasso than all his previous mistresses. Using cubism, Picasso was able to transfer the movement in its work. It seems that the face of Maar turns to the right, to the face of Picasso. The artist made the presence of a woman almost real. Maybe he wanted to feel that she was always there.
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11
Van Gogh wrote a "starry night" being on the treatment, where he was allowed to draw only during the improvement of the condition. Previously, in the same year he cut off the lobe of the left ear. Many considered the artist insane. From the entire collection of works by Van Gogh "Starry Night" received the greatest fame, perhaps due to unusual spherical light around the stars.
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10
In this picture, Mane recreated "Venus Urbinskaya" Titian. The artist had a bad fame, depicting prostitutes. Although the Lord at that time visited the curtisanoks quite often, they did not think that someone would take into the head to draw them. Then for artists it was preferable to draw pictures on historical, mythical or biblical topics. However, mana, going on a criticism, demonstrated to the audience their contemporary.
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9
This picture is a historic cloth, which shows the conquest of Napoleon of Spain.
Having received an order to the paintings, reflecting the struggle of the People of Spain with Napoleon, the artist did not draw the heroic-pathetic canvases. He chose the moment of execution of the Spanish rebels by French soldiers. Each of the Spaniards is experiencing this moment in their own way, someone has already come true, and for someone the main battle only has come. War, blood and death, that's what Goya actually depicted.
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8
It is believed that the depicted girl is the eldest daughter of Vermeer, Maria. Her features are present in many of his works, but they are difficult to compare. The book with the same title wrote Tracy Chevalé. But the version of who is depicted in this picture, the Tracy is completely different. She claims that she took this topic, because about the Vermere and his paintings there are very little information, and specifically the mysterious atmosphere effects from this picture. Later, the film was filmed by her novel.
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7
The exact name of the picture "Speech by Rifle Company Captain France Bannang Coca and Lieutenant Villem Van Rytenbürga". Stretch society was a civil militia that was intended to protect the city. In addition to the militia, Rembrandt added several unnecessary people into the composition. Considering that during the writing of this picture, he bought an expensive house, it may well be true that he received a huge fee for the "Night Watch".
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6
Although the picture is the image of Velasquez himself, it is not a self-portrait. The main heroine of the canvas - Infanta Margarita, the daughter of King Philip IV. Here is a moment when Velasquez, working on the portrait of the King and Queen, is forced to stop and look at the Infanta Margarita, which just entered the room along with his retinue. The picture looks almost alive, awakening in the audience curiosity.
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5
This is the only picture of Bruegel, which was written by oil, and not by tempera. So far, there are doubts about the authenticity of the picture, mainly for two reasons. First, it did not write with oil, and secondly, recent studies have shown that under the layer of painting contains a schematic drawing of poor quality that does not belong to Bruegel.
The picture shows the history of Ikara and the moment of his fall. According to myth, Ikara feathers were attached with wax, and since Ikar rose very close to the sun, the wax melted and he fell into the water. This landscape was inspired by Wicthene Hugh Oden, write his most famous poem on the same topic.
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4
Athens School, perhaps the most famous fresco of the Italian artist of the Renaissance, Rafael.
On this fresco, all great mathematicians, philosophers and scientists have gathered in the Athenian school under one roof, they share their theories and learn from each other. All heroes lived at different times, but Rafael placed them all in one hall. Here are some of the figures - Aristotle, Plato, Pythagoras and Ptolemy. Upon closer look, it can be seen that there is in this picture and self-portrait of Rafael himself. Each artist would like to leave his trail, the only difference lies in the form. Although he considered himself one of these great figures?
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3
Michelangelo never considered himself an artist, he always thought about himself more as a sculptor. But, he managed to create an amazing exquisite fresco, in front of which the whole world is reverent. This masterpiece is located on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. Michelangelo received an order to draw several biblical stories, one of which is the creation of Adam. In this picture, the sculptor in Michelangelo is visible. Adam's human body is transmitted with incredible accuracy with bright colors and an accurate muscle shape. So, with the author you can agree, after all, it is more sculptor.
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2"Mona Lisa", Leonardo da Vinci
Although this is the most studied picture, "Mona Lisa" still remains the most mysterious. Leonardo said that he never stopped working on it. Only his death, as they say, completed work on the cloth. "Mona Lisa" is the first Italian portrait on which the model is depicted to the belt. Leather Mona Lisa seems to be lit due to the use of several layers of transparent oils. Being a scientist Leonardo da Vinci applied all his knowledge to make the image of the Joconday realistic. As for the one who is depicted in the picture, it still remains a mystery.
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1
The picture shows Venus, the goddess of love floating on the shell in the wind, which is inflated by the marshmallow, the God of the Western Wind. On the shore, Ora meets, the goddess of the seasons, she is ready to dress a newborn deity. Model for Venus is considered Simoneette Catanao de Vespucci. Simonetta Cattaneo died at 22, and Botticelli wished to be buried next to her. With her, he was associated with unrequited love. This picture is the most exquisite work of art, from ever created.
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Conclusion
It was an article Top 25 most famous paintings in the world. Thanks for attention!
Let us now remember the most famous paintings of the world. This theme on one side is very simple, and on the other - the insanely difficult. After all, in the entire history of mankind on Mother Earth in different centuries, a lot of brilliant painters who left their immortal masterpieces were born in different countries.
I would not really want to immediately go around the attention of any great artist. But within the framework of this article we will try to talk only about those works that are familiar not only to true connoisseurs of beautiful, artists and art historians, but also the absolute majority of the most simple inhabitants of our planet.
Such, for example, are some paintings da Vinci, Raphael, Botticelli, Van Gogh, Salvador Dali, Karl Bryullov, Aivazovsky, Kustodiev, and others. Their works are printed on calendars, in magazines, books and textbooks, are made by huge circulations in the form of reproductions, Constantly flash on the TV screens. In essence, they are familiar with us since childhood.
Picturesque Leonardo Da Vinci
The conversation about the most famous paintings of the world is unthinkable without mentioning the world's world as the famous "Jokonda", "Madonna Litta", "Lady with the mountain", written by the Great Leonardo da Vinci. From this list, the first two names are especially allocated. The beautiful and mysterious "Mona Lisa" is already many centuries, with a unique smile on the lips, calmly looking at the vanity of this world - is there anyone among civilized people at least one who would never have seen this picture?
It is believed that Lisa Gerardini is considered on the canvas - a modest spouse of a certain rich Florentine merchant named Francesco Del Jocondo. Now you know where the portrait is "Joconda"? And the picture was written was approximately in 1503-1505. Today, her invaluable script can be seen in the louvre. There, the portrait hanging, protected by a thick bulletproof glass and a lot of people always crowind around it. And it is not surprising, because people have not been able to unravel the secret of the smile of this lady.
Pictures da Vinci are priceless all to one, they are impossible to buy even for very much money. But there is a special work among his work - it is a picturesque fresco "Last Supper". Its creation time: 1495-1498, but she was written by a master for the order of the Church in the refectory monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazia, which is located in the deslava Italian city of Milan. The plot depicts one of the most important events in the history of mankind - the last evening meal of Christ with his twelve pupils. Large luck that restorers managed to maintain the mural to our times, because Widely known is the fact that during work on it, Leonardo was engaged in experiments with paints and soil coating of the wall, which later led to the rapid destruction of the colorful layer.
Works of Rafael Santi
The next artist, about which without exaggeration to say that he left behind the most famous paintings of the world - this is, of course, Rafael Santi - a painter who lived in Italy from 1483 to 1520. One of his most famous and popular works is considered one of the most advanced and amazing pictorial creations created ever hand.
Another famous creation of the master is a huge (770 per 500 cm) fresco "Athens School", adorning one of the frontal halls of the Vatican Palace. Among the many figures of the picture you can see such great thinkers of humanity, like Pythagoras, Epicur, Socrates, Diogen, Aristotle, Plato. Among the philosophers Rafael depicted himself, as well as his beautiful beloved Margeryit.
Unsurpassed Botticelli
What do you think, what works are the following works on the list "Pictures of the most famous artists"? These are stunning and unearthly work Sandro Botticelli. We call only two of his creations, who are familiar to everyone: "Birth of Venus" and a canvas, on which the famous three graces are depicted - "Spring". And the one, and the other picture are a hymn female beauty. No other master was able to learn to capture so captive and poetic female images in the colors.
The artist's muse was a young beautiful Florenty, the beloved Juliano Medici - it is her tender perfect features that look at us from the depths of centuries.
Cloths impressionists
Well, now it's time to remember about impressionism. This artistic direction originated in France at the end of the 19th - early 20th centuries. Artists working in this manner, a lot and creativity of each of them deserves a separate conversation. In this article, we will talk about the most famous pictures of Monet, who stood at the origins of impressionism and is considered one of its founders. The work of this master is included in the collection of the largest museums of Paris, Berlin, St. Petersburg and other cities in the world.
The general public is familiar with such pictures of Claude Monet, as "pond with and pita". The artist has written many options for work on these motifs.
Van Gogh - artist, whose paintings are the most expensive in the world
Van Gogh was perhaps the most efficient artist in the history of mankind. His legacy is about 800 picturesque works and countless figures. The most famous is, perhaps, "sunflowers". It is known for certain that the master was written 7 still lifes from this series. But, only 5 lived to this day, and each picture is assessed as the most expensive diamond. Just think: during the life of Van Gogh managed to sell only one of his work, and that is for the sowing pennies, and now the cost of his paintings at auctions beats all records.
Another most famous picture of Van Gogh is an exquisite fantastic cloth "Starry Night". This work is so popular that today on the Internet you can find even its animated option. Painting Van Gogh is so talented and original that even in the form of reproductions it can be considered infinitely.
Dreams captured on canvas
Speaking about the most famous paintings of the world, it is impossible not to mention the creativity of the founder of Surrealism Salvador Dali. It is believed that the most popular pictorial work of the artist is the "constancy of memory", which depicts a watch in the form of symbols of an infinite flow of time. The deserted coast is alone symbolizes the emptiness, which, according to Dali, he often felt inside himself.
However, this is not the only popular product of a surrealist. The pictures of "Atomic Leda", "Premonition of the Civil War", "Flaming Giraffe", "Sleep" can be considered no less well known.
The most famous Russian paintings
Until now, the pictorial canvas of foreign craftsmen mentioned in our article. Meanwhile, there are many paintings written by our great compatriots who are very popular around the world. There were always many talented artists in Russia. And if many masterpieces of world painting see in the middlewall, in view of the fact that they are abroad, then the original of the Russian painters we can see in many museums of our country, for example, in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.
Here are the pictures of the Tretyakov, the most famous, as we have and abroad: "Three heroes" (V. Vasnetsova), "Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan" (I. Repin), "Demon Sitting" (M. Vrubel), "The phenomenon of Christ to the people (A. Ivanov)," Girl with Peaches "(I. Repin)," Morning in the Pine Forest "(I. Shishkin)," Moscow Dvorik "(V. Polenov)," Graci flew ", etc.
Kustodiyevsky beauties
Separately, I would like to talk about the works of the famous Russian artist Boris Kustodiev - no one else was able to talk so delicious and beautifully to tell the painting by Russian life, about the mysterious Russian soul. Which of us did not admire the pretty beauty for a samovar ("Kupchayha for tea") or a full-blooded young lady in a village Banke ("Russian Venus") in a rustic health and youth.
Here are another names of some popular works of the original painter: "Winter", "Potret Fedor Shalyapin", "Senokos", "Kupchikha with purchases", "Fair", "Buckulcher", "Maslenitsa".
"Malevich's black square
We briefly told about some of the most famous Russian paintings, but it would be wrong to finish the article, without writing anything about one of the most controversial and ambiguous works that came to the light from the brush of one of the outstanding Russian artists. We are talking about the "black square" Kazimir Malevich - the founder of the direction in painting under the name "Suprematism". And although Malevich wrote a lot of paintings for his long creative life, but all this work was most memorized.
There are several variants of the Black Square. They can be seen in the Tretyakov Gallery, Hermitage and the Russian Museum. The price of these works is enormous, according to experts, today it can reach up to 80 million dollars.
Conclusion
It is a pity that in this short review failed to tell about the world masterpieces of Rembrandt, Rubens, Karl Bryullov, Pablo Picasso, Gauguin fields and other beautiful creators. Their work is worthy of attention at no less.
The names and creativity of these artists will be known for centuries.
10 Leonardo da Vinci (1492 - 1619)
Leonardo Di Sum-Piero Da Vinci entered the story as an outstanding architect, inventor, researcher, philosopher, mathematician, writer, musician, and, of course, the artist. His masterpieces "Mona Lisa" and "Last Supper" are known worldwide. It is also noted by his merits in other sciences - in geology, astronomy and anatomy.9 Rafael Santi (1483 - 1520)
Italian Rafael Santi, a representative of the Renaissance era (end of the XV - the beginning of the XVI centuries), was one of the greatest painters and architects. One of his famous works - "Athens School" is now in the Vatican, in the Apostolic Palace. Rafael's name stands next to the names of the great artists of the era, such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.
8 Diego Velasquez (1599 - 1660)
Diego de Silva-I-Velasquez is known for his portraits. The Spanish painter became popular thanks to a large number of works depicting royal family, historical events and famous European personalities, which deserved to be considered one of the symbols of the golden eyelid painting. Velasquez worked on his paintings at the courtyard of King Philip Fourth, drawing his most famous picture of "Menin", depicting his family.
7 Pablo Picasso (1881 - 1973)
The compatriot of Diego Velakes Picasso made an invaluable contribution to the visual arts of the twentieth century. He laid the beginning of a completely new direction in painting - cubism. His painting and sculpture gave him the title of the best and "most expensive" artist in the last century. The amount of his work is not read - it is measured in tens of thousands.
6 Vincent Van Gogh (1853 - 1890)
The sixth place in the ranking was taken by the well-known painter Vincent Villem Van Gogh from the Netherlands. Unfortunately, his fame, as one of the most outstanding post permissions, he acquired after his death. Its works are distinguished by a unique, recognizable style. Painting Van Gogh: landscapes, portraits and self-portraits - are valued incredibly high. For his life, Vincent Van Gognappisal more than 2100 works, among them especially allocate its series of works "Sunflowers".
5 Michelangelo (1475 - 1564)
The Italian Michelangelo Buonaroti brilliantly became famous for his works in sculpture, painting, architecture. He is also a famous philosopher and a poet, which has enormous influence on the entire culture of mankind. The creations of Michelangelo - the sculpture of Petiet and David are among the most famous in the world. But great fame acquired, undoubtedly, its frescoes located on the ceiling of the Sicastine Chapel. Michelangelo also developed the design for the domes of the Basilica of St. Peter, leaving his imprint in architecture.
4 Mazaccho (1401 - 1428)
The outstanding riddle of Mazacho, whose biography of which we know very little, made an invaluable contribution to the visual arts, inspiring many artists. The life of this artist was broken very quickly, but even over this time, Mazaccho left a great cultural heritage. His fresco "Trinity" in Italy, in the Church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence is one of the preserved four, which became world famous. It is believed that the rest of his work Mazacho could not be preserved and were destroyed.
3 Peter Paul Rubens (1577 - 1640)
The "bronze" of our rating rightly receives Peter Paul Rubens - an artist from the Southern Netherlands, who worked in the Baroque era, famous for its special style. Rubens brilliantly passed on the canvas, his paintings fascinated with their liveliness. Each, considering his paintings, could find something in scenery, portraits. Rubens also wrote historical paintings telling about myths or religious plots. Thoroughly written for four years Triptych "Removing from the Cross" won the attention of the whole world. The special style of Painting Rubens glorified it all over the world.
2 Caravaggio (1571 -1610)
The second place of the rating was received by another Italian artist who worked by the Epoch of the Early Baroque Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, founding European realism. He loved to depict on the canvas of ordinary people from the streets, carefully concentrating on important trifles: the game of light and shadows, colors and contrast. He portrayed them in religious, holy images. As Karavago himself mentioned, he was proud of his work "Butterist", written at the very end of the XVI century. His paintings "Appeal Sawla", "Evangelist Matthew", "Vakh" and others are also mentioned.
1 Rembrandt (1606-1669)
The honorable first place is occupied by the world-famous Netherlands artist Rembrandt Harmers Wang Rain. The artist loved experimenting with lightness in his works. Its works are about three thousand different paintings, drawings and etchings. At the moment, the most famous work of Rembrandt is being kept in the State Museum of the city of Amsterdam - the picture "Night Watch", completed in the middle of the seventeenth century and having a giant sizes - four meters.
In early December 2011, new price records were established in Russian trading in London. Summing up the year, we have compiled a list of the most expensive works of artists of Russia according to the results of auction sales.
33 The most expensive to. Source: 33 The most expensive to.
If you believe the ratings, the most expensive Russian artist is Mark Rotko. His "White Center" (1950) sold for 72.8 million dollars, in addition, ranks 12th in the list of the most expensive paintings in the world at all. However, Rotko was a Jew, born in Latvia and left Russia aged 10 years. Honestlywith a similar stretch chase For records? Therefore, Rotko, like other emigrants, who left Russia, not yet becoming artists (for example, Tamaru de Lempicks and Haim Sutin), we crossed out of the list.
№ 1. Kazimir Malevich - $ 60 million
The author of the "black square" is too important person so that his works often met in free sale. So this picture fell on the auction very difficult. In 1927, Malevich, going to arrange an exhibition, brought almost a hundred works from his Leningrad workshop to Berlin. However, he was urgently recalled to his homeland, and he left them for storing the architect Hugo Hering. That saving picture in the difficult years of the fascist dictatorship, when they could well destroy as "degenerative art", and in 1958, after Malevich's death, sold them to the state museum of Standelek (Holland).
At the beginning of the XXI century, a group of heirs Malevich, almost forty people, began a trial - because Hering was not a legal owner of the paintings. As a result, the museum gave them this picture, and will give another four who will certainly cause Furore on some auction. After all, Malevich is one of the most fake artists in the world, and the origin of the paintings from the Museum of Stretcheck is impeccable. And in January 2012, the heirs received another painting from that Berlin exhibition, having filled it from the Swiss Museum.
№ 2. Vasily Kandinsky - $ 22.9 million.
The auction price of the work affects his reputation. This is not only a loud name of the artist, but also "Provanance" (origin). A thing from a famous private collection or a good museum is always more expensive than working from an anonymous meeting. The "Fugue" comes from the famous Museum of Gugenheim: Once the director Thomas Krenz brought out of the Museum Funds of this Kandinsky, the picture of Shagal and Modigliani, and set them for sale. For the money received, a museum for some reason purchased a collection of 200 works of American conceptualists. Krenza for this decision was convicted very long.
This is a canvas of the father of abstractionism curious about the fact that he set a record in the distant 1990s, when the auction halls of London and New York have not yet filled the reckless Russian buyers. Thanks to this, by the way, it did not cut into any very private collection in a luxurious mansion, but is located in a permanent exhibition in the Private Museum of Bayeliers in Switzerland, where anyone can see it. Rare case for such a purchase!
№ 3. Alexey Yalvsky - 9, 43 million pounds
Approximately $ 18.5 million paid an unknown buyer for a portrait, which depicts a girl from the village near Munich. Shokco is not a name, but nickname. The model, coming to the studio of the artist, each time she asked a cup of hot chocolate. So behind her and gothes "Shokko".
The sold picture is included in its famous loan cycle, depicting the domestic peasantry of the first quarter of the twentieth century. And, the right depicting with such belly, which is scary. Here in the form of a shepherd, the peasant poet Nikolai Klyuev, the Forerunner of Yesenin. Among his poems there are such: "On the sewer, the flashers decides disketeered and blocked - the light-kids dumbfounded from the gaznebushka far."
№ 19. Konstantin Makovsky - 2.03 million pounds
Makovsky - the saloon painter, known for the huge number of heads hawkering in Kokoshniki and Sundars, as well as the painting "Children running from thunderstorms", which one time was constantly printed on gift boxes of chocolate chocolates. Its sweet historical paintings are in stable demand among Russian buyers.
The theme of this picture- Old Russian "Kiss rite." Noble women on ancient Russia were not allowed to leave the female half, and only for the sake of honor, they could go out, bring the charm and (the most pleasant part) to kiss themselves. Pay attention to the picture hanging on the wall: this is the image of the king of Alexei Mikhailovich, one of the first horse portraits that appeared in Russia. His composition, although it was brazenly copied from a European sample, was considered an unusually innovative and even shocking for that time.
№20. Svyatoslav Roerich - $ 2.99 million.
The son of Nikolai Roerich left Russia by a completely teenager. He lived in England, USA, India. Like the Father, I was interested in Eastern philosophy. Like the Father, wrote a lot of paintings for Indian themes. Father generally occupied a huge place in his life - he wrote more than thirty his portraits. This picture was created in India, where the clan settled in the middle of the century. The pictures of Svyatoslav Roerich appear at auctions rarely, and in Moscow, the works of the famous dynasty can be seen in the halls of the East Museum, which the authors presented them, as well as at the Museum of the Museum "International Roerich Center", which is located in the luxurious noble estate right behind the Pushkin Museum. Both museums are not very loved by each other: the Museum of the East claims both the building and the collection of the center of Roerich.
№ 21. Ivan Shishkin - 1.87 million pounds
The chief Russian landscape player spent three years in a row on Valaam and left many images of this area. This work is a bit gloomy and does not look like a classic shishkina. But this is explained by the fact that the picture belongs to his early period, when he did not spoke his manner and was under the strong influence of the Dusseldorf Scenery Scene, in which he studied.
We have already recalled about this Düsseldorf school, in the recipe for fake "Aivazovsky". " Shishkina "are made according to the same scheme, for example, in 2004 onSotheby "S was a" landscape with a stream "Düsseldorf period of the painter. It was estimated at $ 1 million. And confirmed by the expertise of the Tretyakov Gallery. An hour before the sale lot was removed - it turned out to be a picture of another student of this school, the Dutchman Marinus Adriana Kookkuk, purchased In Sweden for 65 thousand dollars.
№ 22. Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin - 1.83 million pounds
A portrait of a boy with the icon of the Virgin was found in a private collection in Chicago. After he was handed over to the auction house, experts began research, trying to establish its origin. It turned out that the picture was at exhibitions in 1922 and 1932. In the 1930s, the artist went to the states as part of the exhibition of Russian art. Perhaps it was then that the owners acquired this picture.
Pay attention to an empty place on the wall behind the boy. At first the author thought to write a window with a green landscape there. It would balance the picture and on the composition and in colors - the grass would have echoed with the green Tunica of Our Lady (by the way, she should be blue on the canon). Why Petrov-Vodkin crushed the window - unknown.
№ 23. Nikolay Roerich - 1.76 million pounds
Before you visit Shambalu and start corresponding with Dalai Lama, Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich quite successfully specialized in an old Russian theme and even did ballet sketches for the "Russian seasons". Sold lot refers to this period. The depicted scene is a wonderful phenomenon over water, which is observed by the Russian monk, most likely - Sergius Radonezh. It is curious that the picture is written in the same year that another vision of Sergia (then the tag of the warfolome), which appears in our list above. The stylistic difference is colossal.
Roerich wrote many cloths and a lion's share of them in India. Several pieces he presented the Indian Institute of Agricultural Research. Recently two of them, "Himalayas, Kanchenjang" and "Sunset, Kashmir "Appeared at the auction in London. Only then the younger researchers of the institute noticed that they were robbed. In January 2011, the Indians appealed to the London court for permission to investigate this crime in England. The interest of the thieves to the heritage of Roerich is understandable, because there is a demand.
№ 24. Love Popova - 1.7 million pounds
Lyubov Popova died young, so it was famous as another Amazon Avangard Natalia Goncharov, failed. And her a heritage is smaller - therefore it is difficult to find her work. After her death was drawn up detailed inventions of paintings. This still life has been known for many years only on black and white reproductions, until it surfaced in a private collection, being the most significant work of the artist in private hands. Pay attention to the Zhostovsky tray - maybe it is a hint of the taste of Popova to folk crafts. It took place from the Ivanovsky merchant family, which was engaged in fabrics, and herself created many sketches of campaign textiles based on Russian traditions.
№ 25. Aristarh Lentulov - 1.7 million pounds
Lentulov entered the history of the Russian avant-garde to the memorable image of the Cathedral of Basil Blessed - not that cubism, not that patchwork blanket. In this landscape, he tries to crush space along a similar principle, but it turns out not so fascinating. Actually, therefore "Vasily Blessed»In the Tretyakov Gallery, and this picture- on the art market. Still, once the museum workers had the opportunity to shoot cream.
№ 26. Alexey Bogolyubov - 1.58 million pounds
Sale of this little-known artist, albeit the beloved landscape player Tsar Alexander III, for such insane money - the symptom of market rabies on the eve of the 2008 crisis. Then the Russian collectors were ready to buy even secondary masters. Moreover, first-class artists are sold rarely.
Perhaps this picture went as a gift to some official: she has a suitable plot, because the Church of Christ the Savior has long ceased to be just a church, and became a symbol. And the leiser origin - the picture was kept in the royal palace. Pay attention to the details: the brick Kremlin tower is covered with white plaster, and the hill inside the Kremlin is completely superfluous. Well, why began to try? In the 1870s, the capital was Petersburg, not Moscow, and the Kremlin was not a residence.
№ 27. Isaac Levitan - 1.56 million pounds
The work was perfect atypical for Levitan, the work was sold on the same auction as the picture of Bogolyubov, but it turned out to be cheaper. This is due, of course, with the fact that the picture is not like "Levitan " The authorship of her, however, is undoubtedly similar to the plot in the Dnipropetrovsk Museum. 40 thousand light bulbs, with the help of which the Kremlin was decorated, lit in honor of the coronation of Nicholas II. A few days later the Khodyan catastrophe will happen.
№ 28. Archka Quinji - $ 3 million.
The famous landscape player wrote three similar paintings. The first is in Tretyakovka, the third - in the State Museum of Belarus. The second, presented at the auction, was intended for Prince Pavel Pavlovich Demidov-San Donato. This representative of the famous Ural dynasty lived at the villa near Florence. In general, Demidov, becoming Italian princes, was entertained as they could. For example, Uncle Paul, from which he inherited the princely title was so rich and impressed that he was married to Napoleon's niece of Bonaparte, and one day in a bad mood of her senses. The poor lady hardly was able to achieve a divorce. The picture, however, did not get to Demidov, the Ukrainian Sakharozavoder Tereshchenko acquired it.
№ 29. Konstantin Korovin- 1.497 million pounds
Impressionists inherent very "light", smearing the style of the letter.Korovin - the main Russian impressionist. It is very popular among scammers; According to rumors, the number of his fakes at auctions reaches 80%. If the picture from the private assembly was exhibited at the artist's personal exhibition in the famous State Museum, then its reputation is reinforced, and in the next auction it is much more expensive. In 2012, the Tretyakov Gallery plans a large-scale exhibition of Korovin. Maybe there will be work from private assembly. This paragraph is an example of the reader's consciousness manipulation by an example of transfer of facts that have a direct logical connection.
- Please note that from March 26 to August 12, 2012, the Tretyakov Gallery promises to arrangeexhibition Korovina . Details about the biography of the most charming artists of the Silver Century Readin our review Vernissages GTG in 2012.
No. 30. Yuri Annenkov - $ 2.26 million
Annenkov managed to emigrate in 1924 and made a good career in the West. For example, in 1954 he was nominated for Oscar as an artist in the costumes for the film "Madame de ...". The most famous of his early Soviet portraits- Faces of cubistic, faceted, but completely recognizable. For example, he repeatedly drew the Lion Trotsky in this way - and even repeated the picture many years later after the memory when Times wanted to decorate them with the cover.
Character - writer Tikhonov-Silver Pictured on a record portrait. He entered the history of Russian literature, mainly his close friendship with. So close that, on dirty rumors, the wife of the artist Varvara Shaikevich even gave birth to a daughter from the great proletarian writer. On the reproduction is not very noticeable, but the portrait is made in the collage technique: on top of the oil paint layer there are glass and plaster, and even a real doorbell has been attached.
No. 31. Lev Lagorio - 1.47 million pounds
Another secondary landscape system, for some reason sold for a record price. One of the indicators of the auction is the excess of estimate ("estimates") - the minimum price, which experts of the auction house installed for lot. The estimate of this landscape was 300-400 thousand pounds., And sold it 4 times more expensive. As one London Auctioner said: "Happiness is when two Russian oligarch compete in the same subject. "
№ 32. Victor Vasnetsov - 1.1 million pounds
Bogatyri became a business card back in the 1870s. He returns to his star theme, like other veterans of Russian painting, during the young Soviet republic - and on financial reasons, and to feel in demand again. This picture is the author's repetition "Ilya Muromets" (1915), which is kept in the House-Museum of the artist (on the avenue of the world).
No. 33. Eric Bulatov - 1.084 million pounds
The second current artist on our list (also said that for the artist the best way to raise prices for their work is to die). By the way, this is the Soviet Warhol, underground and anti-communist. He worked in the genre of social art, which was created by the Soviet undergrad, as our version of pop art. "Slava CPSU" is one of the most famous works of the artist. According to his own explanations, the letters here symbolize the grille, blocking the sky from us, that is, freedom.
Bonus: Zinaida Serebryakova - 1.07 million pounds
Serebryakova loved to draw nude women, self-portraits and their four children. This perfect feminist world is harmonious and calm, which you will not say about the life of the artist itself, who hardly escaped from Russia after the revolution and spent a lot of strength to pull out his children from there.
"Nude" is not an oil painting, but a pattern of pastel. This is the most expensive Russian drawing. Such a high amount paid for graphics is comparable with prices for the drawings of Impressionists and caused great surprise at Sotheby "S, which began trading from 150 thousand pounds of sterling, and received a million.
The list is based on the prices specified on the official sites of the auction houses. This price is made up of pure value (voiced when the hammer is lowered), and« buyer premiums "(additional percentage of auction house). In other sources can be indicated "Clean» price. The dollar rate to Pound often fluctuates, so British and American lots are located relative to each other with approximate accuracy (we are not forbes).
Additions and fixes of our list are welcome.