Message about Rafael. Portrait of Anolo Doni, Portrait of Muddalen Donon

Birthday: March 28, 1483
Date of death: April 6, 1520
Place of birth: Urbino, Italy

Rafael (Rafael Santi) (1483-1520) - the famous painter of the Renaissance, Rafael Santia - Architect.

Raphael was born on March 28, 1483 in Italy in the city of Urbino in the family of the poet and the artist Giovanni Santi. Learning painting and creativity lessons future artist Starts at the father.

After the death of the Father at 17, Rafael moves to Perugia and enters training in the workshop of the artist P. Perugino. where he continued artistic development. Already during this period, the first works of Raphael have the overall nature of religious dreaminess inherent in the Urbian school.

Florentine period

After 2 years, the young man moves to Florence where such eminent artists Renaissance as Leonardo da Vinci and Fra Bartolomeo. Florence itself was able to have a strongest influence on the formation of the artistic taste of Raphael. By choosing the work of Leonardo da Vinci and Fra Bartolomeo with an imitation reference.

So in the images of Raphael Florentine period, we can find and correct transmission mental movements, and the subtlety of the overflows of flowers, which are so inherent in the work of Leonardo da Vinci, as well as the depth of impression, the ability to arrange groups and reflect a reverent degeneration, was taken from the works of Fra Bartolomeo. The natural sense of measure allowed Rafael to take from someone else's creativity, just that he was close and useful.

It was in Florence Rafael who had to study medicine and anatomy, without the knowledge of which the artist of that time could not correctly reflect the human body.

The Florentine period of creativity of Raphael includes the paintings "three graces", "Knight's sleep", "Christ Blessing", "Holy Catherine Alexandria".

Rafael's stay time in Florence is recognized as Madonn's time. He was the only one at that time depicted Madonna a young and gentle mother. They were written: "Madonna Houses Tempi", "Madonna House of the Column", "Madonna Del Baldakhino", "Madonna with a shcheggler", "Madonna in Green", "Madonna Granduk". The latter liked the Duke of Tuscan so much, which, having acquired it, he did not part with her anymore.

Roman period

Images of Madonna made Raphael as well as famous that as a result of Rafael, Pope himself invited himself to Rome, to participate with other artists in the painting of the Paradinary halls of the Vatican Palace. But Pope Julius II appreciating the frescoes of Rafael, expelled other artists to confess Rafael to one to paint all the halls.

Unusual tasks set in front of Rafael, the proximity of his idol Michelangelo, which began decoration of frescoes at this time Sicstinskaya Capella, gave rise to a competitive start in Raphael, and classical architecture The most revealed at that time in Rome gave it to the works of Divine reflection and clarity for an artistic idea.

In the case of the case, Rafael's seniura in the 3rd hall struck the fresco on the entire volume of each wall, but he moved away from the saints, depicting the stories antique culture: Frescoes were written: "Theology", "Poetry", "Justice" and "Athenian School" of their figures, as it were, hovering on the ceiling and become the center for images on the walls.

Below the saint Eucharist argument is located below, this dispute occurs both in the sky (Jesus Christ is depicted, John the Baptist, the Apostles, Prophets, Martyrs) and on Earth (Fathers of the Church of the Church and Rosto are collected around the altar) and in the middle of the mediators - 4 Gospels Brought by angels.

On the fresco, "Poetry" is located under its personification "Parnass" there are existing and ancient poets. On the fresco of "Justice" above the window, figures of force, moderation and prudence are placed, and the emperor and dad on the sides, as the personification of justice. In the "Athens School" Rafael portrayed greek philosophers Socrates and heraklite among their students, especially allocation of images of Aristotle -realist and Plato-idealist looking into the sky.

At the same time, the artist creates portraits of his contemporaries: Roman dads Julia II and Lion X, which were written in such a living manner that contemporaries were afraid to look at them. He did not leave the image of Madonne, to this period include: "Madonna with a bedspread", "Madonna from the house of Alba", and the most famous "Sicstinskaya Madonna". Raphael restoring the painting of the ancient temples, in the excavations of which he participated, brought some motives into their paintings.

From 1515, Rafael was constantly in work, Pope appointed Rafael his chamber and a golden spur knight. Rafael drove friendship with many representatives of the highest Roman society and always around him gathered a crowd of students who catch each word.

Rafael would be versatile in creativity: several churches, villas, palaces, palaces were erected according to his plans. He did sketches for sculptors and even engaged in sculpture: for example, Rafael's hand belongs marble statue Child on the dolphin, currently in the Hermitage.

After the death of Michelangelo Rafael applied its extensive knowledge and continued the work of Michelangelo on the Cathedral of St. Peter.

Despite the instructions of Pope Lion X, Rafael did not change the project chosen by Michelangelo and made a project 2 colonnade around the cathedral, he wanted to reflect all monumentality ancient RomeBut did not have time in connection with death. His work was completed later than the architect L. Bernini.

Rafael came the founder portrait painting for the next few centuries, because For him, man himself was important as something not ordinary, that he tried to emphasize. The artist knew how to reflect the greed of dad and the extraordinary beauty of Madonne.

On April 6, 1520, Rafael dies in 37 years from the Chakhotka common in those times, and without completing the Cathedral of St. Peter.

Achievements of Rafael Santi:

1225 - the number of works created by Raphael.
From under his brush, such works as "Sicstinskaya Madonna", the "cross", "Triumph of Galatei", "Three Graces" came out.
Engaged in the decoration of the Vatican frescoes in the style of ancient culture: "Theology", "Philosophy", "Jurisprudence" and "Poetry".

Dates from the biography of Rafael Santi:

March 28, 1483 Born in Italy
1494. Education of painting at the Umbrian artist P. PREUGRYNO
1504. The beginning of the Florentine period in creativity, training in Fra Bartolomeo and Leonardo da Vinci.
1508 was called in Rome to decorate several Vatican halls.
1514 was appointed chief caretaker for the construction of the Cathedral of St. Peter.
April 6, 1520 died, without graduating from construction.

Interesting facts of Raphael Santi:

Thanks to the peaceful nature of Rafael around him, there was always no place to quarrels and labels.
Skillfully combining a generalization with a specific realism, the images of Divine babies he always has an allegory.
He is the author of sketches called "Raphael Bible", sketches written on the plots of the Old and New Testament and who had to decorate Vatican loggias.

Rafael Santi One of the greatest painters Epoch " High rebirth" For 37 years of his life he wrote more than 200 paintings. It is especially famous for his beautiful series of Madonn. He is the first who gave Madonnam not removed, but a gentlely immersed expression.

Rafael firmly felt women, at 8 years old he had lost her mother early. Her image, he later saw on the fresco of his father, court artist, Giovanni Santi. All his life, he was in the search for the unfavorable maternal heat. The works of Raphael are impregnated with the mother's kindness, the grace, the human proximity of biblical characters.

His paintings were so beautiful that their owners could not break away from contemplation. For example, the duke of Larring Ferdinand III, after he received the picture "Madonna Granduk" never parted with her. Wherever he traveled, he took her with him, he placed her in his bedroom. Seeing her, Duke felt a sense of relaxation, peace, grace. How did the talent for this artist formed?

Homemade education

Rafael was never given to nanny, maids. Mother fed his breasts, parents brought up a child themselves, although it was not accepted by the traditions of that time. Father Rafael, Giovanni Santi, was not only a court artist and a poet, but also an educated person of his time. He became something like the Minister of Enlightenment at the courtyard of the Duke of Urbinsky.

Having teaching his son's artist's skill, Giovanni soon became clear that the boy develops rapidly, everything grasps. When Giovanni handed him all his skills and realized that he could no longer teach anything else, he took his son to Perugia, to study at the most famous artist Italy of that time - Pietro Perugino.

Friends and patrons

The boy's father died early when Rafael was only 11 years old. Having lost both parents, Rafael continued to come to Urbino. He liked the atmosphere of the Urbinsky courtyard, where under the auspices of enlightened Duchess Elizabeth Gonzaga gathered humanist philosophers, poets, artists. There was a Renaissance Culture Center, where Rafael was a universal favorite. This atmosphere predetermined the fate of Rafael. Perhaps then Rafael became Gnostly, which later reflected in the symbolism of his paintings.

Artist- Special Thinking Style

For artists of that time, it was customary to own various creative professions - architect, sculptor, artist and poet. It was believed that the artist is not only the ability to draw, it is a special style of thinking. To become a famous artist, it was necessary to be smart. And Rafael was managed.

The magic of his paintings is in difficult mathematical construction Space, modeling situation and direction of attention, he intrigues and immerses to the plot, accompanying you with grace, grace, charm and singer lines. Its works have a sacred state, providing access to the sublime.

Thirst for new knowledge

Rafael at the age of 17 became already recognized artist, participated in the painting of different temples and had a lot of private orders. In 1505, he felt that he had exhausted training opportunities at Perugino. Rafael was constantly configured for training. He possessed an incredible thirst for new meanings. When rumors came to him that in Florence there is a powerful artist's cigarette, he threw everything and went there to study.

Friendship with Leonardo da Vinci and Mikelanelo

In Florence, he was an alien. The artists sometimes possess complex, non-advisive characters and with great care there are new people, but Rafael was so benevolent, smart and courteous, which was easily joined in their company and became the regulars of the meetings of the artists of the pot.

In Florence, he received orders for portraits from local nobility, which he already wrote, using the laws Open Leonardo da Vinci in building a composite perspective and color solutions. Rafael in his work was embraced by all that was before him and came to perfection. It was in Florence that he created his series of 42 Madonn, where the state of motherhood and a defenseless delicate creature.

It is important that despite the fact that Rafael was already a recognized professional, he was ready to learn at any time. At Mokelalangelo, he learns plastic and dramatic turns, difficult perspectives, but he did not have a rebellious spirit in the character, like Michelangelo.

Wise decision to remain ourselves

Raphael praised wisdom to understand that this is not his manner. He loved music, loved to dress beautifully, loved women. The artist was oriented and began to portray anatomical reliefs by drapery, Rafael realized that he could not have battle scenes and portraits of people with a rigid power. He takes other, harmony and serenity. Ovals, rhythm, inner music inherent in Rafael's paintings.

Picture "Lady with a unicorn"

Gratitude teachers

From 1508, at the invitation of Pope, Julia II Rafael moved to Rome for the painting of the halls of the Vatican Palace. In 1511, Rafael wrote a fresco "". In his heart, it was always full of gratitude to her great teachers. In the central positions, he depicted Leonardo and Meseland, giving them a tribute to them.

It is noteworthy that when Rafael showed a sketch of this work to Pope Julia, she liked him so much that he was a man sharp and decisive, ordered to knock down the frescoes of another artist with the already painted wall and put the picture of Rafael.

Romantic, mysterious and tragic love story of the Great Artist

Raphael has always been a favorite of women, many noble parties provided him to the sign of attention, many families dreamed of getting in the grassland of the famous, wealthy artist. He avoided marriage for a long time, they rummed that Rafael dreamed of becoming a cardinal.

However, there was a woman in his life, which he considered his muse, this is Margarita Luti, daughter of a bullshit. She posed for portrait of fornarin and the most famous painting Raphael - "".

Agostino Kiji, banker and friend Raphael from Rome, invited him to paint the walls of his Palace Fernesenino. On one legend, Rafael, suffering from love and jealousy, could not even work on frescoes, Kiji persuaded his lady to be with him constantly, wherever he could, so Raphael finished his job.

According to one of the legends, Rafael bought Margarita Lui at her father for 3 000 Golden, in the period when it was engaged. She changed Raphael with Agostino Kiji, the students of the artist, and, later, became the most famous Kurtisanka Rome. According to another version, they had a strong mutual feeling, she was his beloved and a fitter for 12 years, until his death. Rafael died in her bed. A ruby \u200b\u200bring was detected on the film of Farnarin on the x-ray, a symbol of the engagement. Soon the field of the death of the beloved, Farnarina died in the monastery, where Rafael was recorded as a widow.

Death of Raphael

When Rafael sick, dad sent six times to cope with his health. He died on April 6, 1520 at 37, on the same day, when he was born. The artist did not live a little to those days when Dad would have done his cardinal.

Rafael Santi - Italian painter, schedule and architect, representative of the Umbral School.

In 1500, he moved to Perugia and enrolled to teach painting to the workshop of Perugino. Then Rafael performed the first independent works: The skills and skills took place from the Father. The most successful of it early work - "Madonna Concreate" (1502-1503), "Knight's sleep", "Saint Georgy" (both 1504)

Feeling yourself with the artist, Rafael left the teacher in 1504 and moved to Florence. Here he hardly worked on the creation of the image of Madonna, which was devoted to at least ten works ("Madonna with a Scheggle", 1506-1507; "Position in the coffin", 1507, and others).

At the end of 1508, Pope Julius II invited Rafael to move to Rome, where the artist held the final period of his short life. At the courtyard of Pope he received the position of "artist of the Apostolic Throne." The main place in his work was now taken by the painting of the Paradinary Region (Stans) of the Vatican Palace.

In Rome Raphael reached perfection as a portraitist and acquired the opportunity to realize his grantee of the architect: from 1514, he led the construction of the Cathedral of St. Peter.

In 1515 he was appointed by the Commissioner in antiquities, which implied learning and guard antique monuments and control over excavations.

Rafael Santi, Great italian artist, schedule, architect, follower of the Umbral School of Painting, was born on March 28, 1483 in Urbino. The boy was eight years old when his mother died, and after another three years he was left without his father. Giovanni Santi was an artist and shortly before his death managed to acquaint his son with the basics of painting.

Start of creativity

The first works of Raphael Santi are dating 1496, then the Madonna and Baby fresco was written, which is today in his house-museum. Among the work early period There are also "Horugwe with Holy Trinity" (1499), altar icon "Coronation of St. Nicholas from Tolentino", written for the church of Sant Agostino in the suburb of Chitta di Castello. Early works Rafael Santi was distinguished by the uncertainty of style, but nevertheless looked like paintings quite mature artist.

Study

In 1501, the painter Santi entered his studies the famous artist Pietro Perugino. Work in the older mentor's workshop was extremely useful for Raphael. In addition to him, Perugino had a few more students. All works of Raphael Santi of that period are written in the style of the teacher. However, Pietro Perugino insisted that his most gifted student sought to find his own style of painting.

Its own own style appeared u young artist Later, by the end of the studio of training in the workshop of Matra. Some works of Raphael Santi, paintings, sketches, sketches, have become significantly different from the work of the mentor. Pietro tried to develop the successes of his student.

First orders

Raphael Santi, his works, skill and talent began to be widely known in the district, he was heard about Herp of the clergy, and the painter received several favorable orders for the painting of the temples in Perugia and Chitta di Castello. It was quite by the way, since a novice artist lived to be restricted and needed funds.

In 1501, his first Madonna, the painting "Madonna Solly" was added to the works of Rafael Santi. The canvas literally breathe church well. IN further artist A few more Madonnes will be created in different interpretations. This topic will accompany the painter throughout his short life.

Church topics

Rafael Santi famous works who were on a religious topic, nevertheless often addressed the topic of the existence of a simple people and tried to capture the scene in his paintings from ordinary life. However, over time, church themes swallowed a talented painter, he understood that he could use his art the best way It is in the temples.

Therefore, at the beginning of the 16th century, they created such masterpieces as "coronation" and "Mary's" coagulation. Both canvases were written in 1504 and were intended for the altar. In the same period, Rafael creates paintings "Portrait of Pietro Btembo", "Saint Georgy and his battle with a dragon", "Madonna Concreate".

Michelangelo and others

In December 1504, Rafael Santi goes to Florence. There he meets Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Bartolomeo port. The style of Michelangelo and Da Vinci inspires Rafael and he begins to study their drawing maneru, and for greater clarity makes copies of fragments from the pictures of great artists. The canvas da Vinci "Leda and Swan" Santi syruses for themselves almost completely. With "Holy Matthew" he comes in the same way. Both Marators favorably reacted to the efforts of a young artist. And he himself decided to compare in the art of painting with Florentine masters.

New orders

The first order of Santi received after arriving from Velmazby Anolo Donon, to create portraits of his own and spouse. In the picture with the image of a noble woman, the influence of Leonardo and his "Jocona" is clearly traced. Portrait The artist called "Madonna Donon."

After completing the order of Signora Anolo, Rafael starts writing altar cloths "Lady with a unicorn", "Position in the coffin", "Madonna on the throne with Nicholas from Bari and John the Baptist." The popularity of the artist is growing, he writes many holy images, among whom "Holy (1507)," Holy Family"(1508 year)," Holy Elizabeth with John the Baptist "(1509)," Madonna and Joseph Bezboro "(1509).

Main topic in the work of Rafael

Being in Florence, Santi wrote more than twenty Madonn. The stories were the same: or baby in her arms, or he plays close to John the Baptist, who also often portrayed in the picture. All Madonns on the canvases were depicted with the print of maternal caring on the face. Among their images of that period are especially allocated: "Madonna Granduk" (1505 year), "Madonna Terranova" (1505), "Madonna under the Baldakhin" (1506), "Madonna with carnations" (1506), "Madonna with Schegul" ( 1506), "Beautiful Saddleman" (1508).

Vatican

At the end of 1509, Rafael leaves in Rome, there he will live until his death. With the assistance of Santi becomes the court artist of the papal residence. He is charged with frescoes four rooms of the palace, the so-called "stans". Rafael chooses topics reflecting different kinds Intellectual activity of mankind: philosophy, poetry, theology and jurisprudence. In each of the rooms, the painter places frescoes in accordance with the planned plan. Received the names "Justice", "Dispute", "Parnas" and

Working throughout life

The most important masterpiece of the painter is considered world-famous created in 1513. Rafael wrote a picture by order of the Church of the Sycst Saint in Piacense. This is an incredibly a whole high-artistic work, it amazes the elegant weave of lines, everything is subordinate to the elusive rhythm of inner harmony. The cloth is large, but the eye is available all the smallest details.

"Triumph Galatei"

The famous patron of art, the Italian Augustinian Kiji invited Rafael Santi to decorate his country villa on the shore of the Tiber. Preference was given to the plots from the mythology of antiquity. So the masterpiece "Triumph Galatei" appeared. On the fresco, the prophets and Sivilles were depicted. The picture is considered one of the best works artist.

Madonna

Rafael Santi, whose most famous works are certainly "Madonna", wrote pictures in one breath. Holy Maria and Baby, this plot was used by the artist most often. Sometimes he added John the Baptist, who was organically linked with the main image. Total "Madonn" Rafael is more than forty paintings, these are those who are in museums. It is in the exhibition collections - the most the best paintings Such a great artist as Rafael Santi. Works, the list of which is given below is the Madonns depicted by the painter in his entire short, but fruitful life.

• "Sicstinskaya Madonna" - (1513-1514), picture gallery In Dresden.
• "Madonna Solly" (1500-1504), Berlin Art Gallery.
• "Madonna dotheleva" (1504), in Berlin.
• "Madonna Granduk" (1504), Florence, Palazzo Pitty.
• Madonna Orleanskaya (1506), Conde Museum, France.
• "Holy Family with Palm" (1506), National Gallery Scotland, Edinburgh.
• "Madonna in Green" (1506), Museum of Art History, Vienna.
• "Madonna with Schegul" (1506), Utitszi Gallery, Florence.
• "Beautiful sadman" (1507), Louvre, Paris.
• "Big Madonna Caucola" (1508), Washington.
• Madonna Foligno (1511-1512), Vatican.
• "Holy Family under Oak" (1518), Prado Museum, Madrid.
• "Madonna Divine Love" (1518), National Museum, Naples.
• "Madonna Estergazy" (1508), Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest.

All other works of Raphael Santi, the photos of which are in the catalogs dedicated to his work, can be found in registers and reference books on painting art.
In the period from 1513 to 1516, Rafael Santi is engaged in another papal order, makes sketches for the tapestries of the Sicstinian chapel, and ten of them. We have reached only seven drawings. Then Raphael, together with students, painted loggias, which went to the courtyard of the Vatican. A total of fifty-two frescoes on the main biblical plots were made.

New posts

In March 1514, Donato Bramante died, and Pope handed over the Cathedral of St. Peter under the beginning of Rafael Santi. And a year later, the artist receives the position of the keeper of the antiquities of the Vatican. In 1515, the Vatican visited the famous Albrecht Durer, whose engravings by that time were already produced by Furore around the world. He meets Rafael, and since then both try to be in creative contact, the benefit of Germany and Italy are nearby.

The final

The last death work of Raphael Santi is "Transfiguration", written in 1518-1520. The upper part of the canvas is given biblical plot About the miracle of the transformation of Christ before Jacob, Peter and John. At the bottom of the Apostles and the Baby Latches are located. Rafael did not finish the picture, she adds her painter Julio Romano after the death of Matra.

The Great Artist died in April 1520, at the age of 37 years from the viral fever. Buried in Pantheon.

Rafael is an artist who had a monumental impact on how art developed. Rafael Santi deservedly consider one of the three great masters of the Italian high Renaissance.

Introduction

The author of incredibly harmonious and serene canvases, he received recognition of contemporaries thanks to images of Madonn and monumental frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Biography of Rafael Santi, as well as his work, is divided into three main periods.

For 37 years of life, the artist created several of the most beautiful and influential compositions in the history of painting. The compositions of Rafael are considered ideal, his figures and faces are impeccable. In the history of art, he appears as the only artist who managed to achieve perfection.

Brief biography of Rafael Santi

Rafael was born in italian city Urbino in 1483. His father was an artist, but he died when the boy was only 11 years old. After the death of Father Rafael became a student in Perugino's workshop. In his first works, the influence of the master is felt, but by the end of the teaching, the young artist began to find his own style.

In 1504, the young artist Rafael Santi moved to Florence, where he was deeply admired by the style and technique of Leonardo da Vinci. In the cultural capital, he began to create a series beautiful Madonne; There he received the first orders. In Florence, the young Master met with Da Vinci and Michelangelo - masters who had the strongest influence on the work of Rafael Santi. Also, Florence Rafael is obliged to familiarize with his close friend and mentor Donato Bramte. Biography of Rafael Santi in his Florentine period is incomplete and confusing - judging by historical data, the artist did not live in Florence at that time, and often came there.

Four years, conducted under the influence of Florentine art, helped him achieve individual style and unique painting techniques. Upon arrival in Rome Rafael immediately becomes an artist at the courtyard of the Vatican and the personal request of Pope Julia II is working on frescoes for the papal working office (Stanza Della Segnatura). The young master continued the painting of several other premises, which today are known as Rafael Rooms (Stanze Di Raffaello). After the death of Bramte, Rafael was appointed chief architect of the Vatican and continued the construction of the Cathedral of St. Peter.

Creativity Raphael

The compositions created by the artist are famous for the grace, harmony, the smoothness of the lines and the perfection of the forms with which only Leonardo's canvas and the works of Michelangelo can compete. No wonder these great masters make up a "unattainable trinity" of high rebirth.

Rafael was an extremely dynamic and active person, so despite short lifeThe artist left behind the richest heritage consisting of works of monumental and easel painting, graphic works and architectural achievements.

During the lifetime, Raphael was a very influential figure of culture and art, his works were considered the benchmark of artistic skills, however, after a timeless death, Santa was covered with the work of Michelangelo, and until the XVIII century, Rafael's legacy was in the relative oblivion.

Creativity and Biography of Rafael Santi are divided into three periods, the main and most influential of which are four years, conducted by the artist in Florence (1504-1508), and the remainder of the Master's life (Rome 1508-1520).

Florentine period

From 1504 to 1508, Rafael led a nomadic lifestyle. He never remained in Florence for a long time, but despite this, four years of life, and especially creativity, Rafael was called by the Florentine period. Much more developed and dynamic, the art of Florence had a deep influence on the young artist.

The transition from the influence of Perugian school to a more dynamic and individual style is noticeable in one of the first works of the Florentine period - "three graces". Rafael Santi managed to assimilate new trends, while remaining faithful to his individual style. Monumental painting has changed, as evidenced by the frescoes of 1505. In the wall painting the influence of Fra Bartolomeo is traced.

However, the influence of Da Vinci on the work of Rafael Santi's work is intended. Raphael assimilated not only elements of technology and composition (SFUMATO, pyramidal construction, counterarost), which were innovations Leonardo, but also borrowed some of the ideas of the Master already recognized at that time. The beginning of this influence can be traced even in the painting "Three Graces" - Rafael Santi uses a more dynamic composition in it than in the early works.

Roman period

In 1508, Rafael arrived in Rome and lived there until the end of his days. Friendship with Donato Bramante, the chief architect of the Vatican, provided him with a warm welcome at the courtyard of Pope Julia II. Almost immediately after the move, Raphael began large-scale work on frescoes for Stanza Della Segnatura. Compositions adorning the walls of the Papal Cabinet are still considered an ideal monumental painting. The frescoes, among whom the Athenian School and "Splitting Affairs" are occupied by a special place, provided Raphael deserved recognition and an endless flow of orders.

Rome Raphael opened the largest workshop of the Renaissance - under the supervision of Santi, more than 50 students and artist's assistants worked, many of which later became outstanding painters (Julio Romano, Andrea Sabbatini), sculptors and architects (Lorenzetto).

The Roman period is characterized by architectural research of Rafael Santi. In short, he was one of the most influential architects of Rome. Unfortunately, few of the developed plans managed to implement due to the untimely his death and subsequent changes in the architecture of the city.

Madonna Rafael

For his rich career, Rafael created more than 30 cloths depicting Mary and Baby Jesus. Madonna Rafael Santi is divided into Florentine and Roman.

Florentine Madonns - created under the influence of Leonardo and Vinci Linen, depicting a young Maria with a baby. Often, near Madonna and Jesus, John the Baptist is depicted. Florentine Madonns are characterized by tranquility and maternal charming, Rafael does not use dark tones and dramatic landscapes, so the main focus of his paintings are beautiful, modest and loving mothers depicted on them, as well as the perfection of forms and harmony of lines.

Roman Madonna - paintings, in addition to the individual style and technology of Raphael, there is no more influence. Another difference of Roman cloth is the composition. While Florentine Madonns are depicted by three quarters, Romans are more often written in full growth. The main product of this series is the magnificent " Sistine Madonna", Which is called" perfection "and compare with musical symphony.

Rafael Machines

Monumental canvases adorning the walls of the Papal Palace (and now the Vatican Museum) are considered the greatest works Raphael. It is difficult to believe that the work on Stanza Della Segnatura artist finished three and a half years. Frescoes, among which the magnificent "Athens School" is written extremely in detail and efficiently. Judging by the drawings and preparatory sketches, the work on them was an incredibly laborious process, which once again testifies to the diligence and artistic talent of Rafael.

Four frescoes from Stanza Della Segnatura depict the four spheres of the spiritual life of a person: philosophy, theology, poetry and justice - the composition "Athens School", "Spore about the communion", "Parnas" and "Wisdom, moderation and power" ("Mirinese virtues") .

Rafael received an order for the painting of two other rooms: Stanza Dell'Incendio Di Borgo and Stanza d'Eliaodoro. The first contains frescoes with compositions describing the history of the papacy, and the second is the divine patronage of the Church.

Rafael Santi: Portraits

Portrait genre in the work of Rafael takes not such a prominent role as religious and even mythological or historical painting. Early portraits of the artist are technically lagging behind his rest, but the subsequent development of technology and the study of human forms allowed Rafael to create realistic portraitspenetrated by the artist inherent in serenity and clarity.

Written portrait of Pope Julia II to this day is an example for imitating and object of aspiration for young artists. Harmony and balance technical execution And the emotional load of the picture creates a unique and deep impression, which only Rafael Santi could achieve. The photo is not capable of what the portrait of Pope Julia II was achieved at one time - people who had seen him, frightened and cried, so ideally Rafael managed to transfer not only the face, but also the mood and nature of the image object.

Another influential portrait in the performance of Raphael - "Portrait of Baldassare Castiglion", which at one time copied Rubens and Rembrandt.

Architecture

The architectural style of Raphael has been subjected to a completely anticipated influence of Bramte, that is why the short period of stay of Rafael is the chief architect of the Vatican and one of the most influential Architects of Rome is so important to maintain the stylistic unity of buildings.

Unfortunately, few of the construction plans of the Great Masters exist to this day: some of the plans of Raphael were not carried out because of his death, and some of the already built projects were either demolished or moved and redone.

Raphael's hand has a plan inland yard Vatican and painted loggias overlooking him, as well as the Round Church of Sant 'Eligio Degli Orefici and one of the chapel in the Church of St. Mary del Poppolo.

Graphic work

Rafael Santi's painting is not the only appearance of fine art in which the artist has achieved perfection. Most recently, one of his drawings ("The Head of the Young Prophet") was sold at auction for 29 million pounds, becoming the most expensive pattern in the entire history of art.

To date, there are about 400 drawings belonging to Raphael's hand. Most of them are sketches to picturesque workHowever, there are also those that can easily be considered separate, independent works.

Among the graphic works of Raphael there are several compositions created in collaboration with Markantonio Raimondi, who created a variety of engravings in the drawings of the Great Master.

Artistic heritage

Today, such a thing as the harmony of forms and flowers in painting is synonymous with the name of Rafael Santi. The Renaissance Epoch has acquired a unique artistic vision And almost perfect performance in the work of this wonderful master.

Rafael left the descendants artistic and ideological heritage. It is so rich and diverse that it is hard to believe, looking at what a short one has been his life. Rafael Santi, despite the fact that his work was temporarily covered by the wave of mannerism, and then Baroque, remains one of the most influential artists in the history of world art.