Works Van Gogh. Portraits Van Gogh as an important genre in the artist's work

Vincent Villem Van Gogh (Notherl. Vincent Willem Van Gogh; March 30, 1853, Grottoes-Süntert, near Breda, Netherlands - July 29, 1890, Over-Sur-UAZ, France) - Dutch Grade-Paulmigresionist.

Vincent Van Goghography

Vincent Van Gogh. Born in the Dutch city of Groot-Zundert on March 30, 1853. Van Gogh was the first child in the family (not counting the born brother born). The father was the name of Theodore Wang Gog, mother - Carnellius. The family had a big one: 2 sons and three daughters. In the genus Van Gogh, all men, one way or another dealt with the paintings, or served the church. Already by 1869, without even finishing school, he began to work in a firm that sold pictures. In truth, Van Gogh did not work well sell paintings, but he had endless love for painting, and he was also good. In 1873, at the 20th age, he got to London, where he spent 2 years, which changed his whole life.

In London, Van Gogh lived. He had very good sorry, which was enough to visit various art galleries and museums. He even bought a cylinder, without which it was simply impossible to do in London. Everything went to the fact that Van Gogh could be a successful merchant, but ... as it happens, in the way his career became love, yes, it was love. Van Gogh to fearlessly fell in love with his apartment hostess, but learning that she was already engaged, it was very closed in himself, he became indifferent to his work. When he returned to Paris fired him.

In 1877, Van Gogh began to live again in Holland, and there was more and more consolation in religion. After moving to Amsterdam, he began to study at the priest, but soon threw his studies, since he did not suit him at the faculty.

In 1886, in early March, Van Gogh moves to Paris to the Council of Brother Theo, and he lives in his apartment. There he takes the lessons of painting from Fernan Kormon, and get acquainted with such personalities as Pissaro, Gauguin and many other artists. Very quickly, he forgets all the darkness of Dutch life, and quickly conquers respect as an artist. Draws clearly, bright in the style of impressionism and postmingness.

Vincent Wang Gogh., After spending 3 months in the Evangelical School, which was in Brussels, became a preacher. He distributed money and clothes to be poor, although he himself was not enough enough. It caused a suspicion of the church's head, and his activity was banned. He did not lose, and found a consolation in drawing.

By 27 years, Wang Gogh understood what his vocation in this life was, and decided that he had to become an artist who had to become. Although Van Gogh also took drawing lessons, but it can be considered self-taught with confidence, because he himself studied many books, tutorials, referring paintings by famous artists. At first, he thought to become an illustrator, but then, when she took her lessons from his belly-artist - Anton Mouwe, wrote his first work with oil.

It seems that life began to improve, but again Van Gogh began to pursue failures, and love.

His cousin Kay Vos became a widow. She really liked her, but he received a refusal that was worried for a long time. In addition, because of Kei, he quarreled very seriously with his father. This tap was the reason for the movement of Vincent to Hague. It is there that he gets acquainted with Clazic Maria Hournfulnik, who was a girl of easy behavior. With her, Van Gogh lived for almost a year, and he repeatedly had to be treated from venereological diseases. He wanted to save this poor woman, and even thought to marry her. But here his family already intervened, and the thoughts of marriage were simply dispelled.

Returning to their homeland to the parents who have already moved to Nynane, his skill began to be improved.

He spent 2 years in his homeland. In 1885, Vincent settled in Antwerp, where he visited classes at the Academy of Arts. Then, in 1886, Van Gogh again returns to Paris, to his brother Theo, who throughout his life helped him as morally and financially. France became the second home for Van Gogh. It was in her who he lived all his remaining life. He did not feel here a stranger. Van Gogh drank a lot, and was very explosive. He could be called a man with whom it is difficult to deal with.

In 1888 he moved to Arles. The locals were not glad to see him in their town, which was in the south of France. They considered him an abnormal Lunatic. Despite this Vincent found friends here, and felt quite good. Over time, he came to create a settlement for artists here than he shared with his friend Hohen. Everything went well, but there was a breakdown between the artists. Van Gogh rushed to the Mogen's enemy with a razor. Gogen barely took place, miraculously survived. From the anger of the failure of Van Gogh cut off a part of the left ear. After spending 2 weeks in a psychiatric clinic, he returned back in 1889, as he began to torment hallucinations.

In May 1890, he finally left the shelter for mentally ill and went to Paris to his brother Theo and his wife, who only gave birth to a boy, who was called Vincent in honor of his uncle. Life began to improve, and Van Gogh was even happy, but his disease returned again. On July 27, 1890, Vincent Van Gogh himself shot himself into the chest from the pistol. He died on the hands of his brother Theo, who loved him very much. After half a year, the theo died. The brothers are buried at the Sheer's cemetery nearby.

Creativity Van Gogh

Vincent Van Gogh (1853 - 1890) is considered a great Dutch artist who had a very strong impact on impressionism in art. His works created in the ten-year period are striking by their color, negligence and roughness of the smear, the images exhausted by the suffering of the mentally ill, who committed suicide.

Van Gogh became one of the greatest artists-postimigressionists.

It can be considered self-taught, because He studied painting, copying the paintings of old masters. During the period of life in the Netherlands, Wang G. wrote pictures of nature, labor and the life of peasants and workers, which he watched around ("Potato Etheries").

In 1886, he moved to Paris, entered the studio F. Kormon, where he met A. Toulouse-Lotrek and E. Bernar. Under the impression of the painting of impressionists and the Japanese engraving, the artist's manner changed: there was an intense colors and a wide vigorous smear, characteristic of the late Wan V. Klischi, "Portrait of Dad Tangs").

In 1888, he moved to the south of Frannia, in the town of Arles. It was the most fruitful period of artist's creativity. For his life, Wang G. created more than 800 paintings and 700 drawings in a variety of genres, but brighter his talent manifested itself in the landscape: it was in him who found his choleric explosive temperament. In the movable, nervous picturesque texture of his paintings, the spiritual state of the artist reflected: he suffered a mental illness, which eventually led him to suicide.

Features of creativity

"Much remains unclear and controversial to the present in the pathography of this severe bioegal personality. It is possible to assume syphilitic provoking of schizo-epileptic psychosis. His feverish creativity is quite comparable to the increased productivity of the brain before the start of the syphilitic disease of the brain, as was Nietzsche, Maupassant, Shuman. Van Gogh presents a good example of how mediocre talent, thanks to psychosis, turned into a world-recognized genius. "

"A peculiar bipolarity, so pronounced in life and psychosis of this wonderful patient, is also expressed in parallel in his artistic work. Essentially, the style of its works remains the same all the time. Only increasingly repeated with winding lines, giving it the paintings of the spirit of differentity, which reaches its culmination point in its last work, where the desire and imminentness of destruction, fall, destruction are brightly emphasized. These two movements are attributed to the rise and movement of the fall - form the structural basis of epileptic manifestations, just as two poles form the basis of the epileptoid constitution. "

"Drew brilliant pictures of Van Gogh in breaks between attacks. And the main secret of his genius was an extraordinary purity of consciousness and a special creative rise, which arose as a result of his illness between the attacks. About this special state of consciousness wrote F.M. Dostoevsky, who suffered at one time similar attacks of mysterious spiritual disorder. "

Bright Paint Van Gogh

Dreaming about the fraternity of artists and collective work, he completely forgot that he himself was an incorrigible individualist, irreconcilable to restraint in matters of life and art. But this was his strength. It is necessary to have enough trained eye to distinguish the pattern of monet from the canvases, for example, silent. But only once, seeing "red vineyards", no one and never work Van Gogh to be confused. Each line and smear - expressivers of his personality.

Dominant impressionistic system - color. In a picturesque system, Wang Gogh's manner is all equal and crumpled into one inimitable bright ensemble: rhythm, color, texture, line, shape.

At first glance, there is some stretch. Unless the color of the "red vineyards" illuminated on the intensity is not active, isn't the linking chord of the blue cobalt in the "Sea to Saint-Marie", isn't it dazzling and the scenery of the landscape in the rain after the rain, next to which, any impressionistic picture looks hopelessly blocked?

Exaggeratedly bright these paints have the ability to sound in any intonation on the entire length of the emotional range - from burning pain to the gentle shades of joy. The sounding paints are woven into gently and finely coharled melody, they get out in the cutting of the dissonance. Just as in music there is a minor and major stroke, and the colors of the Wangogovsky palette are divided. For Van Gogh Cold and warm - as life and death. At the head of the opposing camps - yellow and blue, both colors are deeply symbolic. However, this "symbolism" is the same lively flesh, as well as the Wangogovsky ideal of the beautiful.

In yellow paint from gently lemon to intensively orange Van Gogh saw some bright start. The color of the sun and ripened bread in his understanding was the color of joy, solar heat, human kindness, benevolence, love and happiness - all the fact that in his mind turned on in the concept of "life." The opposite in the meaning of blue, from the blue to almost black and lead - the color of the sorrow, infinity, longing, despair, mental flour, fatal inevitability and, ultimately, death. Late paintings Van Gogh - the crash of these two colors. They are like a struggle of good and evil, daylight light and night dusk, hopes and despair. The emotional and psychological capabilities of the color are the subject of permanent reflection Van Gogh: "I hope to make the discovery in this area, for example, to express the feelings of two in love with the combination of two additional colors, mixture and contrasting, mysterious vibration of related tones. Or express the idea of \u200b\u200bthe shining of a light tone in the brain on a dark background ... ".

Speaking about Van Gogh, Tougyandhold remarked: "... notes of his experiences - graphic rhythms of things and response heartbeats." The concept of rest is unknown by Wangog art. His element - movement.

In the eyes of Van Gogh, it is the same life, which means that the ability to think, feel, empathize. Press in the painting of "red vineyards". The smears thrown onto the canvas with a rapid hand run, rushing, encounter, scatter again. Similar to screenshots, points, blots, commas, they are the transcript of the Wangogovsky vision. From their cascades and whirlpools are born simplified and expressive forms. They are a line designed in the drawing. Their relief is barely planned, then brimmed by massive clots, - as the rugged earth, forms a delightful, scenic texture. And from all this there is a huge image on the scale: in the hot sun, like sinners in the fire, the grape vines are crying, rushing to break away from the fat purple earth, break out of the hands of winegartes, and now the peaceful bustle of harvest looks like a fight of a person with nature.

So, then, still dominates the color? But isn't these paints at the same time and rhythm, and the line, and form, and texture? It is in this that the most important feature of the picturesque language of Van Gogh, on which he speaks with us through his paintings.

It is often believed that Wangogi painting has a certain uncontrollable emotional element, picked by unbridled insight. This delusion "helps" the originality of the artistic manner of Van Gogh, indeed, seemingly spontaneous, in fact, is finely calculated, thoughtful: "work and sober calculation, the mind is strained extremely, like a actor when performing a difficult role when you have to think about a thousand things For one half hour ... "

Heredity van gogh and innovation

Heredity Van Gogh

• [Mother's sister] "... seizures of epilepsy, which indicates severe nervous heredity, which affects the most Anna Cornelia. From nature gentle and loving, it is subject to unexpected flashes of anger. "
• [Brother Teo] "... Died six months after the suicide of Vincent in the clinic for insane in Utrecht, having lived 33 years."
• "None of the brothers and sisters Van Gogh epilepsy was not, whereas it is absolutely known that the younger sister suffered from schizophrenia and spent 32 years in a psychiatric hospital."

Human soul ... and not cathedrals

Let us turn to Van Gogh:

"I prefer to write people's eyes, not the cathedrals ... Human soul, even if the soul of the unfortunate or street girl, in my opinion, is much more interesting."

"Who writes peasant life, will better withstand the test by time than manufacturers written in Paris cardinal techniques and harem." "I will stay myself, and even in raw works I will speak strict, rude, but truthful things." "The worker against the bourgeois is so not well justified as a hundred years ago the third estimate against the other two."

Could a person who in these and thousands of such statements explained the meaning of life and art so, rely on the success of "the strong world of this? ". Bourgeois medium escaped Van Gogh.

Against the rejection of Van Gogh was the only weapon - confidence in the correctness of the chosen path and work.

"Art is a struggle ... it is better to do anything than to express myself weakly." "It is necessary to work like a few blacks." Even a half-beetled existence has been drawn to the stimulus for creativity: "In the harsh tests of poverty, you learn to look at things with completely different eyes."

The bourgeois audience does not forgive innovation, and Van Gogh was an innovator in the most direct and true sense of the word. His reading of the sublime and beautiful went through an understanding of the inner essence of objects and phenomena: from, insignificant as torn shoes, to crushing cosmic hurricanes. The ability to submit these seemingly unauthorized values \u200b\u200bin the equally huge artistic scale put Van Gogh not only outside the official aesthetic concept of artists of the academic direction, but also forced him to go beyond impressionistic painting.

Quotes Vincent Van Gogh

(from letters to brother Teo)

• There is nothing more artistic than to love people.
• When something in you says: "You're not an artist," immediately start writing, my boy, - only this way you will forced this inner voice to silence. The same, who, having heard him, runs to friends and complains of his misfortune, loses part of his courage, part of the best that there is in it.
• And it is not necessary to take your drawbacks too close to the heart, for the one who has no them, still suffers in one - the lack of flaws; The same one who believes that he has reached perfect wisdom, will well do if it melts again.
• A man carries his bright flame in his heart, but no one wants to warm up near him; The passersby notice only the smoke, going through the pipe, and pass their own way.
• Reading the books, as well as looking at the paintings, it is impossible to doubt or hesitate: it is necessary to be confident and find a wonderful thing that is beautiful.
• What is drawing? How do they master? This ability to break through the iron wall, which is standing between what you feel, and what you know. How nevertheless penetrate through such a wall? In my opinion, it is useless to beat her head, it needs to slowly and patiently pour and climb.
• Blessed one who found his business.
• I prefer not to speak anything in general nothing to be expressed.
• I confess, I also need beauty and elevation, but even more something else, for example: kindness, responsiveness, tenderness.
• After all, you are realistic, so wiper and my realism.
• A person needs only invariably to love what decent love, and not to cultivate his feeling for insignificant, unworthy and insignificant.
• It is impossible for longing to be stood in our soul like water in a swamp.
• When I see how the weak rushes, I begin to doubt the value of what is called progress and civilization.

Bibliography

• Van Gogh.Pis. Per. With Gol. - L.-M., 1966.
• Revald J.Postimpressionism. Per. from English T. 1. - L.-M, 1962.
• Perryoshu A.Zhizn Van Gogh. Per. With Franz. - M., 1973.
• Murina Elena.van Gogh. - M.: Art, 1978. - 440 p. - 30,000 copies.
• Dmitrieva N. A.Vinsten Van Gogh. Man and artist. - M., 1980.
• Stone I.Jud Life (book). Tale of Vincent Van Gogh. Per. from English - M., True, 1988.
• Constantino Porcuvan Gogh. Zijn Leven EN De Kunst. (From the KunstklassieKers series) Nanarenda, 2004.
• Wolf Stadlervincent Van Gogh. (From the De Grote Meesters series) Amsterdam Boek, 1974.
• Frank Koolsvincent Van Gogh EN Zijn Geboorteplaats: Als Een Boer Van Zundert. DE WALBURG PERS, 1990.
• Kozlov, "Legend of Van Gogh", "Around the World", No. 7, 2007.
• Van Gogh V. Letters to friends / lane. With Fr. P. Melkova. - SPb.: ABC, ABC-Attikus, 2012. - 224 p. - Series "ABC-Classic" - 5,000 copies, ISBN 978-5-389-03122-7
• Gordeeva M., Perova D.Vinsten Van Gogh / in KN.: Great Artists - T.18 - Kiev, Komsomolskaya Pravda CJSC, 2010. - 48 p.

Vincent Willem Van Gogh (Vincent Willem Van Gogh) is a Netherlands artist who laid the foundations of the sending of postmingnessism, in many respects determined the principles of creativity of modern masters.

Van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 in the village of Grot Zundert in the province of Northern Brabant (Noord-Brabant) bordering Belgium.

Father Theodore Van Gogh (Theodore Van Gogh) is a priest-Protestant. Anna Cornelia Carbentus (Anna Cornelia Carbentus) - from the family of a respected book service and a specialist in the binding of books from the city (Den Haag).

Vincent was a 2nd child, but his brother died immediately after the appearance of the light, so the boy turned out to be elders, and after him the family was born five more children:

• Theodorus (Theo) (Theodorus, Theo);
• Cornelis (Cor);
• Anna Cornellia (Anna Cornelia);
• Elizabeth (Liz) (Elizabeth, Liz);
• Willamina (Wil) (Willamina, Vil).

Named the baby in honor of the grandfather, the servant of Protestantism. This name was supposed to wear the first child, but because of his early death went to Vincent.

Memories of loved ones draw the character of Vincent as a very strange, capricious and wayward, naughty and capable of unexpected trips. Outside the house and family, he was raised, quiet, polite, modest, kind, was distinguished by a striking smart look and full heart sympathy. However, the peers awaited and did not turn on in their games and fun.

At the 7th age, his father and mother recorded him to school, but a year later, his sister Anna was transferred to his homework, and she was engaged in children.

At 11 years, in 1864, Vincent was determined in School in Zewnbergen (Zevenbergen). Although it was just 20 km from the native places, the child had a heavy separation, and these experiences were remembered forever.

In 1866, Vincent is determined by a listener to the educational institution of Villem II in Tilburg (College Willem II in Tilburg). Big successes made a teenager in the development of foreign languages, perfectly spoke and read in French, in English, in German. Teachers noted the ability of Vincent to drawing. However, in 1868, he suddenly threw his studies and returned home. He did not give it more in schools, he continued to receive education at home. Memories of the famous artist about the beginning of life were sad, the children's time was associated with the darkness, cold and emptiness.

Business

In 1869, in Hague Vincent, his uncle takes the same name, who called the same name that the future artist called "Uncle Saint". Uncle was the owner of the Goupil & Cie branch, which was engaged in the expertise, assessment and sale of art facilities. Vincent acquires a dealer profession and makes significant successes, so in 1873 he is sent to work in London.

Working with artwork was very interesting to Vincent, he learned to understand the visual arts, became a regular visitor of museums, exhibition halls. His favorite authors were Jean-François Millet (Jean-François Millet) and Jules Breton.

By the same period there is the story of Vincent's first love. But the story was not clear and confusing: he lived on a rented apartment at Ursula Loyer (Ursula Loyer) and her daughters Eugene (Eugene); Biographers argue about who was the subject of love: one of them or Carolina Haanebeek (Carolina Haanebeek). But anyone would be a beloved, Vincent received a refusal and lost interest in life, work, art. He reads thought thoughtfully to the Bible. During this period, in 1874, he had to be transferred to the Paris branch of the company. There, he becomes more frequent museums and is fond of creating drawings. Having raised the activity of the dealer, he ceases to bring the company income, and he is fired in 1876.

Teaching and Religion

In March 1876, Vincent moves to the UK, he comes to a safe teacher to school in Ramsgate. At the same time think about the career of the clergy. In July 1876, he goes to school in Aizlworth, where he additionally assists the priest. In November 1876, Vincent reads the sermon and is convinced of the purpose of carrying the truth of religious doctrine.

In 1876, Vincent arrives at the Christmas holidays in the native home, and the mother with his father was contacted him not to leave. Vincent settled in a shop selling books, in Dordrecht (Dordrecht), but he doesn't like trade all the time he devotes translations of biblical texts and drawing.

Father and Mother, rejoicing his desire for religious ministry, send Vincent to Amsterdam (Amsterdam), where he with the help of a relative - Johanes Strickker (Johaness Stricker) is prepared on theology for admission to the university, and the uncle lives - Yana Van Gogh (Jan Van Gogh) who had Admiral Chin.

After the arrival of Van Gogh was a Teolog student until July 1878, after which, disappointed, refuses to further study and runs from Amsterdam.

The next stage of the quest was associated with the Protestant Missionary School in the city of Lachen (Laken) near Brussels (Brussel). School led Pastor Bokma (Bokma). Vincent is gaining experience in the preparation and reading of the sermons, but it leaves this place. Information of biographers is controversial: whether he threw the work itself, whether he was dismissed due to non-accuracy in clothing and unbalanced behavior.

In December 1878, Vincent continues to missionary service, but now in the southern District of Belgium, in the village of Paturi). In the village there were miner's families, Van Gogh disinterestedly engaged in children, visited at home and told about the Bible, cared for the fallen. To feed, he painted the maps of the Holy Land and sold them. Van Gogh showed himself as a devotee, sincere and tireless, as a result he was determined by a slight salary from the evangelical society. He planned to enter the Gospel school, but the training was paid, and this, according to Van Gogh, is incompatible with the true faith that cannot be associated with money. At the same time, he applies to the leadership of the mines to improve the working conditions of miners. He was denied, deprived the right to preach, which shook him and led to another disappointment.

The first steps

Soothing Van Gogh acquires Easel, in 1880 it is decided to try himself in the Brussels Royal Academy of Arts. He is supported by the Teo's brother, but a year later, the training was abandoned again, and the eldest son returns under the parent roof. It is absorbed by self-education, it works without tired.

He is being loved by a width cousin Kee Vos-Stricker (Kee Vos-Stricker), who brought up his son and who came to visit the family. Van Gogh rejected, but he shows perseverance, and he is expelled from the house. These events shook a young man, he runs to Hague, immersed in creativity, takes lessons from Anton Mauwe (Anton Mauve), comprehends the laws of fine art, makes copies of lithographic work.

Van Gogh spends a lot of time in blocks populated by the poor. The works of this period are sketches of yards, roofs, alleys:

• "Backorks" (De Achtertuin) (1882);
• "Roofs. View from Van Gogh workshop "(Dak. Het Uitzicht Vanuit De Studio Van Van Gogh) (1882).

Interesting technique, uniting watercolor paints, sepia, mascara, chalk, etc.

In the Hague, he chooses a woman of easy behavior named Christine (Van Christina), which he picked right on the panel. Christine moved to Van Gogh with his children, became a model for the artist, but her character was terrible, and they had to part. This episode leads to the final rupture with parents and close people.

After a break from Christine, Vincent leaves for the drenth (Drenth), in the countryside. During this period, the artist's landscape works appear, as well as the paintings on which the life of the peasantry is captured.

Early work

The period of creativity, representing the first works performed in Drenthe, is realistic, but they express the key characteristic features of the individual manner of the artist. Many critics believe that these features are explained by the lack of elementary art education: Van Gogh did not know the laws of the man's imageTherefore, the characters of paintings and etudes seem angular, non-profit, as if released from the climb of nature, similar to the rocks that the heavenly arch pressure:

• "Red Vineyards" (Rode Wijngaard) (1888);
• "Peasant" (BOERIN) (1885);
• "Potato Etheries" (De Aardappeleters) (1885);
• "Old Church Tower in Nyuenne" (De Oude Begraafplaats Toren in Nuenen) (1885) and others.

These works are distinguished by a dark palette of shades transmitting a painful atmosphere of the surrounding life, a painful position of ordinary people, sympathy, pain and drama of the author.

In 1885, he is forced to leave Drenthe, as he caused the dissatisfaction of the priest, who considered drawing with a vacuum and forbidden to the local residents to pose for paintings.

Paris period

Van Gogh goes to Antwerp (Antwerpen), takes lessons at the Academy of Arts and additionally in a private educational institution, where a lot works on the image of the naked nature.

In 1886, Vincent moves to Paris to the Teo, which served in the dealer office, specializing in transactions for the sale of art objects.

In Paris in 1887/88, Van Gogh takes lessons in a private school, comprehends the foundations of Japanese art, the basics of impressionistic letter manner, the creativity of the Gogen field (Pol Gogen). This stage in the creative biography of VAG Gogog is called light, in the work leitmotifs there are gentle-blue, bright yellow, fiery shades, manner of writing light, betraying movement, "pull" of life:

• "Agostina of the segovernmental in the Cafe" Tamburin "(Agostina Segatori in Het Café" Tamboerijn ");
• "Bridge over Seine" (Brug Over de Seine);
• "Papache Tanga" (Papa Tanguy) and others.

Van Gogh admired impressionists, met by Brother Teo with celebrities:

• Edgar Degas;
• Camille Pissarro (Camille Pissarro);
• Henri Tuluz-Lautrec (Anri Tuluz-Lautrec);
• Paul Gaen;
• Emile Bernard (Emile Bernard) and others.

Van Gogh was among the good friends and like-minded people, joined the process of training the expositions that were organized in restaurants, bars, theater halls. Van Goghov did not appreciate the audience, they recognized them terrible, but he plunges into teachings and self-improvement, comprehends the theoretical base of color technology.

In Paris, Van Gogh created about 230 works: still lifes, portrait and landscape paintings, paintings of paintings (for example, a series of "shoes" of 1887) (Schoenen).

Interestingly, a person on canvas acquires a minor role, and the main world of nature is the main world, its airiness, a compatibility of flowers, and their finest transitions. Van Gogh opens the latest direction - postpressionism.

Flowering and search for your style

In 1888, Van Gogh, surviving about the lack of understanding of the audience, leaving to the southern French city of Arles (Arles). Arral became a city in which Vincent understood the purpose of his creativity: Do not strive to reflect the real visible world, and with the help of color and simple technical techniques to express your inner "I".

It makes a decision to break with impressionists, but the features of their stylistics have long been manifested in its works, in the image of light and air image, in the manner of color accents. Typical for impressionistic works are a series of cloths, on which the same landscape, but at different times of the day and with different lighting.

The attractiveness of the style of the work of Van Gogue is blooming - in contradiction between the desire for the harmonic globility and the awareness of his own helplessness before the disharmonious world. Full light and festive nature of the work of 1888 are adjacent to the dark phantasmagoric images:

• "Yellow House" (Gele Huis);
• "Hojen Chair" (De Stoel Van Gauguin);
• "Terrace Cafe at night" (Cafe Terras Bij Nacht).

Dynamic, color movement, Master's brush energy is a display of the artist's soul, its tragic quests, gust understanding the world of living and non-living:

• "Red Vineyards in Arle";
• "Sewer" (Zaaier);
• "Night cafes" (Nachtkoffie).

The artist wonders to establish a society that unites beginners of geniuses that will reflect the future of humanity. To open a society, Winsent helps the TEO means. The leading role of Van Gogh drew the field of Gauguen. When Gogen arrived, they quarreled before Wang Gogh on December 23, 1888 almost cut his throat. Gauguen managed to escape, and Van Gogh, repenting, compartment part of the moss of his own ear.

Biographers estimate this episode in different ways, many believe that this act was a sign of madness, provoked by excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. Van Gogh sent to a mental hospital, where it contains in strict conditions in the bin-based department. Gogen leaves, care for Vincent takes on the theo. After the course of treatment, Vincent dreams to return to Arles. But residents of the city protested, and the artist suggested living near the Hospital of Saint-Paul (Saint-Paul) to Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, under Arlem.

From May 1889, Van Gogh lives in Saint-Remy, more than 150 large things and about 100 drawings and watercolor works showing the workshop of halftone and reception of contrast. Among them, landscape genre, still lifes, transmitting the mood, contradictions in the author's soul:

• "Star Night" (NightLights);
• "Landschap meth Olijfbomen) and others.

In 1889, Van Gogh's creativity fruits are exhibited in Brussels, met by enthusiastic reviews of colleagues and critics. But Van Gogh does not feel the joys from the coming finally recognition, moves to Over-sur-UAZ (Auvers-sur-Oise), where his brother with a family lives. There he is constantly creating, but the oppressed mood and the nervous arousal of the author are transferred to the 1890 cloths, they are distinguished by broken lines, distorted by silhouettes of objects and persons:

• "Rustic road with cypress trees" (Landelijke Weg Met Cipresen);
• "Landshap in the rain after the rain" (Landschap in Auvers Na de Regen);
• "Wheat field with crowns" (KorenVeld Met Kraaien) and others.

On July 27, 1890, Van Gogh received a fatal wound from the pistol. It is not known whether the shot is planned or random, but after a day the artist died. In the same town he was buried, and after 6 months, his brother Theo died from nervous exhaustion, whose grave is located next to Vincent.

Over the 10 years of creativity appeared over 2,200 works, among which the order of 860 is made by oil. Van Gogh became an expressionism, postpressionism, its principles formed the basis of Formism and modernism.

A series of triumphant exhibition events in Paris, Brussels, Hague, Antwerp passed posthumously. At the beginning of the 20th century, another wave of ideas of the works of the famous Dutchman in Paris, Cologne (Keulen), New York, Berlin (Berlijn) passes.

Pictures

How many paintings wrote Van Gogh is not exactly known, but art historians and researchers of his work are inclined to digit about 800. Only over the last 70 days of life, he wrote 70 paintings - one a day! Let's remember the most famous pictures with titles and descriptions:

"Potato erects" appeared in 1885 in Nyugen. The author described the author in the message to Theo: he sought to show people of hard work who received a small reward for their work. Hands processing the field take its gifts.

Red Vineyards in Arles

The famous canvas dates back to 1888. The plot of the paintings is not invented, Vincent talks about him in one of the messages to the theo. On the canvas, the artist transmits the saturated colors hitting it: thick-red grape leaves, a piercing green sky, a bright purple washed to the road with gold glare from the rays of the setting sun. The paints seem to flow one to another, transmit the anxious mood of the author, its tension, the depth of philosophical thought about the world. Such a plot will be repeated in the work of Van Gogh, symbolizing the life ever-renewable life.

Night cafe

"Night cafes" appeared in Arle and presented the author's meditation about a person who independently destroys his own life. The idea of \u200b\u200bself-destruction and steady movement to madness expresses the contrast of bloody-burgundy and green colors. To try to penetrate the secrets of twilight life, the author worked on the picture at night. Expressive logging manner transmits fullness of passions, anxiety, soreness of life.

In Heritage Van Gogh there are two series of works depicting sunflowers. In the first cycle, the flowers laid on the table, they are written in the Paris period in 1887 and soon acquired by Gajn. The second series appeared in 1888/89 in Arles, on every canvas - sunflower flowers in a vase.

This flower symbolizes love and loyalty, friendship and warmth of human relationships, blessing and gratitude. The artist expresses in sunflowers the depths of its world, associating himself with this sunny flower.

"Starry Night" is created in 1889 in Saint-Remy, it depicts stars and a moon in a dynamics in the framework of an infinite sky, eternally existing and carried in infinity of the universe. Located in the foreground cypress seek to reach the stars, and the village in the valley is static, immobile and deprived of aspirations for a new and infinite. The expression of color approaches and the use of different types of smears transmits the multidimensionality of the space, its variability and depth.

This famous self-portrait was created in Arle in January 1889. An interesting feature is a dialogue of red-orange and blue-violet colors, against the background of which the immersion in the bunch of distorted person's consciousness occurs. Attention is caught face and eyes, as if looking deep into the person. Self-portraits are a scenic conversation with himself and with the universe.

"Almond Blowering Breaks" (Amandelblosem) are created in Saint-Remy in 1890. Spring flowering of almond trees is a symbol of update, originating and stringing life. The unusual of the canvas is that the branches are soaring, without having a reason, they are self-sufficient and beautiful.

This portrait was written in 1890. Bright colors transmit the significance of each moment, the work of the brush creates a dynamic image of a person and nature that are interconnected inextricably. The image of the hero of the picture is painful and nervous: we look at the image of a sad old man, immersed in our thoughts, as if we have absorbed painful experience.

The "Wheat Field with Raves" was created in July 1890 and expresses the feeling of approaching death, hopeless tragity of being. The picture is filled with symbols: the sky in front of a thunderstorm, the approaching black birds, roads leading to unknown, but inaccessible.

Museum

(Van Gogh Museum) opened in Amsterdam in 1973 and is not only the most fundamental assembly of his creations, but also the work of impressionists. This is the first to popularity of the Exhibition Center in the Netherlands.

Quotes

1. Among the clergy, as among the masters, the brushes reigns despotic academism, dull and full prejudice;
2. Thinking about future deprivation and adversity, I could not create;
3. Painting is my joy and calm, which gives you the opportunity to distract from vitality;

When July 29, 1890, 37-year-old Vincent Van Gogh died, his work was almost no one known. Today, his paintings have stunning sums and decorate the best museums of the world.

125 years after the death of a great Dutch painter, it was time to learn more and dispel some myths, which, like the whole history of art, is full of his biography.

He changed several jobs before he became an artist

The son of the Minister, Van Gogh began working at 16 years old. Uncle took his intern for the position of art dealer in the Hague. He was converted to London and Paris, where the branches of the company were. In 1876, he was dismissed. After that, he worked for some time a school teacher in England, then the seller of the bookstore. Since 1878, he served as a preacher in Belgium. Van Gogh was needed, he had to sleep on the floor, but in less than a year he was fired from this post. Only after that, he finally became an artist and more classes did not change. In this field, he became famous, however, posthumously.

Career artist Van Gogh was short

In 1881, a Dutch self-taught artist returned to the Netherlands, where he devoted himself to drawing. His financially and financially supported the younger brother Theodore, a successful merchant works of art. In 1886, the brothers settled in Paris, and these two years in the French capital were fateful. Van Gogh took part in the exhibitions of impressionists and neo-simpressionists, he began using a light and bright palette, experimenting with the methods of applying smears. The last two years of life, the artist spent in the south of France, where he created a number of his most famous paintings.

In all his ten-year career, he sold only a few of more than 850 paintings. His drawings (they are left about 1300) were then unclaimed.

Most likely, he did not cut his ear

In February 1888, having lived two years in Paris, Van Gogh moved to the south of France, to the city of Arles, where the artists community was hoping. The company was Paul Gaug, with whom they made friends in Paris. The officially adopted version of the events is as follows:

On the night of December 23, 1888, they quarreled, and Gauguen left. Van Gogh, armed with a razor, pursued a friend, but, not downtown, returned home and in the annoyance partially cut off his left ear, then he wrapped him in the newspaper and gave some prostitute.

In 2009, two German scientists have published a book in which he suggested that Gogen, being a good fencer, cut off part of the ear Van Goga Sable during the fight. According to this theory, Van Gogh in the name of friendship agreed to hide the truth, otherwise Gogen threatened prison.

The most famous paintings are written by them in a psychiatric clinic

In May 1889, Van Gogh turned to help in a psychiatric hospital Saint-Paul-de-Corn, located in the former monastery of the city of Saint-Remy-de Provence in South France. Initially, the artist was diagnosed with epilepsy, but the examination also revealed bipolar disorder, alcoholism and metabolic disorders. Treatment consisted mainly in the reception of the baths. He stayed in the hospital during the year and wrote a number of landscapes there. More than a hundred pictures of this period include some of its most famous works, such as the Starry Night (acquired by the New York Museum of Contemporary Art in 1941) and "Irises" (purchased by Industrialist from Australia in 1987 for a record at that time 53.9 million)

(Vincent Willem Van Gogh) was born on March 30, 1853 in the village of Groot-Süntert in the province of Northern Brabant in the south of the Netherlands in the family of Protestant pastor.

In 1868, Van Gogh threw school, after which he went to work at the branch of a large Paris Art Goupil & Cie. Successfully worked in the gallery first in the Hague, then in the departments in London and Paris.

By 1876, Vincent finally cooled to trade in painting and decided to go in the footsteps of his father. In the UK, he found the work of the teacher at the boarding school in a small town in the suburbs of London, there also performed the responsibilities of the assistant pastor. On October 29, 1876, he spent his first sermon. In 1877 he moved to Amsterdam, where the study of theology at the university was engaged.

Van Gogh "Maki"

In 1879, Van Gogh received a secular preacher in Vame, the Mining Center in Boringe, in the south of Belgium. Then he continued his preaching mission in a nearby village of whom.

In the same period, Van Gogh had a desire to draw.

In 1880, he entered Brussels in the Royal Academy of Arts (Académie Royale Des Beaux-Arts de Bruxelles). However, due to its unbalanced nature, he soon threw a course and continued art education on his own, using reproductions.

In 1881, in Holland under the leadership of his relative, an artist-landscape player Anton Mauwe, Van Gogh created his first picturesque works: "Still-life with cabbage and wooden shoes" and "still life with a beer glass and fruit."

In the Dutch period, starting from the painting "Potato cleaning" (1883), the main motive of the artist's cloths was the topic of ordinary people and their labor, the focus was on the expressivity of scenes and figures, dark, dark colors and shades prevailed in the palette, sharp drops of light and shadow . The masterpiece of this period is considered canvas "Potatoes" (April-May 1885).

In 1885, Van Gogh continued his studies in Belgium. In Antwerp, he entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts (The Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp). In 1886, Vincent moved to Paris to his younger brother Theo, who by that time was taken by the post of lead manager Gouupil Gallery on Montmartre. Here Van Gogh for about four months took lessons from the French artist-realist Fernan Kormon, I met the impressionists by Camille Pisarro, Claude Monet, a field of Gogen, who took over their painting maneer.

© Public Domain. "Portrait of Dr. Gasha" brush van gogh

© Public Domain.

In Paris, Van Gogh had an interest in creating images of human faces. Without having funds to pay for models, he turned to a self-portrait by creating about 20 paintings in this genre in two years.

Paris period (1886-1888) became one of the most productive creative periods of the artist.

In February 1888, Van Gogh went to the south of France in Arles, where he dreamed of creating a creative community of artists.

In December, Vincent's mental health was strongly shaken. During one of the uncontrolled outbreaks of aggression, he threatened an open razor to Hojn to him at the plenary, and then sliced \u200b\u200ba piece of the ear of the ear, sent him as a gift to one of the familiar women. After this incident, Van Gogh was placed first in a psychiatric hospital in Arle, and then voluntarily lay down to treatment with the specialized clinic of St. Paul Mausoliansky near Saint-Remy de Provence. The chief doctor of the hospital Theophile Paron put his patient a diagnosis of "acute manic disorder". However, the artist was granted a certain freedom: he could write outdoors under the supervision of personnel.

In Saint-Remy, Vincent alternated periods of turbulent activity and long breaks caused by deep depression. In just a year of stay in the clinic Van Gogh drew about 150 paintings. One of the most outstanding canvases of this period were: "Starry Night", "Irises", "Road with cypresses and a star", "Olives, Blue Sky and White Cloud", "Pieta".

In September 1889, with the active assistance of Brother Theo, the paintings of Van Gogh took part in the Salon of the Independent, the exhibition of contemporary art, organized by the Society of Independent Artists in Paris.

In January 1890, Van Gogh's canvas were exhibited at the eighth exhibition of the G20 in Brussels, where they were enthusiastic critics.

In May 1890, in the mental state, Van Gogh had improved, he left the hospital and settled in the town of Over-sur-UAZ (Auvers-sur-Oise) in the suburbs of Paris under the supervision of the doctor of the Hashe.

Vincent actively engaged in painting, almost every day he ended the picturesque cloth. During this period, he wrote several outstanding portraits of Dr. Hashe and 13-year-old Adeline Rava, the daughter of the hotel owner in which he settled.

On July 27, 1890, Van Gogh at regular time left the house and went to draw. Upon return, after the persistent questions of the four Rava, he admitted that he shot himself from the pistol. All attempts by Dr. Gasha save the wounded turned out to be in vain, Vincent fell into someone and at night on July 29 died at the age of thirty seven years. He was buried on the cemetery of Overs.

American biographers of Artist Stephen Niphech and Gregory White Smith in his study "Life Van Gogh" (Van Gogh: The Life) of the death of Vincent, on which he died not from his own bullet, but from a random shot committed by two drunk young people.

During the ten-year creative activities, Van Gogh managed to write 864 paintings and almost 1,200 drawings and engravings. During his lifetime, only one picture of the artist - landscape "Red Vineyards in Arle" was sold. The cost of the painting was 400 francs.

Material prepared on the basis of open sources information

Van Gogh Vincent (Van Gogh Vincent), Dutch painter. In 1869-1876 he served as a fellow art and trading company in the Hague, Brussels, London, Paris, in 1876 he worked as a teacher in England. Van Gogh studied theology, in 1878-1879 was a preacher in the Shakhtar district of Boringe in Belgium. The protection of the interests of miners led Van Gogh to the conflict with the church authorities. In the 1880s, Van Gogh turned to art, visited the Academy of Arts in Brussels (1880-1881) and Antwerp (1885-1886).

Van Gogh used the tips of the painter A. Mauwe in the Hague, with hobby, painted ordinary people, peasants, artisans, prisoners. In a series of paintings and etudes of the mid-1880s ("peasant", 1885, the State Museum of the Kleller-Muller, Otterlo; "Potato Etheries", 1885, Vincent Van Gogh, Amsterdam Foundation), written in the dark picturesque gamme marked with painful-sharp The perception of human suffering and feelings of depression, the artist recreates the oppressive atmosphere of psychological tensions.

In 1886-1888, Van Gogh lived in Paris, visited a private artistic studio, studied the painting of impressionism, Japanese engraving, "synthetic" works of the Gaugaen field. During this period, the Wang Gogh's palette became light, earthy paints disappeared, pure blue, golden yellow, red tones, characteristic of him, dynamic, as if flowing smear ("Bridge over Seine", 1887, "Dad Tangi", 1881). In 1888, Van Gogh moved to Arles, where it was finally determined by the originality of his creative manner. Flaming art temperament, painful glowing to harmony, beauty and happiness and at the same time, the fear of hostile man forces find the embodiment of the south of the scenery ("harvest. Valley of La Cro", 1888), then in the sinister, reminiscent night Nightmare Images ("Night Cafe", 1888, Private Assembly, New York). The dynamics of color and smear in the paintings of Van Gogh fills spiritual life and movement not only nature and inhabiting her people ("Red Vineyards in Arle", 1888, GMI, Moscow), but also inanimate items ("Bedroom Van Gogh in Arles", 1888) .

In recent years, Van Gogh in recent years was accompanied by the attacks of mental illness, which led him to the hospital for mentally ill in Arles, then in Saint-Remy (1889-1890) and in Over-sur-UAZ (1890), where he committed suicide. The work of the last two years of the artist's life was marked by ecstatic obsession, extremely aggravated expression of color combinations, sharp changes in mood - from inflounted despair and gloomy vision ("Road with cypress trees and stars", 1890, Museum of Kreller-Muller, Outerlo) before the reverent feeling of enlightenment and peace ("Landscape in Overah after Rain", 1890, GMI, Moscow).