Old gods of Slavs. Ancient Slavic pagan gods

24 128

The Slavic people are considered in the history of relatively young. Under his own name, they are first mentioned in writing sources from 6th century. For the first time, the name of the Slavs in the form of Oxhabnvos we meet near Pseudo-Caesarius around 525. Currently, the Rodinal Slavs is recognized as an area that stretches north of the Carpathians. But at the nearest definition of its borders, scientists differ very significantly among themselves.
The problems of the origin and resettlement of Slavs still remains discussion, but numerous studies of historians, archaeologists, anthropologists, ethnographers and linguists make it possible to draw up a common picture of the early history of the eastern Slavic peoples.

In the middle of 1 millennium AT. At the common territory of Eastern Europe, from Lake Ilmen to the Black Sea steppes and the East Carpathians to the Volga, the East Slavic tribes have developed. Historians have about 15 such tribes. Each tribe was a combination of labor and then occupied a relatively small separate area.

According to the "Tale of Bygone Years", the map of the settlement of the Eastern Slavs in 8-9 centuries. It looked like this: Slovenia (Ilinskie Slavs) lived on the shores of Ilmensky Lake and Mag. Crivichi with Polochany - in the upper reaches of Western Dvina, Volga and Dnieper; Dregovichi - between Pripyat and Berezina; Vyatichi - on OK and Moscow River; Radmichi - on the Sovereign and G. Northene - on the Desna, Sejm, Sulu and the Northern Donets; Drevlyan - at Pripyat and in the middle of the subway; Polyana - by the average flow of the Dnieper; Buzhana, Volynian, dulaby - on Volyn, in Bugu; Tiver, the street is in the south, in the Black Sea and the Danube. The group of Eastern Slavs includes: Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians.

Slavs bred cattle and pigs, as well as horses, engaged in hunting and fishing. In everyday life, Slavs widely used the so-called ritual calendar associated with agrarian magic. It marked the days of the spring-summer agricultural season from the germination of seeds to the harvest and the days of pagan pages about the rain in four different timing were highlighted. These four rains were considered optimal for the Kyiv region and in the agronomic manuals of the late 19th century, which testified to the presence of Slavs 4 in. Reliable agrotechnical observations.

The pagans looked at the life of a person with a purely material side: under the domination of physical strength, a man was a weak creature in the most unhappy, and again, such a person was considered a fellow of compassion. The religion of the Eastern Slavs is amazingly similar to the original religion of the Aryan tribes: it was in worship by physical deities, the phenomena of nature and souls of the deceased, generic home-based geniuses. But the traces of the heroic element, so much developing anthropomorphism, we do not notice from the Slavs, and this may mean that there were no conquering squads under the entry of the leaders - heroes and that their resettlement was made in the generic, and not in a double form.

East Slavic paganism on the eve of the creation of Kiev Rus and its further coexistence with Christianity reflected in a large number of materials that are sources for studying it. This is, first of all, genuine and precisely dated archaeological materials that reveal the very essence of the pagan cult: idols of the gods, sanctuary, cemeteries without external ground signs ("Fields of burials", "Fields of Irget Urn"), as well as with the preserved embankments of the ancient Kurgans. In addition, these are visited in the mounds, in the treasures and simply in the cultural layers of cities, diverse products of applied arts saturated with archite pacery symbols. Of these, women's decorations are of the greatest value, which are often in the winding complexes with wedding headsets and, because of this, especially saturated with magical spells and amules - overalls.

A peculiar, but very poorly studied residue of the pagan side are the numerous names of the tract: "Holy Mountain", "Bald Mountain" (witches location), "Holy Lake", "Holy Grove", "Paint", "Volosovo", etc.

Bald Mountain:

Very important source, are evidence of contemporaries listed in the chronicles, or in specially recorded learning against paganism.
About one and a half centuries, Kievan Rus was a state with a pagan system, often opposing the penetration of Christianity. In Kievan Rus IX - X centuries. The influential estate of priests ("Volkhvov"), who managed the rites that retained the long-lasting mythology and developed a well-thought-out agrarian-spell symbolism.

In the era of Svyatoslav, in connection with the warriors with Byzantium, Christianity became a persecution of religion, and the paganism was reformed and opposed to the penetration of Christianity: the so-called "Vladimir Pantheon" was, on the one hand, the answer to Christianity, and on the other - approval of the Prince of Power and The rule of the class of warriors - feudalists.

Implementation of general ritual actions ("Cathedrals", "Events"), organization of ritual actions, sanctuary and grandiose prince mounds, compliance with the calendar timing of a year-old ritual cycle, storage, execution and creative replenishment of the Fund of mythological and ethical lesions required a special priest ("Magi" , "Corrod", "Oblasts", "Long", "Pokets", etc.).

Through the century after the baptism of Russia, the Magi could, in some cases, to attract an entire city to their side to counter the prince or the bishop (Novgorod). Greek Christianity found in the 980s in Russia is not a simple village sign, but a significantly developed pagan culture with his mythology, a pantheon of the main deities, priests, in all likelihood, with its pagan chronicle 912 - 980.

The strength of the pagan representations in Russian feudal cities of the Middle Ages is, first of all, from numerous church teachings. Directed against pagan robes and held in the cities of pagan rites and festivals, and secondly, from the pagan symbolism of applied art, generally desired not only ordinary people of urban pans, but also the highest, princely circles (valves of the 1230s). In the second half of the XII, the pagan element was still fully affected.

In Slavic religious beliefs, there was a hierarchy inherent in many peoples who entered several gods. A peculiar pantheon of the gods was both the ancient Slavs.

Pantheon Slavic gods:

The most ancient supreme male deity from Slavs was a genus.

Already in Christian teachings against the panel of the XII-HSH centuries. About the way they write as God who worshiped all nations. The genus was the God of Heaven, thunderstorms, fertility. He was told about him that he was going on the cloud, rain moon to Earth, and children were born. He was the Lord of the Earth and all the living, was the pagan God-Creator. In Slavic languages, the root "Rod" means kinship, birth, water (spring), profit (harvest), such concepts as the people and their homeland, in addition, he means red and zipper, especially a ball called "Rhodium". This variety of single-colored words, undoubtedly, proves the greatness of the pagan God.

All Slavic gods, who entered the ancient pagan pantheon, shared on the gods of solar and the gods of functional.
The solar gods were four: horch, Yarilo, Dazhbog and Svarog.

Dazhibogog.

Functional gods: Perun - Patron of Lightning and Warriors; SEMARGL - God of death, the image of the Holy Heavenly Fire; Veles - Black God, Lord of the Dead, Wisdom and Magic; Striboga is the god of the wind.

The Slavs since ancient times noted the change of the seasons and the shift of the phases of the sun. Therefore, every time of year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) was responsible for His God (Khorc, Yarilo, Dazhibog and Svarog), especially revered throughout the season.
God Horsu worshiped between the Winter and Spring Solstice (from December 22 to March 21); Yarile - between the Spring and Summer Solstice (from March 21 to June 22); Dazhibogu - in the period between the summer and autumn solstices (from June 22 to September 23); God welded - between the autumn and winter solstices (from September 23 to December 22).
For the designation of the share, good luck, happiness Slavs used the word "God" common to all the Slavs. Take, for example, "rich" (having God, share) and "poor" (opposite meaning). The word "God" was part of the names of various deities - Dazhibogog, Chernobog, etc. Slavic examples and evidence of the other most ancient Indo-European mythologies allow to see in these names the reflection of the ancient layer of mythological representations of Praslavan.

All mythological creatures responsible for this or that spectrum of human life can be divided into three main levels: the highest, medium and lowest.

So, at the highest level, the gods, whose "functions" are most important for Slavs and who participated in the most common legends and myths. These include such deities, like Svarog (Striboga, Sky), Earth, Welmer (Kids Svarog and Earth - Perun, Dazhbog and Fire).

At the eve, there were deities associated with economic cycles and seasonal rites, as well as gods that embodied the integrity of closed small groups, such as Chur in the Eastern Slavs. To this level, it was possible that most of the women's deities were also related to a somewhat less modified person than the gods of the highest level.

At the lowest level there are beings that were less like to man than the gods of the highest and middle level. These include houses, leshes, mermaids, gaps, banners (banques), etc.

Kimikora

Baennik

When worshiping, Slavs tried to observe certain rituals, which were thought of how they thought, not just to receive what they were asked about, but also not to offend spirits, and even defend themselves if there was a need.
Some of the first to whom the Slavs originally began to bring victims, began to become Gups and Beregini. Somewhat later, they "began to the meal of stagnation" the genus and women in labor - Lada and Lelle. Subsequently, the Slavs prayed mainly to Perun, however, keeping faith in other gods.

Cult of the genus and fencers
Lada

Lelia, Daughter Lada

The beliefs themselves had a system determined by living conditions in which this or that Slavic tribe was provided.

The ancestors of Slavs until the end of the century were pagans: the faith of Christian did not know and worshiped the deified forces of nature and the souls of the deceased.
The Kapic is the place of worship of the gods of the ancient Slavs. The Kapachche - the Old Slavic Word, which means the space of the pagan temple, located for the altar, and intended for the installation of caps (statues depicting gods) or other sacred objects.

Kapic

Ghouls are vampires, fantastic creatures, werewolves, personified evil. Bereginniy, associated with the Word, protect, protect, - good, helping the man of spirits. The spiritualization of all of nature, dividing it on a kind and evil principle - very ancient ideas that have arisen still at the Hunters of the Stone Age. Various conspiracies were applied against the glory, they wore amulets - Obergerage in folk art, many ancient symbols of good and fertility were preserved, depicting those on clothes, dishes, the dwelling of an ancient man, as if drove away the spirits of evil. Such symbols include images of the sun, fire, water, plants, colors.

The cult of the genus and rolling, the deities of fertility, is associated with agriculture and reflects the later stage of the development of Slavic tribes. In addition, these deities bind to the concepts of marriage, love and childbearing. The genus was considered one of the most important deities who participated in the creation of the Universe: According to the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, it is he who sends the soul from heaven to the Earth to the Children.
Rozhanitsa was two: Mother and daughter. Mother binds to the Slavs with the periods of summer fertility, when the harvest matures and heavy. She was Lada's name. With him in Russian, many words and concepts are connected, and they all have a relation to the establishment of order: Lady, establish, cute, okay; Ladushka, Lada - affectionate appeal to the spouse. Previously, the wedding conspiracy was called "Ladins". Lada was also considered the mother of twelve months, which is divided into a year.
Lelia is the daughter of the Lada, the youngest woman in labor. Lelia is the goddess of the vigorous spring sprouts, first colors, young femininity, tenderness. Hence the careful attitude towards someone is transmitted to the word "cherish." Slavs believed that it was Lelia who cares about the spring shoots - the future crop.
Later, after the baptism of Russia, Rovenits equated to the Christian Virgin.

The cult of Perun, the god thunderstorm, war and weapons arose relatively late due to the development of a druzen, military element of society. Perun, or as it was also called Perun-Magnifier, it was the Slavs of the Armed Warrior, rushing on the Golden Chariot, shaped with the camp of the stallions, white and black. A miraculous power attributed to the arms of Perun - since ancient times. So, the ax with the symbolic image of the sun and thunder, wasted in the door jamb, was an insurmountable obstacle for evil spirits, seeking to penetrate the human dwelling. Another symbol of Perun is a "thunder sign", similar to a wheel with six knitting. Its image was often reproduced on the shields of Slavic warriors. PERUN was devoted to the animal - a wild tour, a huge forest bull.
After baptism of the Slavs, many properties of Perun "handed over" to Ilya-Prophet, one of the most revered Christian saints.

Dazhibogu was at the Public Slavs by the God of the Sun. His name is not from the word "rain", as sometimes mistakenly thinking, it means "giving God", "the submitter of all benefits." Slavs believed that Dazhiboga rides the sky in a wonderful chariot, harvested by a four white fire horses with gold wings. And sunlight comes from a fiery shield that Dazhbog takes with me. Twice a day - in the morning and in the evening - he crosses the ocean-sea on the roaster, which the geese, ducks and swans are pulling. Therefore, the Slavs attributed special strength to the champions-talismans in the form of a clarification with a horse's head.
Morning and evening dawns were considered a sister and brother, and the morning dawn was the sun in his wife. Every year, during the great holiday of the summer solstice Ivan Kupala (Orthodox Ivanov Day) solemnly celebrated their marriage.
Slavs considered the Sun of the Okom, which strictly looks at the morality of people, for compliance with laws. And the sacred sign of the Sun from time immemorial was ... Cross! Pour, looking at the sun, - and you will see it. That is why the Christian cross, so similar to the oldest pagan symbol and passed so fast in Russia.
The Svarog was the Slavs God of the sky, the father of all that is. Legend says that the Svarog presented to people the very first plow and blacksmith pliers, taught to pay copper and iron. In addition, Svarog set the very first laws for the human community.
Mankos - Earth - personifies the feminine beginning of nature and is spawy's wife. The expression of the mother - the Earth, the modern version of the name of the ancient Slavic goddess, so far with respect and love is pronounced by the Russian man.
Fire - Welsh, was the son of Svara and Makoshi. In ancient times, the fire was truly the center of the world in which the whole life of man was held. The unclean force did not bother to get closer to the fire, but the fire was able to clear something defiled.
The fire witnessed the oaths, and where did the Russian custom from jumping from the fire: it was thought if the guy and a girl could fly over a flame without breaking his hands, then their love was destined to long life. By the way. The true name of the fire of fire was so sacred that he did not utter aloud, replacing allegoryrs. Apparently, so it did not reach us, in any case, scientists do not have a consensus on this.
The name was forgotten, but the signs associated with fire were not forgotten. Russian Swaha, who came to match the bride, at any time of the year pulled his hands to the furnace: thereby calling fire to the allies. A newlywed young husband solemnly lost three times around the hearth, asking for a happy life of a happy life and a lot of healthy children.
Yaril was in the ancient Slavs God fertility, breeding and physical love. It is this side of love that poets are called "the passion of the Cupping", and was in the "jurisdiction" of the Slavic God of Yarily. He was represented by a young, beautiful man, fermented in love with a fiance.
Snake - hair (Velez) in Slavic pagan mythology is a divine opponent of Perun. It was embodied by the forces of primitive chaos, a brown, disordered, uninhabited nature, often hostile to an ancient person, but in essence it is not angry. And with them and animal instincts of the person himself, the part of our personality, which does not know the words "necessary", only "want". But there is nothing wrong with that, you just need to keep your passions in obedience.
According to the legends, God-Snake combines a shaggy and scales in his appearance, flies with the help of aused wings, can exhale fire, although the fire itself (especially zipper) is very afraid. Snake - Veles Large Milk Lover, hence his second name - TsMOG (was able), that in Staroslavlyanka means Suskin.
Pagan Slavs worshiped both divine opponents - and Perun and Snake. Only Perun's sanctuary were in high places, and the sanctuary of Veles - in lowlands. Some legends allow you to think that the sterin-dried, driven into the dungeon - hair began to respond to terrestrial fertility and wealth.

The "secondary" deities were those who lived side by side with a man helped him, and sometimes prevented, in different economic affairs and everyday worries. Unlike the main deities whom no one has ever seen, these are quite commonly shown to man on the eyes. On these cases, the Slavs have a huge number of legends, legends, fairy tales, and even eyewitness stories, starting with deep antiquity to our times.

Here are some of these deities: house, ointler, jannik, yard, wildfather and semi-sided, water, led.

The house is the soul of the house, the patron saint of the structure and people living in it. The construction of the house was for the ancient Slavs fulfilled the deepest sense, because the person was likened to be the gods created by the Universe. Huge importance was attached to the selection of the time of start of work, the choice of space and building materials. This is how, for example, trees were chosen. Squeezing was not suitable, because they cries the soul of a tortured person, they did not want to dried on the root - there are no vitality in them, which means people in the house will be sick.
Cutting the trees, the pagan Slavs voved in front of wood souls, expelled from the trunks, and he himself fasted for a long time and performed cleansing rites. But the ancient Slav was still not fully confident that the condensed trees would not begin to take revenge, and in order to protect himself with the so-called "building sacrifices". The skull of a horse or a bull was buried under the red (oriental) angle of the house, which was placed by carved sculptures of the gods, and later - icons. And from the soul of the murdered animal itself and there was a house.
The house was arranged to live in the underground, under the stove. He appeared in the form of a little old man, like a face like a family chapter. By moral, he is the eternal trouble, grumbling, but caring and kind. People tried to support good relations with the houses, take care of him as an honorary guest, and then he helped keep the house in order and warned about the threatening misfortune. Moving from the house to the house, the house is always invited to move with the family with the help of a selection.
Living next to a man's house is the kindest of the "small" deities. And immediately behind the threshold of the "his" heaven, the world becomes more and more strangers and hostile.

House

The yard - the owner of the courtyard - was considered a little less friendly than the house. Ories - the owner of the Ovina - even less, and a banner, the spirit of Bani, standing at all on the severity, on the edge of the yard, and even beyond it - it is simply dangerous. For this reason, believers consider the bath - a symbol seemingly purity - "unclean." In ancient times, the word "unclean" meant not something sinful, bad, but just less sacred, more affordable by the action of evil forces.

About the banner and today they tell a lot of terrible stories. It appears in the form of a tiny, but very strong old man, naked, with a long coated with mold beard. His evil will is attributed to fainting and accidents sometimes occurring in the bath. The favorite entertainment of the banner is to peel the washable boiling water, split the stones in the stove-Kamenka and "shoot" them in people. Maybe he is to drag into a hot stove and contemplate the skin of the skin from the living. However, you can blame with him. Knowing people always leave a native of a good couple, fresh brooms and pure lochs. And never caught each other - the junik does not endure, angry. And if I got under the arm of the jannik, it is necessary to run out of the bath and call on the face of the ointler or the house: "Battyushka, reversing! .."

When they began to clear the forests and swallow the lands under the fields and pastures, the new land, of course, immediately acquired with their own "small" deities -Poles. In general, a lot of beliefs are connected with the bread field and will accept. So, before the last century, the division of crops on the "men's" and "female" surrounds. For example, only men, almost donagged and carrying the sowing grain in special bags burned from old pants, sowed bread-lives. Thus, they would like a "sacred marriage" with a plowed field, and not a single woman at the same time. But the repa was considered a "female" culture. And women sowed it, too, almost naked, trying to convey the earth part of their child strength.
Sometimes people met the old man in the field, unspoken looks and donel snub. An old man asked for a passerby to lose his nose. And if the man did not disappear, in his hand he suddenly turned out to be a silver wallet, and the elderly feller disappeared. Thus, our ancestors expressed a simple idea that the land generously gifts only those who are not afraid to fall out.

The working day in the villages began early, but the midday heat was better to wait. There was an ancient Slavs a special mythical creature, which strictly looked after, so that no one worked. This is a half-one. She was represented by a girl in a long white shirt or the opposite - the rustic terrible old woman. The semi-trivial seeds were afraid: for non-compliance, she could have punished, and severely - now we call it a sun blow.

The forest began behind the housing fence of ancient Slavic. This forest determined the whole way of life. In the pagan times, in the Slavic house made of wood, they were literally all, from the very dwelling to spoons and buttons. And besides, the forest gave game, berries and mushrooms in a huge variety. But besides the benefits given to a person, the wild forest always tired a lot of mysteries and fatal hazards. Walking into the forest, whenever it was necessary to be ready to meet with his owner - Lesus. "Lesje" in the Old Slavonic language means "Forest Spirit".

The appearance of the Leshell change. It can appear a giant, above the highest trees, and can hide behind a small bush. Leshy like a person, only his clothes are smelled of the opposite, on the right side. The hair of Leshego long gray-green, there is no eyelashes, no eyebrows on the face, and the eyes like two emeralds - burn green fire.
Leshel can bypass around a careless person, and that long will rush inside the magic circle, unable to cross the closed trait. But the left, like everyone else, nature knows how to give good for good. And only one thing is necessary for him: so that the man, entering the forest, respected the forest laws, did not harm the forest. And the loose will be very pleased, if you leave him somewhere on the hemp of delicacies, which in the forest does not grow, the pie, gingerbread, and say aloud thanks for the mushrooms and berries.
There is such an expression in Russian to "be married near the Rakitoy bush". It means civil, i.e. Not executed official marriage between a man and a woman. So the Russian language retained the memory of the oldest pagan marriages, concluded from the water, near the sacred trees - Rakit. Water, as one of the sacred elements, was considered a witness to the unrealistic oath.

Water deities was a water - mythical inhabitant of rivers, lakes and streams. Water was represented in the form of a naked stupid old man, a spray, with a fish tail. Spring water, sprinkled by Spring Water, because Spring, according to legends, arose from the blow of the lightning of Perun - the strongest deity. Such keys were called "grazing" and it was preserved in the name of many sources.

So, water - like other natural essences - was for Slavic pagans, the original good, friendly elements. But, as all of the elements required her handle on "you". Could eat and drown, destroy anything. Could demand victims. Could wash off the village, set by "without demand" from Water - we would say now, without knowing local hydrology. That is why water often performs in the legends as a creature, a hostile person. Apparently the Slavs, like experienced forest inhabitants, were afraid to get lost all the same less than drown, so water in the tales looks more dangerous than Leshego.

And in all this sincerely believed the ancient Slavs.

Sacred trees
The sacred trees and sacred groves, "hebs" and "groves" on the terminology of medieval scribes were not enough to be mentioned in historical sources.

One of the revered trees was birch, with which a number of spring rituals and dance songs are associated. It is possible that Birch was devoted to the Bereginy, the spirits of good and fertility. Ethnographers collected a lot of information about the "curling" of young birchings, about spring ritual processions under the bound branches of Berez. The fired birch in the semit (the ancient date - June 4) served as an personification of some female deity and was the center of all seven rituals. The trees involved in the pagan ritual were generously decorated with ribbons and embroidered caviar cavities.

Embroidery in the Ubolls contained the image of those goddesses, which were made in this duration and sacrifices were made: the figures of Makoshi and two guides (mother and daughters) of the Lada and Lada, praying in the "swallows", in the "Drevakh" can be functionally stronged by the later church deity, where The temple corresponded to the Grove or Polyana in the forest, the frescoes of deities - separately readable trees (or idols), and icons - images of Makoshi and Lada in the Ubolls.

The trees located near the springs, sources, crinic, enjoyed special reverence, since here it was possible to contact the vegetative force of the "grove" and to the living water of the key of the key.

From the cult of birch and trees growing in student, the cult of oak is significantly different. Oak - Tree of Zeus and Perun, the steadfast and most durable tree, - firmly entered the system of Slavic pagan rituals. Slavic Praodina was in the zone of growing oak, and belief related to it should be ascended to deep antiquity.

Up to the XVII - XIX centuries. Oak and Dubrava retained the primary place in rituals.

Ferry Divities
In the distant era, when the main occupation of Slavs was hunting, and not agriculture, they believed that wild animals were their progenitors. Slavs considered them mighty deities that should be worshiped. Each tribe had her totem, i.e. The sacred animal to whom the tribe worshiped. Several tribes were considered to be a wolf and worshiped him as a deity. The name of this beast was sacred, it was forbidden to pronounce loudly, so instead of the "wolf" they were talked, and they called "Lutchi".

During the winter solstice, the men of these tribes put on wolf skins, which symbolized the conversion into wolves. So they communicated with animal ancestors, who asked forces and wisdom. The wolf was considered a powerful defender of the tribe, the elder of evil spirits. The pagan priest, which made the protective rituals, was also dressed in the animal skull. With the adoption of Christianity, the attitude towards the pagan priests has changed, and therefore the word "Volkodlak" (i.e., closed in a lump - wolf skin) began to call an evil washed, later "Volkodlak" turned into a "Vurdalak".

The host of the pagan forest was the Bear - the strongest beast. He was considered a defender from any evil and a patron of fertility - it was with the spring argument of the bear ancient Slavs associated the offensive of spring. Up to the twentieth century Many peasants kept in the houses of a bearish paw as a talisman-guard, who should defend its owner from diseases, witchcraft and all kinds of trouble. Slavs believed that the bear was endowed with great wisdom, almost all the time: the name of the beast swore, and the hunter had a violated an oath was doomed to death in the forest.

Myth about the bear is the owner of the forest and the powerful divine - preserved in fairy tales. The true name of this beast deity was so sacred that was not uttered in hearing and therefore did not reach us. The bear is a nickname of a beast, meaning "underwent", in the word "Berg" preserved and more ancient root - "EP" i.e. "Brown" (Berloga - Bere's Lair). A pretty long bear was honored as a sacred beast, and even much later hunters were still not solved to pronounce the word "bear".

From the herbivores in the hunting era, the deer (Losikha) is most revealed - the oldest Slavic goddess of fertility, sky and sunlight. In contrast to the real deer, the goddess thought his horned, her horns were a symbol of sun rays. Therefore, the deer horns were considered a powerful faith from any nightness and attached either over the entrance to the hut or inside the housing. By the name of the horns - "Soka" - deer and elk were often called silent. The echoes of the myths about heavenly loses serve the popular names of constellations - a large and small bear - Eloc and Losenok.

Heavenly goddess - deermen - sent newborns on the ground, bold, like rain, from clouds.

Among the pets, the Slavs most of all revered the horse, because the once ancestors of the majority of the peoples of Eurasia led a nomadic lifestyle, and in the appearance of a golden horse running around the sky, the sun seemed to them. Later there was a myth about the God of the Sun, riding the sky on the chariot. The image of the sun-horse is preserved in the decoration of the hut, crowned with a skate, image of one or two horse heads. Amulet with an image of a horse head or just Horseshoe, like other solar symbols were considered a powerful guard.

Manoidful Divities
Over time, the person was more freed from fear of the world in front of the world, and the animal features in the images of the deities gradually began to give way to human. The owner of the forest from the bear has turned into a cosmot Lesgo with horns and legs, but still resembling a person. Lesme, the patron of hunt, was left on the pnen the first mined game. It was believed that he could bring out of the head of the travelers from the forest, but if he was angry, it could, on the contrary, to make a person in school and destroy.

With the adoption of Christianity, the slave, like other spirits of nature, began to be perceived hostile.

The deities of moisture and fertility among the Slavs were mermaids and forks, making dew on the fields from magical horns. They talked about them, how about the girls winches flying from heaven, how about the mistresses of the wells and streams, how about the Mavels-drowns, the way, as the shepherds running at noon along the bread fields and the power of the coole.

For popular beliefs, in the short summer nights, the mermaids go out of their underwater shelters, swinging on the branches, and if they meet a man, they can rocked to death or enthusiastically be at the bottom of the lake.

Divine - Monsters
The most Grozny was considered the lord of the underground and underwater world - snakes. Snakes - a powerful and hostile monster - found in the mythology of almost anyone. The ancient representations of Slavs about the snake are preserved in fairy tales.
The Northern Slavs worshiped the snake - the lord of the groundwater - and called his lizard. The shrine of the lizard was located on the swamps, the shores of the lakes and rivers. The coastal shrines of the lizard had an ideal round shape - as a symbol of perfection, the order was contrasted with the destructive strength of this God. As victims, Yaschir threw in the swamp of black chickens, as well as young girls, which was reflected in many believe.

All Slavic tribes that enjoyed the Yaskar, considered him the absorber of the sun, daily the evening shine falls outside the world and the underground river floats to the east. The river is flowing inside the double-headed lizard, swallowing the sun with its Western seal and an extinguishing from East. About antiquity of myth says that the lizard is not hostile to the sun: he returns the luminaire voluntarily.

Snake

The custom to sacrifice the underwater god of a person very long existed in the north in the transformed form: so, on Onega still at the beginning of the twentieth century. The old people did the scarecrow and in the hole boat sent to the lake where it was tonulous. Another victim, brought by Yaschera, was the horse, which first was picked up by the entire village, and then treated.

With the transition to agriculture, many myths and religious representations of the hunting era were modified or forgotten, the stiffness of the ancient rites softened: the sacrifice of a person was replaced by the sacrifice of the horse, and later stuffed. Slavic gods of agricultural pores are brighter and kind to man.

Calendar holidays and rituals
Calendar holidays and rites of Slavs were closely related to economic (and therefore vital) interests of the peasant, therefore their dates are largely due to agricultural seasons. In addition, the annual festive cycle could not not be determined by the most important astronomical dates associated, as a rule, with the movement of the Sun.
A significant part of the general Slavonic holidays was associated with the cult of ancestors. From ancient times to today's days (in particular, East Slavic peoples), the custom of visiting the cemeteries and graves of parents to Radonitz, a semit (in front of the Trinity) and Dmitrievskaya Parental Saturday was preserved. The same ancient are customs of meals on the grave, alcohol and leaving meals on the grave for the dead man. Until recently, the remnants of pagan memorial customs were preserved and in other Christian holidays, such as the shints, Maslenitsa and the Great Thursday. In the shields, in connection with the winter time, the cemetery did not attend, and remembered the ancestors of the house. In the Great Thursday, Bani was treated for ancestors (so that they werehed) and burned fires at the gate (so that they were sneaking). As a rule, the memorial holidays were timed to the ruble periods of the year - solstices and equinons. Apparently, the gates between the world of the living and the world of the dead were opened in this borderline, through which the souls of the dead came to the world. They visited their descendants, and they had to properly meet them - warm, wash, drink and feed. The souls of the ancestors could bless, and they could and send unhappiness - everything depended on how they would meet, so it was so important to read the ancestors.
The dead ancestors, as resting in the ground, in the afterlife, were contacted in the consciousness of a person from Earth, so it was from the blessing of ancestors a lot of future crop depended. For example, the carnival is connected with the idea of \u200b\u200bfertility, and with the cult of ancestors - it was them that they were dedicated to the competition (run, fist fighting, taking a snowy town) and the main food on the carnival, and the memorial - pancakes. The fertility of the Earth and the fertility of cattle, as the main economic interests of the peasant, was given special attention to his holidays and rites. In Vasiliev Evening (New Year's Eve), ritual food was prepared - piglets or sheep legs, baked cookies in the form of livestock ("Kozulki") - the goal of all this was to attract fertility and well-being for livestock. The same goal, as well as the safety of cattle, served numerous rituals of Yurian Spring Day, when the first pasture of livestock was committed.

Scarecrow Maslenitsa
The fertility of the Earth contributed to numerous rituals with stuffed, portraying various ritual characters - is Maslenitsa, Yaril, Kostroma, Kostrónko. The ritual included, as a rule, honoring and revered the stuffed, walking with him through the streets, accompanied by fun, and then wires - funeral, burning or toughing. Apparently, the scarecrow was the figration and fertility, and the rituals of his wires had to inform these fertility to the Earth - especially since such rituals were carried out almost always in spring or early summer.
In the seed and the Trinity week, the role of the stuffed was performed by Trinity (Semitskaya) Birch, with which almost the same rites were held - decorated it, worshiped and honored, fir under the birch of ritual food, sang songs and drove away the dances, they guarded the branches, held the rite of "kumny" They wore around the village and finally broke and spread the branches on the field - the goal of all these rites was to attract fertility and good harvest, as well as fertility and successful maternity, as in the case of courage. In all semitsky rituals held with birch, only girls and women participated.
In addition, rituals of rain causing (drought; in the case of the protracted rains, the ritual was aimed at achieving good weather). In the ritual, a girl was participated, as a rule, the orphan, which was called dodol or peppy. According to scientists, her name, and the image itself, apparently, is associated with the Ruzhuzhitsy Perun (maybe Dodol represented the wife of the thumbnail). She was drove in the village, decorated with flowers and watered with water, while sang songs with requests for rain nice.

Heinrich Semiradsky. Night on Ivan Pouche
One of the most important Slavic holidays was the night of Ivan Kupala. At this night, nationwide festivities were arranged - songs and dances. From the Kupal rites, it should be noted inciting and jumping through fires, swimming and skiing from the slopes of burning wheels. Often the holiday has taken a rampant character. In addition, therapeutic and magical plants were collected on the night.
According to reconstruction, Slavs had holidays dedicated to and deities as such. In particular, Perunov could have existed the day and day dedicated to Veles, which were subsequently replaced by Ilyinnaya Day and the day of memory of St. Vlasia Sevastia or Nicoline Day. However, there are no direct data on these holidays at our disposal, so their dates and content remain only reconstructions.

Wedding customs and rites
Wedding customs differed from different tribes depending on the type of marriage. Slavic pagan marriage was polygamine: In some cases, a man could have a few wives and concubines, in another - the marriage partners of women could change. The "Tale of Bygone Years" allocates two types of marriage and wedding rites in Slavic tribes, which can be called patriarchal and matriarch.

Patriarchal marriage:
Polyany have the custom of the fathers of their meek and quiet, shamers in front of his sterns, mothers and parents; Before mother-in-law and devices, great luck have; They have a marriage custom: not going to son-in-law for the bride, but leads it on the eve, and the next day they bring it - what they give. Such morals are described in the VI century by the Byzantine author Mauritius:

The modesty of their women exceeds all human nature, so most of them consider the death of their husband with their death and voluntarily suffer themselves, not counting the stay in possession of life.

Patriarchal marriage and polygamy are characteristic of the ancient Slavs. For example, the invoice for the bride was called in the ancient Russia "Voine", and the wedding rite is "destruction" of the groom. The ancient "destruction" is recorded by late rites of the removal of shoes with the groom and the saying "feet washing and drinking water." The bride in the cases mentioned in the chronicles has always been "brought."

Matriarchal marriage:
... and they didn't have marriages, but the girls were blocked at the water ... and we had everb, and they didn't have marriages, but the playing between the villages were arranged, and converged on these playing, at dance and all sorts of demonic songs, and Here wrapped their wives on a collusion with them: they had two and three wives.
Some information about the pre-Christian wedding rites and customs can be drawn from church teachings against paganism:

And these are creating pagans: lead the bride to the water, when they get married, drink a bowl in honor of the demons, throw rings and belts into the water.

The tradition of marriage in the water (lake, well) is confirmed by later ethnographic data - folk signs and a similar rite, which was revived in some old goods after Nikon's reforms. On the other hand, one of the final rites of the wedding can be reflected here - the test of the bride, walking with it on the water on the river or the lake. And when someone has a wedding, it is coped with tambourines, with duffers and with other demonic wonders.
And it happens and worse: a male member is made, put it in the vest and in the bowl and drink from them, and delivered, lick and kiss him.

There is no doubt that a certain phallic wedding ritual existed in ancient Russia. Obviously, the phallus was used as a magical symbol: he had to give newlyweds fertility, and earth fertility. The data of this teaching confirms the archeology - there are repeated finds of phallos carved from wood found in the ancient Russian settlements.

Feline rites and the cult of ancestors
The cult of the dead ancestors was extremely common in the Slavs with deep antiquity and up to recently. In this regard, the Slavic funeral rite interest. "The Tale of Bygone Years" describes this rite from Vyatichi:

And if anyone will die, make a TRIZNU over him. After her, there are a big fire, put a dead man and burn. After that, collecting the bones, fold them into a small vessel and put on the line at the road. So make letters and now. Curvichi and other pagans are also followed by the same.

Under the Trennaya here, apparently, there are in mind the contest in memory of the dead and in general the memorial events. The custom to leave the vessel with the bones of the dead on the posts from the roads is clarified by the later ethnographic records: the pillars in the cemeteries were considered a kind of border between alive and dead. These columns rushed the dishes used at the funeral. The columns themselves were often made with the similarity of the roof and recesses - for the convenience of the souls of the dead, which were dwelling about them. Later, cemetery columns were replaced by Orthodox crosses.

Data on the funeral rite can be learned from the chronicle story about how Olga buried her husband, Prince Igor, killed by the Ridge:

Olga sent to say Drevlyans: "Here, already coming to you. Made a lot of honey from the city where you killed my husband to shine me over the grave of him and make a TRIZNU to my husband. " They, having heard it, were brought a lot of honey, and headed. Olga with a small squad and liking came to the grave of Igor and cried about her husband. Then he commanded people to pour a large kurgan, and when they poured, ordered to make a TRIZNU. Then the rallies sat down, and Olga commanded his little ones to serve them.

From this passage, it follows that triction included the beings of honey, which the mounds were arranged over the graves (apparently, their magnitude depended on the status of the burner) and that there was a custom crying over the grave of the deceased. All this information is confirmed by ethnographic records and (about the mounds) of the archeology data. In addition to these customs in the Prologue, such an element of funeral ritual, as Bardy, is mentioned, that is, a vigil, awake next to the dead during the night, which, apparently, was committed by a significant number of people with conceiving, songs and games.

Interesting information about the funeral rite gives the chronicle story about the death of Vladimir Svyatoslavich:

At night, the platform was disassembled between the two cities, it was wrapped (Vladimir) into the carpet and launched with rods to the ground; Then, laying it on Sani, taken and put in the Church of the Holy Virgin, which he once built. Having learned about this, people agreed without a number and cried on it ...

In this case, you can observe the oldest rite - to bring the dead man, disassemble the wall. This is done with the purpose of the dead man, made by an unusual way, could not return and not disturbed alive. Another oldest rite described in this passage is the use of a sleigh for the transportation of the dead man, even despite the summer time. Sanya was used in the funeral as the most honorable, calm and solid type of transport.

There is also a common ritual food for all Eastern Slavs on commemoration - this is Casca, pancakes and Kissel. Almost all Eastern Slavic holidays are associated with the cult of deceased ancestors, which were recalled in the ruble moments of the year - on the saggers, in pure Thursday and Radonitz, in a semit and in front of Dmitry Day. In the days of remembering the departed for them, the baths were treated, burned fires (so that they were sneaking), left for them food on the holiday table. Saty-in-laws were the ancestors who came from the light and collected gifts. The purpose of all these actions was the problem of deceased ancestors that could bless the family, and could and cause evil - to scare, be in a dream, torment and even kill those who did not satisfy their needs.
Very common among Slavs was faith in the so-called "beddown dead". It was believed that people who did not die with their death would not calm down after death and are able to harm alive, so they were durable and revered during general commemoration.

Slavic calendar

The graphic scheme presented here shows the pantheon of the Slavic gods listed in the "Vele Checkered Book" easily fit into the seasonal calendar, reflecting the main activities of the ancestors of Slavyan: agriculture, hunting, fishing, beekeeping, as well as the main festivities, which began and ended every cycle.

In antiquity, the year at the Slavs shared for three main seasons: the period of agricultural work (spring), the time of ripening and harvesting (covered summer and autumn) and the winter. These three seasons are shown in the scheme of green, yellow and blue, which makes it possible to immediately determine which gods patronized to some kind of year and when their days were celebrated. The presence of such an archaic three-season cycle in the "velebook" indicates its authenticity. Although, as we will see further, there are already trends for the four-year division (four months in each season and four weeks in every month).

The specified three-incidence of the calendar indicates its deepest roots leaving during the Indoary community of cultures. The three-season of the year was then determined by the presentation of the ancient Indoarians about the trinity of the world (Svalog-Perun-Swamidid and the River-Right-Nava-Navalo-Ariyev and Vishnu, who created the universe through three steps - in Hindus).
According to scientists - astroargologists, by 2300 BC. The lunar benchmarks of the ancient sanctuary observatories were changed to sunny, and there was a calendar-astral tandem of Svarog and Dazhboga (a sunny sign with a taurus at the chapter). Taurus - the embodiment of Dazhbog. Since the Taurus headed the solar zodiac between 4400-1700. BC, then 2300-1700. BC. - This is the time when the Slavs began to commemorate interrelated SPEAZ-Dazhbog. At the same time, the Slavic-Aryan three-part calendar began to develop.

The fact that this calendar was known to the IX century. AD (the time of writing "Velezova"), indicates both its versatility, it can be used even now and on the deepest traditions of the continuity of the Slavic Priests of the Sun, in turn, based on the sanctuary-observatories of the ancient Aratty in the Danube-Dneprovsk region V - IV thousand BC, Zaralsky Arcaim III milk to AD. and Maidanov (Ancientindian. "Idanov").
Such observatory sanctuators that stretch along the northern border of the then farming were the Range of Indo-European Culture, from which Kurgan and Ancient Sanctuits were dispersed to the north and south. The Millennium Priests were supported by the Millenniums among themselves, even in late Tartal times, surprising the famous Greeks and Romans legends about the distant travels of hyperboreev led by Apollo. Finally, this tradition was interrupted with the approval of Christianity and the destruction of Kapple, the calendar-observative functions of which partially moved to the church.

So, turn to the scheme.

In this calendar, seventy-seven gods located in seven Circles-Kola (Seven - Sacred for Slav Number)
In the center - the Great Triglav (Svalog-Puran-Swenuzid).
Svaroga (from Sanskr. SVGA- "Sky") - Supreme God, Lord of the Universe, creator of the world. He is the beginning and essence of the entire zodiac. He created a yawl from Navi according to the law of the rule, and that's all. What ends in Javi, turns back to Nav. Naviv has a blue color, the color of the sky. Therefore, welw in the triglava sign described in the diagram is focused on the blue segment. And although this is the symbol of Navi, the symbol of winter, it is in this period that the winter solstice occurs (blocking), when "the sun turns for the summer", and in the depths of darkness (NAVI) life (yawn) is born.
Perun is a sign of fire, his element - summer, it is focused on the yellow segment.
Swamidid - Vladyka Spring - Indicates a green segment. The authentic vintage sign of the Great Triglava, placed in the center of the scheme, which was able to decipher and fulfill in the color scheme, fully reflects the close relationship of the NVI-Pravi-Yavi substances, Swir-Perun-Szenmita, Spring-Winter-Summer, Air-Fire-Earth and other "trinities" who made up the multidimensional philosophy of our ancestors.
Since "three", as already mentioned, is a sacred number in Slavic vocabulary, then the listed deities are divided into Trinity, great and small triglanes.
Only the first colos are represented by two gods - Belobogo and the Black, the gods of light and darkness, Javi and Navi. At the same time, the world axis separating them is the Warga, on both sides of which they fight and thus balance the world.

The second Kolo is Horse, Veles, Striboga - Summer Gods. Winters, spring. Veles also acts as the God of the Underground World, the God of the Kingdom of Navi, where the souls of the dead are departed after death.

The third collection - respectively, the previous one, here each segment is divided into two sub-cycles: the striborn includes the lion and the highest. Other option of the roof - the roof. It's time, the roof is the goal of ice, it's time for melting of snow, when the droplets begged with the roofs with the roofs of the icicles. The roof is the very beginning of spring, while the highest (other venue) is already completely spring, coming. These are the two pores and includes the Vladyka of Spring Striboga, just as the choir is divided into Lel (Start of Summer) and Letic (Sumit Zenit), and Veles - on Radochch (the beginning of winter) and Kolendo.

In the fourth Kolo, there are other IPostasi of the Gods of the three main seasures of the year, where the Yar marks the spring, Lady - God - Summer, and the Sveta - Winter.

Fifth Kolo - every time of year is divided into four months, where Beloyar is March, the beginning of the spring and the Slavic agricultural calendar. Next, clockwise - Lado (April). Buying (May, - Ancient calendars confirm that Khalenich (June), Novich (August), Zernich (September), Ovshenich (october), Options (November) , LEDICH (January), Lutich (February).

In the sixth and seventh kola, apparently, the names of four weeks are presented in each month, again, on the grounds of nature and the main types of agricultural activities.
So, in Beloyar, the beautiful (beautiful) spring-alive (Zhivich) comes, everything is awakened, the first grass appears (Trestich). Preparation for agricultural work begins. Cudsshers open people to people (Vedic) - whether spring is favorable when sow Yarovitsa and so on. There comes a spring equinox, and the celebration of the Great Yar or, otherwise, the day of the day (Gelden).
In a month, the stems are green (Stebli), flowers (flowers) and leaves (luxury) are blooming, poultry (poultry) is started. In these joyful days of the spring awakening, the holiday of the Red Mountain is celebrated - the memory of the rich and peaceful life of the great-grandparents in the Carpen Mountains. All the dead relatives are coming (corresponds to the current parent day).
Spring playing begins for animals (animal). The sky clarifies, people admire the stars (star). Water (VIRC) is heated in rivers and lakes, the bathing season begins. Celebrated buying - God of Slavic purity and toast.

Senich comes thunder (thunder) rains (rain), fruits (filling) and seeds (seeds) ripen, in full swing, haymaking. The day of summer solstice comes - the celebration of the Great Triglava (current. Trinity).
Girl is rich in Lipov (Lipich) Höd, pianicing bees (beech), in rivers - abundance of fish (fish), in forests - berries (berries). This month is celebrated by the Day of Perun, who, performing the functions of God's God and the struggle, is the patron saint of the harvest. It is thanks to Perunz, who speaks in the appearance of the Verrug-Perunza, who shed fellow rain to Earth, the forests and meadows grow lunately, and cereals are poured on fire schools, promising a generous harvest.
On Venich, Birosis is harvested (Berezic), Clain (Klenich) and Cane (Costle). The second pcs of green (zelenic) herbs. The collection of grains begins, - wheat climbs, lively, bind to shens ("Vine Vein" - from where and Venich). The first sheaf is celebrated or gourmet day.

Zernik - Strada (Stradić) is over. There are grain on the currents, fold in the crust. Real estate frozen lakes (lake), mountains (rich) are covered with a haze, the autumn winds begin to blow (wind). The day of autumn equinox comes, great ointments are celebrated.
Ovshenich - even straw (solomich) is cleaned, it is time for leaf flow (leaf falling) and mushroom collection (fungić). People rejoice that with rich stocks will be saved (SAFE) in a cold winter. There are small oxes.

Query is the first powder. It's time to hunt, as well as autumn trading. Muses and guests come from all sides (guests), conversations are being conducted (Besedych), the grooves and hospitable Slavs are celebrating Radoj.
The studio - falls snow (snowflake), the ground is frost. It's time to start rolling (ratich) training. You can also go to the wanderings (Studier), to visit distant countries (stirring). The month ends with the celebration of the strides - the day of the winter solstice and the Holie, dedicated to the completion of the annual colo and the birth of a new young sun (Christmas).

LEDICH - the celebration of Veles, the Lords of the naval navi, which since then begins to add light (Svendich) "on the hairs" every day. Publisha and the rapustians (Schurich) are revered in the kingdom. This month, the collections of childbirth are held, the councils of Elders (Radich) are elected, the princes and elder-rhodium (Raschen) are elected and other "public events" are being carried out.

Lutch - Although still crowing frosts, the Sun of the "underground world" is gaining strength and adds lights (25). This month is revered by Rod Roginich-Svarog (Rodain), the first pratura-progenitor. Blood relatives (Kravich) are collected together, discuss all sorts of things, eat pancakes with oil (Maslnich). Celebrated carnival and gentle - people escort winter.

So invariably and forever rotates the Kolo-Kolo, measuring the great and small numbers of Javi, accounting by which the number is maintained.
It should be noted that the gods are not included in this calendar who are not related to seasonal cycles and are, so to speak, "universal" is a number, Mother-Scho-Glory, Makos, SEARGL-Firebog and some others, the functions of which were conjugated with other Parties to being.

We can talk about the Slavs for a very long time, but it will already be the story of Slavs. Finally, you will still touch on the topic of the origin of the Slavs, and also say a few words about the modern Slavs.

Slavs (in antiquity Slovenia) - the largest group of related ethnic groups in East and South-Western Europe, combined with the generality of origin. Depending on the language and cultural intimacy, Slavs are divided into three large groups: Eastern, Western and South.
The total number of Slavic peoples according to 2002 data - over 300 million people, of which: Russians - 145.2 million, Ukrainians - about 50 million, Belarusians - up to 10 million; Poles - about 45 million, Chekhov - about 10 million, Slovaks - 5.5 million, Luzhican - 0.1 million; Bulgarian - 9 - 10 million, Serbs - up to 10 million, Croats - 5.5 million, Slovenians - up to 2.5 million, Chernogorstsev - 0.6 million, Macedonians - 2 million, Muslimman (self-confusion - Bosziai (Boschnyaki), other names - Bosnians, Bosansers, Muslims) - about 2 million
In addition to these ethnic groups, there is an ethnos still formed. These are the so-called Rusins. By origin, these are Slovaks that moved to the territory of Yugoslavia (from February 2003 - Serbia and Montenegro). This microethethnos is very small - about 20 thousand people. Now there is a process of forming a literary language RUSIN.
Slavs occupy the extensive territory of Eastern Europe, as well as the northern and central parts of Asia. Immediately striking that Slavic states are not collected in one pile, but scattered, scattered. In the second half of the XIX century. Independent Slavic states did not exist. Slavic peoples were part of the three empires: Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. The exception was only Montenegrins who lived in a small independent state of Montenegro, and the Luzhicians, which were located in Germany. By the end of the XX century. All Slavic peoples, except Russian and Luzhic, have already had state independence.

Now the largest Slavic state is Russia (Moscow). Russia is located in the north-east of Europe, and also occupies the northern and central parts of Asia. In the West with Russia, East Slavic states are born - Ukraine and Belarus. Further in the north of Eastern Europe is Poland and the Czech Republic. These Western Slavic states in the West border with Germany, on the part of the territory of which (between Berlin and Dresden, on the shores of the river. Elba and Sprind) live a pointed sulb (Kotbus, Bautzen). Another Western Slavovy State - Slovakia is located between Ukraine, Hungary, Austria, the Czech Republic and Poland. Southern Slavs partially occupy the Balkan Peninsula and the territory adjacent to it. They do not border neither eastern, nor with Western Slavs. Southern Slavs live in Bulgaria, as well as in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro.

Slavs, Ventena - the earliest news of the Slavs under the name of the Venenov, or Venetov, belong to the Roman and Greek writers - Plyna senior, I will open Cornelia Tacitu and Ptolemy Claudia. According to these authors, Venennye lived along the Baltic coast between the Stektina Bay, where Odra flows, and the Danzing Bay, where Vistula flows; On Vistula from her upperwood in the Carpathian mountains and to the coast of the Baltic Sea. The name of Ventena comes from the Celtic Vindos, which means "white". By mid 6 c. Wenties were divided into two main groups: wallans (bodies) and antines. As for later self-sizing "Slavs", then the exact meaning is not known. There are assumptions that in terms of "Slavs" was concluded by opposition to another ethnic term - the Germans produced from the word "dumb", that is, speaking in incomprehensible language. Slavs were divided into three groups.
The Eastern Slavs treated Poland, Drevlyan, Northerners, Dregovichi, Radmichi, Curvichi, Polokhan, Vyatichi, Slovenia, Kuzhani, Volynian, Dulyabs, Oitlini, Tivers, Croats.
Western Slavs are assistane, rims, canagra, caviar, Smolinz, Glynyan, Luthichi, orders, Ratari, Dreaven, Ruyan, Luzhican, Czechs, Slovaks, Sobb, Slovinka, Moravan, Poles.
South Slavs treated Slovenians, Croats, Serbs, Zahlumlyan, Bulgarians.

Slavs - the largest group of peoples, combined by the proximity of languages \u200b\u200band the generality of origin. The most ancient historical information about the Slavs known as vendors belong to the I - III centuries. AD With gray Vi in. The name "Claus" is repeatedly found in the texts of the proof, Jordan, and others. Ko 2nd floor. VII century Believe the first Uss. About the Slavs from the Arab authors. These linguistics link the ancient Slavs with the area of \u200b\u200bCentral and Eastern Europe - on the territory from Elba and Oderea in the West, in the Vistula pool, in the upper substander and to the middle subway in the east. The northern neighbors of Slavs were the Germans and the Balts, who were together with the Slavs the Northern Group of Indo-European Tribes. The eastern neighbors of Slavs were Western tribes (Scythians, Sarmatians), southern Thracians and Illyrians, Western Celts. The question of the praodine of Slavs remains controversial, but most researchers believe that it is east of the Vistula.

Wendes, Veneny, Ventes, the collective name of the group of Western Slavic tribes, have no time (at least from 631-632) engaged in the extensive part of the territory of Sov. Germany between the Elbe and Oder. In 7th century We invaded Thuringia and Bavaria, where the francs were defeated under the command of Dagobert I. Rare to Germany continued until the beginning of 10 centuries, when Emperor Heinrich I began on the vendors, putting the adoption of Christianity as one of the conditions for the conclusion of the world. The conquered Vendies often restrained, but every time they suffered defeat, after which the whole of their lands passed to the winners. In 1147, the church authorized a crusade against vendors, approved and sv. Bernarr Clervoskim. The campaign was accompanied by the massive destruction of the Slavic population, and the future did not have the German conquerors of any resistance to German conquerors. German settlers came to the once Slavic lands, and based new cities began to play an important role in the economic development of northern Germany. Approximately from the 1500 region of the spread of the Slavic language was reduced almost exclusively to the Ludi margins - the upper and lower, later entering the Saxony and Prussia, and adjacent territories. Here, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cities, Cottbus and Bautzen, and modern descendants of the vendors are living, who are OK. 60 000 (mostly they are Catholics). In Russian literature, they are called Luzhicanov (the name of one of the vendor tribes included in the group of vendments) or Luzhitsa Serbs, although they themselves call themselves Serbja or Serbski Lud, and their modern German name - Sorben (first also Wenden). Since 1991, issues of preservation of the language and culture of this people in Germany, the Fund for the Affairs of Luzhic.

Slavs, according to many researchers, as well as the Germans and Balts, were the descendants of the cattle breeding and agricultural tribes of the culture of cord ceramics settled at the turn of the 3rd and 2nd thousand to N. e. From the Northern Black Sea and Carpathia in Central, Northern and Eastern Europe. Slavs are represented by archaeological cultures, among whom were of particular importance: Tshnetskaya, distributed in the third quarter of the 2nd millennium BC. e. between the hanging and middle dnipro; Luzitskaya (XIII - IV centuries. BC) and Pomeranian (vi --ii centuries BC) on the territory of modern Poland; In the subnet - Chernolessk culture (VIII - beginning of the 6th centuries. BC. e.) Neva or even Scythians - Paramen - in Herodot. Presumably with the Slavs are associated by Podgorztsky and Milogradskaya culture (VII century BC. A.-1 century. N. A.). Existing at the end of the 1st thousand to n. e. At Pripyat and on average, Zarubinetskaya culture is associated with the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs. It was a culture of the developed Iron Age, its carriers were farmers, cattle breeders and artisans.
In II-IV centuries. n. E, as a result of movement to the south of German tribes (goths, hepids), the integrity of the territory of Slavs was violated, after which Slavs, apparently, were divided into Western and Eastern. The main mass of carriers of Zarubinetskaya culture moved in the first centuries. e. north and northeast on the Dnieper and the gum. In the III-IV centuries. In the middle of the subway, the tribes left the Chernyakhov antiquity. Some archaeologists consider their Slavs, most of the same polyethnic grouping, which included Slavic elements. At the end of the V century, after the fall of the Hunnov's power, the promotion of Slavs to the south began (to the Danube, to the North-Western Black Sea region) and their invasion of the Balkan provinces of Byzantium. The Slavs tribes were divided into two groups: Ants (invaded the Balkan Peninsula through the Balc) and Slovenins (attacked by the Byzantine provinces from the north and north-west). The colonization of the Balkan Peninsula was the result of non-resettlement, but the settlement of the Slavs, who kept all their old lands in Central and Eastern Europe. In the second half of the first millennium, Slavs occupied the upper subway and its northern periphery, which belonged to the Eastern Balts and Finno-Ugric tribes. Both Ants and wovers broke off into separate tribal groups already in the VII century. In addition to the well-known dlebov, there were probably the other breeding associations of the Slavs listed in the "Tale of Bygone Years": Poland, Drevlyan, Northerners, Curvichi, Oitlini, Tivers, Croatians, etc.

If we move along the Eastern European Plain from the north to south, 15 East Slavic tribes will appear before us:

1. Ilmenie Slovenia, the center of which was Novgorod, who was standing on the banks of the Volkhov River, argued from Lake Ilmen and on whose lands was a lot of other cities, why the neighboring Scandinava called them the ownership of "Gardar", that is, the "land of cities".
These were: Ladoga and Belosero, Old Russ and Pskov. His name Ilmenie Slovenia received from the name of Lake Ilmen, located in their possessions and called the Slovenian Sea also called. For residents distant from the present seas, a lake in 45 miles and width about 35 seemed to be huge, therefore it wore her second name - the sea.

2. Curvichi, who lived in the Dnieper, Volga and Western Dvina, Around Smolensk and Islabors, Yaroslavl and Rostov of the Great, Suzdal and Murom.
Their name originated on behalf of the founder of the tribe of Prince Kriva, apparently received a nicknamer curve, from natural flaw. Subsequently, Curvich was called the people of the person of insincere, false, capable of crushing the soul, from which the truth would not wait, but will face Kryvda. (Moscow subsequently emerged on the lands of the curvist, but you will read about it further.)

3. Polophane was detained on the Harot River, with its shift in Western Dvina. At the site of the merger of these these rivers and stood the main city of the tribe - Polotsk, or Palkotsk, the name of which is also produced by Hydronim: "River on the border with Latvian tribes" - lats, years.
To the south and southeast of the shelter died, Dregovichi, Radmichi, Vyatichi and Northerners.

4. Dregovichi lived on the banks of the river to accept, having received their name from the words "Dregva" and "Diryagna" meaning "swamp". Here were the cities of tours and Pinsk.

5. Radmichi, inhabited by the Dnipro and Sockets, were called by the name of their first prince Radima, or Radmir.

6. Vntychi was the most Eastern Old Russian tribe, having received their name, like the radar, on behalf of their progenitor, Prince Vyatko, which represented the abbreviated name Vyacheslav. Old Ryazan was located in the land of Vyatichi.

7. Northerners occupied the Sparkle of the gums, the Sejm and the courts and in antiquity were the most Northern East Slavonic tribe. When the Slavs were settled to Novgorod the Great and Belozer, they retained their former name, although its initial meaning was lost. In their lands stood the city: Novgorod Seversky, Defair and Chernigov.

8. Polyana, who inhabited the lands around Kiev, Vyshgorod, Rodney, Pereyaslavl, were called so from the word "field." Field treatment has become the main occupation, which led to the development of agriculture, cattle breeding and animal husbandry. Polyana entered the story as a tribe, to a greater extent than others who contributed to the development of ancient Russian statehood.
Polyan's neighbors in the south were Russia, tivers and incense, in the north - arms and in the West - Croats, Volyn and Buzhana.

9. Rus - the name of one, far from the largest East Slavic tribe, which because of his own behalf, became the most famous and in the history of mankind, and in historical science, because in disputes around his origin, scientists and publicists were broken many copies and sheds of the ink river . Many outstanding learning -ecolaographers, ethiologists and historians - produce this name from almost universally accepted in the IX-centuries named after Normanov - Rus. Normans, famous for Eastern Slavs under the name of Varyagov, won about 882 years old and the surrounding land. During his conquests that took place, 300 years old - from the VIII to the XI century - and engulfed the whole of Europe - from England to Sicily and from Lisbon to Kiev - they left their name in the submissive lands. For example, the territory conquered by Normans in the north of the Frankish kingdom was called Normandy.
Opponents of this point of view believe that the name of the tribe happened from the hydronime - the rivers of Russia, from where later and the whole country began to be called Russia. And in the XI-XII centuries, Russia began to call the land of Russia, Polyan, Northerners and Radmich, some sites inhabited by Ulym and Vyatichmi. Supporters of this point of view consider Russia no longer as a tribal or ethnic union, but as a political state education.

10. Five people occupied spaces along the shores of the Dniester, from its middle course to the mouth of the Danube and the Black Sea coast. The most likely it seems the origin, their names from the River Tivr, as the ancient Greeks called the Dniester. Their center was the city of Cherven on the West Bank of the Dniester. Tivertsy bordered with nomadic tribes of Pechenegs and Polovtsy and under their blows moved to the north, mixed with Croats and Volynians.

11. Differences were the southern neighbors of the tivers, occupying the Earth in the lower subway, on the shores of the Bug and the Black Sea coast. Their main city was intersection. Together with the tivers, they moved to the north, where they mixed with Croats and Volynians.

12. Drevlyans lived along the flow of the Tether's rivers, already, clinging and a swift, in Polesie and on the right bank of the Dnieper. Their main city was embarkured on the river, and besides, there were also other cities - Ovruch, a city, several other, the names of which we do not know, but their traces remained in the form of a settlement. The Drevlyan was the most hostile East Slavic tribe towards the glades and their allies, which formed the ancient Russian state with the center in Kiev. They were the decisive enemies of the first Kiev princes, even killed one of them - Igor Svyatoslavovich, for which the prince of Drevlyan was small, in turn, was killed by Widow Igor, princess Olga.
Dracks lived in dense forests, having received their name from the word "Tree" - a tree.

13. Croats who lived around the city Peremyshl on the river. San, called himself white Croats, unlike the same name with them who lived in the Balkans. The name of the tribe is produced from the ancient war word "shepherd, guard of livestock", which may indicate the main lesson - cattle breeding.

14. Volynan was represented by a tribal association formed in the territory where the Tribe's tribe had previously lived. Volynians settled along both shores of Western Bug and in the upper reaches of Pripyat. Their main city was Cherven, and after Volyn was conquered by the Kiev princes, a new city was put on the Luga River in 988, Vladimir Volynsky, who gave the name of the Vladimir-Volyn principality around him.

15. In the tribal association, which emerged at the downtown's place, was included in addition to Volyn and Buzhans, located on the shores of the South Bug. It is believed that Volynian and Buzane were one tribe, and their independent names occurred only as a result of various habitats. According to written foreign sources, Kuzanan occupied 230 "cities" - most likely, these were fortified settlements, and Volynian - 70. Anyway, but these figures indicate that Volyn and wagon were quite tight.

As for the border with the eastern Slavs of the land and peoples, then this picture looked like this: In the north, the Finno-Ugric tribes lived: Cheremis, Chud Zavolochny, the whole, Korela, Chud; Balto-Slavic tribes lived in the north-west: Corrot, Zemigol, Zmmur, Yatvägi and Prussa; in the West - Poles and Hungaries; in the southwest - Volokha (ancestors Romanian and Moldova); In the East - Burtasi, the relatives of them Mordva and Bulgarians Volzhsko-Kamsky. Outside of these land lay "Terra incognita" - an unknown land that Eastern Slavs learned only after their knowledge of the world very strongly concluded with the advent of new religious religion on Russia, and at the same time writing, which was the third sign of civilization .

More than two thousand years ago, scientists of ancient Greece and Rome knew that in the east, between the Baltic Sea and the Carpathian Mountains, numerous peoples live with their religion. Our ancestors lived side by side with Indoran tribes, Kimmerians, Sarmatians, Skifami, Vikings, Brands and many other nations. Such a neighborhood could not not affect the religion of Slavs, so the Pantheon of Slavic gods arose. The list is quite impressive, Pantheon implies a variety, a set, set. The pagan religion arose not spontaneously, the neighborhood with various peoples had a great influence on it.

Farworn gods of Slavic mythology (list)

The genus is the creator of the whole world, the progenitor of the gods and the beginning of life of everything. Beregini-Rozenitsa is his assistants, patroness of children and old people, newlyweds. Keepers of a homely hearth. Bereginnaya-Rozennica, in turn, also had assistants - this is a house, jannik, ointler. The goddess symbol is the duck.

The genus also believed Slavs believed that the genus sends the soul to the ground when the child was born. The second name of the kind is the stribog, represents the Sabbath, which is called the parent day today.

Belobog

Good God with many names, he was also called Svetich, Svyatovit. Belobogov gave fertility to the lands and souls of people. It appeared in the form of a white rider who accelerates darkness taking the laws of good and light.

The symbols of Beloboga are horn, sword and onions. The holiday of God is considered the day of the autumn solstice, on this day, sweet pies presented to him as a gift.

Veles.

Veles is considered the keeper of the antiquity, the patron of animals. Most often, God seems to be a bear. Veles was particularly reading, like all the ancient Slavic gods. The list of his knowledge is inexhaustible, he possesses the wisdom of ancestors, animals. Day is his holiday. On the last night of October, our ancestors spent the deceased births.

Meaky

What are the women's Slavic gods existed? The list of names heads the goddess of the meak, the wife of Veles, the goddess of the earth. Patronizing fertility, these are witchcraft. It is also considered the conducted by the wiring between the world of the living and the world of the dead. The goddess helps the hostess, transmits the ability to grow and raise children, work in the garden, the field, in the house, reveals the Skar's secrets, teaches to understand the herbs.

On October 28, they consider it a holiday (according to the Christian calendar Paraskeva Friday), on this day the meat protects the owners and wives. One of the symbols of the goddess is a headdress with horns, her tree - aspen.

Krodo

The second name of God - Crut, the ancestor of the Svarog, the Lord of the sacrificial fire. Patronizing sacred and sacrificial places. Crodo represented in the image of Frost, the cold and darkness followed him, believed that God was brought by death.

Svaloga

What are they, male gods of Slavic mythology? The list heads the Svarog, perhaps the most famous of all pagan gods. He is considered to be Praster, the progenitor. This is who gave people speech, knowledge.

This wise God seems to be sitting in a chariot, surrounded by ancestors, smart animals and birds. Svarog is in everything around, you can hear and see, mess.

Dazhibogog.

The first son of Svaroga - Dazhbog. It gives heat and light, vitality. Patron of light and warmth. He commands rains, gives lifeless moisture and fertility. In the afternoon, Dazhbog is considered Sunday, his stone is yahont, and the metal is gold. Rusichi believed themselves as descendants of Dazhbog, in every house certainly hung the sign of the Divine - Sunfather.

There were also kind and patient Slavic gods. The list crowds the goddess of Lada, the patroness of love and family well-being, she protects the homely focus. The symbol of the goddess are swan and pigeon, these birds are associated with us with loyalty, tenderness, caress. The time of Goddess Lada - Spring, the time of awakening of the spirits of nature, mermaids, water, ledge.

Moraine

Moraine comes from the words "Marenevo", "Mara", "Morok". The goddess of the cold, winter, snow. Carries a firing cold, darkness, death. But this goddess is not so terrible, she personifies the harsh Russian winter, which, as if checks people for strength. The symbols of Moraine are the moon, lynx and owl.

We really treated our ancestors to faith, inseparable from everyday life were Slavic gods and their meaning. The list of gods is very diverse, they are seriously divided by seniority. Everyone was important, with each they lived side by side, because the gods were as if symbols of nature, the elements and were inseparable from people's lives.

Yaril

God of youth and fertile land, lord of the sun. Some consider it one of the persons in his spring hatch. His month is March, the day of the week is Tuesday. Symbol - iron, stones - grenades, ruby, amber.

Perun

Perun is the god of war and thunder, the lord of the elements. Thunder perceived as a voice of Perun, lightning - his arrows. Represented God with rushing across the sky in a fiery chariot, with a flasher in his hands. Our ancestors believed that Perun protects an explicit world from the world of invisible, Navody.

Day Perun - Thursday. His holiday celebrated on August 2 (according to the Orthodox calendar - the day of the Prophet's Ilya). God prefers Tin from Metals, his stones - sapphire and lapis.

Here, perhaps, all the major Slavic minced is even more great. Although it is difficult to call them secondary. Rus - Northern Earth with a harsh climate, cold winds and butterous frosts. And the gods of Slavs personified the forces of nature.

Slavic pagan gods: list

Horse, Khoros - the lord of the solar disk, observes the world order. Depicted in the form of the sun. His day count the day of the Winter Solstice - December 22. According to Slavs, on this day, the old sun completed his turn and gave the road to the new sun, as if he opened the beginning of the new year. His day is considered Sunday, metal it is gold.

Viy.

There were also dark Slavic gods. The list, perhaps, can be listed for a long time, the struggle of good and evil always occurred. Elimination of the dark forces - Viy, the God of the Underground World, the Lord of Sinners. According to reference, Viy had a deadly look, no one could withstand him. Represented him in the form of an elder with huge heavy centuries, which he could not raise himself. The legend of the provisions remained in the story of Gogol, later the film was filmed.

Kolyada

The flag, the son of Dazhbog, embodies the New Year's cycle, is a festive God. Symbolizes the care of the old and coming new year. The wheelchair began to celebrate on December 20, and the festive rite dedicated to God began to be a festive rite.

Afild

There were also joking, playful Slavic gods, the list is headed by noon, the goddess of Slavic myths. Preded in the image of the playful spirit. They believed that she was fooling the travelers, brings on them. Also in the duties of the noon, it was necessary to look after that no one worked at noon. Having broken the ban she cruelly punished, could have tested to death.

So, we can conclude that the gods were not bad or good. They were the personification of nature and the surrounding world, in all its manifestations. Every God had two hypostasis. So, for example, Yarilo gives heat, heats the earth, but if the case can be punished (solar strike). Moraine, although he brings cold and luda, Study, not uninimed helped Rus, for example, the cold stopped Napoleon's troops in 1812, and during the Great Patriotic War I had significantly complicated the movements of Hitler's troops. You can also remember the Russian folk fairy tale, where the frost generously gave a good girl and punished bad. Not all Slavic gods are listed here, the list is pretty hard. Each phenomenon, every aspect of life had its deity, which answered not only for his space, but also for life in general.

In Slavic culture, Pantheon was divided into the gods of functional and sunny, and the rules of all mighty weld (sometimes called it). In the category of functional deities, Perun, Veles, Striboga and Semargl were part of, each of whom was a patron sieve of a certain category of the population or a lord of some power. Solar gods, as a rule, were associated with the time of year, and there were four of them - Dazhbog, Horse, Yarilo and the Lord himself - Svarog.

Solar gods ancient Russia

Each of the solar ancient gods of Russia had power during a certain time of the year. Between the Winter and Spring Solstice (that is, from December 22 to March 21), God was dominated by God. Then the time of the reign of God Yarilo - to the summer solstice, June 22th. The time of Dazhbog's time was followed, and it lasted until September 23 - autumn solstice. It was taken to read in the remaining period of the year, until December 22.

Functional pagan gods of ancient Russia

One of the most famous functional gods of Slavs up to this day remains Perun - the Lord of the Lightning and the patron of warriors, the defender. No less known Velez, whose name is often used for the name of modern companies - he was a patron saint of trade, wisdom, magic and books, and was also the ruler of the world of the dead. Despite the fact that Rules Died Veles, the God of Death was SEARMGL. The last, fourth functional god is a stribog, a patron of wind.

Great Gods of Ancient Rus

Let us consider in more detail the individual, most famous gods of ancient Russia and Slavs at all.

Starting the description of the Slavic Pantheon, it is impossible not to mention the Svat - one of the main gods, the patron of fire and heat. He is a heavenly deity that personifies himself and the mother of all living things. In antiquity, he was considered a deity with the female start, later - with men's.

Interestingly, in Slavic culture, the celestial deities bind to the fire. It is believed that it was the weld that he opened the art of fire management to people - taught to process metal, creating forged products and much more. On the other hand, the Svarog provided people with laws and knowledge, after which she considered his mission completed and gave way to the reign of the reign of sons -, Dazhbogu and Horsu.

The God Horse, who, according to the legend, is born on December 22, in the image of the Sun Boy, which completes the course of the Old Sun, and opened the New Year. This is a deity with male beginnings, which symbolized the desire of youth to knowledge and growth, overcoming difficulties and search for new solutions. We met Horsas by the carols, Kovovrat, Masquerade with the batch of totem animals. It was customary to burn on Mount the wheel to help the sun shine brighter, and all this was accompanied by funny folk festivities.

Another famous God - Yarilo, symbolizing the awakening of nature, conception, a new life. He seemed to be a brave bridegroom, who could give a good harvest and strong kids.

Dazhibog, one of the most beloved people's deities, personifies the strength of the sun, its warmth, as well as the highest laws of the creation of the world. Turning to Him, people expected the execution of dreams, getting rid of diseases and other earthly goods. It was believed that this deity gives people and the sun, and rain.

One of the warlike, but respected gods was Perun - he commanded the lightning and thunder, and it was over his command of the clouds could hide from heaven. He was considered one of the constructions of the world of the deities, because it was his strength to eat plants, and life awakened. In addition, Perun revered in troubled times, because he was the patron of warriors, prince and squad.

The gods and goddesses of the ancient Russia are not as fully understood as Greek or Roman, but referring to the roots of Slavic culture, you can discover a lot of interesting facts.

Pagan culture is fulfilled by various names of the highest forces responsible for certain processes or phenomena of the world. Each deity occupies a certain place in the universe and has its own affecting the course of events. The ancient Slavs did not have a single God for all tribes and peoples, people worshiped to a large number of higher strength and received their patronage in a particular matter.

Hierarchy of the Gods of Slavic Culture

The position of the gaggag culture is distributed depending on the seniority and the power of influence on the events of the world.

The chapter is just a genus, which is the creator of the universe and the first "older" gods. Next, the Svarog signs - the Heavenly Father and the Creator of the Earth and Lada of the Virgin Mother of God who has become the mother of the gods of the first generation, besides the mansion are the guy and welders standing at the origins of the creation of peace and the struggle for the world.

At the first stage there are Gods with great influence on what is happening in the world and especially revered among the people.

At the average level of the hierarchy, gods are located in the sphere of the influence of fertility, agriculture, hunting, fishing, handicrafts, trade, sign.

At the bottom of the assistants of the gods of different levels - perfume. Spirits include representatives of light and darkness to the same extent: houses, ribs, waters, semi-men, mermaids and other entities.

In addition, there is division on the strength of light and darkness, there are also the gods closest to people and, on the contrary, not having no contact points with the people.

Division of the Slavic gods on light and dark

When creating the world was divided into 3 parts: PRES - the place of living of people and natural deities, right - the world of gods and the world of the dark forces and the dead. In the modern world, everything is sued more unlikely, darkness - evil, and the light is good. In the artistic culture in honor there were the forces of light and darkness equally. It was believed that without dark forces, the existence of peace, knowledge and improvement is not possible. This is a necessary condition for harmonious development and movement. Death was considered as a transition to a new level.

Pantheon Slavic Gods

In ancient Russia, people believed different gods and worshiped them, brought gifts, turned to help. In different parts of the immense country were their idols, their composition of the celestialists in which they believed and read especially. Even the lists of the gods belonging to the dark and bright world were not united. In one city, I would especially read Perun, in the other - Velez, in the third, the Makos or Lade, in the third, the Makos or Lade, nevertheless there was a staff everywhere, the pantheon in which certain idols were installed.

If you see Eastern and Western Slavs, you can find a difference in the names of the gods and their composition. Let's try to make a generic list of revered deities with a description of their sphere of influence on the life of the pagans. If every way really living people were still a question and where people originally got those knowledge from. Perhaps, after some time, mankind will be known much more than openly now. However, at the moment we are studying the question available to us.

Slavic gods of the world

The highest forces standing at the origins of the creation of the world and not contacting directly with people relate to the world of rules.

Belobog

In the sphere of influence of Slavic Beloboga is good, light, honor and justice. He does not participate in the fights but protects the world.
The opposite of the Beloboga is his brother of Chernobog and they are in a state of confrontation.

Belobogo keeps the princes of the universe, the basics of life and the world order. Pictured it in the image of a light elder with a white beard long and a straw in her hands.

People honestly workers who do not pay attention to all kinds of difficulties and obstacles can be counted for the help of God.

For information on the value of the symbol of the Beloboga, see.

Veles.

The Slavic God of Three Worlds - Veles had a significant magical force. He is a patron of animals and magic. It has a gift of reincarnation. According to the myths and legends of ancient Russia,
Veles is the guard of 2 worlds: Check and Navi. It was Veles who will lead to the presence of borders and in his retinue there are many spirits to help people: a house, a rich, lid and others.

Unlike Perunus patrious only to strong people and the rulers, Veles helped people regardless of their origin and was reading in many human communities.

in addition, information about the chambers of the Veles have been collected on the site:

Alive

Lelia

The goddess of spring, love and loyalty, the daughter of the Lada of the Virgin Mary was one of the most beloved in the Slavs. She was brought to the gift of flowers, appealed to love.

In the sphere of influence, Lel was girls to marriage and children under 3 years old. Ease of character, femininity, the preservation of nonsense and mistakes of youth is the activities of a young goddess.

Lelle in the image of a beautiful bright girl is always surrounded by birds and animals.

Detailed information about the patroness of first love and Lelf symbol Read in full

Makosh

Chur

The grandson of Svara and Lada - was in honor of our ancestors. In the sphere of influence of Chura, there are borders and frontiers. He protects the world of Javi from the penetration of any evil from the world Navi. In addition, Chur monitors the execution of this word and the safety of the property of the fenced churos - in small columns with the image of a deity or his symbol.

In the help of people and subordinate to Chur are houses and banners. Detailed information can be found here.

Slavic gods of the world of Javi

The world of Javi was not deprived of the gods. Most of the deities of Slavic culture associated with the real world are spontaneous gods: water, wind, fire and land. They play the greatest role in the life of people.

Axen

Slavic God of autumn - Akssen. Released by the patron saint of bridges, transition paths and any vital changes.

Honoring Assenya (Tausen) falls on the day of autumn equinox, the day when the harvest is already assembled and it is ready to prepare for a long and cold winter. After Touaine (September 22-23), the day is declining, the night and cold come into rights.

The Avsene's patronage applies to people at life with life. It helps to overcome difficulties when moving and changing life. The strength of the symbol plays a big role in the preservation of family and love.

Description of the nature of God and who patronize read in full.

Agidel

The goddess of water Agidel is known for the Northern Slavic nations. Agidel appealed to the girl on the day caught a launch wreath around the water. In the sulfur influence of the Agidel Mustional Water Filling the body of health, spirit faith and fortress, giving youth and beauty.

According to the faith of the ancient Slavs, it has a healing force, spreads it through water.

God of excellent grace and warm summer breeze is a doggy.

Dazhibogog.

The God of the Sun, summer heat, fertility and lights -. Slavic Dazhbog patronized the farmers and was always in honor of the Slavs. The symbol of the Sun God is a sunny disk.

Idol Dazhibogu was installed on the hill face to the east or southeast. Maudded idols exclusively from the tree. A gift was carried by bird feathers, honey, nuts.

Divia

Slavic goddess Moon - Divia was the sister of Horsa. The image of the goddess is closely connected to the lunar light, magic and magic. In the sphere of influence of Divia there is female magic, healing, intuition and beauty.

The main purpose of Divia is lighting at night. Let the light of the moon are not comparable to sunny, but it is enough to find the way in the darkness of the night and able to see what happens around.

Dye.

In Slavic mythology, the image is not preserved, each he was different. Initially, the God of the sky was originally, over time, I put on the side of evil became the patron saint of the night sky. At a later time, wealth was also in the sphere of influence. According to the legends, it was found that they died in the Urals in the mountains, after was overthrown and sent to the world of Navi.

Dya is considered the father of Dodol and Churil.

Dodol

Ghoul

In the Slavic culture, the glory treated the evil spirits carrying death. They were people in the form of dead with iron teeth. Such a touch of glooming to a person and he dies from an unknown disease.

According to some sources, the gums like vampires drank blood from people and eaten their body. It was believed that if the science left the body, drinking blood, the dead man could become a lot.

After the adoption of Christianity, the gaps belong to the beddown to the dead, that is, people are not baptized and not received funeral.

When we speak Lada, in our thoughts, we have an unfortunate stayed.
Although Lada is the goddess of love, beauty, family happiness, patroness of marriage. And also the keeper of the home hearth, the wife of the Svarog, Mother Leli and Dudagbog ... It belongs to the Pantheon of the Bright Gods of Slavic Patterns. They worshiped our ancestors: Drevlyan, Rus, Dregovichi, Polyana ...

Beregini Genznica - Words that do not require explanation. This goddess is a keeper of a homely hearth, warmth, cormalitsa, mother, patroness of newlyweds and children, the joy of old people.

In October, at the end of all agricultural works, the Slavs played weddings. A person in life has three important milestones: birth, wedding and death. If the first and the last one does not depend on us, then the wedding is a special ritual, connecting two fates, two lives - two kinds.

Wedding, light, holiness, Svarga - the concept of life, truth, connections. At the wedding played on the hobs, fools, horns, tambourines, drums and other musical instruments. Songs sounded, immersed listeners in the old days. Raist, hugging behind the shoulders, sang their generic songs, praised young. Someone jokingly measured by the forces with new relatives, someone protruded in merry checks. Then the crochetons were taken for the work - and here they hold on! - Everyone will get from their outflow.

Good and the world reigned in the ancient Slavic births. Rusichi revered their ancestors, gods, kept legends of deep antiquity.
Beregin Rozenznica had helpers: house, yard, ointles, buns. Her symbol is the duck.

Veles, Hair, Voloch, Volkhv, Venuner, Wolf, Saucht, Whal, Forest, Fox, Lisa, Oleska, Deer - All these words are associated with the forest. Wellezov children are so calling themselves the Rus in the "Word about the regiment of Igor."

Wellez's Christians called "the ambulance god," but may not be called cattle totem bears of Veles - Bear, Wolf, Sacred Cow? No, peoples living with a natural-generated building, animals considered to be equal to people. For example, in Russia very loved by bears and consider them brothers. And the bear is Veles. Veles has many images, including animals.

Rusichi studied a lot from the beasts, imitated them with a voice, movements, attacks and defense.

Veles is an inexhaustible source of knowledge, each beast in his forest is unique. But people moved away from nature - hence all the troubles of modern civilization. It is time to realize that only the return to naturalness, a soul and body from final destruction can be saved to a healthy natural principle.

We live in the disheveled world, divided into religion, party, class, people are not appreciated by the mind and strength, but for money, so humanity is hired, but does not develop spiritually. For spirituality is in our roots, and anywhere else. Spirituality - Knowledge (Vedas). Lead RA (faith), to go.
Veles is the keeper of gray old antiquity and silent bones of ancestors. The last night of October is the day of commemoration of the grandfathers (in the West - Halloween). On this day, the Rusa was accompanied with the fires and music of the Volynok and the Dupull of the Spirits of Nature and those who died over the year on the snow.

Dazhibogog., give, rain - the words are single-tempered, which are "sharing, distribute". Dazhboga sent not only the rain, but also the sun drinking the earth with light and warmth. Dazhbog is an autumn sky with clouds, rains, thunderstorms, and sometimes harsh.

September 22 - autumnal equinox, feast of the genus and rolling, day of Dazhbog and Makoshi. The entire harvest is removed, the last fees are underway in gardens and gardens. All residents of the village or the city go to nature, light fire, rolling the burning wheel-sun on the mountain, water dance with songs, play pre-wedding and ritual games. Then they put the tables on the main street, put on them the best food and start a common generic feast. Neighbors and parents try their food, their cooked other, praise, all together the sun, the earth and Russia-Mother.

Dajibudes (sunny) grandchildren - so called Rusichi. Symbolic signs of the Sun (solar sockets, solvents) at our ancestors were present everywhere - on clothes, dishes, in the decoration of houses.

Any Russian man is obliged to create a big family - genus, feed, grow, raise children and become Dazhibog. This is his debt, glory, though. Each of us is countless ancestors - our roots, and everyone should give life to the branches-descendants.

A man who does not have children in old age is doomed to hunger, shame, poverty. The genus should be great, healthy - our ancestors did not know Vodka and Kuriem, and therefore they gave birth to strong and healthy attacks and rinza-lad.

Lada, Float, love, caressing - all this indicates a gentle relationship between husband and wife in the family union, aimed at the birth of children and the extension of the genus Slavic. Lada is a little girl who is born in spring with the first streams and snowdrops. Grachics, first birds flying to their homeland from warm countries - Birthday Birthdays. Flowers and young foliage appear with the pool. Where Lada passes, the birds are beginning to sing. Beasts are also glad by the young goddess, bringing them food after a long hungry winter.

Favorite birds of Lada are pigeons and swans - are compared in our consciousness with caress and loyalty. Therefore, girls sing at the spring by the voices of birds. Every girl in Russia - Lada.

Lada is gaining momentum on the purchase, at this time she is clouded by the rays of Yaril, and in her wombing is a little month -Simal of life. On June 22, Slavs celebrate the summer solstice, huge bonfires are lit, a burning solar wheel (meaning "bathing" of the Sun) is rolled into the water, dances are found with screams: "Gori, Gori clearly, not to go out!" Everyone bathe, play "Rouh" and other love games, run each other in the forest. Forba, according to Christians, in fact, there was no holiday. Magitis, old people, parents carefully followed the youth and, in case of violation of moral laws, they expelled the most terrible punishment at that time, because one, without relatives, could not live in ancient times.

Love in Russia was not joy, but served to continue the kind, conception of new children. It is the appearance of children is the meaning of the compound into a couple of not only people, but also animals, birds. Only couples left at the end of the holiday in the forest, under the Senage of warm fogs, where they were not dangerous and loved to the morning dawn, burning numerous bonfires of love all over Russia, turning the world into a huge burning fern flower, flower of truth, happiness, naturalness and eternity.

The arrival of the Lada awakened and the spirits of nature - led, field, water, mermaids.

Makosh, mother, kush, wallet, cat (bag, sum), piggy bank, merchant - these words are related to each other and mean the increase in good and wealth.

If Lada relates more to spring water, then Makosh is the goddess of the earth, mother-cheese earth. Women of antiquity learned to be a man in their own. Mankos is the woman who knows how to work in the field, in the garden, in the garden, in the forest, knows the medicinal herbs, knows how to grow and correct children. Makosh - Goddess, opening Snowball secrets in summer (Moren - winter).

Makosh - the goddess of life (some Slavic tribes called it alive), she wears in their growing after the jugg of the curl of the month (man).

A man in Russia was symbolically presented to the tree. His parents, grandfathers and great-grandfathers are roots leaving in the depths of time, in the gray old antique, nourishing it with the life of the kind. The branches and Krone Tree are future children and grandchildren, who are looking forward to every Rusich. He stretches his hands to the souls of the ancestors - the stars and to the main ancestor - the sun. The Slavs does not ask for mercies, as Christians, and simply says, he assures them about their solid intent to have family and children.
If the girl learned the work of Makosh to marriage, then, having married, she fulfills the sacred maternal duties, giving birth and feeding children, teaching their good and the right attitude towards nature and relatives. Being makoes - the sacred debt of all girls and women.

Moraine, Mor, frost, drizzle (rain), sea, Mara, Maorevo, Moroshny, Dead, Khmarar, Warmer. All these words mean darkness, a latter, death, dampness or unbearable heat. Similar sensations are visited by patients and dying. Moraine - a goddess that fights in the spring and, leaving, takes with me the remains of last year (cold, snow, darkness), giving a new life, spring.

On March 22, the spring equinox comes, after which, as he believed in Russia, spring begins. Before the equinox, our rapids have fun handled the carnival. Again burned fires, again in cities and villages, like on a wheelchair, the youth gathered in the group, elected the most fun hiking for jokes, drawing; Golk trees were made, Fortresses for playing snowballs, swing and carousel; Skating on top of three, hand-to-hand fighting and battles wall on the wall and at the end - taking a snowy town and burning stuffed moraine.

The competition immediately happened - who will be most prompt and will be able to climb on the post and get a rooster from there (he was read as a symbol of the sun, dawn, spring and goddess of Lada - Moraine Changers), Round Calachs or Boots. From the mountains rolled the burning wheel and burned fires - the symbol of heat and revival.

But the Moraine is not as terrible as it may seem. It is a sample of our harsh snowdown, which checks all for strength and survival and takes only weak. She loves strict purity of snow and ice transparency, her snowflake dance in a deep winter sky. Favorites Moraine - owls and lynx. Russian people Mila Zimushka-Winter, her invigorating cold, sparkling drifts and ringing ice.

The symbol of the Moraine - the moon. Her face is sternly looking to the ground, awakening in the wolves the desire to waste, thickening fogs in the air and giving birth to the movement of water in the lakes and seas.

Perun, Rune (in Russia these ancient letters were known as those mentioned in many written sources "features and cuts"). Speech, stream, prophet, rokot, rumble, Grey. Perun - the Great God of Rusich, the God of War and Thunder. His weapons are sparkling swords, axi-axes, a huge screaming hammer, a muffin, and spelling without a mischievous spear. Beasts and birds Perun - tours, wolves, crows, falcons. We love and read Perun in the people. It fascinates his rumbling thunder voice. Stunning and raising a reverent fear of the unearthly brilliance of his weapons - lightning. The rapid flight of blue-lead clouds is delighted - his warriors.

Perun has been particularly revered in times of wars and dangers. In a bloody fight or during the combat playing, everyone tried to light in itself the slamming spirit of this terrible alert.

Although Perun had a relation to the cold (he was born in the first month of winter), the days of Perun - it was time - began on June 20 and ended in early August. At this time, Rusići coped TRIZNS for the soldiers who fell in battles - they gathered in the mounds and the Red Mountains, the feces were satisfied, routine fun, measured by force in running, throwing weapons, swimming, jumps on the horses. They killed the bull bull bull, fry and fir him, drank honey and kvass. There were initiations of young guys who had to pass serious tests in the warriors and guessing themselves with a weapon of the genus.

Our ancestors have always had many external enemies, permanent wars were conducted. The shield and sword were worshiped as a symbol of Perun, his gift to a man. The weapons worshiped him and be guarded.

But not only men went to the deadly battle. Often, among those killed by Rusich, the enemies were surprised to find women who were killed with their husbands to shoulder. They also patronized Zlatosy Perun ...

Svaloga, Welg, cook, light, holiness, minimize color. These words are combined by the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating life (horn, rock, birth, speech, oscillate). Svarog is the greatest of Russian gods. This is a progenitor, Prashas, \u200b\u200bwho gave the course of life, who giving people knowledge and speech. He created the whole cosmos - universe Wirga. Svarog - in everything. Everything in the world there is a welsh, its part. At the Balt, he is the name of the Svataras, at the Iranians -Tvashashtar, at the Romans - Saturn, Hermann - Vodan, from Etrus-Skov - Satr, and so on - they have all the consonant names and similar features. In the myths of the White Peoples, God is a hammer KUT-WHOLE THE WORLD, carving lightning and sparks, and all he has something or another attitude towards the Sun.

Svarog wise, he sits surrounded by our spedance ancestors, smart birds and animals. Like the stomach that gave birth to a huge oak, this God gave the beginning of a tree of life. The gods and people, beasts and birds are starting from Svarog-grandfather - all living things. Svarog dies in each subject, in each person, he is already, you can see it, touch, hear.

Svarog - in Navi, in the past, but about him (about ancient) remember. Svarog and in the rule, in the future, which we know and for the sake of which we live. He is in us, we are his part, like our descendants.

Svarog is an old sun riding in the chariot, cold and dark.

Chernobogu is owned in the last days of the year, when the longest night and severe cold. Rusichi bathes in the hole, communicating to winter. Nature in Starikovsky is silent, dressed in white snowy clothes. People in the houses insulate the windows, the raysin harness and eat what they were raised in the summer, sing songs, tale tale, sew clothes, repair shoes, make toys, braid ovens. And wait for the birth of Horsa, preparing outfits for the bond.

SEMARGL, SMARD, Flicker, Cerberus, Smarglang dog, death - these concepts in their essence mean the most beautiful deity - a fiery wolf or a dog. In the ancient Slavs, this fiery wolf with falcon wings, a very common image. Rusi saw semarlands as a winged wolf or a wolf with wings and head of falcon, and sometimes his paws were falcon. If you remember mythology, we will see that not only the horse was devoted to the sun, but also the wolf, and falcon. It is worth looking at the chronicle letters, the frames, ancient embroidery and decoration of houses, homemade utensils, armor and we will see that Wolf Falcon SEMARGL meets very often. For the rules, SMARGL was as important as for the Chinese - dragon, and for Celts - unicorn.

The wolf and falcon are rapidly, fearless (attack on the superior enemy's force), devotees (wolf, even being hungry, will not eat relatives like a dog). Warriors often identified with wolves (warrior wolf).

Do not forget that the wolf and falcon clean the forest from weak animals, curable nature and producing natural selection. Images of gray wolf and falcon are often found in fairy tales, epics, songs, ancient monuments of writing, such as the "word about the regiment of Igor".
In each Slavs, Semargl lives, which fights with diseases and evil in the human body. Drinking, smoking, lazy, degrading man kills his semarlang, gets sick and dies

Striboga - Strizh, rapid, fast, smart, striving, jet, and even if you want, string. All these concepts mean the flow, speed, distribution, spreading. If you connect all this to one, before us the image of the wind and everything that is connected with it. This is the warm breath of summer, then a frantic impulse with rain and thunderstorms, then a hurricane, a tornado, the cold breath of the North, snowfall and smearing.

Rus is the land of northern, and in it there is a icy midnight wind. Cold and hungry february - just his time, it was this month that it was especially long and frightening howling hungry wolves, whom he drives his ice breath to hunt. Only crows are bathed in jets of the North Wind. And at night, the quick shadows of predatory rocks slide among the Purgi, making on yellow eyes and make meowing chilling soul.

In April, arrive from the east with a young warm day blow. At night he will breathe cold damp.

In summer, the stribog will blow up from noon (south), in the afternoon burning with heat, and at night caressing warmth. And in the fall, having flown off the sunset (West), as in the spring, will warmly warm, and at night - to chop.

In the autumn and in the spring, the stribog accelerates clouds, opening the warm, light sun. In the summer he brings rains to drought, so that the harvest does not die, the wings of the mill rotates, grinding the grain into the flour, from which then they knew bread.

Rusa considered themselves stribly grandchildren. Striboga is our breath, it is air in which words are sounded, smells are spread and the light dissipates, which allows you to see the surrounding. Striboga is vital to all alive. He is a lord of birds and is often depicted in the form of the blowing head or rider.

Horse, Horosta, Brushwood, Horst, Cross, Chair, Spark, Horror, Horo, Kolo, Wheel, Koltimot, Cole, Cutters, Circle, Blood, Red - All these words are related to each other and designate concepts associated with fire, circle, red Color. If you merge them into one, the image of the Sun, described allegorically appears before us.

The beginning of the new year Slavs celebrated on December 22 - on the day of the winter solstice. It was believed that this day is born a small brown sun in the image of a boy - Horsa. The new sun has completed the course of the Old Sun (old year) and opened the course of next year. While the sun is still weak, the night and the cold, which came from the old year dominate the Earth, but every day the Great Horsa (as mentioned in the "Word about Igor's regiment") grows, and the sun is growing.

Our ancestors met the solstice to the carols, wore Kolovrat on the sixth (eight-pointed star) - the sun, they put on the masses of the totem animals, who were connected in the minds of people with the images of the ancient gods: Bear -Velles, Cow - Makos, goat - cheerful and at the same time evil hyposta of Veles , Horse - Sun, Swan - Lada, Duck-Rowing (the ancestor of the world), Rooster - symbol of time, sunrise and sunset, and so on.

On the mountain burned the wheel, lined straw, as if helping the sun shining, then riding on sledding, skating, skiing, playing in snowballs, cams and walls wall on the wall, songs, dances, competition, playing. People went to each other on a visit, everyone tried to get better treating those who came to the new year in the new year the abundance.

The harsh North Rus loved young fun. Forced to live and work in difficult conditions, our rapusts up to the 20th century were sent by the people of cheerful and hospitable who could relax.
Horsa is a male deity that embodies the desire of boys and adult husbands to knowledge, spiritual growth, self-improvement, to overcoming the difficulties encountered in the lives and finding faithful solutions.

Yaril, rage, torn, Yar (Northern in antiquity meant "village", as they used to live in the outstands with a hearth), brightness. These words are combined by the concept of enhancing brightness, light. Indeed, after the arrival of Spring there is a quick gain of the day and gain heat. Everything comes to life, grows, stretches to the sun. Nature is resurrected in the image of the beautiful Lada. Yarilo, melting snow, lives Mother - the Earth with Milk Water.

Yarilo - the sun in the image of the young, the full strength of the groom jumps on horseback to his liberty. Hurry up to create family and raising children (harvest, young animals, birds, fish, etc.).

For the summer solstice, Yarilo is gaining full force. He lives in truth and love with the earth, giving birth to new lives in summer. By June 22, Yarilo turns into Belboga, the day is the longest, nature is domained by him and loves him. The state of Yarily is the condition of all young guys.

On the fourth month of the year (now April), Rusichi began the most important for the entire Slavic clan of agricultural work: a plowing, grazing of livestock, then hunting, fisheries, Bortfreathe, gardening, gardening. Such was the life of the peasants (by the way, the word "peasant" happened from "Cross, Chairs, Horsa", and "Floating" - from "Fire", which is bred in the furnace).

Readers may have an erroneous opinion that some gods served in Slavs by the incarnation of evil, others - good. No, Rusichi, Children of Nature, took it in all manifestations, knew how to be useful for her and with gratitude to take her what they need. The gods, like people, combined both starts - and positive, and negative. For example, Yarilo gives heat and light, but if they use it unreasonable, there will be a sunnd. And Moraine, though cold, more than once helped Rus, hollowing the troops of Hitler and Napoleon.