People's toy parsley. Abstract classes "Merry parsley

The editorial office of Prodetki loves to visit cultural places and discover new heroes and characters. For example, we were interested in the hero parsley in the puppet world.

Parsley Theater is a unique performance whose history goes deep in the 17th century. At first it was a popular entertainment for easy people, and then won its popularity and the highest society.

Doll Parsley

Parsley - This is a printed doll, cracked in pants and red shirt, a distinctive feature This character was: a pointed cap and a huge red nose.

History of theater Parsushki.

Parsley Theater is one of the oldest entertainment of Russia, which lived to the present day and not lost its relevance. . Many perceive it as a folk creation, but in reality, Russian people's Theater. Parsley It has in a variety of countries, such as France, Germany, Italy and Turkey.

The first appearance of the Parsley Theater in Russia was recorded in the 17th century, but he received the main popularity only by the 19th century. Despite the fact that there were several types of puppet theater in Russia, parsley representations were the most popular.

Character parsley

It is not surprising that Parsley is the main character of the puppet theater, which is named in his honor. Let's consider in more detail what he represents. As you can see from the history of creating the theater, it came to Russian lands he from other countries, so russian Parsley collected many in his appearance distinctive features of different nationalities . For example, his head and his hands were implausible, and his eyes had a almond shape, the skin color was dark, and his nose had a big burzzle. Thanks to all this, he really looked like his Italian prototype - Pulchinell.

Parsley Although I put the main character in the chapter, but it was not limited to this. For example, the constant partner of the plot for Parsley was a bear with whom he played the main scenes .

Russian Theater Parsley and his plots

The basis of plots theatrical presentation Banal and philistine themes of that time were always located: Soldier's service, treatment, the acquisition of a horse and its test, as well as dates and wedding parsley.

All scenes had their own order and demonstrated strictly one after another:

- At the heart of the first scene always lay a horses parsley. He traded with the seller-Roma, who did not want to give up, then parsley it boring it, for which he hit the merchant. On this, the first representation ended.

"The second scene was a demonstration of how Parushka climbs the horse, but she does not want to obey him and resets the main character, and then removes the trace behind Roma.

- In the third stage, as at the beginning of the presentation, Parsley does not have a calm temper, and by visiting the doctor, beats him, for the fact that the doctor finds the main hero with many pigeons.

— Last scene Also, it does not do without fighting. When the quarterly appears to find out why Parsley killed Doctors, the main character Thille thinking, it also comes with a quarterly. But justice personifies the dog, which barks and growls on the main character, and then not leaving any problem and stacing Parsley, grabbing him, drags it from an improvised scene.

This representation ends. Interestingly, the duration of the presentation depends on how much interesting scenes They are played out, because it lasts until the audience, who honored him with their attention.

Russian People's Theater Parsley is not limited to four major scenes in his presentation . When there is a lot of Zevak on the streets and the public is ready to watch as much as you like - watch a puppet theater, the story continues and other interesting plots. One of them becomes the "wedding of parsley". The script of this presentation was so rude and frivolous that parents were not allowed to watch such a scene.

In all the ideas, Parsley performed by Pluto, a fraudster and a jubian. N.and his face Depictedd.more not a nice smile, how many may seem, but a rough grin.

Street Theater Parsley

Traditional Petrushka - Puppet Theater one actor, the venue of which street fairs and trading areas have always become . The very first ideas were shown without a screen, since the only docking actor just put a special skirt on the hoop on the belt. Raising this Ring The puppeteer disappeared from sight of the audience, providing them with the opportunity to enjoy the presentation. At the same time he himself could safely move and work with both hands to manage at once with two characters.

Already in the early 19th century, Shirma came to the change of such a suit for the actor , the prototype of the one is used in our day. She was installed directly to the ground, hiding the puppeteer and his entire props.

Cookies were only men, but in order to give their voice an extra squeakyness, a specialized pointer was used. He was inserted straight into the larynx. This gave the opportunity to speak louder.

Modern Persushki Theater

Thanks to many artists who make every effort to preserve the traditions of the puppet theater, we have the opportunity to enjoy interesting ideas in our days. Now it is, of course, not only the wool farm performances, but also street patrols are also found.

Most often, parsley representations can be seen in children's puppet theaters, for example, such as "Firebird", "Albatross", "fabulous" and many others.

People's Theater Parsley on this moment - this is an opportunity to introduce children and adults with history, and also instill younger generation Love and interest in literature.

The heroes of the Russian doll theater are known to the kids from early age. One of these is parsley - a peculiar and characteristic jester with a fun character and a good temper. Initially, it was created in the form of a glove type doll, which movements own hands It was possible to give an active in nature.

Later, the doll was turned into the hero of the theater of puppets. However, the glove option is still popular.

Mandatory traits of parsley images are:

• red shirt, decorated with patterns with folk ornament;
• canvas wide pants, bastards tired in boots;
• long cap, at the end of which the brush is necessarily located.

Sometimes there are no pants, a long shirt seems to closes his legs.

The cap can be splitted, and then there is a brush at each end.

How to sew?

Soft toy parsley is welcome in almost all houses where there are children. Sitting her hand, you can easily cheer the child, raise him the mood, distract from unnecessary problems. And if you prepare several similar folk characters, a full-fledged puppet artist troupe can be obtained.

How to make parsley with your own hands? We will make the head from Papier-Masha, the elements of the body will help to make special patterns. You can sew them with your hands, if there is a machine - use it. If neither the other is unacceptable, with the help of special tissue glue, you can gently glue all the parts around the perimeter.

To work, you will need a set depicted in the photo.

The head of the papier-mache is done as follows:

1. Grinding trays for eggs and pour them with boiling water.
2. After complete impregnation, press excess water and add PVA glue in a 3: 1 ratio.
3. In mind you need to insert a cylinder in advance for the subsequent attachment of the body.
4. Taking a round base, we apply to it ready for a lot and additionally sculpt the embossed details: nose, forehead, ears, chin.

Further actions are made after complete drying of the base. Used hand painted with paints:

• cover the head of the water-level paint, after drying which they stain the entire surface with a touch of corporal color;
• we draw up the features of the face, we make them with good and smiling;
• next, dealing with hair. We wind the selected threads on the frame. Cut them around the edges;
• we glue the basis with hair around the head of the head - it turns out the similarity of the kidted from the Capper.

Costume will tell about the character of a lot

How to sew to be beautiful? Parsley - a doll, which "constantly walks on guests." Therefore, we use only bright motley colors of fabrics, the patchworks of which are sewn in order:

• apply the pattern, we supply it with a pencil and cut out, taking into account the allowances on the seams;
• we sew the details and get a shirt;
• similarly, the cap is made on the head;
• the hand is also performed in the mittens;
• her mounting to the shirt occurs due to the inserted cylinder.

We connect the details made, we get the most expressive of folk dolls - parsley.

How else can you do it?

If the head of the papier-mache can remain the same and other doll options, then the clothes can be knitted. On puppet models, such things look particularly touching and original. You can also connect the head. Such a hero is made by crochet method in a circle with columns without Nakid.

Folk favorite doll can be sewn completely from the fabric using special patterns. Cutting each detail, sew the places of their connection. Then fill the inner cavity of the head with something soft, for example, foam rubber, cotton, hollofiber. Do not fill the shirt.

This is a comfortable place for hand, controlling the movement of the doll. To the bottom of the shirt you can sew legs made in the same way. Then, when reviving toys, the movements of the hands will be ridiculously swing, giving the image of particular expressiveness.

Do not be afraid that it will not work! Sust and see how exciting and tempting is fascinating. And the hero, resulting from such interesting work, it will not only be a pretty and cute, but also warmed by the warmth of your soul, which will share with generosity with children.

The Russian Tracter, the carrier of the folk smelting, the cute mystifier, which was incredible from anyone, Parsley has always reflected the time, so many appears changed for his story. However, under the motley outfit, a fading and suffering heart is hidden ...

Breeding Pulchineella

Oddly enough, Parsley is not an original Russian puppet theater character. His primitives can be found in different countries. In Italy, it is Pulchinell, Germany - Casper, or Hansvut, in France - Polyinistille, in England - Mr. Punch, Turkey - Karaghoes, Hungary - Vityaz Laslo, India - Vityushak. Therefore, the clothing near Parsley is ingenic: a red cap with a tassel, the same red shore, cloak and cold pants. Yes, the appearance of the doll can not be called Slavic. It is believed that it is from the Italian poplinella (translated "Cockerel") she received such an unusual appearance: large almond-shaped eyes, a huge nose with a porridge, exaggeratedly big hands and head, hump on his back. Even the face itself was dark, and the eyes are black. The widespread mouth is not a smile, it is a real grin, because Parsley was not originally positive hero. Everything else in his arms had only four fingers, which may have hinted on a dark essence.

Jester Anna Ioannovna

W. puppet Petrushki there is real prototype. Such is considered to be a beloved jester of Empress Anna Johnna Pietro-world Pedrillo. He was the son of an Italian sculptor, and to Russia, the government came to the courtyard as a musician. The wit helped him get closer to the surround of the empress, and then become a court jeaut. He had a lot of nicknames: "Adamka", "Antonio", finally, Parsley. The last name and fixed in all puppet boals.

Outdoor

Petrushka - folklore character, indispensable participant of street representations. "Led" it could only men ("Petrushes"). The voice of the doll acquired with the help of a special device - "Mainic", or "Speaker". Parsley has and full name - Peter Ivanovich Uksusov. He was also called "Samovarov" or "Vanka Ratato". Cutting statements, vulgar jokes, witty replicas - everything came down parsley from the hands, because he doll, and what to take from her? His mouth was told by the people, criticizing and showing discontent with power or clergy. Stories about the adventures of parsley quite a lot. The tie could begin with the fact that Parsley wanted to buy a horse or marry. In the course of the action, he met many characters: from Gypsy, to quarterly and clergy, whom our hero either deprived his baton, or killed. A meeting of Parsushki with death remained unchanged. And then the doll appealed to the crowd, asking for help. If the viewers liked the viewers, they threw money to actors, thereby saving parsley and demanding continuation of the presentation.

Petrushka

Over time, Parsley stopped being only an outdoor artist. It is increasingly invited to lord's houseswhere our hero loses its sharpness. He no longer kills, but only accelerates his enemies. His it is a question of being common, because as a "parshese" now does not stand street, but a cabin actor. The scene is decorated with lush drapes, and the participants themselves are changed into the atlas and brilliant tinsel, which turns the representation in the parade, theatrical one. Parsley becomes a member of children's matinees, thereby turning into a children's character. Moreover, due to the scene theatrical, our hero of glovety doll is transformed into a puppet and now often performs precisely in this form.

Comrade Petrushka

IN soviet time The doll goes down from the scene, becomes a hero literary Pieces. Now Parsley, losing the frivolism of the plots, agitates for sanitary hygiene, or participates in the charge of the outstand. The only thing that remains from the former parsley is accusatory. He reveals and condemns the loans and drunks, explains the reader of the norms of social behavior. Changing the appearance of dolls. Red Camcole turns into a space or gymnaster, a cap, cap or "budenovka" appears on the head. Even once a long honeyst nose gradually shortened and first drunken, and after and at all ordinary.

"Parsley-foreigner"

To reanimate the image of Petrushki, Samuel Marshak took. In 1922, in his collection of plays appears puppet comedy "Petrushka", and in five years there is a play "Parsley-Alien". Although Marshak finally secured the image of parsley as children, but it restored the tradition of dolls in ridiculous stories. And the main thing, Parsley again becomes an accusable time, a fearless eloquent hero, challenging fate. The constant in the story remains the fact that it is and dealing to the viewer reader for help or advice.

Parsley in the "Russian seasons"

Petrushka ballet sometimes identifies the emblem of the Russian seasons, and for its creators he has become a kind of historical milestone. For Stravinsky, he designated a rise in the forefront modern musicFor Benua, he was one of the central works, for Mikhail Fokina - served as a vertex of creativity, and for Vaclav Nizhinsky, perhaps became the personnel of himself. Probably in the ballet "Parsley" tragic image The dolls revealed to the fullest. The plot resembles past adventures of street parsley. In the ballet for the first time there is a line of the dependence of parsley from its creator, the magician. The doll rises against him. Parsley no longer appeals for help to the public, but reborn as avenger. Resurrected, he threatens a fist a focuscript and makes a mocking cry. The eternal loser parsley, as always, will defend its rights and prove that in the chest a pathetic doll, a nondeshuar jester beats the human heart.

Ksenia Timoshkin

Encyclopedic YouTube.

1 / 3

✪ Parsley. Public lesson. Part one.

✪ Nestor Makhno - Parsley of the Russian Revolution

✪ glove doll. Montour from Julia.

Subtitles

The origin of the doll

The origin of this doll, which appeared in Russia in the second half of the XIX century, is not significantly clarified. Although parsley in Russia is known since the XVII century. Russian puppeteers used puppets (the theater of dolls on threads) and parsley (glove dolls). Until the XIX century, the preference was given to Parsushka, by the end of the century - puppets, since the parsley joined with their shabbers.

The appearance of parsley is not Russian: he has exaggeratedly large hands and head, hypertrophied features, it itself (carved from wood) is processed by a special vegetable liquid, which looks more dark; Large almond-shaped eyes and a huge nose with a hubber, absolutely white eyeballs and a dark rainbow shell, due to what parsley eyes seem black. The appearance of Parsley was inherited from Italian Pulchinell. Many mistakenly believe that parsley's widely opened mouth is a smile, but it is not so; Being negative Character, Parsley constantly stretches his lips in Oscala. He has four fingers on his hands (a possible symbol of the fact that Parsley is not a person, but a certain character from another world).

A typical misconception is to read Parsley as the extreme ancient and original Russian hero, it is based on its archetypic character traits, which originated in the depths human representations About Me. Petrushka is a junior relative of older: Neapolitan Pulchinella, French Polysinel, English Pancha, Turkish Karagoza, German Gansursta and Casperle, Spanish Don Cristoin and others - despite the fact that they are all theatrical puppets and are controlled by threads. The only analogue of parsley on driving techniques - Ginol-glove doll, appeared in Lyon in early XIX. century.

According to a common, but unproved version, the plays with the participation of parsley was also included in the repertoire of the crochets and consisted of humorous scenes and dialogues. Each scene portrayed a parsley fight with one character or another character (the contractions were carried out with the help of fists, sticks, etc.).

Usually the idea began with the following plot: Parsley decides to buy a horse, the musician calls the Gypsies-Baryshnik. Parsley inspects the horse for a long time and is trading with Gypsy for a long time. Then Parsushka is bored bargaining, and instead of money, he has long beats the gypsies on his back, after which he flew. Parsley is trying to sit on the horse, she drops it under the laughter of the audience. It could continue until the people are digging. Finally, the horse runs away, leaving the parsley underlying. Doctor comes and asks Parsley about his diseases. It turns out that the whole hurts. A fight takes place between Dr. and Parsushka, at the end of which parsley hits the enemy with a baton on his head. "What a doctor you are," parsley shouted, "if you ask where it hurts?" Why did you study? He must know where it hurts! " The quarter appears. - "Why did you kill the doctor?" He responds: "Then, that he knows his science badly." After interrogation, the parsley hits a bubbin quarterly on his head and kills him. Suggest a lying dog. Parsley unsuccessfully asks for help from the audience and the musician, after which he flung with a dog, promising to feed it with cat meat. The dog grabs him behind the nose and dismounts, and Parsley shouts: - "Oh, my head with a cap and a tassel!" Music is silent, which means the end of the presentation.

If the audience liked the audience, they did not let the actors, applauded, threw money, demanding continuation. Then played a little scene "Petrushkin Wedding". Petrushka lead the bride, he examined it as inspecting horseparts. He likes the bride, he does not want to wait for the wedding and begins to ask her to "sacrifice himself." From the scene, where the bride "sacrifice by himself", women left and taught children with them. According to some information, another scene enjoyed a great success in which a spiritual person was present. It did not get into any of the recorded texts, most likely, she was removed censorship. There were scenes in which Parsley did not participate. These were dancing and juggling with balls and sticks.

Petrushka won all opponents, except for one - death. In the last, final scene, death took a parsley with me. However, since Parsley was used in a boalant theater, it is natural that the view was shown repeatedly and in different places. Thus, Parsley, "Died" for one circle of spectators, "resurrected" for another. This gives a reason for researchers to carry out parallels between the parsley; and many different pagan gov, infinitely oyval and resurrected.

This is what the Parsushka Alexander Benois recalls:

In fact, the first ideas that I am amused were Petersley's performances.

I remember in any case parsley in the country, when we still lived in the guilty houses. Already published a shrill screech, laughter and some words - all this pronounced Petrushechik Through a special typewriter, which he put herself for his cheek (the same sound manages to reproduce, if you undermine your finger with both nostrils). Quietly spreads, the "musician" puts his scarmer on folding goats, bells, the monstering sounds produced by it, tune in a special and very ugly little man. He has a huge nose, and on the head a pointed hat with a red riding. He is an extraordinarily movable and whiskey, his handles are tiny, but he squeabulates very expressively, he crushed his own thin legs through the screen of Shirma. Immediately parsley dies with a shaman with stupid and bold questions ...

Parsley cares for terribly ugly aculina Petrovna, he makes her an offer, she agrees and both commit the birth of a wedding walk, tightly holding a hand. But it is an opponent - this is brave preoccupied city, and Akulin apparently gives him preference. Parsley in rage beats a guardian of order, for which he gets into soldiers. But the soldier's doctrine and discipline are not given to him, he continues to infuse and, about horror, kills his Untera. There is an unexpected intermedia. Neither of course, two, in bright suits of smashed, black acraises. Everyone in the hands of a stick, which they deftly throw up, throw each other and, finally, is ringing with each other on wooden tanks. Intermedia ended. Again on Shirma parsley. He became even twirling, even more moving, he enters into bold compilation with a sharperman, squealing, giggles, but immediately comes a rocky junction. Suddenly, next to the parsley appears assembled in the shaggy lounge. Petrushka it is extremely interested. Hensoor he asks the musician what it is, the musician responds: "These are lamb." Petrushka delighted, strokes the "scientist, urinary" lamb and sits on him with riding. "Barashek" pounding two, three rounds on board shirma, but then unexpectedly drops it, straightens and, oh horror, it's not lamb at all, and the damn itself. Horned, all overgrown with black hair, with a hooked nose and a long red tongue sticking out of the tooth pasta. Damn Bods Parsley and ruthlessly Trepal him, so the handles and legs dangle in all directions, and then drags him into hell. Once again, the three miserable body of parsley takes off from some bowels high, high, and then only his death cry hears and "terrible" silence comes ...

The life of the artist. Memories. Volume 2. Alexander Benoit

In the XX and XXI century

At the beginning of the 20th century, the "comedy about Parsushka" begins to collapse. Petrushes began to appear on children's holidays and new Year's Christmas treeThe text of the scenes changed, losing its sharpness. Parsley stopped killing. He swung the baton and accelerate his enemies. He spoke politely, and "wedding" modified, turning into a dance with the bride. The coarse common speech disappeared, and together with her and the individuality of the hooligan-Balaguore, on which the old and young fled.

Separate elements of the traditional "comedy about parsley" (in particular, free "Rysense" verse) were used by S. Ya. Marshak in the play for children's Theater. "Petrushka-foreigner" (1927).

Nowadays, Anatoly Arkhipov is one of the last parseshnikov in Russia, perfectly knowing the secrets of an old folk booze presentation. He is the creator of the Family Theater "Petrushkin Sloboda" in the Moscow region of Mytishchi.

But still, folk character Parsley finds a place and in modern context. In 2014, the group of authors of the Moscow Theater of the Poets in its own way interpreted the acute character of parsley, having endured him in the gift of poetic prophecy. So the poet parsley appeared.

Today, he became a sign figure of television fleets of the NTV channel, where he regularly enjoys increasingly popular audiences.

(See, in particular, the program "International Piloram". Category "Poet-Parsley")

see also

• Pedrillo is one of the probable prototypes of parsley character.
• Ginol - Punching Type Fair Frame
• Parsley in war - performance
• Parsley (Theater) - Modern Moscow Theater
• Nastya, Nastya - Fairy Tale

Notes

Literature

• Czechoveser O. History of the Folk Puppet Theater in Asia and Europe // Pereshkin Theater - M. - L.: "Gosizdat" 1927
• Parsley. Street Theater.. - M., 1918
• Simonovich-Efimova N. Ya. Scrapbooks of parsley. - M. - L., 1925
• Goldovsky B. P. Dolls. Encyclopedia. - M.: Time, 2004
• Smirnova N. I. Soviet Theater. Dolls 1918-1932. - M., 1963

Links

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 tons. (82 t. And 4 extra). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Parsley is not a simple toy. Peter Petrovich Uksusov // Klopp.ru

Merry, looting, sacrificed, cutty ... This puppet character is difficult not to know: for several centuries, Parsley causes almost nationwide love. He became a strangement, but recognizable symbol Russian puppet theater, and his name to this day is used as a nominal, and also as a term describing a whole group of theatrical dolls.

Character parsley

Petrushka is a leading character of a folk puppet theater, a massac of a criteracy and a fegated hero. The nature of the head, bold and minimally to all the characters on the stage, often parsley throws a brave challenge to representatives of power, for example, gendarm (policeman in tsarist Russia), and also rizes the characters, both from simple and from the upper estates. At the end of eloquent colloquial action, it is capable of applying its baton, a frequent attribute of his representations. His courage and energetic character very loved simple peoplewho came to the festive fairs and at the same time to see the presentation of the Balagano Theater.

The appearance in the Russian People's Theater

Whoever spoke, but Parsley was and remains angry with Russian puppet Character. Let it compare with the Italian Pulchinella, the French Polyiniel, English Panch, laying on the shelves. All similar signs of characters - the recognition of parsley and people's love It is not a hindrance to him.

(scene of the wedding parsley)

Of course, serious historical studies of the pedigree parsley, of course, was not carried out. First official description This doll gave the famous German scientific researcher Adam Olairi, which was committed in 1633-1634 and 1635-1639 for two long journeys on mysterious Muscovy.

Presumably, the creators of parsley were Russian crumbs - stray actors that arrange street performances. The scomerous subculture existed in Russia from the XI century to the 18th century, later by giving way to the Balagans and Rayakh, who continued to keep the traditions of the steros, and then handed them with puppet theaters.

And just the XVI century turned out to be the most difficult: they were subjected to severe persecons from state and church authorities. During this period, the highest decrees that categorically forbidden a scenery were published twice. In response to the pressure from above the living actors in street performances, dolls were replaced, the brightest of which was precisely parsley. By the way, all his foreign "colleagues" appeared at about the same time.

Collective image, loved by the people

(Images of parsley on the modern scene: 1) visits working 2) policeman)

In the image of parsley, the features are harmoniously intertwined national Character. In essence, he is the quintessence of the Russian mentality. Responsible, acute in the tongue, fearless, helping to enthusiasm justice, carrier and winning evil - this is the way you can characterize the image of this puppet character.

(Scenes: 3) Russian wife 4) African bride)

The appearance of parsley over long decades has repeatedly undergone changes. However, some of their peculiarities he carried through the century almost unchanged. For example, Parsley remained a riding doll, and not a puppet - his doll is below the action unfolding on the scene. Long hooked nose, a sinic smile, high voice, bright judovo outfit - these attributes also passed through the century.

Over time, the character of the character began to change, and already in a modern puppet theater from the advocacy of justice, a lucky fighter against evil and recklessly, a funny Balaguar, Parsley turns into a bright and charismatic leading restaurant of children's puppet ideas.