Scarlatti. Biographies, stories, facts, photos of the great Italian

And Georg Friedrich Handel. Domenico was the sixth child of ten, the younger brother Pietro Filippo Scarlatti, also a musician. Most likely that the first teacher Domenico was his father - Alessandro Scarlatti, a famous composer of that time. The following composers could also be young Domenico teachers: Gaetano Greco, Francesco Gaparini and Bernardo Paskvini, each of whom could affect his composer style.

He became a composer and an organist of the royal chapel in Naples. A year he processes opera Carlo Francesco Pollarolo Irene. For execution in Naples. After that, the father sends him to Venice. Nothing is known about his next four years. In he comes to Rome, serve Maria Casimir, the Polish queen in exile. There he meets Thomas Rosengrav, an English Organist, who later caused an enthusiastic adoption in London Sonatas Dominic Scarlatti. Magnificent Clavesicist, he participated in the competition performers held at the Palace of Cardinal Ottoboni in Rome, and was recognized better than Handele on this tool, but Herd Handel in the game on the organ. All the remaining life of Scarlatti with awe spoke about the skill of Handel.

Also during their stay in Rome Scarlatti wrote several operas for the private theater of Queen Kazimir. From a year he was a dropmaster in the Cathedral of St. Peter, and in the last year he went to London, where he set his opera Narcisco. In the royal theater.

Music

Only part of the works of Scarlayti was published during his life. It is believed that Scarlatti himself published a collection of 30 of its most famous works Essercizi.("Exercises"). The collection with delight was accepted throughout Europe, and was marked by an outstanding musical criticism of the eighteenth century Charles Barney.

Most of the Sonatas that were not published during the life of Scarlatti were rarely printed and irregular during the next two and a century. Despite this, his music attracted outstanding musicians, such as Frederick Chopin, Bela Bartok, Heinrich Shenker and Vladimir Horowitz. Sonatas Scarlatti have greatly influenced the Russian Piano Game School.

Scarlatti wrote more than five hundred Sonatas, most have a two-part form, with an immutable pace. Modern technique for the piano tested the strong influence of these Sonatas. Some of them show the bold work with harmony, which is expressed both in the use of dissonance and clusters, and in unexpected modulations into non-parallel tonality.

The following qualities are characteristic of the writings of Dominico Scartlatti:

1. Spanish folk music strongly influenced Scarlatti. This obviously indicates the use of Scarlayti Freigia Lada and modulation of tonalities, uncharacteristic for European musical art. Including the use of clusters to the highest degree of disconnect sound as imitation of the guitar sound. Sometimes he quoted folk melodies with almost no change, which was very unusual. Nobody, except Scarlatti, did not reach the Bella Barthok and its contemporaries, did not reach such a sharp sound of folk quotes in their works.
2. Domenico Scartlatti anticipated in his music a lot of elements of the shape, texture and style of the music, which will be called classicism later.
3. A sign of a music letter, after which each half of the Sonata turns to a turning point. Scarlayti's creativity researcher, Ralph Kirkpatrick called this sign "The Crux", sometimes this sign will be emphasized by a pause or fermatoma. Scarlayti is also a pioneer in the kingdom of rhythm and musical syntax: syncopes and intersecting rhythms are very often found in its works.

Music records

Sonatas Domenico Scartlatti recorded many clasiesis and pianists.

Some Scarlayti keyboard signs recorded Brazilian guitarists-virtuosos Assad Brothers (Sergio and Oodir).

• Domenico Scartlatti appears as an episodic character in the novel Baltazar and Blimenda Nobel laureate Jose Saramago.
• In honor of Scarlatti, a crater on Mercury is named.

Musical fragments

Domenico Scarlatti, Sonata Si Minor (L236) (info) (information about the file)

see also

List of printed works about Domenico Scarlatti

• Kirkpatrick R. Domenico Scarlatti. Princeton University Press. 1953.
• Scarlatti D. Sixty Sonatas for Piano. Ed. A. B. Goldenveizer. M., 1934-1935.
• Scarlatti D. Sonata for Piano / Ed. A. A. Nikolaeva and I. A. Othanva. M., 1973-1974.
• Kuznetsov K. Sketches about D. Scarlatti // Soviet music. - 1935. - № 10.
• Klimovitsky A. The birth and development of the sonata form in the work of D.Skarlatti // Musical form questions. Issue 1. - M., 1966.
• Petrov Yu. P. On the cyclic principle of execution of Sonatov D. Scarlatti // Modern questions of musical execution and pedagogy. Issu.27 - M., 1976.
• Valabrega S. 11 Clavicembalista D. Scarlatti, 2 ED ..

Links

• full Music Collection for Harpsichord, Links for Music Downloads in MIDI format
• Piano Society - short biography and several records in MP3 format, the execution of Chase Colman, Knuta Eric Jensen, Roberto Karnevale and Graceillia Konkas (Chase Coleman, Knut Erik Jensen, Roberto Carnevale, Graziella Concas)
• Domenico Scarlatti: Music notes on International Music Score Library Project

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- (ITAL. GIUSEPPE DOMENISCO SCARLATTI); October 26, 1685, Naples on July 23, 1757, Madrid) Italian composer and clauser; I spent most of my life in Spain and Portugal. His writing style had a great influence on the music of the era ... ... Wikipedia

There are three options for cataloging Sonatas Domenico Scarlatti. The most complete numbering of all 555 Sonatat is proposed by Ralph Kirkpatrick in 1953. Her designation K. Designation L refers to the publication of Sonat Longo (1909), and the designation F ... Wikipedia

The famous surname of Italian composers and musicians of the Baroque era: Alessandro Scarlatti (1660 1725), Opera Composer, Founder of Neapolitan Opera School. Anna Maria Scarlatti, Opera Singer, Sister Alessandro. Giuseppe Domenico ... ... Wikipedia

Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Ital. Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti; October 26, 1685 (16851026), Naples July 23, 1757, Madrid) Italian composer and clause; I spent most of my life in Spain and Portugal. His writer ... ... Wikipedia

Father and son, Italian composers of the Baroque era. Scarlatti Alessandro (Scarlatti, Alessandro) Alessandro Scarlatti. (1660 1725), author of vocal and chamber of instrumental works, one of the founders of the Neapolitan school, in which ... ... Encyclopedia Color

Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, in 1685. In the same year, two other Masters Barochko were born - Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Handel. Domenico was the sixth ...

Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Ial. Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti; October 26, 1685, Naples - July 23, 1757, Madrid) - Italian composer and Claviers; Spent most of his life in Spain and Portugal. His writing style had a great influence on the music of the era of classicism, although he himself lived in the baroque era.

Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, in 1685. In the same year, two other Masters Barochko were born - Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Friedrich Handel. Domenico was a sixth child of ten, the younger brother Pietro Filippo Scarlatti, also a musician. Most likely that the first teacher Domenico was his father - Alessandro Scarlatti, a famous composer of that time. The following composers could also be young Domenico teachers: Gaetano Greco, Francesco Gaparini and Bernardo Paskvini, each of whom could affect his composer style.

He became a composer and an organist of the royal chapel in Naples in 1701. In 1704, he processes the opera Carlo Francesco Pollarolo Irene for execution in Naples. After that, the father sends him to Venice. About the next four years nothing is known. In 1709, he comes to Rome, serve Maria Casimir, the Polish Queen in Exile. There he meets Thomas Rosengrav, an English Organist, who later caused an enthusiastic adoption in London Sonatas Dominic Scarlatti. Magnificent Clavesicist, he participated in the competition performers held at the Palace of Cardinal Ottoboni in Rome, and was recognized better than Handele on this tool, but Herd Handel in the game on the organ. All the remaining life of Scarlatti with awe spoke about the skill of Handel.

Also during their stay in Rome Scarlatti wrote several operas for the private theater of Queen Kazimir. From 1715 to 1719, he was a dropmeister in the Cathedral of St. Peter, and in the last year he went to London, where he set his opera Narcisco in the Royal Theater.

In 1720 or 1721, he comes to Lisbon, where gives music lessons to the Princess Mary Magdalene Barbara. In Naples, he returns in 1725. During his visit to Rome in 1728, he marries Maria Katerina Jentyli. In 1729, he moved to Seville, where the next four years lives. There he met with Flamenko's music. In 1733, he comes to Madrid as a teacher of the music of the princess, which threatened with the Spanish royal house. Maria Barbara became Queen of Spain, so Scarlatti remains in Spain for the last quarter of a century, where five children are born. After the death of his wife, Mary Katerina in 1742, he marries again, in Spaniard Anastasia Mahart Jimenez. In Madrid, Scarlatti writes more than five hundred Sonatas for keyboards. It is these these works today have the greatest fame.

Dominico Scartlatti was a friend of Farinlli, the famous Castrata-soprano, who was also a native of Naples, but lived under the royal patronage in Madrid. The historian and musicologist Ralph Kirkpatrick discovered the correspondence of Farinelli, in which the most famous information about Scarlatti is found.

Domenico Giuseppe Scarlatti died in Madrid, at the age of 71. At his house in Calle Leganitos hangs a memorable board with his name, and his descendants still live in Madrid.

Only part of the works of Scarlayti was published during his life. It is believed that Scarlatti himself published a collection of 30 of its most famous works of Essercizi ("Exercises") in 1738. The collection with delight was accepted throughout Europe, and was marked by an outstanding musical criticism of the eighteenth century Charles Barney.

Most of the Sonatas that were not published during the life of Scarlatti were rarely printed and irregular during the next two and a century. Despite this, his music attracted outstanding musicians, such as Frederick Chopin, Bela Bartok, Heinrich Shenker and Vladimir Horowitz. Sonatas Scarlatti have greatly influenced the Russian School of Piano Games.

Scarlatti wrote more than five hundred sonatas, most have a one-room form, with an immutable pace and are a sample of an old two-part form. Modern game technique for piano experienced a strong influence of these sonatas. Some of them show the bold work with harmony, which is expressed both in the use of dissonance and clusters, and in unexpected modulations into non-parallel tonality.

The following qualities are characteristic of the writings of Dominico Scartlatti:

1. The Spanish folk music was strongly influenced on Scarlatti. This obviously indicates the use of Scarlayti Freigia Lada and modulation of tonalities, uncharacteristic for European musical art. Including the use of clusters to the highest degree of disconnect sound as imitation of the guitar sound. Sometimes he quoted folk melodies with almost no change, which was very unusual. Nobody, except Scarlatti, did not reach the Bella Barthok and its contemporaries, did not reach such a sharp sound of folk quotes in their works.

2. Domenico Scarlatti anticipated in his music a lot of elements of the shape, texture and style of the music, which will be called classicism later.

3. Receiving a formation when each of the two parts of the Sonata is suitable for a specific rotary torque. Scarlayti's creativity researcher, Ralph Kirkpatrick called this reception "Cross" ("The Crux"), sometimes this reception is emphasized by a pause or fermatomata. Scarlayti is also a pioneer in the kingdom of rhythm and musical syntax: syncopes and intersecting rhythms are very often found in its works.

Less known writings of Scarlayti in other genres. Among them are a few operas, including "Fetid on Skiros."

(Scarlatti, Alessandro) (1660-1725), author of vocal and chamber-tools, one of the founders of the Neapolitan school, in which the style of the Italian opera 18 V was formed. Born on May 2, 1660 in Palermo (Sicily), apparently, in the poor family. After Scarlatti showed musical abilities early (the first opera is written by him in 19 years old), he was given to the Conservatory "Sant Onofrio and Kapuan" in Naples, where it was possible to study for free (initially conservatory called shelters for orphans and smoothness in which pupils They gave musical education, preparing church singers from them). Also assume that he was engaged with J. Karissimi.

April 12, 1678 Alessandro, being in Rome, married Antonia Anzalon, and by 1695 there was a decident in the family. From 1680, he served as Khameaster who lived in Rome of the Swedish Queen Christina, and in 1684 he moved with his family to Naples. Here, a short time I taught in the conservatory "Sant Onofrio" and "Santa Maria di Loreto" and served as the Khomasister at the Spanish Vice-King in Naples. In 1702, realizing that the musical life of the city no longer gives him the opportunities to distinguish itself, and the charter from the need to write operas in the taste of Vice-king, Alessandro took a vacation and went on a trip to different cities along with the son of Domenico. For several years they spent in Florence, Rome and Venice, where Alessandro opera were set Mithridate Evpator (Il Mitridate Eupatore.) I. Triumph of freedom (Il Trionfo Della Libertà, Venice, 1707). In 1708, Alessandro returned to Naples. C 1718 to 1721 he lived in Rome; Among the operas created during this period - Telemac (Telemaco., 1718) and Virtue vs love (La Virtù Negli Amori, 1721). In 1722, he came to Naples again, where he lived until his death on October 24, 1725.

Alessandro acquired fame and as a teacher; In particular, he studied F.Durate, N. Logrosino and German composer I.A. Haasse.

The main contribution of Alessandro Scarlatti to the formation of a non-Oplean opera school is as follows: 1) He developed the form of Italian Overture (Sinfonia), based on the sequence of the pace "quickly - slowly - quickly"; 2) In his work, the scheme of Aria DA CAPO (AA-A) was entrenched as the prevailing form of an expression of the vocal beginning in the opera; 3) It has established a clear separation of an opera recalculation into two types - Recitativo Secco ("Dry" recitative with accompaniment of one classroom) and Recitativo Accompagnato ("accompanied" speaking with the support of the entire orchestra). Another important feature of the Neapolitan school was put forward to the central place in the opera of solo vocal aria, and other musical or dramatic elements moved to the background.

Among the opera Alessandro Scarlatti stand out: Rosaur (La Rosaura., Rome, 1690) - with its clearly built DA CAPO arias and accompanies; Tigran (Il Tigrane., Naples, 1715) - the large composition of the orchestra; Triumph of honor (Il Trionfo Dell "Onore, Naples, 1718) is the only comic composer opera.

Although the achievements of Scarlatti in the opera genre eclipsed his instrumental works, it is impossible not to recognize that the chamber ensemble and keyboard works of the composer demonstrate brilliant skills in the use of various expressive means. In the keystrokes, he is close to his contemporary B. Paskvini, although Scarlatti style is much richer by figuratively and technical solutions. His key players closer to the homophone letter than the music of Paskvini, and further depart from the old type of imitation counterpoint characteristic of the forms of Racherkar and Chancests. In the key genres of Scarlatti, there is a direct predecessor D. Buckstehude and I.S. Bach.

E.J.Dent in the list of large writings Alessandro Scarlatti Indicates 64 Opera from about 115 existing ones, as well as 20 oralsters, 19 serenad and festive Cantat, 29 Cantat for two solurating voices, sixteents of solo cantata with Basso Continuo, 61 solo cantatant with instrumental accompaniment , 8 Madrigalls, 10 MES and 57 Motets. In addition, there are 12 symphony (concrections) for a small orchestra, stringed quartet, sonates for different instrumental compounds, 29 Tokcat, 2 suite, 2 cycles of variations (one on the topic Foil A. Korelli), 6 preludes and fugues, 6 concerts for harpsichord and 3 organs.

Scarlayti, Domenico

(Scarlatti, Domenico) (1685-1757), Son Alessandro, composer, the largest master of Italian keyboard music 18 V. Born on October 26, 1685 in Naples and the primary education received from his father. In 1702, Domenico became an organist of the royal chapel in Naples (his father was there Khommester) and in the same year he composed his first operas. In 1705, he was sent to Venice to learn from F. Ghaplanini, but the strong influence of the father put the imprint for the whole life of Domenico.

Gasparini Domenico has passed a good school of counterpoint in the traditions of Palestrina. He also became a brilliant performer on the key, but at that time he still did not show that creative gift, which is obvious in the sonata of the middle and late period of his life. In 1709, Domenico got acquainted with Cardinal Ottoney in Rome with the Great G.F.Gendel.

In Rome, Domenico received the place of the Khmeuser from the Polish Queen Maria Casimiri and remained there until 1714, when Julia switched to Chapel in Vatican. In the same year, he was invited to the service of the Portuguese ambassador. In the Vatican Library, only individual spiritual writings of Domenico preserved - perhaps because he took the manuscript with him when traveling to Portugal in 1719 and some of them died during the Lisbon earthquake in 1755. In 1720, Domenico headed the royal chapel in Lisbon and began to give lessons Music Princess (Infanta) Mary Barbara. In 1729, when the princess married the heir to the Spanish throne of Prince Fernando, she took Scarlatti to Seville. The musician spent the entire remaining life in the service of the Spanish royal family.

Most of the shiny key sonatas entitled Essercizi. (Exercises), Domenico is written for his talented student Mary Barbara, who kept loyalty to the teacher all his life. It is assumed that the other famous student Domenico was the Spanish composer of Padre Antonio Soler.

The identity of the Skarlatti key style was revealed in 30 sonatas dated 1738. Sonates of Scarlatti are the most reliable and refined reflection of the Spanish musical style, in them with a large liveliness are captured by the spirit and rhythm of Spanish dances and guitar culture. These sonats often have a strictly binary form (AAVR), but its internal filling is very diverse.

Among the most striking features of the composer style are the color of dissonating harmonies and bold modulations. The uniqueness of the keyless letter of Scarlatti is associated with the wealth of invoice: there is a crossing of the left and right hand, rehearsal, trill and other types of ornament. Today, Domenico Sonatas are considered one of the most original works ever written for keyboard tools.

Domenico in Madrid died on July 23, 1757. In 1906, Rikardi's publishing house published 11 volumes Sonatat Scarlatti edited by A. Longo. He also published in 1936 the thematic composer compositions. But the work of Longo foamed after entering the light of the R. Kirkpatrick catalog, in which 555 Sonatas are given in chronological order. In the future, Kirkpatrick corrected a number of errors made by Longo and themselves. He proved that at least 400 Sonatas Sconalatti are located in the original sources so that the author's desire to group Sonates in Diptych and Triptykhi becomes undoubtedly becoming a certainty (Longo considered all Sonates as separate plays). In addition to sonatas, in the catalog of Kirkpatrick, there are 14 operas, 9 oralsters, serenad and other works in case of 16 chamber cantat and ariums and 13 spiritual compositions.

One of the most powerful and characteristic figures of Italian art of the XVIII century is Domenico Scarlatti. Its role is especially great in the history of piano creativity, in the formation of the genre of Sonata, in the development and improvement of the sonata form.

Domenico Scarlatti was born on October 25, 1685 in Naples. His father, the famous composer Alessandro Scarlatti, was his first music teacher. Other family members were excellent musicians - the Brothers Alessandro and his sons. Names are not only Alessandro and Domenico, but also Pietro, Tommazo, Francesco Scarlatti were known in Italy and other countries. Another child Domenico showed brilliant abilities to the game at the Chambalo and the body, and in the adolescent years, took the position of organic royal chapel in Naples. After classes with his father, he was improved in writing under the leadership of composers by D.Gasperini and B. Paskvini. First work. Bringing him fame, - Opera "Octavia", written in 1703.

Having found fame in his hometown, as well as in Florence and Venice, where he was still in early youth, Scarlayti went to Rome in 1709. There, his virtuoso game was widely recognized. About ten years later he was in the service of different high-ranking persons who patrious art: in the Roman court, the courtyard of the Queen of Polish Mary, in the Capella of the Portuguese Messenger, in Chapel of Julia in the Vatican.

In 1715, Scarlatti became an organist of the Cathedral of St. Peter and served four years in this post. Soon, at arrival in Rome, he appeared in the Academy of Ottoboni, where he became close to Ghendel, and this friendship lasted for many years. By this time, the creation of several operas and various works of iconic music, which now do not occupy a prominent place in the heritage of Scarlatti, and then enjoyed enviable success.

Since the 1720s, the composition of the composer has occurred a period of wanders on the European capitals: he visited England (perhaps in Ireland), then went to Lisbon, where he lived from 1721 to 1728, briefly drove to his homeland, and from 1729 settled in Madrid As a court dropper. In Spain, Slava Scarlatti reached apogee. It wrote most of those works that forever displeased his name, the piano (key) sonatas. Here he acquired talented students who took his principles, and created his school to which outstanding musicians belonged to, including the High-detached Spaniard Antonio Soler.

But Spain, who became his second homeland, did not justify his hopes. Neither brilliant skill, nor the court service and the patronage of the courts, nor the loud fame of the artist brought Scarlatti wealth and calm, secured life. The royal court, so wastefully and selfishly operated his genius, turned away from him when he became old and sick; The consequences of his scattered life affected. Scarlatti died in Madrid on July 23, 1757, leaving a large family without livelihood. During the life of the composer, there was only a very small part of his writings.

Domenico Scarlatti wrote twenty operas ("Octavia", "Iphigenment in Avlida", "Ifiger in Tavrida", "Orlando", "Silvia", "Narcissus" and others), six orals and cantat, intended for concert performance, fourteen chamber cantat , Aria and several Orials of church music. All this is a small and artistically least much of its creativity. Like Corelli, he almost all dedicated himself to the key, wrote at least five hundred fifty sonatas! During his life - in 1753 - it was published only thirty of them! The composer modestly called its creation "exercises for harpsile". Also modest were the goals that he put before him, taking the most edition. In the author's preface it is said: "Do not expect - whether you are an amateur or professional - a deeper meaning in these works; Take them, like fun to accustom yourself to the technique of Harpsichord ... Maybe they will see you pleasant, and then I am ready to answer new inquiries in the style, even more pleasant and diverse. "

However, contrary to these words, it was not about the fun, and not about the technique of a clussery game. In the "pleasant diversity" Sonatat Scarlatti, in their completely new style, revealed before the artist and the public, a deep and immense rich world of poetic images. With incomparable then brightness and strength, they reflected the validity of life, and with her impressed and the appearance of the author himself.

Domenico Scarlatti although she looked like some features on his famous predecessors and contemporaries, but in many respects and differed. He partly reminded Tartini with temperament, Vivaldi - creative scope, Korelli is a classic perfection and compression of the form. True, he did not reach the scale of the "Seasons", nor the drama of "devilish trills" or "abandoned Didona", nor the magnificent and relaxing beauty of the "Christmas concert". But no one before him managed so acutely and carefully listen to the splash and a spelling of the people's life, poetically and accurately capture emotions in music, the morals, the life of many completely different people - at least the two countries with which he was associated with origin, labor, Fate.

His sonates are not "Exercion", but rather small etudes or genre paintings of the people's life, which sometimes might come to compete with the realistic canvases of Caravaggio or Murillo on household topics. The method to which they are created is completely peculiar. It combines, it would seem, the polar sides or elements given, however, the power of the genius to the perfect artistic unity: graphically clear, sometimes a sharp pattern - and flaming brightness of the flavor; juicy and tart population of the musical language - and the elegance of the invoice; The miniature of the scale, compression of the form - and extremely intensive thematic development; the homophone of the warehouse - and melodic saturation of the whole tissue; Festive concert brilliance - and chamber of the genre; Imatabilities of the tempting of pinch tools, especially Luten, Mandolina, Spanish guitar - and a huge octave and chord technique. Sonata develops the possibility of harpsile and requires a new shock mechanism.

There are Sonata-Capricho Sonata and Tokcati; Sonata -itsa-dance - dizzying fast hots, salitarelles, alas, Forelans. He has both Sonata-Elegy, song and melancholic. There are witty, spicy burlerkees; The comic fuss and miniature they resemble the scenes of some theater from Don Quixote. There are among them idyllic pastorals and small dramas, unexpectedly arising somewhere in the funny day of the holiday and the flowing sounds, before you have time to listen to these voices.

Scarlatti melody is not at all the magnitude and deceased cantilene vocal type, which was hardly the main charm of the Italian violin school of the XVII century. Its figurative and expressive and technical basis is different. Melodic images of "Exercion", deployed usually in a very wide range, are diverse: sometimes they are bending, rounded, fluid, when, scattering in figures, boil or slide down; But the composer loves the composer rhythmically acute, brittle drawing with short, sharply expressive phrases, savfully, sometimes defiantly shots on the wide intervals and the extreme registers removed from each other.

The rhythmic image of Scarlatti was for its time and tool seem to be boundless. Keeping the support on the rhythms of the dances and the most difficult, very often Spanish, he recreated them in hundreds of the most extensive options, never throwing melodic movement and not falling into manners. His rhythmic figures are energetic, elastic, expressive, natural. His famous self-removal syncopes, so extravagant, at first glance, interrupting the size of music, also populatory origin.

New, fresh paint and keypad techniques applied Scarlatti in the field of harmony, captured and summarizing here a lot of original and precious, overheard by him in folk music.

There is a composer and sonata fugues that are not inferior to the famous fugars of his father and even richer and committed on thematic development. By the number of polyphonic plays of a concert repertoire, who performed almost all the virtuosos of the world, belongs to the so-called "Cat Fugue".

The texture of these sonatas, diverse, changing, then light and transparent, then massive, sometimes rarefied and fragile due to the "capture" of extreme instrument registers, is always finished with such perfection and grace that herself already delivers the performer.

But all the brightest innovation of Scarlatti and his incomparable talent of the builder of the form manifested themselves in the creation of ancient sonatas based on two different and especially on two contrasting topics. It was a great progressive conquest of musical art on the path of incarnation of real-life images. The fact that Vivaldi is boldly, but only episodically carried out in some concerts, Scarlatti still had a bolder to the non-cyclic form of chamber music. The expressive opportunities of one-piece sonata expanded, the breath of life washed her; In it, as on stage, various images, characters, situations were suddenly appeared. True, all this only superficially flashed in a lively movement without widespread development, without drama, all the more - without claims to the philosophical depth in the artistic comprehension of reality. And yet it was the beginning of the path leading from Scarlatti to Mozart and Beethoven.

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials from the site http://www.belcanto.ru were used

Alessandro Scarlatti, whose biography will be presented in this article, this is the great Italian composer, who worked in the Baroque era at the end of the 17th - early 18th century. It is he who is considered the father-founder of the Neapolitan opera school. His brother and sons were also famous composers.

Composer biography

Alessandro Scarlatti was born in Palermo in 1660. His teacher was allegedly Jacob Carissi. A. Scarlatti wrote his first opera at the age of 19. That same year she was set in Rome.

In 1684, Alessandro enters the service for the vice-king of Naples as a drop-messer. Contributed to this appointment of his singer, who had an influential lover. Most of their works by A. Scarlatti wrote in Naples.

In 1702, the composer went to Florence, then - in Rome, where Cardinal Ottoboni arranged him with a cappermaster to Church of Santa Maria Maggiore.

In 1708, Alessandro Scartlatti returned extraapolis.

The last work of the composer became a serenade dedicated to the wedding of Prince Stigliano. Alessandro did not have time to complete her work. In 1725, the composer died.

Works of the Great Italian

Alessandro Scarlatti was the creator of his own musical form. In its operators, the manner of singing was the middle between the classic and school of the early Italian baroque. Forms of construction of the melodies in the aria, he made three skate instead of the two-chapted. And also carefully worked as an accompaniment to them. Over time, A. Scartlatti opera has become more traditional, he began to use the rhythm for them, and the orchestrations became rough.

Late his works wrote more vivid and spectacular Alessandro Scarlatti. Opera composer:

• "Honesty in love."
• "Innocent error."
• "Rosaur."
• "Pompey".
• Pyrr and Demetriy.
• "From evil - good."
• "Mithridate Evpator."
• "Theodore Augustus".
• "The faithful princess".
• "Restored Olympia."
• "Tigran".

Other.

In addition to the opera, Alessandro Scarlatti wrote about forty orally, a large amount of serenade, more than five hundred chamber cantat, several messes, eighteen symphony, fourteen sonatas, tokkate, suite and variations.

Son

Sons of Alessandro Scarlatti, like the Father, became composers. Most known from them Domenico. He was born in 1685 in Naples. Domenico composed music and played on Clavesis. Most of the life he spent in Spain. The full name of the composer is Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti. It is not known anyone who was his teacher, but it is logical to assume that his father was the first teacher.

In 1701, Domenico Scarlatti became an organist and composer at the court of Vice-King Naples. Then he served in Venice, later in Rome. Domenico was an excellent clause and once even won the competition, which in his Roman Palace arranged Cardinal Ottoboni. Domenico on this competition in the game on the Clavesis exceeded Friedrich Handel himself.

The composer wrote his first opera for the private theater of Queen Casimir at a time when he served in Rome.

In 1720-1721 D. Scarlatti lived in Lisbon. There he taught the music of Princess Maria Magdalena Barbara. In 1725, he returned to Naples.

In 1729, the composer moved to Spain. From 1733, Domenico lives in Madrid at the courtyard of Mary Magdalena Barbara, who became the Spanish Queen. His close friend was the famous singer-singers of Farinelli.

The composer at the age of 71 in Madrid died.

Creativity Domenico

Domenico Scarlatti is less known than his great father. A very small part of the works of this composer was published during his life. The rest of the essays were published after his death, and it is irregular and very rare.

Nevertheless, the work of Domenico attracted such musicians as Bela Barthok, Frederick Chopin, Vladimir Horowitz, Heinrich Shenker and others.

D. Scarlatti for his life wrote more than five hundred Sonatat, ten orally, fifteen operas (the most famous of whom "Fetid on Skiros"), a large number of works for the orchestras, church music.

For the compositions of this composer, the use of syncous rhythm, frequent modulations, Frigian Lada, dissident sound, citation of folk melodies. Domenico Scartlatti became a pillar of style in music, which will give the name "Classicism" later.