The whole romantic pathos, which is shrouded in the Middle Ages, is presented in "Ivanhoe". Valiant knights lovely ladies, castle sieges and political subtleties of vassal relations - all this found a place in the novel by Walter Scott.

In many ways, it was his creation that contributed to the romanticization of the Middle Ages. The author described historical events that touch on the period in the history of England after the Third Crusade. Of course, it was not without serious artistic improvisation and fiction, but this only made the story more exciting and beautiful.

In this collection it was impossible not to include the most famous creation Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol. For many schoolchildren, the study of "Dead Souls" is the most striking event in literature lessons.

Nikolai Gogol is one of the few classics who knew how to write about the problems of philistine life and Russia as a whole in such a sarcastic and direct tone. There is neither the epic ponderousness of Tolstoy, nor the unhealthy psychology of Dostoevsky. Reading the work is easy and pleasant. However, hardly anyone will deny him the depth and subtlety of the observed phenomena.

The adventure novel "The Headless Horseman" is multi-layered: detective and love motives are intertwined in it. The intricacies of the plot create intrigue and keep you in suspense to the very last pages books. Who is this headless horseman? A ghost, a figment of the imagination of heroes, or someone's insidious trick? You are unlikely to fall asleep until you get the answer to this question.

Charles Dickens was extremely popular during his lifetime. People were waiting for his next novels in about the same way as we are now waiting for the release of some "Transformers". The educated English public loved his books for their inimitable style and plot dynamism.

"Posthumous notes Pickwick Club"- the funniest work of Dickens. Adventures of English snobs who proclaimed themselves as explorers human souls are full of ridiculous and comical situations. Social issues, of course, are present here, but they are presented in such a simple form that it is simply impossible not to fall in love with the English classics after reading them.

"Madame Bovary" is rightfully considered one of greatest novels world classics. This title does not in the least detract from the fascination of Flaubert's creation - challenging story love adventures Emma Bovary is bold and daring. After the publication of the novel, the writer was even prosecuted for insulting morality.

The psychological naturalism that permeates the novel allowed Flaubert to vividly reveal a problem that is relevant in any era - the convertibility of love and money.

The most famous work Oscar Wilde is touched by the deeply worked out image of the protagonist. Dorian Gray, an esthete and snob, has an extraordinary beauty that contrasts with the inner ugliness that develops throughout the plot. Revel in watching moral decline Gray, allegorically reflected in the visual change of his portrait, can be spent hours on end.

American Tragedy - Inside Out american dream... The desire for wealth, respect, position in society, money is characteristic of all people, however, for the majority, the way up is closed by default for various reasons.

Clyde Griffiths is a lower-class man who is trying with all his might to break into high society. He is ready to do anything for the sake of his dream. But society, with its ideals of success as an absolute life purpose itself is a catalyst for violation of morality. As a result, Clyde breaks the law in order to achieve his goals.

To Kill a Mockingbird is an autobiographical novel. Harper Lee described her childhood memories. The result is a story with an anti-racist message, written in a simple and accessible language... Reading the book is useful and interesting, it can be called a moral textbook.

Not so long ago there was a sequel to the novel called "Go and Set a Watchman." In it, the images of the characters in the writer's classic work are turned inside out so much that cognitive dissonance cannot be avoided when reading.

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The best books of the classics of autumn 2018

Our new rating the top 100 best classics books have undergone significant changes. It's all the fault of the beginning of a new educational school, and a school curriculum that clearly sets the tone for this category. Nevertheless, it was only really hit best books classics, not only Russian, but also foreign. After all, this list best classics compiled on the basis of your requests on the Internet and reflects the interest of readers in our country in the best possible way.

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Story " Sunstroke"Author: Bunin IA Year of publication of the story: 1925 Bunin's story" Sunstroke "is considered by many to be one of the best works of the writer. It is included in school curriculum, and also was filmed more than once. The last film adaptation came out in 2014 and was very successful. This aroused even more interest in the story "Sunstroke" to read, and also allowed Ivan Bunin to borrow [...]

Being an active reader, I will try to take on the role of an assistant and sketch out a few ideas, making a list of the most recognized and most successful, from my point of view, works of both domestic and foreign literature... Most of these novels have already won, and continue to gain popularity, which means that these are exactly the books that you need to read in order to discover and know this magical, mysterious and so alluring world of literature.

1. What to read from the classics? Relevance of the issue.

Usually a similar question arises for those who suddenly realized the need for self-education or decided to fill their gaps from school course on Russian literature.

This is where the main difficulty arises. Everyone wants to be sure to read something from the collection of world masterpieces. But is there even such a thing as a literary masterpiece? Critics claim to answer unequivocally this question impossible: someone likes Russian literature, someone is foreign, someone reads to holes, and someone cannot imagine an evening without an exciting love story.

Having visited one of the major second-hand bookstores in the capital, I asked the sellers what questions visitors most often ask. As it turned out, one of the most common requests is precisely a request for advice on what to read from the classics.

It turns out that in fact there are many who wish, literature of this kind is in demand, but low awareness sometimes frightens off potential clients.

First of all, let's dwell on the short stories. By the way, they should be understood as more short form narration of current events than, for example, a story or a story. This type of storytelling is characterized by the presence of only one storyline, and the number actors very limited.

I would single out the following works:

1. Augustine "Treatises"
2. D. Swift "Gulliver's Travels"
3. F. Kafka "The Trial"
4. M. de Montein "Complete Essay"
5. N. Hawthorne "Letter to Scarlet"
6. G. Melville "Moby Dick"
7. R. Descartes "The Principles of Philosophy"
8. C. Dickens "Oliver Twist"
9. G. Flaubert "Madame Bovary"
10. D. Austin "Pride and Prejudice"

1. Aeschylus "Agamemnon"
2. Sophocles "The Myth of Oedipus"
3. Euripides "Medea"
4. Aristophanes "Birds"
5. Aristotle "Poetics"
6. W. Shakespeare "Richard III", "Hamlet", "Dream in summer night"
7. Moliere "Tartuffe"
8. W. Congreve "So they do in the light"
9. Henrik Johan Ibsen "Doll House"

Dreamers and romantics very often try to find answers to the questions posed in poetry. What to read from the classics in poetic genre? Many things. But I would especially highlight:

1. Homer "Iliad" and "Odyssey"
2. Horace "Odes"
3. Dante Alighieri "Hell"
4. W. Shakespeare "Sonnets"
5. D. Milton " Lost heaven"
6. W. Wordsworth Favorites
7. S.T. Coleridge "Poems"

As for the works of our country, is there really nothing worthy? - Well, of course not! - If I was asked to answer the question of what to read from the Russian classics, I would, of course, recommend M. Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita, M. Lermontov's Mtsyri, A. Pushkin's poems and poems.

3. Reading the masterpieces of world literature. What does it give us?

Is it worth returning to this direction, or is it better and more correct to pay more attention to contemporary works? It is very, very difficult to answer this question unequivocally.

Sometimes opinions are divided in a cardinal way.

For example, opponents argue that it is already completely outdated, has lost its relevance, gradually turning into a kind of utopia. In turn, philologists and students of linguistic universities defend the masterpieces of the world epic, insisting that without studying the history, culture and subtleties of the language, it is impossible to understand and comprehend our today's world.

Well, well ... Each side is right in its own way ... Probably everyone will agree that, say, Homer's Odyssey is not so-called pulp fiction for a vacation or an empty pastime. Reading a work of such a plan is difficult and you need to do it thoughtfully, slowly and without distraction, comprehending and remembering the details. Not everyone can do it.

It is such books that can acquaint the reader with the world of both native and foreign literature, help to better understand the traditions, culture and mentality of peoples. And they will also reveal all the charm and richness of colors of the narrative language, thereby replenishing vocabulary reading.

Undoubtedly, reading all the books mentioned in this article can take several years, but in any case, this, of course, will not be wasted time.

(Russian) is a broad concept, and everyone puts their own meaning in it. If you ask readers what associations it evokes in them, the answers will be different. For some, this is the basis library stock, someone will say that the works of classical Russian literature are a kind of sample that has a high artistic merit. For schoolchildren, this is all that is learned at school. And they will all be absolutely right in their own way. So what is it - classic literature? Russian literature, today we will only talk about it. O foreign classics we'll talk in another article.

Russian literature

There is a generally accepted periodization of formation and development. domestic literature... Her story is divided into the following time periods:

What works are called classics?

Many readers are sure that classical literature (Russian) is Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy - that is, the works of those writers who lived in the 19th century. It's not like that at all. The epochs of the Middle Ages and the 20th century can be classic. What canons and principles should be used to determine whether a novel or a story is a classic? At first, classic must have a high artistic value, be a role model for others. Secondly, he must have worldwide recognition, it should be included in the fund of world culture.

And you need to be able to distinguish between the concepts of classical and popular literature... Classics are something that has been tested by time, but oh popular piece can forget quickly enough. If its relevance persists for more than a dozen years, it is possible that over time it will also become a classic.

The origins of Russian classical literature

V late XVIII century, only the established nobility of Russia split into two opposing camps: conservatives and reformers. This split was due to different attitude to those changes that took place in life: Peter's reforms, understanding the tasks of the Enlightenment, peasant question, attitude to power. This struggle of extremes led to the rise of spirituality, self-awareness, which gave rise to the Russian classics. We can say that it was forged in the course of the dramatic processes in the country.

Classical literature (Russian), born in the complex and contradictory 18th century, was finally formed in 19th century... Its main features: national identity, maturity, self-awareness.

Russian classical literature of the 19th century

The growth of national consciousness played an important role in the development of the culture of that time. More and more opens up educational institutions, increases public importance literature, writers begin to pay a lot of attention native language... even more made me think about what is happening in the country.

Influence of Karamzin on the development of 19th century literature

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, a prominent Russian historian, writer and journalist, was the most influential Russian figure culture XVIII-XIX centuries His historical stories and the monumental "History of the Russian State" provided a huge impact on the work of subsequent writers and poets: Zhukovsky, Pushkin, Griboyedov. He is one of the great reformers of the Russian language. Karamzin put into use a large number of new words, without which we cannot imagine modern speech today.

Russian classical literature: a list of the best works

Choose and list the best literary works- the task is difficult, since each reader has his own preferences and tastes. A novel that will be a masterpiece for one person will seem boring and uninteresting to another. How can you compile a list of classic Russian literature that would satisfy the majority of readers? One way is to conduct surveys. On their basis, it is possible to draw conclusions which work the readers themselves consider the best of the proposed options. These methods of collecting information are carried out on a regular basis, although the data may change slightly over time.

List of the best creations of Russian classics, according to versions literary magazines and Internet portals looks like this:

In no case should this list be considered a reference. In some ratings and polls, the first place may not be Bulgakov, but Lev Tolstoy or Alexander Pushkin, and some of the listed writers may not be at all. Ratings are extremely subjective. It is better to compile for yourself a list of your favorite classics and focus on it.

The meaning of Russian classical literature

The creators of Russian classics have always had great social responsibility. They never acted as moralizers, did not give ready-made answers in their works. Writers put before the reader difficult task and made him think about her decision. They raised in their works serious social and social problems that still have for us great importance... Therefore, the Russian classics remain as relevant today.