Chesmenov pg brief biography. A bit to the musical beauty, to the movements of the soul

17.07.2019

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"Not every meeting of singing can be called a choir." These words are attributed to Pavel Chesnokov. He composed and secular music, but became famous in the first place as the church Orthodox composer. His encyclopedic work "Choir and management of them" can be called the Bible of the choir conductors.

His name is called along with the names of such corneses like Rakhmaninov and Tchaikovsky. The heritage of garlicov includes about five hundred choir works. He wrote processing folk songs, choir and romances to poems by Russian poets, children's songs. But the main part of his creativity is spiritual works: copyright and translating the traditional bindings of Orthodox worship. Among them - the full cycles of liturgy and all-sleeping vigil, the Opus "Praise the name of the Lord", "Great Slavor", "to the Most Holy Lady" and other writings entering the Golden Foundation of the Church Musical Culture. The music of garlic is deeply national and distinctive, each of his melody helps to convey the words of prayer to believers hearts.

Of course, in the Soviet years, Paul Grigorievich's church music did not perform. But in the 80s, the spiritual works of garlicov began to penetrate the repertoire of academic choirs and endured the test of the most stringent court.

Tatyana Klimenko

Pavel Grigorievich Chesnokov is one of the largest representatives of the Russian choir culture of the late XIX - the first half of the twentieth century, a versatile choral figure - a composer, conductor and a teacher.

PG Beschovkov was born on October 24, 1877 in the village of Ivanovo Zvenigorod district of the Moscow province, in the family of the employee. Father combined service with the work of the church regent in a small factory chore, where the musical development of the boy began. In 1886, he was defined in the Moscow Synodal School, which graduated brilliantly in 1895. In the same year, he began to teach in his native school (in 1901-1904 he was an assistant to the resent of the Synodal Choir and in 1895-1904 - a teacher of the Synodal School). At about these same years, the musician worked in two urban initial male schools, and later he taught singing in women's educational institutions.

Khremistere activities P.G.Ch. Beszokova began in 1900 in the Church of Moskov and Demyan in Shubin (near Tver Street). From 1902 to 1914, he led the amateur choir at the church of the Trinity on the mud, where he achieved significant results. Then, in 1915-1917, P.G. M. Khovnokov stood at the head of the Russian Choir Society (in 1916-1917 - also supervised the Room of Rozhov), invited to the major cities of Russia to participate in concerts and the summer regent teacher's courses in St. Petersburg (1911-1916 ).

In the Soviet era, the performing activities of the musician reached new vertices. Chesnokov headed many professional choir teams of Moscow: Second State Choir (1919, 1921), State Academic Choir Chapel (1922-1927), Perevacultic Choir (1928-1932), worked by Khomaisister Bolshoi Tetara, led the choir Chapel of Moscow Philharmonic (1932-1933 ).

In the mid-1930s, Pavel Grigorievich worked in choral amateur, achieving remarkable results in some cases (CPC's choir and the name of Gorky, etc.), conducted methodological courses for self-playing managers, taught special choral disciplines in the School named after the October Revolution.

The characteristic quality of the performance of the choirs, led by garlic, was lightweight, beautiful, flight sound. Choral groups under his control were distinguished by an excellent ensemble, we build, the subtlety. The theoretical work of PG Higher, the "Choir and Management of them" is widely known, over which the author has worked from 1918 to 1929 (published in 1940) a guide for choral conduits was generalized by the executive and pedagogical experience of the author.

As composer Pavel Grigorievich graduated from a conservatory in 1917 with a silver medal. In the fall of 1920, garlics became part of the teachers of the Moscow Conservatory, where he worked until the end of his days. In the conservatory, he led the Solfeggio and theory (1920-1924) (1920-1924), he led the choir class (1924-1926; 1932-1934), he participated in the opera class productions, read the category of cholar (1925-1928). In 1932, becoming a professor, led a class of special conducting. Among his students: I.Litzhenko, Luzenin, Yu.Petrovsky, A.Pokrovsky, S. Popov, A. Khazanov.

Peru of the composer belongs to about 360 chants, 18 works for mixed choir a Cappella , 21 Works for the female choir with piano, 20 children's songs, 21 romances.

In recent years of life, the composer made 22 processing of Russian folk songs for soloists, mixed and male choir a Cappella , Created about 20 chants and 4 romances. Many choral essays still have been widely known and loved by performers. Spiritual empasses of PG Higherous - two liturgies of St. John of Zlatoust for the female choir, opus 9 and 16; Liturgy of the festivated gifts, opus 24; Liturgy St. John of Zlatoust, Opus 42; Liturgy St. John Zlatoust, Opus 50s and Vigil Vigil, 50-B Opus; And individual chants are the brightest samples of Russian musical culture.

Pavel Grigorievich Chesnokov (12 (24) October 1877, Zvenigorod district, Moscow province - March 14, 1944, Moscow) - Russian composer, choral conductor, author widely executed spiritual compositions.

Biography

Born near the city of Voskresensk (now Istra) in the family of rural regent. Father - Grigory Petrovich, Mother - Marfa Fedorovna Chesnocks. From five years he began to sing in the choir of his father. All children in the family showed musical gifts, and five of the Chesnock Brothers at different times studied in the Moscow Synodal School of Church Singing (Troy - Mikhail, Pavel and Alexander became certified rents.

In 1895, garlics graduated with honors from the Synodal School. Subsequently, she took the lessons of the composition at S. I. Taneyev, E. Zonus and M. M. Ippolitova-Ivanova. At the end of the Synodal School, he worked in various Moscow schools and schools: in 1895-1904 he taught in a synodal school, and in 1901-1904 he was an assistant to the regent of the Synodal Choir. In 1916-1917, he conducted a chapel of the Russian choir society (on Kuznetsky Bridge in Torletsky's house - Zaharin).

In 1917, garlicov received a diploma of the Moscow Conservatory for the classes of composition and conducting.

After the revolution, Pavel Grigorievich led the State Academic Choir Chapel, was the Khomaisister Bolshoi Theater. From 1920s, he also taught conducting conducting and cholar in the Moscow Conservatory. After 1928, it was forced to leave the regency and the essay of spiritual music. In 1940, he published a monumental work for Harvestment "Choir and Management of them."

Calcles died in Moscow on March 14, 1944 from myocardial infarction. According to the common version, he fell, standing in line for bread, and the cause of the infarction was the overall depletion of the body. Buried on the Vagankovsky cemetery. Since the beginning of the 2000s, attempts were made to obtain an official permission to install the monument on the grave of the composer, but none of them were crowned with success.

Musical works

In total, the composer created about five hundred choir plays-spiritual essays and transfers of traditional vehicles (among them there are several full cycles of liturgy and all-sleeping vigil, memorial and dihid, cycles "to the Most Holy Lady", "in the days of Brahi", "to the Lord God"), processing of folk Songs, choirs for poems of Russian poets. Garlic - one of the most prominent representatives of the so-called "new direction" in Russian spiritual music; For him, it is typical, on the one hand, the magnificent possession of a choral letter, an excellent knowledge of different types of traditional singing (which is especially manifested in its arrangements of the sowing), and on the other hand, to a large emotional openness in the expression of a religious feeling, up to direct convergence with a song or Romance lyrics (especially typically for the very popular spiritual essays for solo voice with chorus). Its choirs are distinguished by the latitude of the range, using low bass (octavist), the use of complementary rhythm and are usually available to highly qualified collectives.

The main focus of Creator Chesnokov was spiritual music, he wrote over 400 spiritual choirs (almost everything - until 1917) of different genres ("Liturgy", "Veligid", concerts with solo soprano, alta, tenor, bass, bass octave; Arrangements of the Old Russian Claims, arrangements for male choir, etc.). These essays were very popular (although the author did not escape the reproaches in the "romances"). The spiritual essays of garlicov began to be executed (after a long year of silence) only recently.

The content of the secular works of garlic is usually the contemplative perception of nature, precisely those "the dawn", "August", "night", "winter", "Alps". Even in the "Dubinushka", the music of garlicama softens the socially pointed text of L. N. Trefolev. The composer made a number of complex concert treatments of Russian folk songs ("Hey, Human", "in the field Berezonka stood", "Ah you, Birch"), often introducing soloists in them ("Ah you, Seni", "Granva", "went Mladushenka, "Luchichin and Dubinushka"). Some of his copyright choirs are written in the folk spirit, such as the "forest" on the words of A. V. Koltsov, "For the River for the Quick" and "Not Flower in the field," the words A. N. Ostrovsky; In the "Dubinushka" used in the form of a genuine folk song.

In total, garlics wrote over 60 secular mixed choirs A Cappella, as well as (in connection with the pedagogical work in women's guesthouses) - more than 20 women's choirs with deployed piano ("green noise", "leaves", "uncompressed strip", " Peasant Pirushka "). Several male chores garlicowa - Arrangement of the same works for mixed composition.

October 24, 1877 - March 14, 1944

russian Choir Conductor, Composer, Church Regent, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory

Biography

Born near the city of Voskresensk (now Istra) in the family of rural regent. All children in the family showed musical gifts, and five of the Chesnock Brothers at different times studied in the Moscow Synodal School of Church Singing (Troy - Mikhail, Pavel and Alexander became certified rents.

In 1917, garlicov received a diploma of the Moscow Conservatory for the classes of composition and conducting.

Musical works

In total, the composer created about five hundred choir plays: spiritual writings and transfers of traditional binders (among them there are several full cycles of liturgies and all-sleeping vigil, memorial cycles, cycles "to the Most Holy Vladychitsa", "in the days of Brahi", "to the Lord God"), processing of folk Songs, choirs for poems of Russian poets. Garlic - one of the most prominent representatives of the so-called "new direction" in Russian spiritual music; For him, it is typical, on the one hand, the magnificent possession of a choral letter, an excellent knowledge of different types of traditional singing (which is especially manifested in its arrangements of the sowing), and on the other hand, to a large emotional openness in the expression of a religious feeling, up to direct convergence with a song or Romance lyrics (especially typically for the very popular spiritual essays for solo voice with chorus).

Date of death Country

Russian empire RSFSR the USSR

Professions

composer, choral conductor

Pavel Grigorievich Chesnokov (12 (24) October 1877, Zvenigorod district, Moscow province - March 14, 1944) - Russian composer, choral conductor, author widely executed spiritual compositions.

Biography

Musical works

Literature

Chesmenov P. G.. Choir and management of them. Manual for choral conduits. Ed. 3-E.- M., 1961
Dmitrevskaya K. Russian Soviet choral music. Vol. 1.- M.: "Soviet composer", 1974.- P. 44-69
List of published spiritual essays P. G. Chesnokov

Links

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Watch what is "Chesnokov, Pavel Grigorievich" in other dictionaries:

- (1877 1944) Russian choral conductor. In 1895 1916 Lecturer of the Synodal School (People's Choral Academy), in 1917 22 Chief conductor of the Moscow State Choir, in 1922 28 Head of Moscow Chapel. The author of the first Russian ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Soviet choral conductor, teacher and composer. He graduated in 1895 a Synodal School as a choral conductor, in 1917- Moscow Conservatory in the class of composition from ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Chesnokov, Pavel Grigorievich - Chesnokov Pavel Grigorievich (1877 1944), choral conductor, composer and teacher. Head of many choirs (church and secular). One of the largest representatives of Russian choral culture. About 500 essays for choir; The first in Russia is capital ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1877 1944), choral conductor, regent, composer. In 1895 1916 Lecturer of the Synodal School (People's Choral Academy), in 1917 22 Chief Conductor of the Moscow State Choir, in 1922 28 Head of Moscow Chapel. The author of the first ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1877, near the city of Voskresensk Moscow province, now G. Istra, 1944, Moscow), composer, choral conductor, regent. From the family of the clergy. In 1895 he graduated from the Synodal School of Church Singing; In 1895 99 she took the lessons of the composition at S.I. Taneyev, ... ... Moscow (Encyclopedia)

Rod. 1877, mind. 1944. Choir conductor. He was the chief conductor of the Moscow State Choir (1917 22), led by Moscow Chapel (1922 28). The author of musical works for choir. Since 1921, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory ... Large biographical encyclopedia

- (24 (12) October 1877 March 14, 1944) Russian choral conductor, composer, church regent, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory (since 1921). Born 24 (12 old style) October 1877 near the city of Voznesensk Zvenigorod district ... ... Wikipedia

Grigorievich Russian Choir Conductor, Composer, Church Regent, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory Chesnelov, Pavel Vasilyevich Artist, Heraldist ... Wikipedia

Chesnokov Pavel Grigorievich (24 (12) October 1477 March 14, 1944) Russian choral conductor, composer, church regent, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory (since 1921). 24 (12 old style) was born in October 1877 near the city of Voznesensk ... ... Wikipedia

Chesnokov, Pavel Grigorievich Russian Choir Conductor, Composer, Church Regent, Professor of the Moscow Conservatory Chesnocks, Pavel Vasilyevich Artist, Heraldist ... Wikipedia

Books

Choir and management of them. Tutorial, Chesnokov Pavel Grigorievich, P. G. Chesnokov - one of the largest masters of Russian choral culture, contributing to his versatile musical activity to raise it to a new one, the highest level. True work ... Category: Music Series: Textbooks for universities. Special literature Publisher:

Pavel Grigorievich Chesnokov (1877-1 1944)

Spiritual choirs.

Son of the church regent (under Zvenigorod). Early discovered music. Abilities and wonderful voice. Entered the Synod. Accessories and finished it with a gold medal. Student Smolensky and (privately) Taneyev. Since 1903 - Regent; Quickly becomes known writings and wonderful work with the choir. Taught in the Synod. The student and annual summer regent courses in St. Petersburg, actively participated in regent congresses. In 1913 (at 36 years, being a famous composer and conductor) entered Moscow. Cons. (upp. IPP.-Ivanova). After the revolution, he taught and conducted in different places (ICC. OKT. Rev., 2nd State Agriculture, Mosk. Acad. Capella, Choir of the Bolshoi Theater, Capella Mosk. Philharmonic, choral class (later - Department) Conservatory), At the same time Without leaving the regency (up to 32 in the Church of Christ the Savior, who he did not want to leave even a minute before the explosion, the latter came out of the temple). In 1940, published the book "Choir and Management of them" (originally conceived as a generalization of regent experience), which has become one of the main and best chorus textbooks since then. During the war of garlic, remaining the regent, did not go to evacuation with the professors of the conservatory and, having lost the bread cards, hungry and died at the beginning of 44 g. (The frozen body was found at the bakery on the st. Herzen).

Since the 1900s, garlicov received great fame as regent and author of spiritual music. For a long time, he led the Church of the Trinity Church on the mud (on Pokrovka), from 1917 to 1928 - Church of the Church of Vasily Neokezarovsky on Tverskaya; He also worked with other choirs, gave spiritual concerts. His works were included in the repertoire of the Synodal Choir and other major choirs. Total Chesnock was created about five hundred choir plays - spiritual writings and transfers of traditional bindings (among them there are several full cycles of liturgies and all-distance vigil, memorial cycles ( To the Most Holy Mother of God, In the days of Brani, To the Lord God.), treatments of folk songs, choirs for poems of Russian poets.

The author of many writings and harmonization, the creator of its inimitable and always recognizable style of choral writing. The sophistication and beauty of harmony, emotional depth and purity, the great melodic gift make garlicis the largest spiritual composer XX in. Despite the wonderful knowledge of the votes and the laws of the choral invoice of the Choir of Chesnokov (as well as solo parties: "Angel of Oblast", "yes will correct", etc.) Very complex and "risky" for church execution: they need to sing or very well and strictly Or not to sing in general - the slightest emotional "push" can turn the finest harmonies into unacceptable "sustainability" and sentimentality.

As the composer of garlic uses wide, worldwide fame. It is written a lot of vocal works (over 60 opuses), mainly for a mixed choir without instrumental support, over 20 women's choirs accompanied by piano, several treatments for Russian folk songs, romances and songs for solo voice.

His vocal choral flair, understanding of nature and expressive capabilities of the singing voice have little equal not only in the works of domestic, but also foreign choral literature.

He knew and felt the "mystery" of vocal choral expressiveness. Maybe strict ear and the shaky eyes of a professional criticism will celebrate the salonity of individual harmonies, sentimental sweetenness of some revolutions and sequences in its scores. It is especially easy to come to this conclusion, playing score on the piano, without a clearly clear view of her sound in the choir. But listen to the same work in the lively of the choir. The nobility and expressiveness of vocal sound in a huge extent transform what was heard on the piano, the same music appears quite in another way and can attract, touch the soul, and sometimes admire the listener. "You can go through all choir literature in the last hundred years and is little reached equal to the Chesnock mastery of knowledge of choral sound," said the conversation with us a prominent Soviet choral figure G. A. Dmitrevsky.

Many choral works of garlicov firmly entered the concert repertoire of choral teams, in the training programs of the class of conductor-choral specialty. Some of them can be fairly attributed to the works of Russian choral classics.

The love of choral creativity in all its manifestations was the meaning of the entire life of P. G. Chesnokov. However, the brightest side of his artistic aspirations was, perhaps, love for choral performance. If the passion and the need for the composition was able to cool with age, then the love of work with the choir, he retained until the end of his days. "Egorushka, give me an hour to stand in front of the choir," he asked his beloved assistant on the chapel of the Moscow state philharmonic name G. A. Dmitrevsky, having come to choral singing without recovering after the disease. In a heavy 1943, shortly before death, when a decision was taken on the organization of professional chapels at the Moscow Conservatory, garlics, the patient and almost already disabled, touching N. M. Danillin, who had planned the artistic director of Capella, give him the opportunity to work with the choir.

Without exclusion, the choir, headed by Chesnokov, during his many years of creative activity, sought excellent artistic results. In some cases, the choir led by them reached exclusively high vocal and technical skills and bright expressiveness.

In working with chorus of garlic appeared as a magnificent sign of choral singing, an excellent educated musician and a talented highly professional conductor. Perhaps, it can be said that his work with the choir was not fulfilled that exciting interest and brightly directed volitional

the direction of the leading team to the artistic goal, a predetermined conductor, as it could be observed, for example, N. M. Danilina. Nevertheless, every step of his work with the choir was deeply understood and consistent, every requirement is completely appropriate and clearly, in all the actions of the choir felt his leadership - the hot creative feeling and strong thought of a big artist and the musician. All his activities with the choir, from the rehearsal to the concert inclusive, never wore the nature of the ordinaries and handicrafts.

He was a great connoisseur practitioner of the vocal nature and performers of the human voice. Excellent possessing theoretical foundations and technique of singing art, garlic, as a true master of their business, considered the work on the vocal in the Chief of the Pareous, requiring a special approach performed by each given work. There was restrained about the statement of the voice, but was very attentive to choral and solo singing sound; Vocal laws, both in working with the choir, and in the composition knew and took into account always. He told how A. V. Nezhdanova, who had perfectly clean intonation, was not accustomed enough exactly solo written for her garlic. Attentively reviewing the work and deeply thinking the causes of unclean intonation, he noted the abundance of transitional notes. Changed the tonality, several sounds, and the solo sounded perfectly.

Works of Pavel Chesnikov are very winning in a concert plan. They allow the singers to best demonstrate their vocal possibilities. But it is not always good from the point of view of the church, because for worship does not require the effects and bright colorfulness of the sound. On the contrary, they interfere with the deepening and rigor of prayer, and therefore are few compatible with worship. However, this was manifested by the universality of the talent of Pavel Chesnokov. He was closely in a narrow framework, and the composer by the grace of God argued with the regent of church choirs. And this dispute was not always ended with an unequivocal decision. The name of Pavel Chesnokov is called next to such famous names as Peter Tchaikovsky, Sergey Rakhmaninov, Sergey Taneyev, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov. All of them belong to the so-called Moscow composer school. Music of these composers inherent deep lyricism and psychologicality.

Garlic - one of the most prominent representatives of the so-called. "New Destiner" in Russian spiritual music for him is typical, on the one hand, the magnificent possession of the choral letter, the excellent knowledge of different types of traditional singing (which is especially manifested in its arrangements of the sowing), and on the other - a large emotional openness in the expression of a religious feeling , Up to direct convergence with a song or romance lyrics (especially typical of the very popular spiritual essays for solo voice with a choir).

Pavel Chesnokov was a highly class master of polyphony. Russian Orthodox spiritual music in the form, as it exists today, most advantageous. The polyphony began to penetrate Russian spiritual music in the XVII century. And before that, for the sixth centuries, from the moment of the baptism of ancient Russia in 988, the one-haired church singing, which came to Russia, as well as Christianity itself, through Byzantium. The element of one-snealing was rich in his own way and expressive. Such singing was called bannant singing from the Vine Slavonic Word "Banner", which means "sign". Another "banners" was called "hooks". With the help of "banners" or "hooks", sounds were recorded in Russia, and these signs really resembled outwardly different in the form of the hook. Such a recording of sounds did not have anything in common with not only in appearance, but even on the principle of recording. It was a whole culture that existed over 500 years and then, by virtue of historical reasons, as if departed in the sand. Among modern musicians are enthusiasts looking in archives ancient manuscripts and deciphering them. Problen singing is gradually returning to church source, but still perceived more like rarity, exotic. To honor Paul Garlicova, it should be said that he also gave a tribute to bannant singing, and his sensitivity of the musician who felt the prospect of musical historical development was shown. He made harmonization of bannyal bindings, trying to connect the past with the present. But still, in his musical and artistic essence, he belonged to our era and practiced a polyphony.

This is what the head of the Church Church of the Moscow Temple of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos Valentin Maslovsky said: "It was an outstanding person. He was the last regent of the christ of Christ the Savior, the former Moscow Cathedral blown up in Stalin's time. When the temple was destroyed, Pavel Chesnokov was so shocked, Pavel Chesnokov was so shocked by this, What stopped writing music. He gave a kind of vows silence. As the composer he died with the temple of Christ the Savior. The magnificent musician, Pavel Chesnokov very thinly felt every word, every verse, every prayer. And all this reflected in music. "

"Chesnocks sounds in the temples a lot, and this is not by chance," says Marina Nonovova, the Regent of the Church of Saints Saintsybrenniki and Damian in Moscow, Candidate of Art History. - This is a unique figure among composers of church music, because it combined a very good academic composer education with the highest composer technology. At the same time, occurring from the family of hereditary regent, he was in the temple from childhood, he served me and knew the applied church tradition very well. He finely felt worship. Music is extremely deep in his spirituality. "

Basic I put my observations over many years of practical work, by setting theoretical substantiation of conclusions proven in practice. In the proposed book, it should not, however, look for any strict scientific provisions. My goal was to consolidate and systematize the reached by many years of practice. I wanted to make it easier for novice conductors that the path that went myself.

Let this my job be the beginning of the development of choral science.

There are 2 directions in the work of garlic: 1. Power in church music on the banned sneaking ("the mercy of the world", "praise the name of the Lord") 2. Using the turns of the Russian lyrical romance ("Twee Toya")

All-night vigil - evening service, which begins in the evening. Chin, the content of this service has developed in the first centuries of adopting Christianity. What is the meaning of the vigil? Saving humanity in the Old Testament Time (before the birth of Jesus Christ) through faith in the coming Messiah - Savior. All-night open with a bell tower - Blagoveste and combines a great evening with lithium and blessings of breads, morning and first hour. For centuries, the moral and edging nature of readings and chants was evident. During the service, the Holy Trinity is glorified. In the main choral parts, important events are concluded, they develop the story canvas of the narration, and at the same time they are emotional, psychological and spiritual climax. One of the first large numbers is "bless, my soul, gentlemen" for text 103 Psalm. This is a story about creating the world by the world, the glorification of the Creator of all earthly and heavenly. This is a solemn, joyful song about the harmony of the universe, all existing. But the man dismissed the ban of God and for his sin was expelled from Paradise. After reading the Gospel and the Choir "Resurrection of Christ Hosvevsh", canon is read in honor of any holy and holiday of this worship service. In front of the song 9 canon Dyakon urged to exalted by singing the Virgin, and the choir sings the song "Majses the soul of my gentlemen." This is a song from the face of the Virgin, his own Slav's Mary, said when meeting with the righteous Elisteaute. Virgo Maria appeals to her with the words revealing the delight and the joy of her soul. "And Maria said: Majses the soul of my Lord; And the spirit rejoiced to my God, the Savior, I wishes that he won his slave for his humility; For from now on, all the birth will be pleased; What made me greatness strong and holy name it "(Gospel from Luke, Chapter 1, Art. 46-49). Compare briefly different options - everyday and concert - four main choirs of all-bedroom. In the usual sowing "bless, my soul, gentlemen", despite the misfortune of expressive drugs in melodies and harmony, an exalted image is created, pure, expressing the delight of the soul. In the "all-in-bed" Rakhmaninov "bless, my soul, gentlemen" was written for choir and soloist-alta. As a basis of the topic, the composer took the ancient Greek bias and in complex choral processing retained the features of ancient chants. The image created by Rachmaninov, harsh, ascetic, strict, and at the same time "discharged" in music in more detail, with a thin nuunt of dynamics and tempo. "Sveta quiet" is usually deployed, large choirs. The Choir of the Kiev manner is lyrical, elevated and peaceful. Music conveys the essence of what is happening - the immersion in perception, contemplation of a quiet, gracious light. The melody of the upper voice seems to be swayed and steen against the background of other voices forming a barely noticeable, soft change of harmonic paints.

The beginning of the Christian church singing was consecrated by an example of Jesus Christ, who graduated from the secret evening with singing Psalms: "And, having, they went to the mountain of Eleonskaya" (Matt.26: 30). In the 4th century, all the cyanocution of the Christian Church was satisfied. The fusion of the VIII century was established and by the beginning of the 7th century, litrointestinal singing was established by the greatest songmaker John Damascus. A single type of fan is adopted, which is observed by Dynam. In 988, Russia adopted Christianity, and Prince Vladimir brought to Kiev, together with the clergy, singers from Bulgaria and full clearing (choir) from Greece. Thus, the initial formation of Russian church music is based on the mixture of Bulgarian and Greek styles. The most ancient challenge of the church is the banned branch, which received its name from the word "banner" - "sign". These signs raised above the words of prayers. The singing of the entire Orthodox Church until the XVI century was only melodic, performed - a male chorus in unison (unanimously, the simultaneous sound of two or several sounds of the same height) or antiphon (two choirs alternately). Large durations were used, there was no size, many biases of one syllable. The largest scientists in the decoding of hook singing is Victor Brazhnikov.

ASSMORE

Actually, the Russian fourth century was as follows to the XII century, when the banned sowing reached the apogee of its development. The theory of the fusion is set forth in the book "Svyatogradts", the manuscript is kept in the Paris Library. In practice, the "Octaich" book is still applied, where the service is written for each day of the week for each of the eight glasses, and separately on holidays. In the axis, there are 4 glazes of the basic and 4 auxiliary. They were on the basis of people's labors (there are 7 main organs of folk music: Ionian, Dorian, Frigian, Lidi, Mixolidian, Eoli, Lacrian). Selo weeks are counted from Easter.Voice - a certain motive; It happens 4 victims: tropharnya, storm, irmared, power.Tropear - Home short prayer to any holy or holiday.Poems - Several short prayers in which any event is described.Irmosa - the first canon song; Last Song - confusion . Stepnena - A brief prayer before reading the gospel, shared by the words "Glory and Now."

The first mention of polyphony refers to the beginning of the XVI century. He was called still "line squeezing". The more diverse there was a horizontal (melody) of such singing, the more difficult it was his vertical (well, if simply is a chord - several sounds, different in height, which are taken at the same time in several voices), to which they did not pay attention at all. The multi-hazelney was made from the imposition of several bannyal bindings one to another. At the beginning of the XVII century, the linear notification is distributed (begin to record notes, and not hooks icons as before). At the end of the XVII century, a result of Polish influence, harmonic partare singing is spread, first in the form of edging ("song") - short high-grade chants (Kant more relates to secular music, but also in spiritual music is used too). For example, Kant "Orel Russian", dedicated to the Poltava victory of Peter I.

In the annual circle of worship, the whole story is depicted, fate, the whole life of the church, her teachings, dogmas, lives, the suffering of the Lord Jesus Christ, the Mother of God, the Apostles, the Prophets, Martyrs. The main types of Orthodox service are liturgy and a vigil vigil. The word "liturgy" translated from Greek means "general business". In the Old Testament, it was established that people pray and brought victims to God at a certain watch (54th Psalm of King David). These prayers are being read now in the church in front of the liturgia and the all-night luck and are called "clock" (1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th). 1st hour - 7 in the morning (court over Jesus Christ in the New Testament); 3rd hour - 9 am (the descent of St.Duha on the Apostles); 6th hour - 12-14 hours (the sufferings of Christ); 9th hour - 15 hours (his godfather).

Liturgy (Lover)

Liturgy - Morning worship, in which the Eucharist (communion) is committed in Liturgy 3 parts: 1. Ancecry (bringing) - served without singing. 2. Liturgy announced (announced - these are people who are preparing to accept baptism). Chants: 1) bless, my soul, gentlemen (102nd Psalm of King David); 2) Humped, my soul, gentlemen (145th Psalm) in the designated psalms depicts the benefits of God's human race. 3) the only beggar son (prayer); 4) Evangelical bliss; 5) Truce.

3. Liturgy is true. Chanting: 1) The Kheruvim Song, in which the call sounds to postpone the everyday care and rushing with thoughts to God; 2) the symbol of faith - read on the branches of all parishioners; 3) the mercy of the world - consists of three sections: 1 - the mercy of the world victim of praise; 2 - Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God Savaof ("Lord of the Forces of Heaven") - praise the Lord with the angels; 3 - We sing - the descent of the Holy Spirit on bread and wine, putting them into the body and the blood of the Lord. 4) worthy is - the song of the Virgin. They remember those for whom the victim of Christ brought, first of all - the Most Holy Mother of God. 5) Our father - is read on bolting by all parishioners; 6) involved verse, during which priests are involved in the altar, then prayers are read to communion; 7) Choir "Body Christ" - at this time parishioners are tested; 8) Visible Light True - Prayer after communion in gratitude.

Vigil vigil

Performed on the eve of Liturgy in the evening. Consists of evening and uterine.Vespers 1) bless, my soul, gentlemen (103 psalm); 2) Blessed husband (1st Psalm); 3) the stimilers on the entanglement "Lord, the crowd to you"; 4) light quiet; 5) SPO, Lord; 6) now vaccine; 7) the Virgin Devo, rejoice (the song of the Virgin Mary); 8) Small Slavs - Ends Evening ("Glory to the Vointed God").Morning 1) praise the name of the Lord; 2) reading the Gospel; 3) Resurrection of Christ Hosurev; 4) Canon, where the prayers are read and irony; 5) Majses the soul of my Lord (the song of the Virgin); 6) the stimit ("every breath is so famous for the Lord"); 7) the Great Great; 8) The Anthem of the Virgin "Waving Waving Visigar"