Presentation "Who is Chatsky: an" extra "person or a person who has not found his place in life?" The "extra person" problem? (Chatsky - Onegin - Pechorin)

Is it possible to call the image of Chatsky "superfluous person"

Deeply mistaken interpretation of Chatsky as an image “ extra person", Groundless" dreamer "," lonely Protestant. " Chatsky himself felt motivated by “ this century”And did not at all recognize himself as lonely. In Chatsky, there is no romantic demonism inherent in Byronic heroes nor the proud misanthropy of Pushkin's Aleko. His image is, as it were, contrasted with the disappointed romantics depicted by Pushkin in his southern poems. Chatsky does not withdraw into himself, does not withdraw from society, from reality. In his famous monologue "Who are the judges? .." he speaks on behalf of the new generation:

Where, show us, fatherland fathers ...

That is to respect whom we should be in the absence of people!

Here are our strict judges and judges!

Who are we"? Whom did Chatsky mean here? “Judges” who have “ free life the enmity is irreconcilable ”, he contrasts the younger generation, which is going in other ways. The image of "one of us young people" appears in the words of Griboyedov's hero. The fact that Griboyedov himself mocked the Byronic skepticism and disappointment, fashionable in the early 1920s. in the circles of the thinking youth of the nobility, Küchelbecker testifies. “In 1824, I began to be the first to arm myself against this passion of our young people, poets and non-poets, to pretend to be Childe Harolds,” Kuchelbecker recalled in 1834, Griboyedov, and in this respect brought me the greatest benefit: he made me feel like everyone it's funny how unworthy of a true husband. " A true advanced hero early XIX v. were not Prisoner of the Caucasus and not even Onegin or Pechorin, but Chatsky. Of course, Griboyedov's hero has a lot in common with Onegin and Pechorin. They are children of the same class and era. Denying the noble-serf society, they were at the same time its offspring. Suffering from dissatisfaction with life, they were at the same time torn off from the soil of the people.

But Chatsky is equally alien to Onegin's cooling of feelings and Pechorin's disappointment in people. In contrast to the disappointed "tired" Onegin, Chatsky, according to Herzen's friend and colleague NP Ogarev, "represents the active side of life, indignation, hatred of the existing government structure of society."

Even Goncharov in his article "Million of Torments" correctly noted that "Chatsky, as a person, is incomparably higher and smarter than Onegin and Lermontov's Pechorin ... Their time ends with them, and Chatsky begins new Age- and this is all its meaning and all "mind". V early years in Chatsky, despite the clear understanding of many dark sides In fact, an optimistic view of the nature and direction of contemporary life prevails in comparison with the recent past. He believes in a new era.

How do we compare yes see

The present century and the past century:

Tradition is fresh, but hard to believe,

"The century of obedience and fear was direct." He was famous for "whose neck bent more often." Nowadays, the hunters make fun of them cruelly. A sense of personal dignity awakens. Not everyone wants to serve, not everyone is looking for patrons, “everyone breathes more freely,” public opinion has arisen. It seems to Chatsky that the time has come when a serf society becomes possible to change and correct through the development of progressive public opinion, the influence of noble, humane ideas. But Chatsky's romantic love of freedom, his faith in people, in the power of reason, in the proximity of freedom collide with real feudal reality, with scary world Famusov and taciturn. With warm sympathy, the author reveals both the personal and social drama of his hero.

Chatsky returns to Moscow, full of hopes and dreams. In foreign lands, he yearned for his homeland, "and the smoke of the fatherland" is "sweet and pleasant" to him.

“Has it ever happened that you were laughing? or in sorrow? A mistake? did you say good about someone? " At first he replied, it was a gentle joke, but then, feeling Sophia's irritation, after a minute's silence he spoke seriously:

And leaning towards someone else's harm?

But if so: the mind and the heart are out of tune.

I'm in eccentrics to another miracle

Once I laugh, then I will forget;

Tell me into the fire: I’ll go as if to dinner.

the hero's drama - both heartfelt and social - reaches its utmost tension. Plagued by doubts, but still hopeful, he finally learns the bitter truth. Without naming her name, Sophia admits that “others” are dearer to her than Chatsky. He is deeply moved by the verdict, and it hurts him from her smile:

And what do I want when it's all decided?

I climb into the noose, but she's funny.

“However, he climbs like all lovers, despite his“ intelligence ”... - notes I. A. Goncharov. - He throws a weapon useless against a happy rival - a direct attack on him, and condescends to pretense ... to "solve the riddle" ... "

Goncharov's opinion that Chatsky allegedly did not solve the riddle until the end of the comedy - whether Sophia fell out of love with him or not - is incorrect. Sophia said quite clearly, and he realized that her love for him had faded. But who does Sophia love? Molchalin? Skalozuba? And yet he does not lose hope. After all, Chatsky loves passionately, madly and tells Sophia the truth about his feelings:

Breathe, and lived with them, was busy incessantly !?

“Do you know how people like that love?

"- A. Grigoriev writes about Chatsky's love.

He loved Sophia too much to think only of himself, and here another grief of Chatsky begins - grief from a high understanding of him human dignity... He is afraid that his beloved may become a victim of the greedy calculations of his father, or she herself will fall in love with a vulgar and pitiful nonentity like Molchalin or Skalozub. He tries to warn her, referring to his rights as a friend and brother ("But is he worth you?" Etc.).

Chatsky is not pretending to be for himself, but for Sophia. His love is inseparable from his moral ideal. He can love only a person who corresponds to his high concepts of honor, nobility, morality. In this respect, Chatsky is closer to the people of the 60s than to Onegin and Pechorin. For last love mainly "science of tender passion", for Chatsky - the whole world, sublime and noble.

fell out of love with him, but also because his trust in her, his lofty idea of ​​her, the whole past, it seems to him, was trampled by Sophia, ridiculed and humiliated:

And you! Oh my goodness! Whom have you chosen?

That is why he could not remain silent, but had to express everything to Sophia.

Alexander Chatsky is the main character of the comedy "Woe from Wit", written famous writer A. Griboyedov in poetic form. The author of this most interesting work already long years in Russian literature, it is considered a harbinger of a new socio-psychological type, which has been given the name "superfluous person."

The comedy was written during the years of the revolutionary secret organizations of the Decembrists. The author touched on the struggle in it progressively thinking people with the society of nobles and serf-owners, in other words, the struggle of the new and the old worldview. In A.A. Chatsky, the writer embodied many qualities of an advanced man of the era in which he himself was. According to his convictions the hero he created is close to the Decembrists.

Brief description of Chatsky

Chatsky's character in comedy can be defined as follows:

• in the diversity of the emotional and at the same time simple portrait;
• the positivity of the hero, who is a born maximalist;
• in all his feelings and actions.

If he falls in love, then to such an extent that “the whole world seems to him as dust and vanity,” he is the owner of unbearable honesty and an extraordinary mind, constantly thirsting for additional knowledge. Thanks to his knowledge, he soberly sees the problems of politics, the infringed state of Russian culture, pride and honor in people, but at the same time he is completely blind in love affairs. Chatsky - strong personality, a fighter by nature, and he is eager to fight at once with everyone, but often instead of winning he gets disappointment.

Young nobleman, son of a late friend Famusov, returns to his beloved, Sophia Famusova, whom he has not seen for three long years; Chatsky had known her since childhood. When they matured, fell in love, but the unpredictable Chatsky suddenly went abroad, from where he never wrote a word. Sophia was offended because she was left abandoned, and when her lover arrived, she met him “coldly”. Chatsky himself says that "he wanted to go around the whole world, but did not go around even a hundredth part of it," while the main reason his departure served military service after which, according to his plan, he wanted to meet with Sophia.

His love for this girl is a sincere feeling. He wants to believe in reciprocity, so he cannot believe that she is in love with Molchalin. But he understands that he is mistaken when he witnesses his explanation with Lisa. After that, Chatsky suffers and calls his love madness. In response to his words, Sophia says that she "reluctantly drove me crazy." It was this statement that served as the beginning the development of gossip about the madness of the hero, and also, in the opinion of many, a dangerous person in his convictions.

Chatsky's personal drama not only gives movement to the whole plot, but also complicates and deepens the drama of society, which is confirmed in the comedy by the growth of his sharp attacks against the noble Moscow. And in such criticism of the views and mores of Famus society, it is clear what Chatsky is opposed to and what his views are.

In reality, the hero of the picture does nothing for which he is declared insane. He gives his opinion but the old world wrestles with his word using libel. And the problem is that in this fight Chatsky's undesirable views are losing, because the old world turns out to be so strong that the hero sees no reason to argue and runs from Famusov's house to another city. But this flight cannot be perceived as a defeat, since irreconcilability of opinions puts the hero in a tragic situation.

Description of Chatsky

Chatsky is straight, proud and noble man who boldly expresses his opinion. He does not want to live in the past and sees the truth of the future, does not accept the cruelty of the landowners, opposes serfdom, careerism, respect for rank, ignorance and the wrong attitude of society to the slave morality and ideals of the past century. Due to the fact that he is a fighter for justice and dreams of benefiting society, it is difficult for him to be in an immoral society, because he cannot find a place for himself among deceitful and vile people.

In his opinion, society has remained exactly the same as it was three years ago. He proclaims respect and humanity for common man and service to the cause, and not to persons who are against freedom of thought and speech; approves progressive ideas existing life and modernity, the prosperity of art and science, as well as respect for national culture.

Chatsky is good at writing, translating, seeking knowledge in travel and serving in the Ministry. At the same time, he does not bow before foreigners and boldly advocates domestic education.

His convictions are revealed in disputes and monologues with representatives of the Famus society. He confirms his rejection of serfdom in his memoirs about the theater "The Carrier of Noble Scoundrels", in which he emphasizes the exchange of faithful servants for greyhounds.

Contradictions in the character of the hero

• when he comes to Sophia and begins a conversation with words in which he uses sarcasm and a sarcastic tone: “Has your uncle jumped off his age?”;
• at the same time, he does not set himself the goal of stabbing his interlocutors and Sophia, therefore he asks her in surprise: "... Are my words all ... tend to harm?"

The image of Chatsky in the play is a hot-tempered and tactless nobleman in some words, for which his beloved reproaches him. And yet this harsh tone can be justified by sincere indignation at the existing immorality of the society in which he is forced to be. And to fight him is a matter of his honor.

This behavior of the hero is due to the fact that all the issues that affect him do not find a response in the soul of this opposing person, because he is smart and is able to analyze and predict a new future, without serfdom and arrogance. That is why he cannot cope with his own emotions and resentment. His mind is out of tune with his heart, which means that he lavishes his eloquence, including on those who are completely unprepared to perceive his beliefs and arguments.

The peculiar worldview of the hero

Chatsky reveals in a comedy the worldview of the author himself. He, like Griboyedov, cannot understand and accept the slavish admiration of the Russian people for foreigners. The play is ridiculed several times in the tradition that it is customary to hire foreign teachers to bring up children; the author emphasizes: "... they are bothering to recruit teachers ... in more numbers ... cheaper."

Chatsky also has a special relationship to the service. For Sophia's father, Chatsky's opponent, in this work, Famusov's attitude towards him is precisely defined in following words: "Does not serve ... and in that ... does not find any benefit." Chatsky's answer regarding such a statement also clearly reflects his position: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve."

Therefore, he speaks with such anger about the habits of a society that outrages him, namely, in a contemptuous attitude towards disadvantaged people and the ability to curry favor in the eyes of influential persons. If Maxim Petrovich, Famusov's uncle, for the pleasure of the Empress at her reception, deliberately gives a role model and tries to serve her, then for Chatsky he is no more than a fool, and he does not see in the circle of the conservative nobility those who could set a worthy example ... In the eyes of the hero of the play, these aristocrats - opponents of free life inclined to idleness and extravagance, they are "passionate for rank," and they do not care about justice.

The main character is also annoyed by the desire of the nobles everywhere to cling to useful acquaintances. He believes that they attend balls for this very purpose, and does not agree with this, because, in his opinion, one should not confuse business with fun, because everything should have its time and place.

In one of Chatsky's monologues, the author emphasizes his dissatisfaction with the fact that as soon as a person appears in society who wants to devote himself to art or science, and not a thirst for rank, everyone begins to fear him. He is sure that they are afraid of such people, because they threaten the comfort and well-being of the nobles, because they bring new ideas into the structure of an established society, and the aristocrats do not want to part with the old way of life. That is why gossip about his madness turns out to be very useful, since it allows you to disarm the enemy in views that are undesirable to the nobles.

Brief quotation characteristics of Chatsky

All the traits of Chatsky's character and his manner of communication will never be accepted by a society that would like to live in peace and not change anything. But the protagonist cannot agree with this. He is smart enough to understand baseness, selfishness and ignorance. aristocrats, and vehemently expresses his opinion, trying to open his eyes to the truth. However, the truth is not needed by the established principles of old Moscow life, to which the hero of the play is unable to resist. Based on inappropriate, but at the same time clever arguments of Chatsky, he is called a madman, which once again proves the reason for "grief from the mind."

Let's give as an example some statements of the protagonist:

• After hearing what Famusov said about Maxim Petrovich, Chatsky says: "He despises people ... he yawns at the ceiling ...";
• He stigmatizes past century: “The century of obedience was straightforward” and approves of young people who have no greedy desire to fit into the regiment of aristocrats and “jesters”;
• Has a critical attitude to the settlement of foreigners on the territory of Russia: “Shall we rise ... from the foreign rule of fashions? So that ... the people ... do not consider us as Germans ... ".

A. A. Chatsky, in essence, does a good deed, because by such statements he protects the human right and freedom of choice, for example, occupations: to live in the countryside, travel, "put your mind" into science, or devote your life " arts ... high and beautiful. "

The hero's desire not to “serve”, but “to serve the cause, not the persons” is an allusion to progressive behavior. minded youth to change society in an educational and peaceful way.

In his statements, he does not shy away from such folk words, like "just now", "tea", "more"; he uses sayings, proverbs and the following idioms: "Full of nonsense to grind", "not a hair of love" and easily quotes the classics: "and the smoke of the Fatherland is ... pleasant to us." In addition, it confirms its intelligence and knowledge using foreign words, but only if they have no analogues in Russian.

He is lyrical in stories about his love for Sophia, ironic, sometimes making fun of Famusov, a bit of an eater, because he does not accept criticism, which, in his opinion, is a criticism of the “last century”.

Chatsky is not an easy character. If we speak with witty phrases, he marks directly in the eye and “scatters” the characteristics he has derived with beads. The main character this complex comedy is sincere, and this is the most important thing, despite the fact that his emotions are considered unacceptable. But at the same time, they can be considered the inner wealth of the hero, because thanks to them it is possible to determine his present state.

The creation of the image of Chatsky is the author's desire to show the Russian people the ripening split of the formed noble milieu. Role this hero in the play is dramatic, since he is in the minority of those who are forced to retreat in this verbal struggle for justice and leave Moscow. But he does not leave his views even in such a situation.

Griboyedov had no task to show the weakness of his hero, on the contrary, thanks to his image, he showed the absence of a strong society and the beginning of Chatsky's time. And therefore, it is no coincidence that such heroes are considered "superfluous people" in literature. But the conflict has been identified, which means that the change from the old to the new is ultimately inevitable.

According to I. A. Goncharov, the role of Chatsky in this work is "passive" and at the same time he is a "progressive warrior", and a "skirmisher" and "victim". “The hero is crushed by the amount of old power, but at the same time inflicts a mortal blow on it with the quality of fresh power,” the writer said.

A.S. Pushkin, after reading the play, noted that the first sign smart person it is believed that at first glance you need to know who you are dealing with, and do not throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs, but I. A. Goncharov, on the contrary, believed that Chatsky's speech "boils with wit."

Stages creative path Alexander Pushkin: from post-classicism through "high" romanticism and to realism.

Ticket 17

Reodization of Pushkin's creativity (according to Kuleshov's textbook):

1. 1812-1817 - lyceum creativity, the time of apprenticeship and formation, permeated with the motives of the fleetingness of life, edges dictated a thirst to enjoy the joys of life. The lyrics are still imitative, full of lit cliches, nevertheless, even then the novice poet chooses his own path.

2.1817-1820 - Petersburg period (civil romanticism)

5.1826-1831 - release from exile, movement on wide path realism. The period of Pushkin's self-realization, (poems "Stanza", "Friends", "The Prophet", "In the depths of Siberian ores ...", "The Prophet", "Arap of Peter the Great", "Poltava", "Little Tragedies", "Belkin's Tale".

6. 1831-1833 - marriage, changes in personal life, new horizons in realism, the period of the search for nationality, historicism: "Mermaid", " Bronze Horseman»

7. 1834-1837 - even wider horizons of realism: “ The Queen of Spades», « Captain's daughter»

Thematic range of Pushkin's lyrics:

Civil / Political / Patriotic

Landscape

Philosophical

Love

Religious and philosophical

Erotic

Sources of inspiration:

National history, national liberation struggle

Narrative Poetic Tvorch

Psychological description

A superfluous person is a person of significant abilities who is not able to realize his talents in public service... Belonging to the upper classes of society, he mostly spends his time in idle entertainment. This lifestyle is not able to ease his boredom, which leads to duels, gambling and other self-destructive behavior.

Chatsky: Seeing the vices of Famus society, rejecting its inert foundations, mercilessly exposing the respect for rank, patronage prevailing in the service circles, stupid imitation of French fashion, lack of real education, Chatsky turns out to be an outcast among the counts Khryumin, Khlestov and Zagoretsky. He is considered “strange”, and in the end he is even recognized as a madman. Comes into conflict with the imperfect world around him. In addition, Chatsky, after 3 years of travel, acquires a purpose in life - “to serve the cause”, “not demanding either places or promotion”, “to put a mind hungry for knowledge into science”. The hero's desire is to benefit the fatherland, to serve the good of society, which is what he strives for.

Onegin"selfish reluctance": the blues and boredom took possession of Onegin. Moving away from the "empty light", he tries to engage in some useful activity. Nothing came of an attempt to write, and he has no habit of work. An attempt to combat the "spiritual emptiness" by means of reading was also unsuccessful. The books that he read either did not satisfy, or turned out to be in tune with his thoughts and feelings and only strengthened them. And so Onegin is trying to take up the arrangement of the life of the peasants on the estate, which he inherited from his uncle. He replaced the "yarom with rent" and that's it. Everywhere he feels like a stranger and superfluous: he rejected Tatyana's love, fed up with secular ladies. Friendship with Lensky ended tragically, Onegin killed him in a duel.

Pechorin- a sacrifice of noble people. Since childhood, he became cruel (in the daytime he wrote that no one loved him, did not caress him, no one believed him), a vindictive and cynical person, he gradually moved away from people, lost faith in life and love. P. is trying to fight his inner emptiness. But all his efforts end in failure. All the things he starts are doomed to failure. His suffering is expressed in the constant struggle between humanism and cynicism. In the struggle with himself, he "exhausted the heat of the soul and the constancy of will" necessary for active life... He is not friends with anyone, does not love anyone. He values ​​only his independence. He is so freedom-loving that he has a strong desire to subordinate everything and everyone to his will, even love. He himself admits that he "became a moral cripple."

Who is Chatsky: an "extra" person or a person who has not found his place in life?

Artist P. Sokolov

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU Secondary School No. 5 in Vyazma

1. Who is this "extra" person?

2. The image of Chatsky:

a) a portrait of the hero;

b) a man of new views;

c) "present century" and

"Bygone century" in the face

Chatsky and

Famus society.

3. Chatsky is still "superfluous",

but its place in life

he has: to serve the cause.

N. Kuzmin

Who is the "extra" person?

"Superfluous person", a socio-psychological type, captured in Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century; its main features: alienation from official Russia, from the native environment (usually noble), a sense of intellectual and moral superiority over it and at the same time - mental fatigue, deep skepticism, discord between words and deeds.

The name "Superfluous person" came into general use after the "Diary of an Superfluous Person" (1850) by I. S. Turgenev; the type itself was formed earlier.

Hero portrait. Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp ... Oster, smart, eloquent, He is especially happy in his friends. He knows how to make fun of everyone. What he says, and speaks, as he writes! You appear quite generous: To the misfortune of your neighbor, you are so not indifferent Chatsky - a man of new views Oh, my God! He's carbonari! He wants to preach liberty! Yes, he does not recognize the authorities! I would be glad to serve, to serve is sickening. Those who serve the cause, and not the people ... Those who need it: those who are arrogant, lie in the dust, and those who are higher, weaved flattery like lace. "The present century" and "the past century" in the person of the Chatsky and Famus society What new will Moscow show me? Yesterday there was a ball, and tomorrow there will be two. And who are the judges? For the antiquity of years, their enmity towards a free life is irreconcilable ... "The fools believed, they pass it on to others, the old women instantly sound the alarm - and here is the public opinion! The houses are new, but prejudices are old, rejoice, they will not exterminate neither their years, nor fashion, nor fires Conclusion The views of the hero contradict the worldviews of the Famus society, where ignorance, aversion to science, admiration for ranks and dependence on public opinion reign. Chatsky does not find support and understanding in a city where "the houses are new, but the prejudices are old." But Chatsky can hardly be called a person who has not found his place in life.

D. Kardovsky

"Carriage to me, carriage!"

He did not find it only in Famus' Moscow, but in life he decided to serve the cause.

Chatsky is a superfluous person, because he is doomed to lack of understanding by society of his ideas and beliefs and to loneliness.

D.Kardovsky

Illustrations for comedy

"Woe from Wit."

List of sources used

• http://ilibrary.ru/text/5/p.1/index.html
• http://litena.ru/literaturovedenie/
• http://www.literaturus.ru/2015/08/illjustracii-gore-ot-uma-griboedov.html
• http://malena33.livejournal.com/15916.html
• http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4168247/post211096218/
• http://literatura5.narod.ru/kardovsky.html
• http://hallenna.narod.ru/griboedov_portrety.html
• https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=view%20moscow%20time%20griboyedov&stype
• https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=monuments%20%20 to Griboyedov

In the first third of XIX century in Russian literature, the type of superfluous person develops. These heroes, among which the most famous Pechorin, Onegin, Oblomov, are not like most people of their time. Superfluous people, whose mind is inquisitive and deep, “suffer from the disease of the century”: for them the problems of the world around them, vices and “ulcers” are obvious modern society... Dissatisfied with life, these heroes are most unhappy from the inability to fix anything. The uncertainty of the lofty ideals that torment them is not the knowledge of the ways of their realization, but the absence of specific goals and deeds that could satisfy their high demands for themselves and for life - passivity and inactivity, the helplessness of existence.

Let us compare Chatsky, the hero of Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit," with the image of a superfluous person.

Seeing the vices of Famus society, rejecting its inert foundations, mercilessly exposing the respect for rank, patronage prevailing in the service circles, stupid imitation of French fashion, the lack of real education, Chatsky turns out to be an outcast among the counts Khryumins, Khlestovs and Zagoretsky. He is considered “strange”, and in the end he is even recognized as a madman. So Griboyedov's hero enters, like superfluous people, into conflict with the imperfect world around him. But if the latter only suffer and do nothing, then “in the embittered; thoughts of "Chatsky" a healthy urge to work is heard ... ". "He feels what he is dissatisfied with," because his ideal of life is quite definite: "freedom from all chains of slavery, which are bound to society." Chatsky's active opposition to those “whose hostility to a free life is irreconcilable” allows us to believe that he knows ways to change life in society. In addition, Griboyedov's hero, having traveled a long way of searching, having traveled for three years, acquires a goal in life - “to serve the cause”, “not demanding any places or promotion”, “to put a mind hungry for knowledge into science”. The hero's desire is to benefit the fatherland, to serve the good of society, which is what he strives for.

Thus, Chatsky is undoubtedly a representative of an advanced society, people who do not want to put up with survivals, reactionary orders and are actively fighting them. Superfluous people, unable to find a worthy occupation, self-realization, do not adhere to either conservatives or revolutionary-minded circles, keeping in their souls disappointment in life and wasting unclaimed talents.

The problem of "superfluous" people in society is reflected in the works of many Russian writers. For example, in the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".

Alexander Chatsky is the image of an advanced man of the 10-20s of the 19th century, who, in his convictions and views, is close to the future Decembrists. In accordance with the moral principles of the Decembrists, a person should perceive the problems of society as his own, have an active civil position, which is noted in the behavior of Chatsky. He expresses his opinion on various issues, coming into conflict with many representatives of the Moscow nobility.

First of all, Chatsky himself is noticeably different from all the other heroes of the comedy. it educated person with an analytical mindset; he is eloquent, gifted figurative thinking, which raises him above the inertia and ignorance of the Moscow nobility. Chatsky's clash with Moscow society takes place on many issues: this is the attitude to serfdom, to public service, to domestic science and culture, to education, national traditions and language. For example, Chatsky says that "I would be glad to serve - it is sickening to serve." This means that for the sake of his career he will not be servile, flatter his superiors, humiliate himself. He would like to serve “business, not persons” and does not want to seek entertainment if he is busy with business.

The Moscow nobles are annoyed by those qualities of the protagonist's personality that are just positive: his education and desire for knowledge, the ability to think independently and thirst for justice, the desire to serve the Fatherland, but with the benefit of progress and with the aim of reforming the existing socio-political system. And the transformations " famus society"Did not want to admit, therefore people like Chatsky were considered dangerous, they did not want to see them in high society and they became "superfluous people."

Chatsky is alone in the crowd of Famusov's guests, representing Moscow society, where "empty, slavish, blind imitation" of everything foreign reigns and "a mixture of languages: French with Nizhny Novgorod." Chatsky is a patriot, he would like to be proud of his country and people, but in the customs of the nobles, in their way of life, the hero notes the degeneration of everything Russian, national.

Undoubtedly, patriotism is one of the most worthy qualities of a person, and Chatsky's spiritual appearance deserves a high assessment. But there are some features that somewhat violate the integrity of the positive image. Perhaps due to inexperience, youth and fervor, the hero does not understand that it is inappropriate to pronounce accusatory monologues at a reception with Famusov. Moreover, no one wants to listen to Chatsky's opinion, no one cares about his experiences. It evokes negative emotions in those around them, since direct condemnation of the mores and convictions of the bureaucracy and landowners does not contribute to mutual understanding with them. The hero should understand that Famusov and his guests are not the kind of society where you should open your soul, share reflections on modern reality. Sophia, like her father, easily classifies Chatsky as a madman, wanting to avenge him for making fun of Molchalin. The hero is forced to leave the Famusovs' house, where his mind, his critical views on life were so unpleasant to those around him. He did not make friends or like-minded people here, but only experienced disappointment, felt insulted and was ready to flee from here in order to numb his heartache.

Was there such a place in Russia where the hero of Griboyedov could find "a corner for offended feelings"? Probably, Chatsky should go to where they already existed secret societies future Decembrists, where they appreciated smart people who are ready to use their knowledge and strength for the urgent transformations in the Fatherland. In the understanding of the advanced nobles, the mind should be free, "free", which means that free-thinking was not for the Decembrists a dirty word or the definition of vice, dangerous illness, but vice versa. It is clear that the courage of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by contemporaries with advanced convictions, since his hero Chatsky was close in spirit to the future Decembrists. He aroused sympathy because he felt the need to fight inertia, ignorance, cruelty, injustice and other vices, and wanted to participate in transformations. When communicating with representatives of the Moscow nobility, he saw a lack of understanding, a hostile attitude towards himself, in addition, his position was complicated by the tragedy of love and loneliness. Therefore, A.S. Griboyedov defined Chatsky's state as "woe from wits", since the hero felt himself "superfluous" in the society of the Moscow nobles.

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