Tatars Description of appearance. What is the character of the Tatars? The main features of the representatives of this ethnic

07.04.2019

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Tatars - title people Republic of Tatarstan, which is included in the Russian Federation. This is a Turkic ethno group having many subethotions. Due to the wide settlement in the regions of Russia and neighboring countries, they had an impact on their ethnogenesis, assimilated with the local population. Inside the ethnos there are several anthropological types of Tatars. Tatar culture is filled with unusual national traditions for Russians.

Where live

Approximately half (53% of the total mass) Tatars live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Others are resets in the rest of Russia. Representatives of the people live in the areas of Central Asia, Far East, Volga region, Siberia. By territorially ethnic sign, people are divided into 3 large groups:

Siberian
Astrakhan
Living on the Middle Volga, Ural.

The last group includes: Kazan Tatars, Mishary, Tytyari, quicken. Other subercises include:

Casimov Tatars
Perm Tatars
Polish Lithuanian Tatars
Chepetsky Tatars
Nagaybaki

Number

In total, there are 8,000,000 Tatars in the world. Of these, about 5.5 million live in Russia and the subjects of the Russian Federation. This is the second place in numbers after citizens of Russian nationality. At the same time in Tatarstan there are 2,000,000 people, Bashkortostan 1,000,000. A small amount of He moved to neighboring regions:

Uzbekistan - 320,000;
Kazakhstan - 200,000;
Ukraine - 73,000;
Kyrgyzstan - 45 000.

A slight number lives in Romania, Turkey, Canada, USA, Poland.

Kazan - Capital of Tatarstan

Language

The state language of Tatarstan is Tatar. It belongs to the Volga-Khpchak subgroup of the Turkic branch of Altai languages. Representatives of subethnos are talking on their dialects. The closest are the speech features of the peoples of the Volga region and Siberia. Currently, Tatar writing is based on Cyrillic. Before that, Latin was used, and in the Middle Ages, the basis of writing was Arabic symbols.

Religion

The overwhelming majority of Tatars are Muslims, confessing the Islam of the Sunni direction. Orthodox Christians are also found. A small part considers himself atheists.

Name

Self-breaking nation - Tatarslar. There is no clear version of the origin of the term "Tatars". There are several versions of etymology of this word. The main ones are:

Root tAT., meaning "testing", plus suffix aR - "Receiving experience, adviser."
Derived from tatven - "Mirny, Ally".
On some dialects tAT. Indicates "In Semechan".
On the Mongolian word tatari. means "badly talking".

According to two last versionsThese words called Tatars other tribes that did not understand their language for which they were alien.

History

The first testimonies about the existence of Tatar tribes found in the Turkic chronicles. Also about the Tatars mention Chinese sources as people who lived on the shores of the Amur. They refer to 8-10 centuries. Historians believe that the ancestors of modern Tatars were formed with the participation of the Khazar, Polovian nomads, the tribes inhabited by the Volga Bulgaria. They united in one community with their culture, writing, language. In the 13th century, the Golden Horde was created - a powerful state that had a division on class, aristocracy, clergy. By the 15th century, it broke up into individual Khanate, which gave rise to the formation of sub ethnic groups. At a later time, the mass migration of Tatars on the territory of the Russian state began.
As a result of genetic studies, it turned out that different Tatar subethnotes did not have common progenitors. There is also a wide variety of genome inside subgroups, from which it can be concluded about the impact on their creation of a plurality of peoples. In some ethno groups, the percentage of the genome of Caucasian nationalities is great, while Asian is almost absent.

Appearance

Tatars of different ethnobroups have different appearance. This is due to a large genetic variety of types. A total of 4 types of representatives of the people on anthropological attribute were revealed. It:

Pontic
Sublaponoid
Mongoloid
Light european

Depending on the anthropological type, people of Tatar nationality have light or dark skin, hair and eyes. Representatives of the Siberian ethno group are most similar to Asian. They have a wide flat face, a narrow eye cut, an extended nose, upper eyelid with a fold. Small skin, hard, black, dark iris. They are low growth, squat.

Volga Tatars have an oval face, light skin. They are distinguished by the presence of a hubber on the nose, apparently from the Caucasian peoples. Eyes big, gray or brown. Men high growth, with good physique. There are blue-eyed and blonde representatives of this group. Kazan Tatars have a medium-dark skin, brown eyes, dark hair. They have the right features of the face, straight nose, clearly outlined cheekbones.

A life

The main classes of Tatar tribes were:

agriculture;
pasture-stall animal husbandry;
horticulture.

Conducting hemp, barley, lentil, wheat, oats, rye. Agriculture was three-pole type. Cattle breeding was expressed in breeding sheep, goats, bulls, horses. This lesson allowed to receive meat, milk, wool, skin skins. Horses and bulls were used as hard animals and for movement. Also grown rooted, mudflows. Beekeeping has been developed. Separate tribes were engaged in hunting, mainly living in the Urals. Fisheries was common in ethno groups who inhabited the coast of Volga and the Urals. Among the crafts distribution received such classes:

jewelry production;
rotally case;
valyal craft;
weaving;
leather production.

The National Tatar ornament is characterized by the presence of floral, vegetable drawings. It shows the proximity of the people to nature, the ability to see beauty in the world around the world. Women knew how to weave themselves, sewed everyday and festive costumes. Details of clothing decorated with patterns in the form of flowers, plants. In the 19th century, embroidery with gold threads became popular. From the skin made shoes, details of the wardrobe. Products from leather used popularity different shadesstitched with each other.

Up to the 20th century in tribes were a tribal relationship. There was a division between male half of the population and female. Girls isolated from young people, they did not communicate before the wedding. A man had a higher status than a woman. The remnants of such relations are preserved in Tatar settlements and now.

All Tatar families are deeply patriarchals. Everything that Father says is unquestioned. Children honor the mother, but the wife practically does not have the right to vote. The boys are brought up in permissiveness, as they are the successors of the kind. Girls since childhood teach decency, modesty, submission to a man. Young girls know how to keep household, help mothers in the house.
Marriages were arranged between their parents. Young consent was not asked. Relatives of the groom were obliged to pay Kalim - ransom. Most wedding rites and feast took place without the presence of the bride and groom, numerous relatives participated in them. The girl got to her husband only after paying Calma. If the groom arranged the abduction of the bride, then the family was released from redemption.

Housing

Tatar tribes have had their own settlements on the banks of the rivers, close to large roads. Aules were raised chaotic, without ordered layout. The villages were characterized by winding streets, sometimes leading to a dead end. From the side of the street, they put a deaf fence, the housekeeping was made in the courtyard, placing them with a handful or in the form of the letter P. Board, a mosque, shopping shops were located in the center of the settlement.

Tatar houses were the logged structures. Sometimes the dwelling was made of stone, less often it was global. The roof was drowned by straw, drank, boards. The house had two or three rooms, including the Songs. Rich families could afford two and three-storey dwellings. Inside the house was divided into female and men's halves. In the houses they did ovens, according to the type of Russians. They were located near the entrance. Inside the housing was decorated with embroidered towels, tablecloths. Outside the walls painted with an ornament, rubbed threads.

clothing

Tatar folk costume formed under the influence of Asian culture. Some elements were borrowed from the Caucasian peoples. Outfits of different ethnobroups differ slightly. The basis of the male costume makes such elements as:

An elongated shirt (Kulmek).
Sharovar type pants.
Long sleeveless.
Wide belt.
Skullcap.
Ichigi.

The tunic is decorated at the top and bottom to the national ornament, it was subjected to a wide long piece of matter with fringe at the ends. In addition to the shirt, loose pants were worn. Out of the set wearing a strawberry, the shelter which was supplied with embroidery. Sometimes they put on a long bathrobe (almost to the floor) of a cotton material. The head was covered with a tubette, which generously decorated with a national ornament. Some ethno groups wore fez - Turkish hats. In cold weather, Beshmet was worn - caftan narrow cutting lengths. In winter, wearing sheepskin coats, fur hats. Shoes served by Ichigi. These are lightweight, comfortable soft-skinned boots without a heel. Ichigi decorated with colored leather inserts, ornament.

The outfits of Tatar girls are very colorful, feminine. Initially, girls wore a suit like a male: long (in floor) tunic and wide pants. Waolas were sewn to the lower edge of the tunic. The upper part was expanded by patterns. In modern outfits of the tunic transformed into a long dress with a narrow bodice and anted beacon. The dress is well emphasized female figure, giving her lush forms. On top of it, a vest of medium length or length to the waist is put on top of it. It is richly decorated with embroidery. The head is covered with a cap like fez, chhalma or caalfak.

Traditions

Tatars - a nation with a dynamic temperament. They are very movable, love dancing and music. IN tatar culture Many holidays and customs. They celebrate almost all Muslim holidays, as well as they have an ancient rituals associated with the phenomena of nature. The main holidays are:

Sabantuy.
Naradigan.
Novruz.
Kurban Bayram.
Eid al Adha.
Ramadan.

Ramadan is a holy feast of spiritual cleansing. It is called the name of the Tatar calendar, the ninth in the account. The whole month is a strict post, in addition, it is necessary to pray hard. It helps a person to cleanse dirty thoughts, to get closer to God. This is strengthened faith in Allah. Uraza-Bayram is celebrated on the occasion of the end of the post. On this day, you can eat everything that Muslims can not afford to the post. The holiday is celebrated by the whole family, with the invitation of relatives. In rural areas, walking with dancing, songs, fairs.

Kurban-Bayram is a feast of sacrifices, marked 70 days after Uraza-Bayrama. This is the main holiday from Muslims around the world and the most beloved. On this day, sacrifice is brought in favor of Allah. The legend says that the Most High as a test asked the Prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice her son. Ibrahim decided to fulfill the desire of Allah, showing the unshakableness of his faith. Therefore, God left his son alive, she began to slaughter the lamb instead. On this day, Muslims must be sacrificed to the sheep, a ram or a goat, a part of meat to leave himself, the rest of the needy.

Very significant for the Tatar is Sabantuy - the feast of the plow. This is the day of the end of spring field work. He is dedicated to work, crop, healthy image Life. Sabantuy celebrate fun, with a scope. On this day, walking, dancing, sport competitions. Singers, dancers are held. It is customary to call guests, serve treats. On the table put porridge, painted eggs, buns.

Nardigan is an ancient pagan holiday of the winter solstice. He is celebrated at the end of December. Translated from Mongolian holiday name means "Birth of the Sun". There is a belief that with the beginning of the solstice of the strength of the darkness losing their power. Youth dressing up in costumes, masks and walks through the courtyards. On the day of the Spring Equinox (March 21), Novruz is celebrated - the arrival of spring. According to the astronomical sunny calendar, comes new Year. Light day overtakes night, the sun turns on the summer.
Another one interesting custom It is that the Tatars do not eat pork. This is explained by the laws of Islam. The bottom line is that Allah knows what he benefits his creatures, that is, people. It prohibits eating pork meat, as it is considered unclean. This locked is reflected in the Quran - the book sacred for Muslims.

Names

Tatars call children with beautiful, sonorous names that have a deep meaning. Popular male names are:

Karim - generous;
Camille - perfect;
Anvar - radiant;
Arslan - Lion;
Dinar - precious.

Girls are called the names that reveal natural qualities, symbolizing the beauty, wisdom. Common Women's Names:

Venus - Star;
Gulnara - decorated with flowers;
Kamaliya - perfect;
Lucia is light;
Ramil - miraculous;
Fillow - radiant.

Food

The peoples of Asia, Siberia, the Urals were greatly influenced by Tatar cuisine. The occurrence of their national dishes (pilaf, dumplings, Pakhlava, Chuck-Chuck) diverged the diet of the Tatars, made it diverse. Tatars kitchen is rich in meat, vegetables, seasonings. It has a lot of diverse baking, confectionery, nuts, dried fruits. In the Middle Ages, Konified was widely used, later began to add meat chickens, turkeys, geese. The Tatar's favorite meat dish is lamb. Many fermented dairy products: cottage cheese, Ayran, sour cream. Delmeni and dumplings 1 This is quite frequent food on the Tatar desk. Delmeni eat with broth. Popular Tatar cuisine dishes:

Shurpa - fat, thick lamb-based soup.
Balish is a fresh dough baked cake, stuffed with potatoes, rice or fast. This is the most ancient dish, it is served on festive table.
Tutyrma is a homemade sausage from the intestine, styled by chopped meat with rice.
Beshbarmak - stewed meat with homemade noodles. Traditionally, they eat it with hands, hence the name "five fingers" occurred.
Pakhlava is a treat who came from the East. It is a puff pastry cookie with nuts in syrup.
Chuck-Chuck - a sweet product from a test with honey.
Gubady is a closed cake with a sweet filling, which is distributed by layers. It includes rice, dried fruits, cottage cheese.

Potatoes are often used as a garnish. There are snacks from beets, carrots, tomatoes, sweet peppers. The food uses turnip, pumpkin, cabbage. Frequent dishes are cereal. For everyday meals, sworn, buckwheat, pea, rice. On the Tatar table there are always many sweets from fresh and bite dough. These include: Baursak, Chelpeck, Catlama, Kosh Body. In sweet dishes, honey is often added.

Beverage Popular:

aYRAN - fermented milk product based on kefir;
kvass from rye flour;
sherbet is a cooler drink made of rosehip, licorice, roses with adding honey, spices;
herbal teas.

For Tatar cuisine, quenching, cooking, baking in the furnace. Food is not fried, sometimes boiled meat are a little roasted in the oven.

Famous people

Among the Tatar people a lot talented peoplewho famous for the whole world. These are athletes, science and culture figures, writers, actors. Here is some of them:

Chulpan Hamatova - actress.
Marat Basharov - actor.
Rudolf Nureyev - ballet dancer.
Musa Jalil is the famous poet, the hero of the Soviet Union.
Zakir Rameev is the classic of Tatar literature.
Alsu - singer.
Azat Abbasov - Opera singer.
Gata Kamsky - Grossmaster, US Champion in Chess in 1991, is among the 20 strongest chess players in the world.
Zainetula Bilyaletdinov - Olympic champion, multiple world champion and Europe in the hockey team, coach of the Russian national hockey team.
Albina Akhatova is a five-time world champion in biathlon.

Character

Tatar nation is very hospitable, friendly. The guest - important person In the house, they relate to him with great respect, asked to divide the meal. Representatives of this people possess a cheerful, optimistic character, do not like to lose heart. They are very sociable, talkative.

Men characterizes perseverance, purposefulness. They are distinguished by hard work, they are accustomed to achieving success. Tatar women are very friendly, responsive. They are brought up as a sample of morality, decency. They are tied to their children, try to give them the best.

Modern Tatars follow the fashion, look very well-groomed, attractive. They are educated with them there is always a talk about. Representatives of this people leave a pleasant impression about themselves.

Today, the Tatars are ambiguous. On the one hand, they are enthusiastic, because they, together with their brothers Mongols managed to conquer the good half (if not more than) the old world. On the other hand, they are not quite friendly, because there is an opinion that the nature of Tatars is far from the perfect. warlikely, bold, heter and to a certain extent cruel. But truth, as always, somewhere in the middle.

The nature of the Tatars was largely determined by the conditions in which they lived. Nomads, as you know, have worn people, strong and brave. They could easily adapt not only to any weather conditions, but also to any life situations. But always, the Tatars retained loyalty to their national traditions, the life of the community was led smart people In accordance with the ancient traditions.

What are the Tatars character really? People closely familiar with this people note that they are persistent and hardworking. In Tatar families, there are always many children. Interesting the fact that they believe in the fact that the sick woman can recover when the next baby will give birth to. Family for Tatar - most importantly, he reverial treats his half. Divorces among people of this nationality are quite small. And they live very together, always support each other that today is a big rarity for the peoples of the West.

Despite the fact that the nature of the Tatars as a whole includes such qualities as honesty and kindness, there are among them traitors, and scoundrels, and panties. As they say, everywhere there is a lousy sheep. The struggle for survival in the conditions of nomadic life gave rise to certain envy, ambition, trick in the hearts of representatives of this people. Tatars are pretty prudent, have a bright and fast mind, but also hot heads. However, they always think well before saying something with anger. Since antiquity, Tatars are engaged trade casesSo well succeed in this matter today. And the trade itself requires a chastity, trembleness and tricks. Interestingly, the serfs were not. They lived according to their rules and laws, and the landowners existed not at the expense of the labor of simple peasants.

The nature of the Tatars is special, as well as their worldview, philosophy, culture and language. But there is another distinctive people - the national kitchen, which legends go. Easy and nutritious, healthy foods personify the hospitality of the Tatar people. Always a traveler here offered hot dishes - meat, dairy and lean. As a rule, there is always a hot dish with a flour refueling on the table. There are festive and ritual dishes, such as dumplings and broth stuffed with chicken eggs. Practically classic is considered pilaf with boiled meat, amazing and diverse pastries. The bread is considered sacred.

Despite the fact that the people are confessing Islam, the Tatars-men character is quite friendly. In principle, the Tatarina is inherent in almost the same qualities that are characteristic of both a Russian person, so the girls should not be afraid if their chosen one belongs to this ethnic.

Appearance of Tatars. How to distinguish Tatars. Features each people have their own distinctive features that allow almost no mistake to determine the nationality of a person. It is worth noting that asian peoples Very similar to each other, since everyone is the descendants of the Mongoloid race. How can I define a tatar? What is the difference between the appearance of the Tatar?

Uniqueness without a doubt, each person is unique, regardless of nationality. Nevertheless, there are some common features that combine representatives of race or nationality. Tatars accepted to refer to the so-called Altai family. it turkic Group. The ancestors of the Tatar were known as farmers. Unlike other representatives of the Mongoloid race, the Tatars do not have pronounced features of the appearance. The appearance of the Tatars and the changes that are currently manifested in them are caused in many ways to assimilation with slavic peoples. True, among the Tatars sometimes found blonde, sometimes even red representatives. This, for example, cannot be said about Uzbeks, Mongols or Tajiks. Do the features of the eye of the Tatar? They do not have a narrow eye cut and dark skin. Are there any common features of the appearance of the Tatars?

Tatars description: a little history among the most ancient and crowded ethnic groups belongs to Tatars. In the Middle Ages, mention of them bought everyone around: in the east of the shores Pacific Ocean and to the Atlantic coast. Different scientists included mentioning the people in their works. The mood of these records was obviously polar: some wrote with an exquisite and admiration, other scientists showed out fear. But united all one thing - no one remained indifferent. It is obvious that it was the Tatars that had a huge impact on the development of Eurasia. They managed to create an original civilization that affected the most different cultures.

In the history of the Tatar people were both ups and downs. The periods of the world were replaced by the cruel time of bloodshed. The ancestors of modern Tatars took part in the creation of several strong states at once. Despite all the events of fate, they managed to maintain both their people and identity. Ethnic groups, thanks to the works of anthropologists, it became known that the ancestors of Tatars were not only representatives of the Mongoloid race, but also the Europeans. It was this factor that led to a variety of appearance. Moreover, the Tatars themselves are made to divide into groups: Crimean, Ural, Volga-Siberian, South Khaska. Volga-Siberian Tatars, whose features have the greatest signs of the Mongoloid race, differ in the following signs: dark hair, pronounced cheekbones, brown eyes, wide nose, fold over the top of the century. Representatives of this type are few. The face of the Volga Tatars oblong, cheekbones are not too pronounced. Eyes big and gray (or brown). Aquiline nose, eastern type. The physique is correct. In general, the men of this group are quite tall and hardy. They don't have dark skin. Such is the appearance of the Tatar from the Volga region.

Kazan Tatars: Appearance and customs The appearance of the Kazan Tatars is described as: A tightly folded strong man. Mongols are noticeable with a wide sulfur face and a slightly narrowed eye cut. Neck short and strong. Men rarely wear thick beard. Such features are explained by the merge of Tatar blood with different Finnish peoples. The marriage rite is not similar to religious action. From religiousness - only reading the first chapter of the Quran yes special prayer. After marriage, the young girl does not immediately move into his spouse's house: another year she will live in his family. It is curious that her new-minced husband comes to her as a guest. Tatar girls are ready to wait their lover. Only a few have two wives. And in cases where this happens, there are reasons: for example, when the first is already aged, and the second one is more young - now leads a household. Most often there are European Tatars Tatars - owners of blond hair and light eyes. Nose is narrow, eagle or hidden. Growth is low - there are about 165 cm in women. Features in the nature of the Tatar men were noticed by some features: diligence, cleanness and hospitality borders with stubbornness, pride and indifference. Respect for the eldest - that's what is especially distinguished by Tatars. It was noted that the representatives of this people tend to be guided by the mind, adjusts to the situation, law-abiding. In general, the synthesis of all these qualities, especially hard work and perseverance, makes a man-Tatar very purposeful. Such people are able to achieve their career success. The work is brought to the end, have the habit of achieving their own. Purebred Tatar seeks to receive new knowledge, showing enviable heaviness and responsibility. Crimean Tatars celebrates special indifference and calm in stressful situations. Tatars are very curious and talkative, but during the work stubbornly silent, apparently not to lose concentration.

One of the characteristic features is a self-esteem. It is manifested in that Tatar also considers himself special. As a result, some arrogance and even arrogance is observed. Cleanity allocates Tatars. In their housing, they do not tolerate mess and dirt. Moreover, it does not depend on financial capabilities - both rich and poor Tatar maritimely monitors cleanliness. My house is your Tatar House - the people are very hospitable. Ready to take a person, regardless of his status, faith or national affiliation. Even with modest delta, they show welcoming hospitality, ready to divide a modest lunch with the guest. Tatar women stand out with huge curiosity. They are attracted by beautiful clothes, they are watching other nationalities with interest, follow the fashion. Tatars are quite tied to their home, devote themselves to raising children. Tatar women is surprisingly the creation - Tatar woman! In her heart, the immense, deepest love for her loved ones, to children. Her destination is to carry peace to people, serve as a model of peace and morality. A woman-tatar is distinguished by a feeling of harmony and special musicality. It radiates some spirituality and nobility of the soul. The inner world of Tatarka is full of wealth!

Tatar girls S. young years Focused on strong, durable marriage. After all, they want to love her husband and raise future children behind the solid walls of reliability and confidence. No wisest read tatar saying: "Woman without a husband, that a horse without just!" The word husband for her is the law. Although witty tatars are complemented - on any law, however, there is a correction! And yet these are loyal women who sacred traditions and customs. However, do not hope to see the Tatar in the Black Parandge - this is a stylish lady, which is characteristic of self-esteem. The appearance of the Tatars is very well-groomed. Modnitsa in the wardrobe can be observed stylized things that emphasize its national affiliation. Here, for example, there are shoes that imitates chictek - national leather boots that wear Tatar girls. Another example is the applications where the patterns transmit the stunning beauty of the earthly flora. And what about the table? Woman Tatarka is an excellent hostess, loving, hospitable. By the way, a little about the kitchen. National cuisine Tatars are quite predictable in the fact that the basis of the main dishes is often the dough and fat. Even a lot of dough, a lot of fat! Of course, this is far from the most healthy nutrition, although guests are usually offered exotic dishes: Kasel (or dried horse), Gubady (is a puff pastry with a large variety of stuffs, from cottage cheese to meat), Talcisch-Kaleva (incredibly calorie dessert From flour, oils and honey). Squeeze all this rich treats can be anaran (a mixture of riding and water) or traditional tea.

Citize and:

By N, Tatars you have an old info. The sample is small, in fact N the Tatar is much more, it can be seen by tests.
About z93, someone alone alone. This SNiP has the Polish-Lithuanian "Tatars". This is a small people in several tens of thousands of people sent at one time from Zord to help Mongolian troops. You understand that this is not a Tatars, incorrect to refer to them.
Kazan Tatars do not z93, but the Baltic Snaps. You can check it on FTDNA. There is one single z93 \u200b\u200bfrom Mishar in Bashkiria, but it does not say anything. Here are your neighbors Bashkir, and completely z93.
There is not even J, E in the above table, although there are a lot of Tatars for the latest data.
But in the Scythian Sarmatian bones J, E, N not found.
Forget about the phenotypes, it is irrelevant.

1. If there is the Baltic Snaps, then most likely from the Balts of the Imyenkov Culture.

2. The anthropology is relevant. She primarily says that Tatars racially differ from the Finno-Thieves and Russians. The predominance of Pontidov already speaks for itself.

3. Tatars are just dominated by the European Snaps R1a:

Z93 + and L342.2 + If there is another info - throw off the link. See.

4. There is a DNA project on Tatforum. It comes out that R1A Tatars on haplotypes have nothing to do with Finno-Ugilities and Russians: www.tatforum.info/forum/index.php?showtopic\u003d6803&st\u003d520
___________________

There is official anthropology. In the end there is eyes. Although the Tatars are at the heart of their finno-eel, not the balts and not Russian, but Pontida (Nord-Iranuda).

What are you trying to prove to me?

As for the Mishare - Finno-Ugrome is generally ridiculous.))) They completely pronounced pontides + nomadic tradition is incomplete. At the same time, they differ sharply from the Russians and the surrounding Finnish peoples. Ancient Finnish boss if that was a Verkhneoksky type. The steppe Mishar is from Scythians:

* News of the Society of Archeology, History and Ethnography at the Imperial Kazan University. - Kazan, 1903
//. Traditions and historical data on Misharya. Gaynetdin Achmers.

Mishari themselves are called Tatars, and the name "Misha" is considered to be an offensive expression. To the question "Misha"? often match the sworn words with the addition of the consonant verb "Tishcar" (breaks, pollet), while other foreigners, for example, Bashkirs, Kyrgyz, speaking of their nationality "without Bashkort" (we are Bashkirs), "without Cossack" (we are Kyrgyz), " hit their hands in the chest - in pride. The Kazan Tatars, calling themselves the faith of Muslims or by the origin of the Bulgarians, do not respect the name "Tatar".
Mishari, although everyone is engaged in agriculture, but everywhere find a tendency to cattle breeding, a lot of livestock is bred, especially sheep. Tatars living in the neighborhood with Mishai do not have such a tendency to livestock.
In the provinces of the Simbirskaya and Samara Mishari traded with sheep, each ladies graze his gurt.
In the fall, Mishary's Baryshniki rent away from the neighboring landowners, wintering fields, where they graze their sheep until winter; They lack their fields for this. Mishari's poultry farming does not have a special tendency, they have little domestic birds. They do not even have their own names for some poultry, heap (rus. Komochem) - Rooster, Susan - spleen, and the Tatars rooster from ancient times it serves to determine the time and often talk about it in children's fairy tales. At Tatars, Chuvash and other foreigners, the Volga region poultrying is a cost-effectiveness, especially Kurovania, for example, from the provinces of Kazan and Vyatka there are many eggs to St. Petersburg, Riga and from there abroad.
Beekeeping and hunting are also not familiar crafts for hostilities, however, in Bashkiria Mishari and their Murza are partly engaged in Sokolino hunting and horse racing of wolves. They have special horses for this, which are considered hollow.
In the former time, Mishari Nizhny Novgorod and the Symbirian province drove manual bears, why Tatars often call them "ayuche" (member of the bear).
Trade, mainly different, Mishari began to engage only in recent times and then not everywhere, but only in some provinces, for example, Nizhny Novgorod, Symbirian, Penza and Saratov and Casimov and Chistopol. They live a lot in the capitals. In St. Petersburg, they are known under the name of the bachelors, as they are more traded with the old dress. In Moscow, they trade "node" (i.e., carry their goods in the node), lace and angle. In Nizhny Novgorod, serve in the initial mills and in different plants. In Kostroma, they are part of the cabings, part of different vessels, there are judicians. In Astrakhan more part Expellers (visiting from the provinces of Nizhny Novgorod and Penza).
Many konovalov from the hosts. In some villages of the Symbirian province, Mishari are engaged in this fishery. There are no Konovalov from the Tatars of Kazan. Mishar Konovalov can be seen throughout Russia, except the steppes of Kyrgyz. In the summer of 1898, three Mishar teachers came to the teacher courses in Kazan from Karsunsky County of the Symbirian province, of which one brought a piece of Japanese matter to sew a bathrobe in Kazan. This matter was purchased from Konovalov visiting Japan and China.
It turns out that the Mishar converss, going deep into Asia, fall into China and Japan, from where they bring various kinds of Asian matters and carpets, which are selling here as a rarity for expensive prices.
In the summer of 1899, Mishari Karsunsky County of the Symbirian province, visiting the Amur Region, asked himself from the Government to the Sakhalin Island, but it was not allowed.
In the provinces of the Simbirskaya, Samara and Kazan Misharai and are engaged in concoction, and the wonderful courage, resourcefulness and patience are found. This, as you suggest, the remains of the former onset delete. We see the same passion for concoction and Kyrgyz and Kalmykov. In the west of Civilian and in Buinsky counties there are Mishar villages whose residents are engaged in this shameful fisheries. Kohlokra owes are always well organized, if not from one village, then from several villages - two, three people; converge usually in the bazaars and fairs. Next door to Mishaphoras, or simply by misunderstanding, this vice is attributed to the Kazan Tatars, meanwhile, as among them, the concoction is a very rare phenomenon. In the Vyatka province, where herds go without a shepherd on fenced fields and forests, the concoction is also a rare phenomenon.
Mishari have a special tendency more than animal food than to plant. The most favorite meat is lamb and horseback sausage. Horses cut only old and stupid; The foal never cut. And the Tatars are contrary to the fat horses and they often refill barda, where there are distorted plants; Many cut little foals to free the uterus during field work.

National tatar holidayslike Sabantui (Plow festival), Zeeine - summer entertainment holidays in May and June for months, does not happen from the Misham. However, in some places, as a result of Tatar influence, Sabantuy and Mishari copier.
6 N-654

VII. About suit.

Misham costume, both in men and women, the same Tatar, but they wear clothes more than an old form.
From the information delivered by E. A. Malov Tatarin S. A. Regarding the form, the following is visible: "Mishary's clothing resembles old days, they have no new fashion." The Kazan Tatars have the same form is often changing like the people of trade and having permanent intercourse with various nations. E. A. Malov says that the clothes near the targets are simple, ancient cut, and not the exquisite clothing of the Mohammedan form. E. A. noticed that the shirts of the Mishamen, like Russians, are their products red or motley, i.e. red-blue cells.
In some places (provinces of Penza, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirskaya) on men's suit Misharians are noticed Russian-rustic influence, for example, sometimes Mishari wear russian fur coats, Russian caps, boots with wide shine or Russian lapties. "
At the Tatar, both on men and women's costume has recently been noticed Russian urban influence.
Mishar headband has a special form, absolutely similar to Kyrgyz. First wrap the head with a covering (Tastar), and we are tied up with a scarf, the blizzards of it from behind, as from Chalms. E. A. Malov and Cheremshansky also pointed to this feature of the head bandage of Misharok. I. N. Smirnov noted that, on the influence of targets, and mokshanki wear the same form of a headdress.
Misharki do not wear hats and hats; Tatars The same white felt hats are often worn during field work, and on holidays and visiting hats with beaver shakes, decorated at the top of the pose. However, the pose decoration of the caps and the Tatars already comes out of fashion. The hat is given in calm from the groom, and is recorded in the metric among other outfits.
Mishar has its own national camisole-rod top dresses with short sexes, and sleeves to elbows, with an open collar, a waist with folds. Camcole is fastened with only one clasp, more silver, the front edges only come into contact, and do not cover each other. We see exactly the same Camcol from Kyrgyz and the Nogai Tatars (in the provinces of Orenburg and Astrakhan). Camzole wear Tatars, but not like that, precisely without folds and sleeves, the gate is slightly open, the front edges cover each other. Camzole Tatars is usually warm (on fur), and in Kalim.
Mishary wear knitted stockings, and the Tatars and Chuvash wear cloth white stockings.
In the Kostroma hostility, there is nothing national left, except for the head bandage of women, who can only be distinguished from Russian women along this along.
The suit of the target in the provinces of the Orenburg and Ufa, judging by the descriptions of Cheremshansky, does not differ from the costume of Bashkir and the Tatar of that edge.

Conclusion about nationality and origin.

Among the Russian scientists there was an opinion that the current Mishari or Meshcheryaki, as they referred to in Russian literature, occur from the Finnish tribe of the Meshchera who lived on the Oka and her tributaries.
This assumption, based exclusively on the name "Mishar" and the disappearance of the vesets, needs scientific verification. Literature about Mishai is extremely poor; Nobody studied the language and life of this people, why there are frequent mistakes and inaccuracies in the existing few sources.
Of course, the naked name "Mishar", of course, not enough to determine the nationality of this tribe, since neighboring peoples often give each other erroneous names, for example, Kyrgyz called Bashkir Ostiaki (ISTAK), meadow cells called Tatar Chuvashi (SUAS), wheels They call them by the Bigrants (Biger), Chuvashi is called Kyrgyz with legs (honey), and Kyrgyz themselves call this name in general Tatars Volga region, Altai Kalmyki called Russian Cossacks (Cossack). The disappeared tribe of the vesa was one of the origin with Mordvoy, and in Russian chronicles constantly mentioned together with Mordvoy and Cheremis.
Mordva, like other Volga Finns, exterior leads to a settling life and from time immemorial engaged in barking and bore beekeeping ", hunting for animals and fishing.
The hosts are not only a tendency to these industries (except farming), but there are no words in the language relating to these fishers. And they are far in the worst state, they are much in the worst state than the magic and other foremen. At the Morder, like other Finns, is completely not noticed by a nomadic nature, which has been preserved at the Mishamen quite fresh.
6* 163

If the assumption of the origin of the current targets from the vesets is considered reliable, then on the influence of which people it could be so soon and finally docking this Finnish tribe? In the language of the Kazan Tatars, as the nearest Turkic neighbors of the Meshchera, we do not notice some phonetic features of the Mishar Nashia and the mass of his words and the Turkic archaisms found only in adverbs siberian Tatarsthat never came to the vesether to contact.
It is asked, due to the same favorable circumstances, they were not exposed to the same fate and remained as if isolated from Tatars other neighbors and miniments of the Meshchera (Mordva and Cheremis)? Meanwhile, Mordva (Moksha), and now has its own historical places (and in the field of the vesets, as the name of the River - Moksha shows, is a permanent neighbor of the Misham in the provinces of Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Tambov, Simbirskaya, and others. How to explain, finally The most type of Turkic has the current hosters and where could they be from them, so much Murz and Princes?
Mishari themselves consider themselves to be Tatars, Kyrgyz call them to their legs (Nogat), the Kazan Tatars claim that they are of Turkish origin; Other foreigners and Russian people call them indifferent to Tatars.
Language and originating from him the names of settlements prove that this nomadic people The Turkic race, released from Central Asia relatively lately. Their own legends and some historical data say it is fragments of the Golden Horde.
Personal names and surnames, from them taking place, also serve to some extent pointers of the Tatar of their origin.
By type Mishary belong to the Turkic race and have more similarities, for example, with the Crimean Tatars and even remote Yakuts.
Classes, morals and customs of them - nomadic nature and similar to Kyrgyz.
The costume of women of pure Asian origin and is completely similar to Kyrgyz and Nogai.
The combination of all these data eliminates the possibility of the Finnish origin of the current targets and serves as irrefutable evidence of the Turkic origin. I came to the deep conviction that these are representatives of a more numerous and once a strong tribe, it is the descendants of those nomads of Asia, which in the XIII century fastened to Europe across the Ural River and established themselves on Akhtuba under the name of the Golden Horde. On the disintegration of the last part of this tribe, the head of Tsarevich Kasim, in half the XV century, was established on the OK and began to be called on the main city of Meshchera, where they sat the leader of Ka-Sim. Another significant part, which had long and known under the general name of the Nogaites, on the conquest of the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, was gradually established in the current provinces of the Samara Saratov, the Symbirian, Penza and southern part of the Kazan, when the edge began to settle Russian. When the full domination of the Russians on the Volga was approved, various circumstances forced Magomethanentantia (Tatars and Mishary) to move in Bashkiria, where they live by Donyn. And also came out of the Horde in the Russian service many Tatar princes and Murz with their squads at different times. The whole element is currently called Misha.

VII. About the name Misha.

The Turkic tribes have the custom of calling itself and their neighbors by the names of the leaders (Uzbek, Nogai, Chagata, etc.), or by the names of populated areas. For example, the Turks call the Russians in general by the name "Moscow", the Volga Bulgars were also known to their main city. Mishari Nizhny Novgorod province call the Tatar with the name "Kazan", the Astrakhan Nogai call them "Kazan". Mishar Murza in the Ufa province are known in Bashkiria under the name "Toman" as the Tambov province released from the Temnikov. Mishari Ryazan province generally call themselves "Kacim", and the city of Kasimov is called "Kimman".
In the cities of Moscow and Astrakhan live many targets from Nizhny Novgorod province, which are generally known under the name "Nazhgorod", as they call themselves. The city of Kasimov, before the class of his Tatars, was called "Meshcher", as well as the "Meshchersky City". The name of the hedgeon of new settlers (Kasym) gradually displaced the ancient name, which turned into the people in him (and in the field of it) inhabited. Kazan Tatars imposed this name without a difference to all the tatars of the Volga region, talking in one common adverb.

_____________________

Tell me, what are you trying to prove to me and for what?

What is the Tatars Brothers Russian and Finno-Ugric?

The history of scientific study of the physical appearance of the Tatars has more than a hundred years and its beginning refers to the 70s-80s of the XIX century. When in 1869, the University of Kazan University has formed society of scientists. The initiator of these studies was the famous scientist and teacher P.F. Lesgaft, who determined the importance of studying the anthropological composition of the peoples of the Middle Volga region and the Surgery to clarify the issues of their origin. Real embodiment of ideas pf Lesgafeta was carried out in practice by the Kazan teacher, and then Tomsk University of N.M. Maliev and his student S.M. Chugunov. The anthropological study of the population was accompanied by collecting craniological (cranial) and paleoanthropological material, followed by its use as a historical source on the problems of ethnogenesis of local peoples. The works of these researchers laid the foundation and determined the main directions for future research in the field of ethnic anthropology of Tatars (Alekseev, 1963).

The first work on Somatology Tatars was published in 1879, it describes the physical appearance of the Casimov Tatars (Neverger, 1879). In 1886, I. Bla-Zovidov published materials on the anthropology of the Symbir Tatars, and in 1891 Y. Talko-Greenshevich presented data on the Tatars of Ufa Province (good species, 1886 (G.); Talco-Grinktsev, 1891). In 1904, the doctoral dissertation A.A. came out of the press Sukhareva on the study of Tatars of Kazan County (Sukharev, 1904). A more private problem - the Pigmentation of Tatars Laishevsky County is devoted to the article M. Nikolsky (Nikolsky, 1912). The results of the study of the anthropology of the Volga-Ural Tatars in the pre-revolutionary period were summed up in the review article M.M. Homyakov (Homyakov, 1915).

Studies on the anthropology of the Siberian Tatars are related to the activities of the Kazan Anthropologists of N.M. Malieva and S.M. Chugunov translated into Tomsk University. If N.M. Maliev was mainly an anthropological examination of the local indigenous population, then S.M. Chugovov paid more attention to the study and collection of paleoanthropological and craniological material. The results of these works were reflected in 15 issues of "Materials on Anthropology of Siberia", published from the press from 1893 to 1905 (Rosov, 1959). With the termination of their scientific and pedagogical activities of the study on the anthropology of the Siberian Tatars, there is practically going to no and are random (Debets, 1948).

In anthropological terms, Astrakhan Tatars turned out to be poorly studied. From the work of the pre-revolutionary period in the travel notes of P.I. The briefly shows the visual descriptions of the anthropological appearance of the Karagashi belonging to the Mongoloid type, and in the work of the medical-statistical nature of A. Dalinger, the growth and circumference of the chest at Tatars Astrakhan (Nerxin, 1852; Dalinger, 1887) were investigated.

The main conclusion of anthropological examinations of the end of the XIX - early XX century. There was a provision on the mixture of Tatars in a racial attitude.

The next stage in the study of the anthropology of the Tatars is mainly due to the multi-year scientific activities TA Trofimova. For the first time, she managed to hold co-matological studies of the main groups of the Tatar people on a single technique. So, in 1929-1936. As part of the Anthropological Expedition of the Anthropology Institute of the MSU, the physical appearance of the Volga-Urals Tatars (Trofimova, 1949) was studied.

In 1937, a group of Tobolsk and Barabinish Tatars groups (Trofimova, 1947) were studied as part of the Westnesibirsk Expedition. The results of these expeditions were reflected in a number of articles and summarized in the monograph "Ethnogenesis of the Volga Tatar in the Light of Anthropology Data", where for the first time the exhaustive characteristics of the physical appearance of the Tatars are not only given and the main anthropological types were allocated, but also an attempt was made on the basis of the paleoanthropological materials that had had Trace the stages of the Tatars of Tatars in close linking with an ethno-political history (Trofimova, 1949). Unfortunately, in the post-war years, the studies of the Somatology of the Tatar almost ceased, not counting the passing studies of some groups of the Mishamen and the Siberian Tatars (Alekseeva, 1963; Magic, 1970; Rosov, 1961). In connection with the expansion of archaeological work during these years, anthropological studies have shifted to the scope of study of paleoanthropological material, which made it possible to outreach the stages of the addition of the physical appearance of the Tatar people and identify its ethnic-neutic origins (Trofimova, 1956; Akimov, 1964, 1968, 1973 ; Alekseev, 1969, 1971; Postnikov, 1987; Yablonsky, 1987; Efimova, 1991; Bagashev, 1993; and others).

In recent decades, along with traditional methods of anthropological studies (Somatology, Craniology and Paleooanthropology) began to be part of the study on dermatoglyphic, odontology, serology, genetics, etc. These methods, to one degree or another, were tested in the study of all groups of Tatars for The exception of Astrakhan (markets, 1965; Hit, 1983, 1990; Efimova, Tomilov, 1990; Rafikova et al., 1990; Schneider, etc., 1995).

Summarizing the results of more than a century study of the anthropological appearance of the Tatars, we note their racial heterogeneity both within the main ethnic groups and between them, which probably reflects the specifics of their sampling and ethnogenetic ties. Thus, in the composition of the Volga-Ural Tatars, four main anthropological types are distinguished.

* Pontic type - characterized by mesochefalia, dark or mixed pigmentation of hair and eye, we are highly transmitted, a convex back of the nose, with lowered tip and base, a significant increase in beard. Growth of medium with a tendency to increase.

* The bright European one-type type is characterized by sub-potachephalia, light pigmentation of hair and eye, medium or high, we move with a straight back of the nose, a medium-breeding beard, average growth. A number of morphological features are the structure of the nose, the size of the person, pigmentation and a number of others - brings this type with Pontic.

* Sublaponoid type (Volgo-Kamsky) - characterized by meso subbrachiecephalius, mixed hair and eye pigmentation, wide and low, weaken, weak beard and low, medium-wide face with a tendency to comprehension. Quite often occurs the fold of the century with the weak development of the epicantus.

* Mongoloid type (South-Siberian) is characterized by brachiekafali, dark shades of hair and eyes, wide and flattened face and low, often occurring epicatus and weak development of beard. Growth, in a European way scale, medium.

Each of these types in none of the groups is not expressed in pure formBut the reality of them in the composition of the Tatars is confirmed by the accumulation of signs of appropriate types in individual territorial groups. Only a European -ide type with relatively light pigmentation does not have a distinct geographical location in the composition of the Tatars and can be assumed only in the form of impurities. According to TA Troprophime among all investigated Tatars prevails the dark Europeanoid (PON-TIX) type (33.5%), then the bright Europeanoid (27.5%), sublaponoid 24.5%) and, finally, the Mongoloid (14.5%) (Trofimova, 1949. P. 231).

When comparing data on the somatology of the Volga Tatars with such neighboring peoples, the general typological similarity is detected, differing in the degree of severity of individual types. Thus, the bright European type of Tatars is associated with Mordiva-Erzei, partly by Mariers, Udmurts, Chuvas and Russians. Sublaponoid type combines the Tatars with Udmurts, Marie and some groups of Russians. The Dark Europeoid Type of Pontic Purification is traced in some groups of Mordvoy Moksha and partly in the southern crusts. The mongoloid component of the South Bird-type, the most vividly pronounced among the Tatars of the Arsk region of Tatarstan, is observed only among the Turkic peoples of the region - Chuvash and Bashkir. Materials on dermatoglyphic, odontology, serology and genetics of the peoples of the Middle Volga region and the Urals also reveal general features in the merge of the population of the region.

Thus, the formation of the anthropological appearance of the Volga-Prose-Ural Tatars and neighboring peoples was in close ethnogenetic interaction, which had different focus and intensity depending on the particular historical situation in the region.

The average Volga region and the Ural region, occupying a geographically advantageous position between Europe and Asia, between the forest and the steppe and possessing rich bioresours, ancient times was the zone of contacts between nations distinguishable only by origin, language and culture, but also by anthropological appearance. So, judging by the materials of Paleoanthropology, the first contacts at the genetic level between the forest population (representatives of the Western versions of the Urals race) and the residents of the steppe zone, generally characterized by a European duty, are recorded already in the era of Neolithic and Eneolyta (Yablonsky, 1992). In the era of bronze and early iron, the region under study becomes the isna of migration flows, which are in both latitudinal and in the meridional direction. As a result of these migrations and widespread ties between the local and proven population, the formation of that anthropological type was made, which stands out among the Volga Tatars as a sublaponoid. This type in its various options is the main for the local financial-speaking population (Akimov, 1973; Efimova, 1991).

With the beginning of the Turkic era and the arrival of the Bulgarian on the average Volga, active ethnocultural and ethnogenetic relations between the Turkic-pagan tribes and the Finno-Ugric population in the framework of the newly formed State Association are observed - Volzh Bulgaria. These assimilation processes, launched more than 300 years, the day before mongolian conquest led to the formation of a new ethnic generality - Volga Bulgar.

Analyzing the craniological series of the Volga Bulgarians of the Domongolian period, you can distinguish those morphological complexes, which are subsequently traced in the anthropological look at the modern Volga Tatars. It should be said that the identification of direct analogies between the anthropological type of living population and the type determined by bone residues is not always correct (due to the incomparableness of the signs) and requires certain assumptions and special reservations. Thus, the mesocal dark Europeanoid (Pontic) type prevailing the Tatars, and especially in Tatar-Mishare, may be associated with a long-headed European-like type, which was characteristic of the population of the Khazar Kaganant living in the territory of the distribution of the so-called Saltovo-Maytsky culture. With a decay of Khazar kaganate, some of this sedentary Turkic-speaking population, mainly Alano-Sarmatian origin, moves to the average Volga, where it becomes one of the main components in the composition of the Volga Bulgarians and determines the craft-agricultural nature of the economy of the Volga Bulgaria. Actually, Bulgarians associated with their origin with turky-speaking tribes Central Asia, Altai and South Siberia, who played a decisive military-political role in the formation of a number of state associations, including the Volga Bulgaria, had several other anthropological appearance. It was characterized as a whole mixed European-like types with the inclusion of the Mongoloid elements of the South-Bird Morphocomplex, this type is traced in later materials on the anthropology of the Volga Bulgar, being one of the main in its anthropological structure. It is possible that the minor mongoloid component is distinguished among the Volga Tatars comes from early Bulgarians and later groups of the steppe population, mainly Kypchak origin, which included the Domongol Bulgarians.

Sublaponoid and bright europeid components in the Volga Bulgar and Tatars are most likely associated with the local Finno-Ugric population. If a sublaponoid (subworal) type is characteristic primarily for the population of the Prikamsk-Uralsky origins, then the bright Europeanoid was distributed, most likely, in the Western and North-Western groups of the Old Finnish population, actively in contact with the ancient Balt and Slavic tribes. It is possible that the European-like population with light pigmentation penetrated the territory of the Volga Bulgaria from the northern regions Ancient Russia And from the Old Russian principalities in the military team, merchants and artisans who have dissolved subsequently in the local Turkic-speaking environment.

The conquest of the Mongols of the Volga Bulgaria and the entry into the Golden Horde did not make fundamental changes to the physical look of the Volga Bulgarians and neighboring peoples. At the same time, the influence of the Gold Horde on the course of ethnogenetic processes on average Volga region and Urally was expressed in the targeted policy of the Khan administration for regulating migration flows, which could not not affect the ratio of different anthropological components. In particular, a somewhat increase in the Mongoloid impurity of the Southernibirsk appearance in the Goldenordinsky period and the Turkic-speaking population of the Middle Volga region and the Viurala.

The few anthropological materials on the Epoch of Kazan Khanate and the following periods also testify to the European-water basis of Kazan Tatars and their genetic proximity to the previous, Bulgarian population (Efimova, 1991. S. 72; Alekseeva, 1971. P. 254).

Thus, the anthropological structure of the Tatars of the Middle Volga region and the Urals was in the main features in the main grounds, within the framework of the Volga Bulgaria. The main factor of the reoccupation was the mogestization between the progress, the Turkic-speaking and local, finno-threat population. Political, economic, cultural and especially language changes that occurred on the Middle Volga in the Golden Time and in subsequent historical epochs did not contribute significant changes In the racial appearance of local peoples. At the same time, the ratio of anthropological types allocated among the Volga-Ski-National Tatars, was not always the same and changed from a particular historical situation in the region over the past millennium.

Among the Tatars of Western Siberia, several racial types are allocated. Thus, the Ural type (Mongoloid, with European-like features) is the main for all groups of the Siberian Tatars, which occupy the northern arole of their residence, and as a component can be traced from more southern Tatars. The mongoloid type of South-Bird appearance is characteristic primarily for the Tatar of the Barabinsk steppe and as an impurity is celebrated by almost all Siberian Tatars, having a tendency to increase in southern, steppe groups and to a decrease in north, forestry. The mongoloid component of the Central Asian type is recorded only at the Barabinsk Tatars, and a peculiar, so-called Chulym type is marked only in some groups of Tobolsk and Tomsk Tatars. And finally, the European one-type type (according to T.A. Trofimova, Pontic appearance) more manifests itself from urban residents and at least rural.

According to the main racial diagnostic signs, the Siberian Tatars occupy an intermediate position between the population of the forest zone of Western Siberia (carriers of the Ural anthropological type) and the Turkic-speaking population of Southern Siberia and Altai-Sayan (representatives of the South Eibirsk Morphothipa). Various ratio of anthropological types in racial composition separate groups The Siberian Tatars may indicate both their own genetic origins and the nature of genetic ties with the surrounding peoples.

Judging by the language data and materials of archeology, ethnography and written sources, the closest historical ancestors of the Siberian Tatars were Cypchak Turkic-speaking tribes, some of which at the end of I thousand AD. Overting modern places The habitats of the main groups of the Siberian Tatars, entering into various relations with the local aboriginal population. The penetration of Turkic-speaking elements into the local environment continued at a later time (Valeev F.T., 1993; Konikov, 1982). However, paleoanthropological and craniological materials from the territory of the settlement of the Siberian Tatars draw a slightly different picture of the formation of their anthropological type (Bagashev, 1993).

Dedicated among the Siberian Tatars as the main Ural anthropological type and the so-called Chuliamsky can be associated with the local Ugric and self-aned aboriginal population. The South-Bird Mongoloid Component, apparently, was brought by the steppe tribes of the Kipchak circle and the late groups of the Turkic-speaking population from Southern Siberia and from Altai. The Mongoloid features of Central Asian origin traced from the Barabinsky Tatars are probably due to the close contacts of this group of Tatars with Kalmyks during the XVII century. (Trofimova, 1947. P. 209). The strengthening of the European-like features of the Siberian Tatars - the summary of the mixing with the Volga-Narral Tatars and the immigrants from Central Asia, the so-called Bukharians.

Thus, the formation of anthropological appearance of the Siberian Tatars was based on the local substrate, which throughout the second thousand AD. Loyed the proper component of various ethnogenetic origin. The participation of this component in the sibirsa of the Siberian Tatars was not always the same and not everywhere, but in general there was a tendency to reduce it from the south to the north. The Turkization of the local region, held within the framework of the Kimak Kaganant, the Golden Horde and the Siberian Khanate, was not necessarily accompanied by the massive relocation of the Turkic tribes and was limited, probably the political, economic and cultural and ideological impact on the local population.

Among those who are part of the Astrakhan Tatars TA. Three anthropological types are allocated - the Mongoloid Southibirsky, the Mongoloid Central Involutionary and the Europeaniid. If the South-Bird Type is traced in the Volga-Ural Tatar in the form of impurities, and in Siberian in the form of an independent component, then the Karagasha is the main one. The remaining types in pure form are almost absent and are noted only as an impurity (Trofimova, 1949).

Judging by linguistic data and historical sources, Karagashi before resettlement in the Nizhnevolzh steppes in late XVIII in. Particularly related to the Conglomerate of the Nogai tribes, the origin of which is closely connected with the Khpchak population of the era of the development of South Russian Steppes, the Golden Horde, and then the Nogai Horde (Ars-Lanov, Victorin, 1995). Do not contradict this anthropological and paleoanthropological materials. Thus, among all the groups of Nogai, the same anthropological types were allocated as Karagasha (Trofimov, 1949). A small difference is explained by the concentration of European signs. Compared to the Nogai Karagashi, more consistently, which is probably due to their late contacts with the surrounding European people, Tatars-immigrants from the Volga region and the Viurala and Natives from Central Asia. It is possible that the European-like admixture of the Nogaites and Karagasha genetically dates back to the local European-wide population, which was included in the composition of the Turkic-speaking tribes when moving from east to the west. The Mongoloid features of Central Asian origin, traced from Karagasha and, to more Nogaites, may be the result of the southerne-bicycle type sampling (mixing of European and mongoloid types, during the prevailing of the latter), the influence of the Mongoloid population in the framework of the Golden Horde and Late Connections with Kalmyks (Trofimova, 1949). Thus, the basis of the formation of the anthropological appearance of one of the groups of Astrakhan Tatars is the Southernibirsk Mongoloid type characteristic of the Turkic-speaking population of the steppes of Eurasia.

Summarizing the foregoing, we note that the territorial deriversion of individual anthropological types in the composition of the Volga-Pristonian and Siberian Tatars reflects the nature of the ethnogenetic relations between the progress of Turkic-pagan and local, at the heart of Finno-Ugric, the population. The most active genetic interaction between these components occurs within the framework of early referring statements - the Volga Bulgaria and Kimakian kaganate. The addition of the anthropological type of Astrakhan Tatars is directly related to the formation of the South-Bird Mongoloid type, which proceeded in the epoch of the first Turkic kaganates east of the modern habitat. Subsequent move historical events did not make significant changes to the anthropological structure of the population. Thus, the addition of the physical appearance of the Tatar people ended basically long before their current ethnic design.

What unites in a racial attitude of Tatars of Russia? First, Yuzhnosibirsky and European -ide anthropological types, allocated in all ethnographic groups of Tatars. If the first type is largely related to early history Turbs, then the second - with late stages of the ethnogenesis of the Tatar people. Secondly, the interregional and inter-ethnic marriages of Tatars lead to the leveling of their physical identity among the surrounding peoples, primarily Russian, which is real history Our and future days.