Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich - famous Russian writer, state official and public figure, literary and theatrical critic, memoirist, author of books about fishing and hunting, lepidopterologist. Father Russian writers and public figures of Slavophilov: Konstantin, Ivan and faith of Aksakov. Corresponding Member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Sergey Aksakov (September 20) was born on October 1, 1791 in the city of Ufa. He came from an old, but poor noble family. Father His Timofey Stepanovich Aksakov was a provincial official. Mother - Maria Nikolaevna Aksakov, nebulic tender, very educated woman for his time and social circle.
The childhood of Aksakov passed in Ufa and in the estate of Novo-Aksakovo. A significant impact on the formation of the personality of Aksakov in early childhood was his grandfather Stepan Mikhailovich. Far walks in the forest or in the steppe laid deep, powerful layers of impressions, which later, decades later, became inexhaustible sources of artistic creativity. Little Aksakov loved to listen to the stories of the fortress nanny Pelagia, one of which was subsequently processed into the well-known fairy tale "Scarlet flower". Memories of childhood and adolescence Aksakov formed the basis of his memoir autobiographical trilogy: "Family Chronicle" (1856), "Children's Years of Bagrova-grandson" (1858), "Memories" (1856).
At the age of eight years, in 1801, Aksakov was defined in the Kazan gymnasium. There, with interruptions due to illness, he studied until 1804, after which at the age of 14 was translated into just opened Kazan University. At the University of Aksakov, he successfully performed in the amateur theater and published handwritten magazines "Arcade Custrians" and "Journal of our classes". In them, he published his first literary experiments - poems written in naive-sentimental style.
From 1806, Aksakov takes part in the activities of the "Society of Lovers of Domestic Literature" under Kazan University. He interrupts his participation in it in June 1807 due to moving to St. Petersburg.
In St. Petersburg there was the first rapprochement of Aksakov with literary figures. During these years, Aksakov lived in St. Petersburg, then in Moscow, then in the village. After marriage (1816) at Olga Semenovna, Aksakov tried to settle in the village. He lived with his parents for five years, but in 1820 he was allocated, having received Nadedino in the winch (Orenburg province). Having moved for a year to Moscow, healed the wide open house. Old literary ties resumed, new ones. Aksakov entered the writer and literary life of Moscow. After a year in Moscow, Aksakov moved, for the sake of savings, to the Orenburg province and lived in the village until the fall of 1826.
In August 1826, Aksakov broke up with the village forever. He was here, but, in essence, to death remained a metropolitan resident. In Moscow, he met with his old patron Schishkov, now the Minister of Folk Enlightenment, and easily received from him the position of censor. Proximity to Posternity expanded the circle of literary acquaintances. From the post of censor, he was settled for the fact that he missed in the journal I.V. Kireevsky "European" Article "The Nineteenth Century". With the relationships of Aksakov, it was not difficult for him to be attached, and next year he received the inspector of the Aredmer School, and then, when it was transformed into the Konstantinovsky Meeting Institute, he was appointed his first director and organizer.
In 1839, Aksakov, provided with a great fortune, which he got after the death of his father, left the service and, after some hesitation, was no longer returned to her. He wrote during this time: a number of theatrical reviews in "dramatic additives" to the Moscow Bulletin and several small articles in Galatee (1828 - 1830). His translation of the Moliere's "miser" walked at the Moscow Theater in the Benefis Shchepkin. In 1830, printed in the Moscow Bulletin (without signature) his story "Recommendation Minister".
Finally, in 1834, Dennitsa appeared in Almanae, also without signature, his essay "Buran". According to critics, this is the first work speaking of the present writer Aksakov. Since then, the work of Aksakov developed smoothly and fruitfully.
Following the "Branule" began the "Family Chronicle". Already during these years, the well-known popularity surrounded Aksakov. His name enjoyed authority. The Academy of Sciences chose it more than once with a reviewer when awards awards.
Temporarily leaving the "Family Chronicle", he turned to the natural science and hunting memories, and his "notes on fishing" (Moscow, 1847) were its first broad literary success. "Notes of the Ruge Hunter of the Orenburg province" came out in 1852 and caused even more enthusiastic reviews than "Fish Cook." Among these reviews there are an article I.S. Turgenev. Simultaneously with hunting memories and characteristics, the author's thoughts about his childhood and his nearest ancestors were brewed.
Soon the new passages from the "Family Chronicles" began to appear at the release of the "Notes of the Ruge Hunter", and in 1856 she came out with a separate book.
The joy of literary success softened for Aksakov, the recent years of life. The material welfare of the family shaken; The health of Aksakov became worse. He is almost blind, the stories and dictation of memories filled the time that was not so long ago gave fishing, hunting and actuative communication with nature.
A number of works marked these recent years of his life. First of all, the "Family Chronicle" received its continuation in the "Children's years Bagrova Grandson."
"Literary and theatrical memories" Aksakov, who included "different writings" are full of interesting small certificates and facts, but are infinitely far from the meaning of Aksakov's stories about his childhood. I could have a deeper meaning and could have even more if it was completed, "the story of my acquaintance with Gogol."
These last essays are written in the intervals of a gravily disease, from which Aksakov died on April 30, 1859 in Moscow.
In 1991, when the 200th anniversary of Sergey Aksakov was widely celebrated, a memorial Museum of the Writer was opened in Ufa.
Few building boasts such a rich history as this wooden house near the river Belaya. It was built in the first half of the XVIII century. The building housed the Office of Ufa Vcrchristia. Here lived the family of grandfather of the writer on the mother line Nikolay Zubov. After the death of N.S. Zubova, the house bought the father of the writer - Timofey Aksakov.
In 1795, the whole family moved here to permanent residence. Here they lived until 1797. The first children's impressions of this house can be found in the famous book of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov "Children's Years of Bagrova-Grandsch." Here is a fragment from this family chronicle:
"We lived then in the provincial city of Ufa and occupied a huge Zubinsky wooden house ... The house was tailing with the plate, but not painted; He darkened from rains, and all this bulk had a very sad look. The house was stood on Kozochior, so the windows into the garden were very low from the ground, and the windows from the dining room to the street, on the opposite side of the house, Archshina was treated three above the ground; The front porch had more than twenty-five steps, and from it was visible the White River almost in his entire width ... "
With each corner of this house at Aksakov were associated with special, warm memories. This house is interesting in itself, as an excellent sample of the architecture of the XVIII century.

Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich (1791-1859) - a writer, distinguished by a subtle and original sense of nature. Author "Notes on Cool" and "Notes of a Ruzhny Hunter"; Memoirov: "Memories", "Literary and Theatrical Memories"; Autobiographical Dilogy "Family Chronicle". One of the most famous and respected Muscovites. Since 1827, the censor with the Moscow Cancer Committee, then Director of the Meeting Institute. In the 1830s Theatrical browser, journalist.

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich (09/20/1791-30.04.1859), the writer, originated from the old nobility family. Childhood spent in the generic estate of the Orenburg lips. He studied in the Kazan gymnasium and at Kazan University. In n. The 1820s published a cycle of romantic and parody poems. In 1821 he was elected a member of the Society of Russian Literature Amateurs at Moscow University. In 1826 finally settled in Moscow. His house became one of the centers of Moscow's literary life. Aksakovsky "Saturdays" visited A. N. Verst, N. I. Nadezhdin, S. P. Shevyrev, M. S. Shpkin, N. V. Gogol(I became a close friend of Aksakov), and in n. The 1840-x House Aksakov is one of the centers of the Members of the Slavophilic Mug. In 1827 - 32 Aksakov - Censor, then Chairman of the Moscow Cancer Committee (dismissed from the post for passing a parody of the police), from 1833 inspector, then director of Konstantinovsky Meeting Institute (up to 1838).

In the 2nd floor. 1840, despite the deterioration of health, the intensive literary activity of Aksakov begins. Published in 1847 "Notes on Fish Cool" brought him wide literary fame. The main place in the literary heritage Aksakov occupy the autobiographical stories "Family Chronicle" (1856) and " Children's Years Bagrova grandson "(1858); They are adjacent to "memories" (1856); "Literary and theatrical memories" (1856), "Biography of M. N. Zagoskin" (1853), "History of my dating with Gogol" (1880).

V. A. Fedorov

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich (1791 - 1859), Proseca. Born on September 20 (October 1, N.S.) in Ufa in the troves of the noble family. Childhood spent in the estate of Novo-Aksakov and in Ufa, where his father served as the prosecutor of the Upper Zemsky Court.

He studied in the Kazan gymnasium, and in 1805 he was adopted in the newly open Kazan University. The interest of Aksakova to the literature, the theater was manifested here; He began writing poems, successfully performed in student performances. Without finishing the university, moved to St. Petersburg, where he served as a translator in the Commission on the preparation of laws. However, his more artistic, literary and theatrical life of the capital. Take a wide range of dating.

In 1816 he marries O. Patch and leaves New-Aksakovo to his generic estate. The Aksakov had ten children, whose upbringing was paid to exceptional attention.

In 1826, Aksakov moved to Moscow. In 1827 - 32 Aksakov performed the duties of the censor, from 1833 to 1838 he served as inspector of the Konstantinovsky Meeting School, and then the first director of the Meeting Institute. But still the main attention he paid literary and theatrical activities. Essay "Buran", published in 1834, became a prologue of future autobiographical and natural works of Aksakov. At this time, he actively acts as a literary and theatrical critic.

The Aksakov House and the near Moscow estate Abramtsevo become a kind of cultural center, where there are writers and actors, journalists and critics, historians and philosophers.

In 1847, published the "notes about the fishe tense", which had a great success. In 1849, the "notes of a rifle hunter", in which the author showed himself as the heartfelt poet of Russian Nature. In the fifties, Aksakov's health deteriorates sharply, blindness comes, but it continues to work. His autobiographical books were specially popular - "Family Chronicle" (1856) and "Children's Years of Bagrova-grandson" (1858), written on the basis of children's memories and family legends.

In recent years of life, such memoirs, as "literary and theatrical memories", "meetings with martinists" have been created.

Materials KN: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich (09/20/1791-30.04 .1859), writer. Born in Ufa in an old poor noble family. Childhood spent in Ufa and in the genital estate in Novo-Aksakov. Without ending the University of Kazan, moved to Petersburg, where he served as a translator in the Commission on the preparation of laws. In 1827-32 served in Moscow censor, in 1833-38 - inspector of the Konstantinovsky Meeting School, then - Director of the Konstantinovsky Meeting Institute. From 1843, he lived mainly in the near Moscow estate Abramtsevo. It was visited by N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, M. S. Shchepkin. A prominent place in Russian memoir literature is occupied by the memories of Aksakov "The history of my dating with Gogol" (publ. 1890). In the 2nd floor. 20 - n. The 30s was engaged in theatrical criticism, opposed the epigalles of classicism and routine in scenic art, calling on actors to the "simplicity" and "naturalness" of execution. Aksakov rated the innovative character of the game P. S. Mochalov and M. S. Shchepkin. In 1834, Aksakov published an essay "Buran", which marked the beginning of his writing activity. In the first of his books: "Notes on the Uzhni" (1847), "Notes of the Ruzhny Hunter of the Orenburg province" (1852), "Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunting" (1855), originally designed for a narrow circle of fisheries and hunting lovers, Aksakov He showed himself as a writer who owns the wealth of a folk word and a fine observation, like the heartfelt poet of Russian Nature. I. S. Turgenev wrote that Aksakov's hunting books enriched "the general literature." An outstanding talent of Aksakov revealed in the books "Family Chronicle" (1856) and "Children's Years of Bagrova-grandson" (1858).

The main place in the Heritage of Aksakov occupies an autobiographical artistic prose, which is entirely based on the "memories of former life" and family legends. It was created with a deep impact on the Aksakov of creativity and the personality of Gogol and in the atmosphere of the "family" Slavophilism, which allowed him to clearly realize the advantages and the indigenous traditions of the people's life, the living "natural sympathy" of which he had not previously wound prices. Aksakov-artist rejected any violence, arbitrariness and awakened the love of life, to people, to nature in its traditional, eternal aspect, poeticed the manor house, the fortress of family men. At Aksakov he himself had 14 children (6 sons and 8 daughters), and the family was extremely friendly; Its existence resting on traditionally patriarchal principles, on the coordination of the inclination of all its members, on the harmony of moods and views; The children were guarding "sweat" and deeply loved the mother (inspirational of their Orthodox education, who combined the devotion of the family and the public temperament, knowledge of spiritual and modern fiction and possessed the literary gift that was manifested in her letters). L. N. Tolstoy, actively communicating with Aksakov in 1856-59, in all their homeflow found "LAD" and unity with nationwide morality. In such a moral atmosphere, the main pathos "memories" was stagid, about which I. Aksakov wrote: "... warm objectivity ... which is alien to every examination, sharpness, full of love and destroying people and takes place to each phenomenon, recognizing his causality, kindness and bad in life. "

Painting "homemade" the life of the Russian nobility, poetizing the everyday events of the local life, closely peering into their moral origins and consequences, Aksakov remains faithful to the nature of its dating and its creative installation - to reproduce absolutely reliable life material. Aksakov considered himself only the "transmitter" and "narrator" of real events: "I can write, only standing on the soil of reality, going for the thread of a true event ... I do not own a gift for pure fiction." Prose Aksakova is a purely autobiographic, but with the limit limit of the artistic fiction of his heroes and situations are executed by undoubted typicality. After was one of the hedlemen of the Russian autobiographical prose, Aksakov became its first classic.

The first passage of the "memories of the former life" was written in 1840, published in 1846 in the "Moscow literary and scientist of the collection"; Others appeared in periodicals of the 50s. Then Aksakov combined them under the general title "Family Chronicle" (M., 1856, without the 4th and 5th passages, published together with the "memories"; 2nd is ed. M., 1856). The private chronicle of the three generations of the Bagrov is recreated on the basis of a wide panorama of landlords to. XVIII century. Images of landowners - the bright types of "manor" life: Stepan Mikhailovich Baghrov, strong, fair, enterprising "master", "Identified an eased old man" with a "rootary" beginning, but also with the features of an unprotected Baroge, generating around him "Tina Caverz, slavery , lies "; His son Alexey, an ordinary "village nozzle", although with an amazing sense of love for nature; Sophia, beauty, proud, clever, educated, loyal mother, is one of the best heroines of Russian literature; Kuroles, domineering and active landowner, but depravant and sadist poisoned by serfs. Concentrated in his intention and pathos on the moral re-education of a person, Aksakov, however, does not avoid social destruction of serfdom.

Full Cathedral cit. T. 1-6. SPb., 1886;

Cathedral cit. T. 1-6. SPb., -1910; T. 1-4. M., 1955-56;

Election cit. M.; L., 1949;

The story of my dating with Gogol. M., 1960.

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Biography, the history of life Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich

Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov in Ufa in 1791 was born on October 1 (September 20, on the old style). Sergey's childhood has passed in the estate called Novo-Aksakovo in the medium of patriarchal landlords. It had a deepest impact on the formation of a benevolent and calm world of Aksakov. His father - Timofey Stepanovich was a simple provincial official from a poor, albeit an old nobility family. Mother - Maria Nikolaevna, the nebulic tender, was very educated for his social circle and a woman's time. She in his youth consisted of correspondence with famous Russian enlighteners A. F. Anichkov and N. I. Novikov.

In 1799, Sergey Aksakov was defined for training in the Kazan gymnasium, the older classes of which were transformed from 1804 to the first rate of the newly formed at that time of the University of Kazan. Sergey Aksakov became his student. Even during his years, at the university, Aksakov participated in the publication of student handwritten magazines. In them, his first literary opuses appeared - poems in naive-sentimental style. Having completed the Kazan University, Aksakov moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered the service by the translator and became close to the circle of "conversations of lovers of the Russian word". In this circle, Alexander Semenovich Shishkov and other writers who adhere to the conservative direction in the literature, defending the purity of the classical Russian language. The circle published a magazine, where Aksakov printed his small stories and translations. On June 2, 1816, Sergey Timofeevich marked with Olga Semenovna, and left to live in his Novo-Aksakovo, located in the Orenburg province. There, the Aksakov was born their firstborn - Konstantin. Sergey Timofeevich was so attached to his son, which was practically replaced by a nanny. In 1819, Aksakov was born daughter faith, another son Vanya appeared in 1823. All children of Aksakov became writers and public figures, ideologists of Slavophilism.

Continued below

In 1826, the Aksakov family moved to Moscow. Sergey Timofeevich received a censorsor's place soon, and later became an inspector (and director since 1835) in the Konstantinovsky Meeting Institute. For the whole summer, the Aksakov family went to live in suburban estates, and since 1843, and in general, they settled in Abramtsev near Moscow. Aksakov addiction to the hunt was given to the Russian writer with the subtlest sense of native nature. This was reflected in the collection of "Notes on Fish Urban", published in 1847 and in the "Notes of a Ruge Hunter", published from the printing house in 1852. Both of these "hunting books" created Sergey Timofeevich the glory of the wizard recognized by the reading public.

The story "Family Chronicle" (1856) and, who came out in two years later, the "Children's Years of Bagrova-grandson" were devoted to the description of the life of three generations of nobles from the province on the fracture of the XVIII and XIX centuries. Far from the political struggle, which occurred in the salons of the 40s and 50s of the XIX century, Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov simply spoke about the relationship of the Lords and men with his characteristic calm calm. He handed the confidence of landowners in the justice and invariance of a serfdom.

The Russian literary public did not find in the works of Aksakov traces of the degree of fortification reality of the Russian Empire. The writer simply truthfully showed everything, even the most unpleasant and dark sides, in the manor park, however, he did not try to bring his readers to the conclusion about the need to change the ancient life world order. N. A. Dobrolyubov, Democratic critic, that was exactly what Aksakov, noting in his article about the village life of the landowners, that the Aksaki writer was always different, rather subjective observation than those who had attention towards the outside world.

However, despite such criticism, the Aksakov House became the center of attraction for many artists and culture. On Saturday evening, Abramtsevo came out with outstanding writers and scientists: Nikolai Filippovich Pavlov, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin, Nikolai Ivanovich Nadezhdin, Mikhail Alexandrovich Dmitriev, Stepan Petrovich Shevyrev. Friends of the Aksakov family were

Russian literature of the XIX century

Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov

Biography

Sergey Timofeevich

Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov, Russian writer, literary and theater critic, author of books "Notes on fishing" (1847), "Notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province" (1852), "Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunting" (1855), "Family Chronicle "(1856); Memoirov "Literary and Theatrical Memories" (1858), "The history of my dating with Gogol" (1880) and many others are most famous for the wide reader as the author of the story "Children's Years of Bagrova-Tracker" (1858) and the tales "Scarlet Flower", Former initially app to the story. Books A. occupy a special place in the Russian literature of the nineteenth century. Their main subject is unauthorized (the world of nature, the patriarchal life of several generations of the noble family, family legends), their language, according to many, is perfect. "We all have to learn from him," I. S. Turgenev wrote, admiring the language of Aksakovskaya prose.

A. Born in 1791 in Ufa. His father, Timofey Stepanovich, was a prosecutor, mother, Maria Nikolaevna came from the rank aristocracy and was distinguished by a rare mind and education. M. N. Aksakov provided an exceptional impact on the formation of a future writer, rare relationships and friendliness developed between his mother and son.

A. His earliest years spent in Ufa and in the generic estate of Novo-Aksakovo in the Orenburg province. He graduated from the Kazan gymnasium and entered the Kazan University. Still in the gymnasium began writing poems, "verses without rhymes", in the spirit of sentimental poetry. The university was interested in the theater, actively participated in the work of the student theater, possessed the gift of the declaignation. Glory A.-readers was wide that G. R. Derzhavin was looking forward to the arrival of the young man in St. Petersburg to listen to his verses in his performance.

In 1808, A. arrives in St. Petersburg and comes to the service by a government official. He gets acquainted with G. R. Derzhavin, A. S. Shishkov, takes part in a meeting of the literary circle, headed by Shishkov, "The conversation of lovers of the Russian word". In print debuts in 1812 Basney 'Three Canaries. In 1811, he moved to Moscow, comes closer with Moscow theatrical circles, translates Schiller's plays, Moliere, Bouoye, acts in print as a theater critic.

From 1820-1830s. House A., who in 1816 married the daughter of Suvorov General O. S. Patch, becomes one of the centers of the literary and theater life of Moscow. For many years, the largest Moscow figures of culture and art for many years are held regularly for many years - Actor M. S. Shpkin, historian M. P. Pogodin, writer M. N. Zagoskin, Professor of Moscow University S. P. Shevyrev and N. I. Nadezhdin. In the spring of 1832, Aksakov began to be Gogol, who retained friendship with A. throughout his life. When the sons of Konstantin and Ivan were grown (and there were 14 children in all in the family), the Circle of Slavophiles settled in the Aksakov's house, which included K. and I. Aksakov, A. S. Khomyakov, brothers Kireevsky. A. took an active part in their conversations and disputes.

In 1837, A. buys the estates of Abramtsevo, where it is accepted for the work on the materials of the Family Chronicle. A noticeable weakening of vision pushed A. To intensive literary work Passionate hunter, fisherman and A. decides to describe his experience of 'life in nature "and related experiences and impressions.

In 1847, the "notes of fishing" were published, which was presented with a epigraph, in many respects defining the further direction of creativity a.: "I leave the world of nature, to the world of calm, freedom ..." The book was a great success. Then there are "notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province" (1852), "Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunting" (1855). The hunting trilogy is a genre of free memories with cases included in the text of the narrative, jokes, hunting bikes, etc.

The main place in the artistic legacy of A. occupies an autobiographical prose. In the "Family Chronicle" (1856) there is a life of three generations of manor coughons of the bugs. The book "The Children's Years of Bagrova-Tracker" (1858) is a continuation of the "Chronicles". At the same time, the "childhood" work written for children. In one of the letters of his granddaughter, Olenka, his favorite, A. promises to compose a book for her "... about spring mlaud, // about flowers of fields, // about Bird Birds (...) // About the Forest Bear, // About the White Mushroom (... ) ". During the work of the author's plan significantly expanded and changed. A book arose that describes the life of a child from infant to nine years ago against the background of a carefully recreated life of the Russian estate of the late XVIII century, against the background of a grandiose in the degree of spirituality of nature paintings.

The author's main subject determined by the author - the life of a person in childhood, the children's world, creating under the influence of daily new impressions ... the life of a person in the child ". Little Serezha is growing, knowing the world that seems to him bright, mysterious, endless. The reader sees objects and phenomena, The eyes described in the book with the eyes of a small hero, feels freshness and the immediacy of children's perception. Household paintings, life nature, experiences and impressions of Serezha, simple and important events of his life - conversations with Mama, the death of grandfather, the birth of brother is connected to a single web of the story of the narration.

Seryozha Baghrov, of course, is an autobiographical hero, and, of course, inherits a distinctive feature A. - Passionate love of nature, her deep understanding. So, the arrival of spring is the event of great importance in Serezhe's life: "... Everything was noticed by me accurately and carefully, and every moment of spring was triumphant me as victory." Nature is one of the main actors of the story. Its descriptions at A.- not a picture, do not landscapes in the generally accepted sense, and life itself, freely breathing and diversely manifests itself. We must possess a special shower warehouse, a special look to feel it. The hero of the book has this gift to the fullest. "Finally we drove into the Urahu (I will understand the river - I.A.), green, blooming fragrant urace. The funny singing of the birds rushed from all sides (...) near the trees in blooming and buzzed whole swarms of bees, OS and bumblebees. My God, as it was fun! " - Such sees the Siberian spring of Seryozha.

The basis of the narrative is leisurely, thoroughly and at the same time, the capacious oral story. The language A. has long been recognized as a model of Russian literary speech. Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Belinsky, Tyutchev and others responded about A. Style. The book "Children's Years of Bagrova-grandson" was very warmly accepted by critics and readers. In the history of Russian literature, the story A. stood next to the trilogy of Tolstoy "Childhood", "adolescence", "Youth". Until now, the "children's years of Bagrova grandson" is one of the best works of autobiographical prose, in the center, which is a hero-child.

Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich was born in the field of the prosecutor in 1791 on September 20, on the old or October 1, according to a new calendar. His father was called Timothy Stepanovich, and Mother Maria Nikolaevna. The writers of the writer were smart, were formed and went out with the rank aristocracy. Aksakov has a great relationship with his mother, they understood and trusted each other as no other. The family lived in the Orenburg province, Ufa, in his mansion Novo-Aksakovo. All education guy began with a gymnasium in Kazan, then there and ends the university. Began to write poems. In 1808, the poet goes to serve in St. Petersburg. In 1811, he moved to Moscow, engaged in the translation of the Pieces of German authors. Aksakov gets acquainted with the girl - the daughter of General Olga Semenovnoye saying, on which he marries in 1816. The Aksakov family becomes large, or rather 14 children. In 1837, the family buys the Abramshev mansion, where he starts his work on the "Family Chronicles". Due to the diligent letter from the author, vision is noticeably sits down. It begins to get involved in fishing and hunting. He sets out his observations in the book "Notes on Fish Division" in 1847. Then it takes for writing books about the hunt: "Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunting" and "Notes of the Ruzhny Hunter of the Orenburg province." Also, a big success among the readers Aksakov had his book "I learn in the world of nature, to the world of calm, freedom ...".

The famous Russian writer-Slavophil Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov (born in Ufa on September 20, 1791, died on April 30, 1859) came from an old nobleman. Under the influence of the mother, a woman, by that time, very educated, Sergey Aksakov, from an early age, reread everything available to him, what could be taken in Ufa, then he was given to the Kazan gymnasium, where, by the way, the teaching was interrupted for a year due to the boyguank at home. In 1805, Sergey was translated into a newly founded Kazan University (up to 1808). The success of his teachings was hampered, by the way, the hobbies of Aksakov hunting all sorts (grazing wolves and foxes, rifle hunting, cool fish and fishing fishing) and addiction to the theater. The first attracted him with nature, the second - took his mind theatrical affairs and at the then state of the theater fascinated on the false road "sublime" literature. Acquaintance S. Shishkov Sergey Timofeevich Aksakova sent to the path of the Slavomism, who prepared and subsequent Slavophilism.

From 1812, Aksakov settled in Moscow, leaving the service, and came up with a circle of Moscow theatrons, under the influence of which translated Buoy, Moliere and Lagarpa and hotly stood for the old, pompous direction of literature (fierce controversy with N. Polevoy). In 1820, Aksakov married Ol. Sem Patch and left for the Zavolzhskaya Votchin of his father, the village of Znamensky or Novo-Aksakovo, in 1826 finally moved to Moscow, where he entered the Cancer Committee. In 1834 - 1839, Aksakov served in the Mezhdia School (later Konstantinovsky Meeting Institute) first by the inspector, then director. In 1837 Sergey Timofeevich received a large inheritance from his father, which allowed him to live in a private person widely and hospitably. Aksakov possessed a strong, healthy and strong physique, but from the middle of the 1840s. started silent (eyes); In recent years, the disease has taken a painful nature.

Portrait of Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov. Artist I. Kramskaya, 1878

The literary activities of Aksakov began early. In 1806, he started with A. Panayev and the "Journal of our classes", where she spent the ideas of Shishkov. Such were the artistic tendencies of Aksakov until the beginning of the 1830s, when under the influence of his son, Konstantin Sergeevich Aksakov, Pavlova, Pusher and Nadepida The tastes of Sergey Timofeevich take another direction. Acquaintance and intimacy with Gogol (from 1832) had a decisive effect on the fracture in the views of Aksakov. The first fruit of his essay "Buran" (Almanac "Dennica" Maximovich 1834). The essay had a great success, and Aksakov had no longer condensed from the path to which Gogol was pushed. "Notes on fishing" (1847), "Stories and memories of the hunter" (1855) created the glory of Aksakov amazingly a solid and clear attitude towards nature, the design of the syllable and descriptions, and the success of the "Family Chronicle", started in 1840 and the finished In 1856 (passages in the Moscow Collection of 1846, without the author) surpassed all the hopes of the author. Critica both Western and Slavophilic, set Sergey Aksakov near Homer, Shakespeare, V. Scott; But the first (Dobrolyubov) took the dark picture of the despotism of the Russian landowner life from the "Family Chronicle", the second - (hamsters) argued that the Aksakov had a first to look at our lives from a positive point of view. In fact, Sergey Timofeevich painted portraits of people close to him in spirit and blood. "The Children's Years of Bagrov-Grandson" (1858) is weaker, because the author does not apply to such love for the subject of his image and only tries to be direct. Their success was less than "literary and theatrical memories." The last story "Natasha" (Sister of Sister Aksakov for the famous professor of Kartashevsky) remained unfinished.

Perhaps it would be difficult to find another example of the value of theoretical views for artistic creativity than that represents the wonderful and instructive history of the literary activities of Aksakov. Ideas of false classicism, mixed with even more walked ideas of the literary Slavs Schishkov's Slavs, positively dead the artistic granaries of Sergey Timofeevich Aksakova, but the influence of Gogol, who freed him from all rhetorical stilt and destroyed his former literary understanding, awakened long-haired forces already aged when It was more likely to expect their weakening.