Rembrandt Return. Rembrandt Van Rhine

Plot

According to the parable, one day the Son, the youngest in the family, wanted to start independent life And demanded its share of inheritance. In fact, it symbolized that he wishes the father of death, because the division of property occurs only after the death of the elder in the family. The young man received that he asked, and left father's house. Life is not for funds, deterioration economic Regulations In the country where he was, led to the fact that soon the young man wondered everything that had. He was before the choice - death or repentance: "How many mercenaries at the father of my father are emitted with bread, and I die from hunger; I will rise, I will go to my father and I will tell him: Father! I sinned against the sky and before you and already notifies you to be called your son; I accept me to your mercenaries. "

Father, when meeting with her son, ordered to stab the best calf and arrange a holiday. At the same time, he utters a sacramental phrase for all Christianity: "My son was dead and came to life, disappeared and found." This is an allegory of returning lost sinners in the Lono of the Church.

"The Blind Son in the tavern" (1635). Another name is "Self-portrait with sasquia on his knees."
On the canvas Rembrandt depicted himself as prodigal Son.sheltering father

Senior son, returning to field work And having learned why the holiday, he was angry: "I am so many years serve you and never crime your orders, but you never gave me a kid to make me fun with my friends; And when this son is yours, the estate of his own with the harlot, came, you broof for him the fattening calf. " And although the father called him to mercy, we will not know from parables, what decision takes the eldest son.

Rembrandt allowed himself to move away from classic text. First, he depicted his father blind. In the text, it is not stipulated directly, whether a man was in vain or not, but by the fact that he was a sketch of his son from afar, it was possible to conclude that he still did not have problems with vision.

Secondly, Rembrandt at the meeting there is a senior son - a tall man on the right. IN classic text He comes when there is already a preparation for the celebration on the occasion of return younger brother.

"Return of the Prodigal Son" (1666-1669)

Thirdly, the meeting itself is described differently. A delired father will run away to meet her son and falls in front of him on his knees. Rembrandt also see a young man, humbly standing on Earth, and his father, who laid his hands on his shoulders quietly. Moreover, one palm looks like a soft, caressing, maternal, and the second is like a strong, retaining, paternal.

The eldest son is resting removed. His brushes are firmly compressed - visible internal strugglewhich happens in it. An angry on his father, the eldest son should make a choice - to accept the younger brother or not.

In addition to the main characters, Rembrandt depicted on a canvas and other people. Who are they impossible to say for sure. It is possible that these are servants, with the help of which the artist wanted to transfer the pre-holiday bustle and a bright mood.

Context

"Return of the Prodigal Son" - perhaps last picture Rembrandt. Work on it was preceded by a series of losses stretched for 25 years: from the death of the first, hot-beloved wife Saskovia and all children born to almost complete ruin and lack of customers.

Rich clothes, in which heroes are depicted, were part of the artist's collection. In the XVII century, Holland was the strongest economy of the world. The ships of her merchants seemed to be everywhere - even with Japan traded (more than Japan did not trade at that time). Dick goods flocked in the Dutch ports. The artist regularly walked there and missed unusual fabrics, decorations, weapons. All this was then used in work. Even for self-portraits, Rembrandt dressed in the overseas and experienced new images.

Fate artist

Rembrandt was born in Leiden in the family of a wealthy Dutchman - the owner of the mill. When the boy declared his father, he intends to become an artist, he supported him - then in Holland was prestigious and profitably by artist. People were ready to prevent, but did not bother to the paintings.

I studied for three years (which was enough to start my own business, as it was considered) at your uncle - professional artist- Rembrandt opened the workshop in Leiden with each other. Orders though were, but rather monotonous and did not get carried away. Work boiled after moving to Amsterdam. There, he soon met with Saskiy Van Eilenburh, the daughter of Burgomistra Leuwarden, and not thinking that he was married.

. Picture that Rasked the artist with all customers depicted on the canvas

Saskovia was his muse, inspiration, light. He wrote her portrait in various robes and images. At the same time, she was from a wealthy family, which allowed them also to live on a wide leg. The latter circumstance was annoyed by the relatives of Saskovia - classical Flemis, who did not endure misalitable life by means. They even filed to Rembrandt to the court, accusing in waste, but the artist presented, as they would say today, a certificate of income and proved that the fees with his wife are enough for all whims.

After the death of Saskiy Rembrandt, I fell into depression for some time, I even stopped working. The owner of a already unpleasant character, he became finally mercilened to others - was yellow, stubborn, silent and even rude. In many ways, therefore, the contemporaries tried to write anything about Rembrandte - the bad indecent, and the good, apparently, was not.

Hendrikier Stalffels (1655)

Gradually Rembrandt quickly disaster against himself almost all: both customers, lenders and other artists. Around him there was a kind of conspiracy - it was practically purposefully brought to bankruptcy, forced to solder all his collection for a scentual. Even the house left the hammer. If it were not for students who had developed and helped the master to buy accommodation easier in the Jewish district, Rembrandt risked staying on the street.

Today we do not even know where the remains of the artist are. He was buried in a cemetery for beggars. IN funeral procession Only his daughter Cornelia from Hendercine Stoffel, the third wife (not official, and, can be expressed, civil). After the death of Rembrandt, Cornelia married and left in Indonesia. There traces of her family are lost. As for the information about Rembrandte, recent decades She is going literally on the grains - during the life of the artist, a lot was lost, not to mention that no one was focused on his lives.

Before the great post in the church, they remember the parable of Christ about the prodigal son.

One person had two sons. The younger of them told Father: "Father! Give me a part of the estate followed. " Father fulfilled his request. After a few days, the youngest son, having gathered everything, went to the long country and there, living the absence of all his property.

Click on the image to view the gallery

Gerrit Wan Honthorst. Prodigal son. 1622.

When he left everything, he was a great hunger in that country, and he began to need.

Exile of a prodigal son. Bartolomeo Murillo. 1660.

And he went, and stuck (i.e. he joined) to one of the inhabitants of that country; And he sent him to the field his mouth of pigs.

With hunger, he would be happy to feed on the horns who were ate pigs; But no one gave him.

Then come to my senses, he remembered his father, reversed himself in his act and thought: "How many mercenaries (workers) at the father of my father eat bread with an excess, and I dying from hunger! I will rise, I will go to my father, and I will tell him: "Father! I sinned against the sky and before you, and already not enough to be called your son; I accept me to your mercenaries. "

So he did. I got up and went home to my father. And when he was still far, his father saw him and squeezed over him. The father himself ran toward her son, fell on her neck, kissed him. The son began to say: "Father! I siggled against the sky and before you, and already unworthyed with your son "...

Return of the prodigal son. Bartolomeo Murillo 1667-1670

Prodigal son. James Tisso

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Return of the prodigal son

But he answered his father: "Here, I serve you so many years and never crime (did not violate the orders of yours; But you never gave me a goat to me to have fun with my friends. And when this son came to your, it was not enough to spread his estate, you broof for him a fattening calf. "

Father said to him: "My son! You are always with me, and everything is yours. And about that it was necessary to rejoice and have fun, that your brother was dead and came to life; disappeared and found. "

In the parable of this father, there is a god, and under the prodigal son - a repentant sinner. On the prodigal son, every person is similar, who his soul is removed from God and indulges his own, sinful life; He ruins his soul and all the gifts (life, health, strength, ability), which received from God. When the sinner, formed, brings God sincere repentance, with humility and with the hope of His mercy, then the Lord, as the father of merciful, rejoices with the angels with his sinner's appeal, forgives him all his lawlessness (sins), no matter how great they were, And returns him his grace and gifts.

The story of the senior son Savior teaches that every believer Christian must sincerely wish for all salvation, rejoice in the appeal of sinners, do not envy God's love to them and not consider yourself worthy God's mercy More than those who appeal to God from the former of their fairness of life.

Text: Archpriest Seraphim Slobodskaya

Images: Open sources

Pattern of Rembrandt Harmens Wang Raina "The Return of the Prodigal Son" was written in 1668, its fundamental plot is the parable of the Bible about the prodigal son, who left the family in long searches best Life. On the painting itself, the final part of the story is told when the Son returned home, but already quite another person. The artist for no accident chose this moment, it consists of the main content of parables and the end of the story. As Rembrandt seems to me, I wanted to immediately go to the main idea, but only one picture expressed all my thoughts.

Indeed, only looking at the work, we see the touching and long-awaited meeting, the Son with your Father. It is impossible not to notice the rush of repentance, the prodigal son, as he bowed to his parent and pressed so much to him. The artist skillfully expressed his son's deplorable state, this is especially noticeable against the background of color contrast. Each character's character is dressed in fairly decent clothes, bright color, unlike the main character, who is dressed in a simple peasant shirt, gray. But as we know from parable, the son left the house rather secured.

In addition, it is worth paying attention to the Father, whose image gives the picture softness and kindness. This time we can clearly consider the face of the hero, it is filled with calm and some pity, the color scheme is characterized by soft and warm shades. It is worth noting the figure of the father she is wide and complete, in general, it looks like a good fat man. The main scene is filled with white light running on the left side, it can be assumed there to be a door through which the prurred offspring entered. The rest of the surrounding space, performed in negative colors, a certain combination, black and red color is noticeable, which brings very negative sensations. It seems to me that the author used this scheme to create contrast between the main event and the surrounding space.

Summing up our analysis, I want to say that I personally liked the picture not particularly. Most likely, this is due to the fact that the work is made in fairly dark shades. But the skill of the Great Artist here is noticeable here, not in vain, it is a work of art, written in 1668, still amazing with its magnificence.

Description of Rembrandt's Pattern Return of the Prodigal Son

Many european artists wrote a picture on religious themes. In Russia, it was more customized to write icons and religious paintings Not much, as they are still more to art, and not to religion, and in Russia they always adhered to strict spirituality.

Rembrandt - dutch artisthe writes a lot beautiful workSome are known to me and almost everywhere are surprisingly transferred to the emotions of people and the shadows are also surprisingly displayed. In fact, not many artists may write light and shadow so, but Rembrandt managed. On this web, these facts are also noticeable, there are also excellent shadows and many emotions.

Of course, the parable of the prodigal son is completely symbolic. Jesus talked simple history About how the son left home, but then he returned and his father took it, no matter what disadvantages. In this parable, the Father is the Lord Almighty, and the Son - collective image A person (or even a sinner) which repents and returns to true faith.

On the painting dutch painter It seems the completion of this story. A repentant son stands on his knees, and his father presses him, hugs and bowed his head slightly. These postures and expression of individuals speak of deep and pretty light emotions: forgiveness, mercy, sincerity.

In the background we see some kind of homemade chelye and, perhaps, other relatives of the main character. These people rush their views to the main hero - a repentable young man and these glances are full of compassion and kindness. By the way, thanks to these views, Rembrandt reaches an interesting volume and composite effect, the rays of attention of the heroes of the picture seems to be on the main hero and the viewer also leads its own opinion.

Although in general, this picture speaks about kindness and forgiveness, the composition and color decision seems to me some kind of dark and a little harsh. Moreover, a deep symbolism from the parable of Christ here is translated into some banal philistine.

Description of the mood of the picture Rembrandt - the return of the prodigal son

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In the 17th century in Europe, the popularity gains a biblical parable about the prodigal son. The interest of many creators of world culture is increasing towards it. It was at that time that the picture of the Dutch artist H. Rembrandt "The Return of the Prodigal Son" becomes a response to the entire famous plot.

The picture is complex and interesting. But at the expense of what the author of the work was able to achieve such attention to it from the public? To begin with, you need to carefully look at the characters. The picture shows a clearly rich noble family, it can be seen along the clothes and decorations that are put on the mother looking out of the column, on the eldest son standing on the right side, and on the father, which welcomes his returned son. Also in the room in the background you can observe interested servants. However, not the decorations became the subject of universal admissions. Everything is silently, with the urbar and at the same time, with condescension look at junior SonWho has ever left native homewhere he lived a carefree life. And all due to the fact that he did not wish to put up with his father's orders.

Looking at the prodigal son, it can be understood that he suffered many of the existence, before returning home. Surely, he saw all the dirt of this world, all the vices. And only he knows how his soul changed. The young man is shined naked. As you know, the balders at that time were the convicts. The torn clothing says that he himself earned money for her, performing slave labor. Its shoes worn so that holes are visible. One leg of Bosa, most likely, the boots flew when the son's son fell on his knees in front of her father, asking for forgiveness. All his appearance testifies to that leaving his father's house in search of a better life, he was clear, understood hard work ordinary people, experienced hunger, pain, suffering. The prodigal son realized his mistake and made what many could not die. He recognized his guilt and asked for forgiveness.

And yet the main character of the picture is a father, since it is that it is a grievous burden. The whole figure of the father reflects love, compassion and forgiveness.

Painting Rembrandt is full of hope, spiritual purity and regrets. Reflecting all this on the canvas, the author gives the viewer to understand that the forgiveness finds one who sincerely believes in the repentance of who loves.

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While working on the picture " The night Watch"Rembrant's beloved wife died - Saskovia. The relatives of the deceased began to pursue the artist with litabes because of the inheritance, seeking to snatch a part of the dowry, bequeathed Rembrandt Sasquia.

Return of the Prodigal Son, 1669. Canvas, oil, 262x206.
State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

But not only relatives pursued Rembrandt. He was always precipitated by creditors who were thrown on the great artist as a greedy sample. And in general, Rembrandt has never been surrounded by the honors, never in the center of general attention, did not sit in the forefront, no poet during the life of Rembrandt saming him. At official celebrations, in the days of the big festivals they forgot about him. And he did not love and avoided those who were neglected. The usual and favorite company of them was the shopkeepers, gentlemen, peasants, artisans are the easiest person. He loved to visit the port zucchini, where the sailors, old women, wandering actors, small thieves and their girlfriends have fun. He sat down with pleasure clock there, watching the bustle and sometimes sketching interesting personswhich then transferred to their web.

Now in Amsterdam's house, in which the Great Rembrandt lived for more than 20 years, the museum is located. And once this house was sold for debts. Rembrandt himself sat then at a trial meeting with such an indifferent look, as if it didn't touch him at all. He did not hear the speeches of the judge and crumbs of creditors. His thoughts were Vitaly so far from the meeting that he could not answer anything to this or that the judge's question, or his answers had no connection with the court.

It is a turn to speak Van der Pete - the artist's lawyer. Slowly and expressively outlined the situation of the case. Intelligently, cautiously and diligently protecting the behavior of Rembrandt, he called human feelings lenders and to the sense of justice the judge. He threw convincing, caustic and passionate words: "Let them burn from shame those who in the name of insignificant monetary sumswho do not threaten them with the slightest loss or misfortune, they want to make Rembrandt aphrous / I, Van der Pete, I say not only as a lawyer of the debtor, I speak on behalf of all mankind that wants to take off the undeserved blows of fate from one of the great sons of him. .. Equal Shakespeare / Think all that are here: We will cover the grave hills, we will disappear from the memory of descendants, and the name of Rembrandt still a century will rattle over the world, and his shining works will be proud of the whole land! "...

Yes, Rembrandt's paintings are undoubtedly vertex dutch painting, and in the work of the artist himself, one of these vertices was the picture "Return of the Prodigal Son". He wrote her in last year Life, when he was already old, poor, deadly sick and weak, lived in hunger and cold. Nevertheless, he wrote in Rock, wrote and wrote in the country and the city, which forever glorified.

The theme for writing the picture was the famous gospel parable, telling how after long wandering in the unless world of the prodigal son returned to slept hope To his father left. This story attracted many artists long before Rembrandt. The Master of Renaissance was seen in the reconciliation of the Father with a naughty son a beautiful and entertaining sight. So, in the picture of the Venetian artist Bonifacio, the action takes place in front of a crowded estate, in front of a crowded discharged crowd. Dutch artists attracted more tests, which a distemper son was subjected to a foreign land (for example, a scene, when the inequate cattle yard Among the pigs was ready to redeem his prejudice prayer).

Rembrandt The theme of the "Prodigal Son" accompanied for many years of life. He addressed this plot back in 1636, when he worked on the such as the same name. In their paintings on biblical and evangelical scenes The artist rarely depicted scenes of passions or miracles, he was more attracted by the stories about the everyday life of people, especially the scenes from the patriarchal family life. For the first time the history of the prodigal son was represented by Rembrandt in the engraving on which he suffered biblical plot In the Dutch atmosphere and depicted his son as a bony, half-cool creature. By this time, the drawing, on which the father vigorously squeezes the shaggy's head with his hand: Even per minute of reconciliation, he wishes his father's power.

Rembrandt returned many times to this topic, and over the years he represented it every time in different ways. In early versions, the son violently expresses his repentance and humility. In a series more late drawings The spiritual gusts of the Father and the Son are not so naked, the element of the edification disappears. Subsequently, Rembrandt began to occupy an almost unspeaked meeting of the old man and son, in which the strength human love And all apartments are still ready to reveal. Sometimes it was a lonely old man sitting in a spacious room, in front of him knelt his unborn son. Sometimes it is an old man entering the street where an unexpected meeting is waiting; Or the son is suitable for him and firmly squeezes it in hugs.

After 30 years, the artist creates a composition of less detailed, narrative, in which the emphasis was transferred to the old man. The plot of the paintings "The Return of the Prodigal Son" is not directly related to the previous sketches, but it was in her who put Rembrandt all his creative experience And almost the most important thing from life experience.

Rembrandt thoughtfully thoughtfully in a biblical story, but he was not a simple illustrator who seeks to reproduce the text. He got into the parable, as if he had witnessed the resulting, and it gave him the right to accept the underwent.

A few people gathered in front of the house in front of the house. Troubled, beggar, in the rope rapid rags, with a shaved head of the convict stands the prodigal son on his knees and hides the face on the old man's chest. Inspired by shame and repentance, he, maybe for the first time in many years felt the warmth of human hugs. And his father, leaning towards the "tramp", with a careful tenderness presses him to himself. His senile, non-hard hands gently lie on the back of the son. This minute in its own way psychological state Even an eternity, both of them pass the years spent by each other and brought so many spiritual torments. It seems that suffering has already been so broke through them that the joy of the meeting did not bring relief.

The meeting of the Father and Son takes place at the junction of two spaces: the porch guessed and behind him the cozy father's house. Before the painting is meant and invisibly present is the limitless space of the sucked son of roads, alien and the world who turned out to be hostile to him.

The figures of the Father and Son make a closed group, under the influence of their feelings that swept their feelings, as it were, they would merge together. Towing over the crankshakened son, the father of soft hands touches him. His face, hands, Pose - Everything talks about the rest and happiness found after for long years painful waiting. Father's forehead as if radiates light, and this is the lightest place in the picture.

Nothing disrupts the concentrated silence. With tense attention, they are watching the meeting of the Father and the Son present. Among them, the man stands on the right in the Red Cloor, whose figure is like the main acting persons With people around them.

Carefully monitors what is happening and the man standing behind. His look wide open eye It suggests that he is imbued with all the importance and seriousness of the moment. With sincere sympathy looks at the father and the son standing away. It is difficult to say who these people are. Maybe Rembrandt and did not seek individual characteristic present, as they serve only an addition to the main group.

Rembrandt long and persistently looking for a figure of a prodigal son, already in the prototypes of numerous drawings and sketches a prodigal son is guessed. In the picture, he is hardly the only one in classical painting The hero who completely turned away from the audience. The young man wandered a lot, tested a lot and survived: his head is covered with scabs, stopotan shoes. One of them fell off his legs, and the viewer sees the heel scorst. He barely reached the threshold of his father's house and in exhaustion sank to his knees. The coarse shoe spawned from his feet is eloquently talking about how long the path was passed, what humiliation he was subjected. The viewer does not have the opportunity to consider his face, but after the prodigal son, he, too, seems to be in the picture and falls on his knees.

Mysterious light pours out of the depths of the gloom canvas. He gently envelops the figure of a blind father, stepped from darkness to meet her son. Surrounding as it were, in anticipation of words about forgiveness, but no words ... The old man, indeed, the impression of the blind, although in parable nothing is said about his blindness. But she, apparently, seemed to Rembrandt something more capable to convex to portray the excitement of the touched heart.

The feeling of infinite joy and love captured the father entirely, in essence, he doesn't even hug his son, as he is no longer there is no strength and his hands are not able to press her son. He simply feels him, thereby goodbye and protecting.

Art historian M. Alpatov considers the chief character of the father's picture, and the prodigal son is only a reason for his father to show his generosity. He even believes that the picture could be called "Father, forgiving the Prodigal Son."

He who appreciates mainly external beautyPerhaps will find in this picture of Rembrandt a lot of ugly and angular. But the mysterious effect of light, increasing far-extended by dirty, cares for himself any viewer, and the harmony of wonderful shades of paints acts on his soul like the melodies of vintage church chants.

"One hundred great paintings" N. A. Ionina, publishing house "Veche", 2002

nearyou.ru.

Rembrandt Harmers Wang Rhine (1606-1669) - Dutch artist, painter and engraving, great master Lights, the largest representative of the golden century of Dutch painting. He managed to embody in his works the entire spectrum of human experiences with such an emotional saturation, which the visual art did not know before him.