Which nation is the most in the world. National composition of the world's population
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1. National composition population of the world. Its changes and geographic differences. The largest nations in the world.
2. Mechanical engineering is a leading branch of modern industry. Composition, features of placement. Countries that stand out in terms of the level of development of mechanical engineering.
3. Determination of the main articles of export and import of one of the countries of the world (at the choice of the teacher).
1. National composition of the world's population. Its changes and geographic differences. The largest nations in the world.
There are about 3-4 thousand peoples or ethnic groups in the world, some of which have developed into a nation, while others are nationalities and tribes.
For your information: an ethnos is a historically formed, stable community of people, which has a set of such characteristics as a common language, territory, peculiarities of life and culture, ethnic identity.
The peoples of the world are classified:
I. By number:
In total, there are more than 300 peoples in the world, with more than 1 million people each, accounting for 96% of the total population of the Earth. Including more than 5 million people have about 130 nations, over 10 million - 76 nations, over 25 million - 35 nations, over 100 million - 7 nations.
For your information: 7 most numerous peoples:
1) Chinese (Han) - 1,048 million people (in the PRC - 97% of the total number of people in the country);
2) Hindus - 223 million people (in India - 99.7%);
3) Americans of the USA - 187 million people. (in the USA - 99.4%);
4) Bengalis - 176 million. (in Bangladesh - 59%, in India - 40%);
5) Russians - 146 million people. (in Russia - 79.5%);
6) Brazilians - 137 million people. (in Brazil - 99.7%);
7) Japanese - 123 million people. (in Japan - 99%).
But there are peoples of less than 1 thousand people.
II. By language proximity:
Related languages are grouped into groups, which in turn form language families.
1) Indo-European language family- the most numerous, its languages are spoken by 150 peoples of Europe, Asia, America and Australia; the total number is more than 2.5 billion people.
This language family includes a number of groups:
· Romanesque (French, Italians, Spaniards, Latin Americans);
· Germanic (Germans, British, Americans);
· Slavic (Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Czechs, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats);
· Celtic (Irish);
· Baltic (Lithuanians);
· Greek (Greeks);
· Albanian;
· Armenian;
· Iranian (Persians, Kurds).
2) The Sino-Tibetan language group: more than 1 billion people speak its languages.
Somewhat less numerous language families:
3) Afrasian.
4) Altai.
5) Niger-Kordofan.
6) Dravidian.
7) Austronesian.
8) Ural.
9) Caucasian.
National criteria underlie the division of humanity into states.
If on their territory the main nationality is more than 90%, then these are single-national states (Denmark, Sweden, Latvia, Japan, etc.).
If two nations prevail - bi-national (Belgium, Canada, etc.).
If tens and even hundreds of peoples live in countries and make up a significant proportion of them, they are multinational states (India, Russia, USA, Spain, Great Britain, Nigeria, Indonesia, etc.).
2. Mechanical engineering is a leading branch of modern industry. Composition, features of placement. Countries that stand out in terms of the level of development of mechanical engineering.
Mechanical engineering is one of the oldest branches of the economy. As an industry, it originated 200 years ago during the Industrial Revolution in England.
Mechanical engineering provides other sectors of the economy with equipment and machines, and produces many household and cultural items.
In terms of the number of employees (more than 80 million people) and in terms of the cost of production, it ranks first among all branches of the world industry.
The level of development of mechanical engineering is used to judge the level of development of the economy of any country.
There are the following main industries (there are more than 70 of them) of mechanical engineering:
1) machine tool construction;
2) instrumentation;
3) electrical and electronic industry;
4) computer technology;
5) railway engineering;
6) automotive industry;
7) shipbuilding;
8) aviation and rocket industry;
9) tractor and agricultural engineering, etc.
The location of engineering enterprises is influenced by many factors.
The main ones should be noted: transport; availability of qualified labor resources; consumer; and for some (metal-intensive) industries - and raw materials.
V recent times there is a decrease in the dependence of mechanical engineering on metal sources, but its focus on labor resources, scientific centers, etc.
There are four engineering regions in the world:
1) North America: where almost all types of engineering products are produced, from the highest to medium and low complexity.
Major corporations:
· Automobile (USA): "General Motors", "Ford Motor", "Chrysler";
· Computer technology (USA): "International Business Machines";
· Electronics (USA): General Electric, American Telephone and Telegraph, etc.
2) Foreign Europe (in relation to the CIS): produces mainly mass machine-building products, but retains its positions in some of the newest industries.
Major corporations:
· Automobile (Germany): "Daimler - Benz"; Volkswagenwerk;
· Electronics: Germany - Siemens, the Netherlands - Philips, etc.
3) East and Southeast Asia: Japan leads here.
The region combines products of mass mechanical engineering with products of the highest technology - centers of science.
Large corporations:
· Cars (Japan): Toyota Motor, Nissan Motor;
· Electronics (Japan): "Hitachi", "Matsushita electric industrial", "Samsung", etc.
4) Commonwealth of Independent States: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus are leading in it.
Recently, the pace of development of mechanical engineering has decreased in the region, although it produces a wide range of engineering products.
Developing countries produce less than 1/10 of the world's mechanical engineering products. In most of these states, there is no mechanical engineering, but it is more correct to call it metalworking, in addition to this there are many assembly plants that receive machine parts from the United States, Western Europe and Japan.
But recently, in some of them - Brazil, India, Argentina, Mexico - mechanical engineering has already reached a fairly high level.
3. Determination of the main articles of export and import of one of the countries of the world (at the choice of the teacher).
Any state in the world can be characterized by the following plan of the answer.
Take, for example, Japan is one of the 7 economically developed countries in the world.
For the answer were used: statistical materials; maps of industries of the world; atlas maps of Japan (economics).
Imports to Japan (importation of products):
1) raw materials: fuel - 49%, ore, for the textile industry (textile fiber), etc.;
2) products of the chemical industry (acids, alkalis, fertilizers, petroleum products);
3) food products (grain, etc.).
Export to Japan: products, products of the following industries:
1) mechanical engineering (cars, ships, electronics, machine tools, watches);
2) ferrous metallurgy (steel, rolled metal);
3) non-ferrous metallurgy;
4) chemical industry (synthetic fibers, rubber);
5) light industry (fabrics, clothing).
From the above, we can conclude that in Japan, as in one of the developed countries, the following tendency is observed: the import of mainly raw materials and food products (preferably from developing countries) due to the lack of their own natural resources; and export of finished expensive products, both to the developing countries of Asia, and to the developed countries - Europe and America.
Ticket number 17
Russia is famous as a multinational state; more than 190 peoples live on the territory of the country. Most of them ended up in the Russian Federation peacefully, thanks to the annexation of new territories. Each nation is distinguished by its history, culture and heritage. Let us examine in more detail the ethnic composition of Russia, considering separately each ethnic group.
Large nationalities of Russia
Russians are the most numerous indigenous ethnic group living on the territory of Russia. The number of Russian people in the world is equal to 133 million people, but some sources indicate the figure is up to 150 million. V Russian Federation more than 110 (almost 79% of the total population of the country) million Russians live, most of Russians also live in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. If we consider the map of Russia, then the Russian people are distributed in great numbers throughout the entire territory of the state, living in every region of the country ...
Tatars, in comparison with Russians, make up only 3.7% of the total population of the country. Tatar people has a population of 5.3 million. This ethnos lives all over the country, the most densely populated city of Tatars is Tatarstan, more than 2 million people live there, and the most sparsely populated region is Ingushetia, where not even a thousand people from the Tatar people will be recruited ...
The Bashkirs are the indigenous people of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The number of Bashkirs is about 1.5 million people - this is 1.1% of the total all residents of the Russian Federation. Most of the 1.5 million people (about 1 million) live in the territory of Bashkortostan. The rest of the Bashkirs live throughout Russia, as well as in the CIS countries ...
Chuvash are indigenous Chuvash Republic... Their number is 1.4 million people, which is 1.01% of the total national composition of Russians. If you believe the census, then about 880 thousand Chuvash live on the territory of the republic, the rest live in all regions of Russia, as well as in Kazakhstan and Ukraine ...
Chechens are a people settled in the North Caucasus, Chechnya is considered their homeland. In Russia, the number of the Chechen people was 1.3 million, but according to statistics, since 2015, the number of Chechens on the territory of the Russian Federation has increased to 1.4 million. This nation makes up 1.01% of the total population of Russia ...
The Mordovian people have a population of about 800 thousand people (about 750 thousand), which is 0.54% of the total population. Most of the people live in Mordovia - about 350 thousand people, followed by the regions: Samara, Penza, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk. Least of all, this ethnic group lives in the Ivanovo and Omsk regions, there will not be even 5 thousand belonging to the Mordovian people ...
The Udmurt people have a population of 550 thousand people - this is 0.40% of the total population of our vast Motherland. Most of the ethnic group lives in the Udmurt Republic, and the rest is dispersed across neighboring regions - Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk region, Perm Territory, Kirov region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. A small part Udmurt people migrated to Kazakhstan and Ukraine ...
Yakuts represent indigenous population Yakutia. Their number is equal to 480 thousand people - this is about 0.35% of the total national composition in the Russian Federation. Yakuts make up the majority of the inhabitants of Yakutia and Siberia. They also live in other regions of Russia, the regions most densely populated by Yakuts are Irkutsk and Magadan regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khabarovsk and Primorsky District ...
According to statistics available after the population census, 460,000 Buryats live in Russia. This is 0.32% of the total number of Russians. Most (about 280 thousand people) of the Buryats live in Buryatia, being the indigenous population of this republic. The rest of the people of Buryatia live in other regions of Russia. The most densely populated Buryat territory is the Irkutsk region (77 thousand) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (73 thousand), and the less populated - Kamchatka Territory and Kemerovo Region, there are no more 2000 thousand Buryats ...
The number of the Komi people living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 230 thousand people. This figure is 0.16% of the total population in Russia. For living, this people chose not only the Komi Republic, which is their immediate homeland, but also other regions of our vast country. The Komi people meet in the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Omsk regions, as well as in the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi autonomous districts ...
The people of Kalmykia are indigenous to the Republic of Kalmykia. Their number is 190 thousand people, if compared in percentage, then 0.13% of the total population living in Russia. Most of these people, not counting Kalmykia, live in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions - about 7 thousand people. And least of all Kalmyks live in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Stavropol Territory - less than a thousand people ...
Altaians are the indigenous people of Altai, therefore they live mainly in this republic. Although some of the population left historical territory habitat, now they live in the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. The total number of the Altai people is 79 thousand people, in percent - 0.06 of the total number of Russians ...
The Chukchi belong to a small people from the northeastern part of Asia. In Russia, the Chukchi people have a small number - about 16 thousand people, their people make up 0.01% of the total population of our multinational country... These people are scattered throughout Russia, but most of them settled in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yakutia, Kamchatka Territory and Magadan Region ...
These are the most common peoples that you can meet in the vastness of Mother Russia. However, the list is far from complete, because there are also foreigners in our country. For example, Germans, Vietnamese, Arabs, Serbs, Romanians, Czechs, Americans, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, French, Italians, Slovaks, Croats, Tuvinians, Uzbeks, Spanish, British, Japanese, Pakistanis, etc. Most of the listed ethnic groups make up 0.01% of the total number, but there are peoples with more than 0.5%.
You can go on endlessly, because the vast territory of the Russian Federation is capable of accommodating many peoples under one roof, both indigenous and arriving from other countries and even continents.
The concept of "people" has several meanings. It is understood as the population of a country (for example, the people of India, the people of Switzerland, the people of France, etc.), workers, just a group, a crowd of people (in the expression: there are a lot of people on the street, etc.) and, finally , what scientists call the term "ethnos", "ethnic community". Ethnicity (people) is defined as a historically established in a certain territory a stable set of people who have common relatively stable features of language, culture and psyche, as well as the consciousness of their unity and difference from all other similar formations.
There are several thousand peoples living in the world. They differ from each other in their number, level social development, language and culture, racial identity.
The leader of the tribe is dancing. New Guinea.
Swazi woman in festive clothing. Swaziland.
The art of Tunisian carpet makers is known all over the world.
Children's holiday in Hanoi.
thumb | Mongolian woman in national costume.
Norwegian schoolchildren.
Girls from the island of Nauru.
Big Indian bazaar in the city of Toluca. Mexico.
frame | right | Belarusian folk holiday.
frame | right | Harvesting sugar cane in Cuba.
Modern races of the world.
frame | center | Representatives of the main races.
A Tajik girl picking cotton.
Residents of Yakutia are accustomed to severe frosts.
Fluctuations in numbers different ethnic groups very significant. So, the number of the largest peoples exceeds 100 million people. These are the Chinese, Hindus, US Americans, Bengalis, Russians, Brazilians, Japanese. Tiny endangered ethnic groups (more precisely, fragments of ethnic groups) do not count even 10 people today. These include Ouma, Yoba, Bina in Papua New Guinea, and others. Differences of ethnic groups are no less significant in terms of the level of socio-economic development: peoples highly developed in public relations... Linguistic and cultural differences are also very great. Each nation speaks a special language, although it happens that the same language is used by several ethnic groups, or, conversely, one ethnic group speaks several languages. At the same time, many languages are related to each other, and the degree of this relationship is different. The range of similarities and differences in culture is also significant. different nations.
The principles of classification of the peoples of the world are different. In ethnography, an ethnolinguistic classification is most often used, which groups all peoples according to linguistic kinship. This classification also helps in historical research, as it gives a genetic interpretation of the existing similarities between peoples. According to the ethnolinguistic classification, the peoples of the world are divided into the following families: Indo-European, Afrasian (Semitic-Hamitic), Kartvelian, Ural (Ural-Yukaghir), Dravidian, Altai, Eskimo-Aleutian, Chukchi-Kamchatka, North Caucasian, Sino-Tibetan Austro-Asian, Austronesian, Paratai, Na-dene, North-Amerindian, Central Amerindian, Chibcha-paes, Zhe-Pano-Caribbean, Andean, Equatorial-Tukanoan, Australian, Andaman, Niger-Kordofan, Nilo-Saharan, and also several Khoisanian. Along with the peoples united by the families listed, there are also ethnic groups that occupy a linguistically isolated position. These are Basques, Burish, Kets, Nivkhs, Ainu, etc.
The largest of the families is Indo-European, comprising 45% of the world's population. The peoples of this family live in most of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, foreign Europe, Iran and Afghanistan, in the northern and central regions of South Asia. They also prevail today in America and Australia. (All peoples belonging to one or another family are named in the appendix to the article.
The Kartvelian family is small (0.1% of the world's population). It includes Georgians living in the Transcaucasus and ethnic communities close to them. The peoples of the Ural (Ural-Yukaghir) family (0.5% of the world's population) live in the Trans-Urals, in the extreme north of Siberia, in the Volga region, in the north of the European part of Russia, in the Baltic states, Finland, and in the north of Scandinavia and in Hungary. The Dravidian family (4% of the world's population) is concentrated mainly in South Asia. The peoples of the Altai family (6% of the world's population) form a number of geographically unconnected areas from the Balkan Peninsula to the Russian Of the Far East... Many scientists consider the groups included in it to be genetically unrelated and attribute them to several different families.
A small Eskimo-Aleutian family, whose range mainly covers the extreme north of North America and Greenland, unites, as the name implies, the Eskimos and Aleuts. Small peoples of the Chukchi-Kamchatka family (Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen) live in the extreme north-east of our country.
The peoples of the Afrasian family (5% of the world's population) are settled in South-West Asia and North Africa. The Afrasian family includes the Semitic, Berber, Kushite and Chadian groups.
The North Caucasian family is relatively small in size (0.1% of the world's population). It includes two groups - Abkhazian-Adyghe and Nakh-Dagestan.
The Sino-Tibetan family (23% of the world's population) is second only in size to the Indo-European family (it includes the Chinese, the most numerous people on the ground).
The peoples of the Miao-Yao family (0.2% of the world's population) live in China, as well as in Vietnam and some other countries of Southeast Asia. The two most significant ethnic communities are Miao and Yao, hence the name of the family. Some researchers consider Miao-Yao to be a group within the Sino-Tibetan family, while others consider it to be a group within the Austro-Asian family.
The peoples of the Austro-Asian family (2% of the world's population) live for the most part in Southeast Asia, as well as in the adjacent regions of South and East Asia.
The Austronesian family (5% of the world's population) unites peoples living in a vast area from Madagascar to Hawaii and Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean.
The Paratai family (it owns 1.5% of the world's population) is concentrated in the countries of Southeast Asia and neighboring regions of China. It does not always stand out as an independent unit. Some scholars consider it to be a group of the Sino-Tibetan family, while others unite the Paratai and Austronesian families.
The Indian peoples of America are linguistically subdivided into the families of Na-Dene, North Amerindian, Central Amerindian, Chibcha-paes (south of Central and northern South America), Pan-Caribbean, Andean, equatorial-Tucanoan. Of these families, the most significant is the Andean family (0.4% of the world's population), it includes the largest indian people- Quechua.
The Australian family, as its name suggests, is based in Australia. It unites the very small indigenous peoples of this continent.
The Andaman family consists of several very small ethnic groups of the Adaman Islands (ongyo and others).
In New Guinea and adjacent islands (New Guinea region by difficulty ethnic structure surpasses any other region of the world) Papuan peoples live, linguistically united in ten families: transnova guinea, western papuan, sepik-rama, torricelli, east-papuan, east chendravasikh gulf of Chendravasih, kvomtari, arai, amto-musian. Only the first five families are significant, of which the trans-New Guinean family stands out (the peoples that make up 0.1% of the world's population).
The peoples of sub-Saharan Africa form three families: Niger-Kordofan (6% of the world's population), Nilo-Saharan (0.6%) and Khoisan. The Nilo-Saharan family as a whole is localized north of the Niger-Kordofan family, on the southern periphery of Africa and in Tanzania, small peoples of the Khoisan family live (Hottentots, Bushmen, etc.).
A number of peoples of the world are linguistically isolated. Two peoples, isolated in language, - the Nivkhs and the Kets (both are very small in number) - live in the Asian part of our country. In the extreme north of South Asia, in the Karakorum mountains, there is a small people of Burish, whose language also occupies an isolated position. In Europe, an isolated language is spoken by the Basques living in the Pyrenees, on both sides of the border between Spain and France. Isolated languages are also spoken by the Ainu (Hokkaido island, Japan). Finally, a large group of peoples speaking isolated languages lives in New Guinea (Borumeso, Varenbori, Pauvi, etc.), but perhaps the classification of the languages of the New Guinean peoples as isolated is not the result of true genetic isolation, but a consequence of their still poor study.
Some researchers are trying to identify a more distant linguistic relationship, highlighting, in addition to families, also macrofamilies. So, for example, Indo-European, Kartvelian, Dravidian, Ural-Yukaghir, Altai, Eskimo-Aleutian, and sometimes Afrasian family combined into a Nostratic macrofamily; all Amerindian families (except Na-Dene) are in the Amerindian macrofamily.
In addition to the ethnolinguistic classification, there is also an areal classification, when peoples are grouped into large regions called historical-cultural or historical-ethnographic areas. Within these areas in the process of a long historical development a certain cultural community has developed.
The peoples of the world are also divided into three main races: Caucasian (or Caucasian), Mongoloid and Negroid. The eastern range of Negroids is often regarded as a special Australoid large race. Some foreign scientists distinguish more the main human races, for example the Americanoids, Lapanoids, the Malay race, etc. (see map).
As a result of the mixing of various large races, the so-called contact races were formed, of which there are now quite a few. So, from the mixing of the eastern branch of the northern Caucasians and the northern Mongoloids, the Uralic (Ural-Laponoid) racial group arose. The mixed group includes the South Siberian group that emerged from the first centuries of the new era on the vast steppe space between the Urals and the Yenisei, in which Mongoloid features predominate. In the Middle Ages, in more southern regions, mixed Central Asian groups were formed, with the dominance of the Caucasian element in most cases. In the east and southeast of Asia, there was a zone of contact between Mongoloids and Australoids, where a number of mixed forms arose at different times, for example, the South Asian group with a preponderance of Mongoloid features.
APPLICATION
INDO-EUROPEAN FAMILY Slavic group Russian Ukrainians Belarusians Poles Czechs, Slovaks Serbs, Montenegrins, Muslim Slavs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians Bulgarians Baltic group Lithuanians Latvians German group Germans Austrians German-Swiss Alsatians, Dutch-Americans, Dutch-Americans, Dutch-Americans, European, Dutch, Dutch-Americans, Dutch-Americans, Dutch-Americans, Flemish-Americans Scottish and Anglo-Irish Anglo-Canadians Anglo-Australians, Anglo-Zealanders Anglo-Africans Americans USA, including African Americans Anglo-speaking peoples of Central America, West Indies and South America (Bahamians, Jamaicans, etc.) and the islands Atlantic Ocean(Sektelentsy, tristantsy) The Swedish Norwegians Icelanders Faroese Danes Celtic group Irish Welsh Breton roman group Italians Sardinians Italoshveytsartsy Corsicans French Walloons Frankoshveytsartsy French Canadians Gvadeluptsy, martiniktsy, gviantsy, gaitiytsy, reyunontsy, Mauritians, Seychellois Cubans Dominicans Puertorriqueños Mexicans Guatemalans Hondurans Salvadorans Nicaraguans Costa Ricans Panamanians Venezuelans Colombians Ecuadorians Peruvians Bolivians Chileans Argentines Paraguayans Uruguayans Spanish Catalans Portuguese, Caboverians Galician Brazilians Romanians Moldavians Albanian group Albanians Greek group Greeks Armenian group Armenians Iranian group Persians Kurds, Lurs, Bakhtiars Baluchis Tajiks, Hazaras Afghans (Pashtuns) Ossetians Nuristani Nuristanis Indo-Aryan group Bengalis Assamis Oria Bihar Hindus Rajasthanis Gujarati Marathi, Pandjabis Malakhians Sindhi Shindhians Nepalis others peoples Gypsies AFRASIAN FAMILY Semitic group Arab peoples (Egyptians, Syrians, Algerians, etc.) Maltese Jews of Israel Amhara, Gurage, Tigers, Tigers Berber group of Kabila, Tamazight, Shilkh, Tuaregs and others Kushomali group of Afarmo Sistema and others Chadian group Hausa, Angas, Kotoko and others KARTVELSKAYA FAMILY Georgians DRAVIDIAN FAMILY Tamils Malayali Kannara Telugu Gondy, Oraon, Bragui and other Dravidian peoples URAL-YUKAGIR FAMILY Finno-Ugric group Finns Karelians, Mari, Sami Sami Hungarians Khanty, m Ansi Samoyed group Nenets, Nganasans, Selkups Yukagir group Yukagir Eskimo-Aleutian family Eskimos, Aleuts ALTAI FAMILY Turkic group Turks Azerbaijanis Various Turkic-speaking peoples of Iran Turkmens Tatars, Crimean Tatars Bashkirs Karachais, Balkars, Kumyks, Nogays Kazakhs Karakalpaks Kyrgyz Uzbeks Uighurs Altaians, Shors, Khakases Tuvinians Yakuts, Dolgans Chuvashes Mongolian group Khalkha Mongols Oirats Kalmyks Buryats Mongols of the PRC Tungus-Manchu group Evenks, Evens, Nanai, Udege and other Manchus Korean group Koreans Japanese group Japanese NIVKHI Nivkhi CHUKOTA-KAMCHATSKAYA FAMILY Chukchi Koryaks Itelmen NIGERO-KORDOFAN FAMILY Niger-Congo group West Atlantic subgroup Fulbe, Wolof, Serer, Diola, Darke, Kishi, Kishi and other Subgroup of Central Nigur and others peoples Gur Bakwe, Bethe and other peoples Kru Akan, Anyi, Baule, Ewe, von Ijo Yoruba, Nupe, Bini, Igbo, Ibibio, Tiv, Bamileke and others Fang, Mongo, Rwanda, Rundi, Ganda, Luhya, Kikuyu, Kamba, Nyamwezi, Swahili, Congo, Luba, Bemba, Malawi, Makua, Ovimbundu, Shona, Tswana, Pedi, Suto, Kosa, Zulu, Tsonga and other peoples of the Bantu Zande, Chamba, Mbum, Ganga, Gbaya and other Adamaua-Ubangi peoples Group of Mandea Malinke, Bambara, Soninke, Susu, Mende and others Kordofan group Ebang, Kadugli and others NILO-SAKHAR FAMILY East Sudan group Nubians, Dinka, Kalenjin, Luo and others Central Sudanese group Bongo, sara, baghirmi, moru, mangbetu group Berta group and others Berta group kunama Kunama Saharan group Kanuri, tubu and others Songhai group Songai and others Fur group Mabang group Mabang and others Komuz group Koma and others KOISAN FAMILY Bushmen, hottentots BASKI BASKI BURISHI Burishi, NORTH KAZAZSKAYA Cherygazy family Abkhazians -Dagestan group Chechens, Ingush, Avars, Dargins, Lezgins and other KETs Kets SINO-TIBETAN FAMILY Chinese, Hui Bai Tibetans, Bhutanese and others Myanmar Yizu, Tujia, Hani, Manipur, Naga, Karens, Kachin, Nevaro, Bodo, Bodo Tamang and others AUSTRIAN FAMILY Mon-Khmer group Vieta, Muong Khmers, mountain Khmers Asli group of Semangi, Senoi Nikobar group Nikobar Group of Khasi Khasi Group of Munda Munda, Santalas and others FAMILY OF MYAO-YAKAYO PAYAO , thai and others Dun, Li and others AUSTRONESIAN FAMILY West Austronesian group Malays of Malaysia, Cham Javans, Sund, Madurians, Mala people of Indonesia, Minangkabau and other Tagaly, Bisaya, Iloki and others Chamorro, Belau, Yap Malagasy Central Austronesian group Ende, Atoni, Tetum, Ambonians and other East Austronesian group South Halmachers, Biak-Numforians and other Melanesians, Michele Fijians and others , Marshalls, Kiribati, Nauru and others) Polynesians (Tonga, Samoa, Tuvalu, Maori, Tahitians, Hawaiians and others) Taiwanese Gaoshan groups ANDAMAN FAMILY Andamanians PAPUAN FAMILIES Enga, Huli, Hagen, Chimbati, Abelamo, Dani, Dani Papuan peoples AUSTRALIAN FAMILY AINA Aboriginal Australians AinuINDIAN FAMILIES
FAMILY ON-DAY Athabasca (Navajo, Apaches and others), Tlingit, Haida NORTH AMERINIAN FAMILY Maya, kekchi, quiche, kakchikel, Algonquins, Sioux and others CENTRAL AMERINIAN FAMILY Aztecs, Shoshone, Sapotek, Mishtek and others paes and others AND FAMILY Quechua, Aymara, Araucans and others EQUATORIAL-TUKANOAN FAMILY Arawaki, tupi, toucano and others JE-PANO-CARIBBEAN FAMILY Caribbean, pano, and others
Only on the territory of Russia there are 65 small peoples, and the number of some of them does not exceed a thousand people. There are hundreds of similar peoples on Earth, and each carefully preserves its customs, language and culture.
In our today's top ten there are the smallest nations in the world.
This small nation lives on the territory of Dagestan, and its population is only 443 people as of the end of 2010. For a long time, the Ginukhs were not singled out as a separate ethnos, since the Ginukh language was considered only one of the dialects of the Tsez language common in Dagestan.
9. Selkups
Until the 1930s, representatives of this West Siberian people were called Ostyak-Samoyeds. The number of Selkups is just over 4 thousand people. They live mainly on the territory of the Tyumen, Tomsk regions, as well as the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
8. Nganasans
This people lives on the Taimyr Peninsula, and its number is about 800 people. Nganasans are the most northern people in Eurasia. Until the middle of the 20th century, the people led a nomadic lifestyle, driving herds of deer over great distances; today the Nganasans live sedentary.
7. Orochons
The place of residence of this small ethnic group- China and Mongolia. The population is about 7 thousand people. The history of the people is more than a thousand years old, the Orochons are mentioned in many documents relating to the early Chinese imperial dynasties.
6. Evenki
This indigenous people of Russia lives in Eastern Siberia. This nation is the most numerous in our ten - its number is quite sufficient to inhabit a small town. There are about 35 thousand Evenks in the world.
5. Chum salmon
Chum salmon live in the north of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The population of this people is less than 1500 people. Until the middle of the 20th century, representatives of the ethnos were called Ostyaks, as well as Yenisei. The Ket language belongs to the Yenisei language group.
4. Chulyms
The number of this indigenous people of Russia is 355 people as of 2010. Despite the fact that most of the Chulym residents recognize Orthodoxy, the ethnos carefully preserves some of the traditions of shamanism. Chulyms live mainly in the Tomsk region. It is interesting that the Chulym language has no written language.
3. Basins
The number of this people living in Primorye is only 276 people. The Taz language is a mixture of one of the Chinese dialects with the Nanai language. Now this language is spoken by less than half of those who consider themselves to be among the cans.
2. Livy
This extremely small people lives in the territory of Latvia. The main occupations of the Livs from time immemorial were piracy, fishing and hunting. Today the people have almost completely assimilated. According to official figures, the Livs left only 180 people.
1. Pitcairns
This nation is the smallest in the world and lives on the small island of Pitcairn in Oceania. The population of Pitcairns is about 60 people. All of them are descendants of the sailors of the British warship Bounty, who landed here in 1790. The Pitcairn language is a mixture of simplified English, Tahitian and marine vocabulary.