Andrey Ivanovich Stolts. Stolz's character

Introduction

Goncharov's work "Oblomov" is a socio-psychological novel based on literary method antitheses. The principle of opposition can be traced both when comparing the characters of the main characters, and their basic values ​​and life path... Comparison of the way of life of Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" allows you to better understand ideological plan works, to understand the reasons for the tragedy of the fate of both heroes.

Features of the lifestyle of the heroes

The central character of the novel is Oblomov. Ilya Ilyich is afraid life difficulties, does not want to do or decide anything. Any difficulty and the need to act cause sadness in the hero and even more immerse him in an apathetic state. That is why Oblomov, after the first failure in the service, no longer wanted to try his hand at a career and hid from the world around him on his favorite couch, trying not only not to leave the house, but also not even to get out of bed unless absolutely necessary. The way of life of Ilya Ilyich is similar to a slow dying - both spiritual and physical. The hero's personality is gradually degrading, and he himself is completely immersed in illusions and dreams that are not destined to come true.

On the other hand, Stolz's difficulties spur him on, any mistake for him is just an excuse to move on, achieving more. Andrei Ivanovich is in constant motion - business trips, meetings with friends and secular evenings are an integral part of his life. Stolz looks at the world soberly and rationally, in his life there are no surprises, illusions and strong shocks, because he calculated everything in advance and understands what to expect in each specific situation.

The lifestyle of the heroes and their childhood

The development and formation of the images of Oblomov and Stolz is shown by the author from the very early years heroes. Their childhood, youthful and mature years proceed in different ways, they are instilled with different values ​​and life guidelines, which only emphasizes the dissimilarity of the characters.

Oblomov grew like a greenhouse plant, fenced off from the possible influences of the surrounding world. Parents pampered little Ilya in every possible way, indulged his desires, were ready to do everything to make their son happy and satisfied. The very atmosphere of Oblomovka, the hero's native estate, requires special attention. Slow, lazy, and poorly educated villagers saw labor as a kind of punishment. Therefore, they tried to avoid him in every possible way, and if they had to work, they worked reluctantly, without any inspiration or desire. Naturally, this could not but affect Oblomov, who from an early age absorbed the love of an idle life, absolute idleness, when Zakhar can always do everything for you - as lazy and slow as his master. Even when Ilya Ilyich gets into a new one, urban environment, he does not want to change his lifestyle and start working intensively. Oblomov simply closes himself off from the surrounding world and creates in his imagination a certain idealized prototype of Oblomovka, in which he continues to "live".

Stolz's childhood goes on differently, which is primarily due to the roots of the hero - a strict German father tried to raise a worthy bourgeois from his son, who could achieve everything in life on his own, without fear of any work. The refined mother of Andrei Ivanovich, on the contrary, wanted her son to achieve a brilliant secular reputation in society, so from an early age she instilled in him a love of books and arts. All this, as well as the evenings and receptions regularly held at the Stoltsev estate, influenced little Andrei, forming an extroverted, educated and purposeful personality. The hero was interested in everything new, he knew how to confidently move forward, so after graduating from university he easily took his place in society, becoming an indispensable person for many. Unlike Oblomov, who perceived any activity as an aggravating necessity (even university studies or reading a long book), for Stolz his activities were an impetus for further personal, social and career development.

Similarities and differences in the way of life of the heroes

If the differences in the lifestyles of Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolz are noticeable and obvious almost immediately, correlating, respectively, as a passive, degrading lifestyle and an active, aimed at all-round development, then their similarity is visible only after detailed analysis characters. Both heroes are "superfluous" people for their era, they both do not live in the present time, and therefore are in a constant search for themselves and their true happiness. Introverted, slow Oblomov with all his might clings to his past, to the “paradise”, idealized Oblomovka - a place where he will always feel good and calm.

Stolz, on the other hand, strives exclusively for the future. He perceives his past as a valuable experience and does not try to cling to it. Even their friendship with Oblomov is full of unrealizable plans for the future - about how you can transform the life of Ilya Ilyich, make it brighter and more real. Stolz is always one step ahead, so it is difficult for Olga to be ideal husband(however, Oblomov's "extra" nature in the novel also becomes an obstacle to the development of relations with Olga).

Such isolation from others and inner loneliness, which Oblomov fills with illusions, and Stolz with thoughts of work and self-improvement, become the basis of their friendship. The characters unconsciously see in each other the ideal of their own existence, while completely denying the lifestyle of their friend, considering it either too active and saturated (Oblomov was even upset that he had to walk in boots for a long time, and not in his usual soft slippers), or excessively lazy and inactive (at the end of the novel, Stolz says that it was "Oblomovism" that killed Ilya Ilyich).

Conclusion

Using the example of the lifestyle of Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov showed how the fates of people who come from the same social stratum, but received a different upbringing, can differ. Depicting the tragedy of both characters, the author shows that a person cannot live, hiding from the whole world in an illusion or giving himself excessively to others, up to mental exhaustion - in order to be happy, it is important to find harmony between these two directions.

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Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov is a remarkable Russian realist writer. His work has firmly entered classic literature our country. The originality of it artistic world is, according to N.A. Dobrolyubov, in what he was able to cover in his work full image subject, sculpt, mint it.

The main idea of ​​Goncharov in the novel "Oblomov"

In his novel, Ivan Alexandrovich condemns the noble inactivity. Oblomov's characterization in the novel "Oblomov" proves this, and soon you will be convinced of this. The author salutes the businesslike entrepreneurial class that was emerging at that time. For Goncharov, Oblomov's character is essential to his lordly pampering, as well as the inactivity resulting from it, the impotence of will and mind. The image of this hero under the hand of such an eminent master resulted in a wide picture, in which the reader is presented with the pre-reform life local nobility country. The work was written more than 100 years ago, but it still attracts attention to this day. This romance is definitely classic piece created by the beautiful Russian language.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov

What is the characteristic of Oblomov in the novel Oblomov? After reading it, everyone probably wants to understand who is closer to him in spirit: Stolz or Ilya Ilyich. At first glance, Oblomov's characterization is devoid of attractiveness. In the novel, this hero appears as a man of not his first youth. He tried to serve in the past, but he left all activity and became unable to return to it. He does not want not only to do something, but even to be in society, go for a walk, get dressed, just get up from the couch. The serene state of this hero is disturbed only by visitors who come only with selfish ends to Oblomov. For example, Tarantyev simply steals from him, borrowing money and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors in the work, since he cannot understand the true purpose of their visits. The only exception is Stolz, a friend of his youth, who comes to visit him in Oblomovka.

However, Oblomov's characterization is not so unequivocally negative. We will return to it later.

Andrey Ivanovich Stolts

Stolz is the opposite of this character in the novel. Goncharov portrayed him as a "new man". From childhood, Stolz was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. He is a businessman, alien to both official careerism and laziness of the nobility, who is distinguished by such a level of culture and such activity, which at that time were not characteristic of the Russian merchants. Apparently, not knowing where to find such a person among the Russian business people, Goncharov decided to make his hero the offspring of a semi-German family. Stolz, nevertheless, was raised by a Russian mother, who was a noblewoman, and also studied at the capital's university. This hero believes that through the construction of highways, fairs, marinas, schools, patriarchal "scraps" will turn into income-generating comfortable estates.

Views on Oblomov's life

The characteristic of Oblomov is not only apathy marked. This hero is trying to "philosophize". Ilya Ilyich opposes the sincerity and kindness of the patriarchal life to the moral depravity of the representatives of the bureaucratic and noble society of the capital. He condemns him for striving for careerism, lack of serious interests, hidden by ostentatious courtesy of mutual hostility. In this respect, the author of the novel agrees with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov's characterization is complemented by the fact that he is a romantic. This hero dreams mainly of quiet family happiness.

Stolz's attitude towards life

On the contrary, Stolz is the enemy of the "dream", of everything mysterious and enigmatic. However, he understands by "dream" not only rosy romance, but all kinds of idealism. The author, explaining the beliefs of this hero, writes that in his eyes that which is not subjected to the analysis of practical truth, experience, is optical illusion or a fact to which the turn of experience has not yet reached.

The meaning of a love conflict in revealing the characters of the main characters

A comparative description of Oblomov and Stolz would be incomplete if we did not reveal the topic of the relationship of these heroes with Olga Ilyinskaya. Goncharov introduces his characters to love conflict in order to experience them with life itself, which will show what each of them is worth. That's why outstanding personality the heroine of "Oblomov" was supposed to appear. In Olga Ilyinskaya, we will not find any secular coquetry, no lordly quirks, nothing mannered, with the intention of being made for success in life. This girl is distinguished by her beauty, as well as natural freedom of action, speech and look.

Both main characters created by Goncharov in love relationship with this woman they are defeated, each in his own way. And this reveals the inconsistency of the author's illusions in the assessment of both. Oblomov's "honest and loyal", "golden" heart suddenly turns into doubt along with his decency. Let us note that this hero, possessing "a heart as deep as a well," is shamefully disingenuous in front of the girl, referring to the fact that he "warned her" about his character. Olga understands that Ilya Ilyich "died a long time ago."

The consistent characterization of Oblomov and Stolz reveals all new interesting details... Andrei Ivanovich appears again in the novel. He reappears in the work in order to take the place that Oblomov previously occupied. The characterization of the hero Stolz in his relationship with Olga reveals some important features in his image. Goncharov showing him Parisian life with Ilyinskaya, wants to show the reader the breadth of views of his hero. In fact, he lowers it, since being interested in everything means nothing systematically, in depth, seriously not to get carried away. It means to learn everything from someone else's words, to take from someone else's hands. Stolz could hardly keep up with Olga in her languid haste of will and thought. Contrary to the will of the author, the story of life together of these two heroes, which should have been a tribute to Stolz, in the end proved to be a means of exposing him. Stolz at the end of the novel seems to be only a self-confident reasoner. The reader no longer believes this hero, who could not save his friend, give his beloved happiness. Stolz's complete collapse is saved only by the author's tendentiousness. After all, Goncharov ("Oblomov") was on his side. The characteristic of Oblomov, created by the writer, as well as the author's voice in the novel, allow us to judge this.

The weakness of both heroes and the classes they represent

In addition to own desire, Goncharov was able to show that not only the Russian nobility is degenerating. Not only Oblomov is weak. The characterization of Stolz's hero is also not devoid of this trait. Respectable entrepreneurs cannot historically become the successors of the nobility, since they are weak, limited and unable to take responsibility for solving the fundamental issues of the country's life.

The value of the image of Olga Ilyinskaya in Russian literature

So, Comparative characteristics Oblomov and Stolz shows that neither one nor the other can, in their own way, evoke sympathy. But the heroine of the work, Olga Ilyinskaya, will become the prototype of the enlightened Russian woman. This prototype will later be found in the works of many classics of the 19th century.

Often a comparison between Ilya Ilyich and Andrei Ivanovich is presented as a table. The characteristic of Oblomov and Stolz, presented visually, helps to better remember information. That's why comparison table in literature lessons, as a type of work, it is often used at school. When deep analysis is required, it is better to refuse it. Namely, this was the task that stood at the creation of this article.

Who is Stolz? Goncharov does not force the reader to puzzle over this question. In the first two chapters of the second part goes detailed story about Stolz's life, about the conditions in which his active character was formed. “Stolz was only half German by his father; his mother was Russian; he professed the Orthodox faith, his native language was Russian ... ”. Goncharov first tries to show that Stolz is more Russian than German: after all, the most important thing is that his faith and language are the same as those of the Russians. But the further, the more begin to show through in him the qualities of a German: independence, perseverance in achieving their goals, thrift.
Stolz's unique character was formed under the influence of two forces - soft and hard, at the junction of two cultures - Russian and German. From his father he received a "labor, practical education", and his mother introduced him to the beautiful, tried to put in the soul of little Andrei love for art, for beauty. His mother "in her son ... dreamed of the ideal of a gentleman," and his father taught him to hard, not lordly work.
A practical mind, love of life, courage helped Stolz achieve success after he left at the insistence of his father to study in St. Petersburg ...
According to Goncharov's plan, Stolz - new type Russian progressive figure. However, he does not portray the hero in specific activities. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. He "served, retired ... went about his business, ... made a house and money, ... learned Europe as his estate, ... saw Russia far and wide, ... travels to the world."
Talking about ideological position Stolz, he “sought balance practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit. " Stolz could control his feelings and was "afraid of every dream." Happiness for him was consistency. According to Goncharov, he "knew the value of rare and expensive properties and wasted them so sparingly that they called him an egoist, insensitive ...". In a word, the potters created such a hero that Russia has been lacking for a long time. For the author, Stolz is the force that is capable of reviving the Oblomovs and destroying Oblomovism. In my opinion, Goncharov somewhat idealizes the image of Stolz, setting him up as an example to the reader as an impeccable person. But by the end of the novel, it turns out that salvation did not come to Russia with the advent of Stolz. Dobrolyubov explains this by the fact that "now there is no soil for them" in Russian society... For a more productive activity of the stolts, it is necessary to reach some compromise with the break-off ones. That is why Andrei Stolts takes on the education of his son Ilya Ilyich.
Stolz is undoubtedly the opposite of Oblomov. Each character trait of the first is a sharp protest against the qualities of the second. Stolz loves life - Oblomov often falls into apathy; Stolz has a thirst for activity, for Oblomov the best activity is relaxing on the couch. The origins of this opposition lie in the upbringing of heroes. Reading the description of the life of little Andrey, you involuntarily compare it with the life of Ilya. Thus, already at the very beginning of the novel, two absolutely different nature, two paths in life ...

The image of Andrei Stolz in the novel by Goncharov Oblomov

In Goncharov's novel the main character Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is consistently opposed in personal and public life to his friend-antipode Andrei Stolz: they have different strengths of character, business qualities, origin, upbringing, education, convictions and everything else, they actually have nothing in common. In his article "What is Oblomovism?" (" Domestic notes", 1859) critic N. A. Dobrolyubov even calls Stolz" an antidote to Oblomov. "

Describing the character of Stolz in the first chapter of the second part of the novel, Goncharov seemed to deliberately strive to increase the contrast between the characters and emphasize their dissimilarity. For example, Oblomov is very keenly aware of the unnaturalness of Petersburg life. He tried to serve, but could not explain to himself why it was necessary, tried in every possible way to avoid work, and in the end resigned. Stolz, however, considers the life of bourgeois-business Petersburg to be the norm, he is just as uncritical of it as Oblomov is uncritical of life in Oblomovka. Stolz is a businessman, far from both noble laziness and official careerism. Goncharov especially appreciated in his hero the fact that he combines business acumen with culture.

Stolz's plans were very progressive for their time: he proposed the abolition of serfdom, the organization of a new type of economy on the site of the former estate, the organization of schools, marinas, highways, fairs. Then Oblomovka will turn into a comfortable, cultural estate, enriching not only the owner, but also the employee, and ultimately the entire state.

Stolz does not talk about the high public interests that patriots like to discuss so much, but he successfully solves his commercial everyday problems. He embodies the image of an active person, which Russia so needs, which is on the verge of new historical conditions. In this hero, the writer sees a well-found balance. Goncharov wrote: "As in the body he has nothing superfluous, so in the moral functions of his life, he was looking for a balance of practical sides with the subtle needs of the spirit."

Stolz has a desire to gain access to the upper social stratum, but he also has a desire to work. Goncharov emphasized that Stolz has two beginnings - German and Russian, in which the author showed the ideal combination of the spiritual subtlety of a Russian mother and progressive, rational qualities from a German father. The question of the meaning of life does not arise before him, since work for the benefit of society is organically combined by Stolz with the desire for the good for himself. For Goncharov, it is not important what Stolz does, but what is important is that he combines love for work with love for personal benefit, that is, he professes a philosophy of work.

It was Stolz who pronounced the word “Oblomovism” in Chapter IV, which, according to N. A. Dobrolyubov, “serves as a key to unraveling many public value than all our accusatory stories have it ”(article“ What is Oblomovism? ”).

It turns out that Stolz - complete opposite Oblomov. If Oblomov embodies an outgoing Russia that cannot adapt to new historical circumstances, then Stolz is a new Russia, as Goncharov wanted to see it. Wherein life principles Stolz, according to the testimony of Dobrolyubov and other contemporaries of the writer, are not characteristic of Russians business people 50s of the XIX century. Goncharov understood this very well and therefore made Stolz a half-German, brought up in a burgher family, but who grew up and formed as a person in Russia. Dobrolyubov did not argue with this, but noted that "stolts, people with an integral, active character, in which every thought immediately becomes an aspiration and goes into action, are not yet in the life of our society."

Dobrolyubov notes Stolz's hard work and thirst for activity, but he does not understand "how he manages to do something decent where others cannot do anything." Also, the critic wondered how Stolz can "rest on his lonely, separate, exceptional happiness."

The characters of the main characters in Goncharov's novel Oblomov are portrayed by the author exceptionally true and talented. If the artist's task is to snatch and capture the essence of life, inaccessible to the understanding of the layman, then the great Russian writer coped with it brilliantly. Its protagonist, for example, personifies the whole social phenomenon, named in his honor "Oblomovism". No less noteworthy is the phenomenal friendship between Oblomov and Stolz, two antipodes, who, it would seem, should have irreconcilably argue with each other or even despise each other, as is often the case in communication completely different people... However, Goncharov goes against stereotypes, tying the antagonists with a strong friendship. Throughout the novel, observing the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz is not only necessary, but also interesting for the reader. Collision of two life positions, two worldviews - that's main conflict in Goncharov's novel Oblomov.

Differences between Oblomov and Stolz are easy to find. First, it catches the eye appearance: Ilya Ilyich is a burly gentleman with soft features, plump hands, and slow gestures. His favorite clothing is a spacious robe, which does not restrict movement, as it were, protects and warms a person. Stolz is fit and slender. Constant activity and business acumen characterize his practical nature, so his gestures are bold, and his reaction is quick. He is always dressed appropriately to spin in the light and make the right impression.

Secondly, they have a different upbringing. If little Ilyusha was cared for and cherished by parents, nannies and other inhabitants of Oblomovka (he grew up as a pampered boy), then Andrei was brought up in severity, his father taught him how to conduct business, leaving him to make his own way. Stolz, in the end, did not have enough parental affection, which he was looking for in his friend's house. Oblomov, on the contrary, was too kind, his parents pampered: he is not fit either for the service or for the landowner's work (taking care of the estate and its profitability).

Thirdly, their attitude to life differs. Ilya Ilyich does not like vanity, does not spend efforts to please society, or at least to wedge himself into it. Many condemn him for laziness, but is it laziness? I think not: he is a nonconformist who is honest to himself and to the people around him. A nonconformist is a person who defends his right to behave differently from what is customary in his contemporary society. Oblomov had the courage and resilience to silently, calmly adhere to his position and go his own way, not exchanging for trifles. In his demeanor of self-conduct, a rich spiritual life is guessed, which he does not expose to the social showcase. Stolz lives in this window, because fiddling in a good society always benefits the businessman. We can say that Andrei had no other choice, because he is not a master, his father earned capital, but no one will leave villages to him by inheritance. He was taught from childhood that he must earn his own living, so Stolz adapted to the circumstances, developing hereditary qualities: perseverance, hard work, social activity. But if he is so successful by modern standards, why does Stolz need Oblomov? From his father, he inherited an obsession with affairs, the limitations of a practical person, which he felt, and therefore subconsciously reached for the spiritually rich Oblomov.

They were drawn to the opposite, feeling the lack of certain properties of nature, but could not learn from each other good qualities... None of them could make Olga Ilyinskaya happy: she felt dissatisfaction with both one and the other. Unfortunately, this is the truth of life: people rarely change in the name of love. Oblomov tried, but still remained true to his principles. Stolz, too, was only enough for courtship, and after that the routine of common life began. Thus, in love, the similarities between Oblomov and Stolz were manifested: they both failed to build happiness.

In these two images, Goncharov reflected the contradictory tendencies in the society of that time. The nobility is the mainstay of the state, but its individual representatives cannot take an active part in its fate, if only because it was trivial and petty for them. They are gradually being replaced by people who have gone through a harsh life school, more skillful and greedy Stolz. They do not have the spiritual component that is needed for any useful work in Russia. But apathetic landowners will not save the day either. Apparently, the author believed that the merger of these extremes, a certain golden mean – the only way to the achievement of the well-being of Russia. If we consider the novel from this angle, it turns out that the friendship between Oblomov and Stolz is a symbol of the unification of different social forces for a common goal.

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