What is the name of the number 1. In large numbers loud names
June 17th, 2015
"I see the clusters of vague numbers that are hiding there in the dark, behind a small spot of light, which gives a mind candle. They whisper with each other; Conduousing who knows about what. Perhaps they are not very fond of the capture of their smaller brothers by our minds. Or, perhaps, they simply lead a unambiguous numeric lifestyle, there beyond our understanding.
Douglas Ray
We continue our. Today we have numbers ...
Each early or later torments the question, and what the largest number. On the question of the child can be answered by a million. What's next? Trillion. And even further? In fact, the answer to the question is what the largest numbers are simple. To the large number, it is simply worth adding a unit, as it will not be the largest. This procedure can be continued to infinity.
And if you wonder: what is the largest number, and what is his own name?
Now we will find out ...
There are two numbers name systems - American and English.
The American system is pretty simple. All the names of large numbers are built like this: at the beginning there is a Latin sequence numerical, and at the end, suffix is \u200b\u200badded to it. The exception is the name "Million" which is the name of the number of a thousand (lat. mille) and magnifying suffix -illion (see table). So the numbers are trillion, quadrillion, quintillion, sextillion, septillion, octillion, nonillion and decillion. The American system is used in the USA, Canada, France and Russia. You can find out the number of zeros in the number written through the American system, it is possible by a simple formula 3 · X + 3 (where X is Latin numerical).
The English name system is most common in the world. She enjoyed, for example, in the UK and Spain, as well as in most former English and Spanish colonies. The names of the numbers in this system are built as follows: so: Sufifix -Ilion is added to the Latin number, the following number (1000 times more) is built on the principle - the same Latin numerical, but suffix - -lilliard. That is, after a trillion in the English system, trilliard goes, and only then the quadrillion followed by quadrilliore, etc. Thus, quadrillion in English and American systems are quite different numbers! You can find out the amount of zeros in the number recorded in the English system and the ending suffix-cylon, it is possible according to the formula 6 · X + 3 (where X is Latin numeral) and according to the formula 6 · x + 6 for the numbers ending on -ylard.
From the English system, only the number of billion (10 9) passed from the English system, which would still be more correctly called as the Americans call him - Billion, since we received the American system. But who in our country does something according to the rules! ;-) By the way, sometimes in Russian use the word trilliard (you can make sure about it, running the search in Google or Yandex) and it means, apparently, 1000 trillion, i.e. quadrillion.
In addition to the numbers recorded with the help of Latin prefixes on the American or England system, the so-called non-systemic numbers are known, i.e. Numbers that have their own names without any Latin prefixes. There are several such numbers, but I will tell you more about them a little later.
Let's return to the record with Latin numerals. It would seem that they can be recorded to the numbers before concern, but it is not quite so. Now I will explain why. Let's see for a start called numbers from 1 to 10 33:
And now, the question arises, and what's next. What is there for Decillion? In principle, it is possible, of course, with the help of the combination of consoles to generate such monsters as: Andecilion, Duodeticillion, Treadsillion, Quarterdecillion, Quendecyllion, Semtecillion, Septecyllin, Oktodeticillion and New Smecillion, but it will already be composite names, and we were interested in our own names. numbers. Therefore, its own names on this system, in addition to the above, can still be obtained only three - Vigintillion (from Lat.viginti. - Twenty), Centillion (from Lat.centum. - One hundred) and Milleillion (from Lat.mille - one thousand). More than a thousand of their own names for numbers in the Romans was no longer (all numbers more than a thousand they had compounds). For example, a million (1,000,000) Romans calleddecies Centena Milia., that is, "ten hundred thousand". And now, in fact, Table:
Thus, according to a similar system, the number is greater than 10 3003 Which would be own, the inexpensive name is not possible! Nevertheless, the number more than Milleillion is known - these are the most generic numbers. Let's tell you finally, about them.
The smallest such number is Miriada (it is even in the Dala dictionary), which means hundreds of hundreds, that is - 10,000. The word is, however, it is outdated and practically not used, but it is curious that the word "Miriada" is widely used, which is widely used There is not a certain number at all, but countless, the incredible set of something. It is believed that the Word of Miriad (Eng. Myriad) came to European languages \u200b\u200bfrom ancient Egypt.
What about the origin of this number there are different opinions. Some believe that it originated in Egypt, others believe that it was born only in antique Greece. Be that as it may, in fact, I received Miriad's fame thanks to the Greeks. Miriada was the name for 10,000, and for numbers more than ten thousand names was not. However, in the note "Psammit" (i.e., the calculus of sand) Archimedes showed how to systematically build and call arbitrarily large numbers. In particular, placing grains in the poppy seeds of 10,000 (Miriad), he finds that in the universe (the ball with a diameter of the diameter of the earth) would fit (in our designations) not more than 1063
peschin. It is curious that modern counting of the number of atoms in the visible universe leads to67
(In total, Miriad times more). The names of the numbers Archimeda suggested such:
1 Miriad \u003d 10 4.
1 di-Miriada \u003d Miriad Miriad \u003d 108
.
1 tri-myriad \u003d di-myriad di-myriad \u003d 1016
.
1 tetra-myriad \u003d three-myriad three-myriad \u003d 1032
.
etc.
Gugol (from the English GOOGOL) is a number of ten at a hundredth, that is, a unit with a hundred zeros. About "Google" for the first time wrote in 1938 in the article "New Names in Mathematics" in the January issue of Scripta Mathematica magazine American mathematician Edward Kasner (Edward Kasner). According to him, to call "Gugol" a large number suggested his nine-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta (Milton Sirotta). Well-known this number was due to the search engine named after him Google . Please note that "Google" is a trademark, and googol - a number.
Edward Kasner (Edward Kasner).
On the Internet, you can often meet the mention that - but it is not so ...
In the famous Buddhist treatise, Jaina-Sutra, belonging to 100 g. BC, meets the number of Asankhey (from KIT. asianz - innumerable), equal to 10 140. It is believed that this number is equal to the number of space cycles required to gain nirvana.
Gugolplex (eng. googolplex) - the number also invented by Castner with his nephew and meaning a unit with google zeros, that is 10 10100 . Here's how Kasner himself describes this "Opening":
Words of Wisdom Are Spoken by Children At Least Asiss AS by Scientists. The Name "Googol" Was Invented by A Child (Dr. Kasner "S Nine-Year-Old NEPHEW) Who Was Asked to Think Up a Name For a Very Big Number, Namely, 1 With a Hundred Zeros After IT. He Was Very CERTIAIN THIS THIS NUMBER WAS NOT INFINITE, AND THEREFORE EQUALLY CERTAIN THAT IT TIME THAT A NAME. AT THE SAME TIME THAT HE SUGGESTED "GOOGOL" HE GAVE A NAME FOR A STILL LARGER NUMBER: "GOOGOLPLEX." A GOOGOLPLEX IS MUCH LARGER THAN A Googol, But Is Still Finite, As The Inventor of the Name Was Quick to Point Out.
Mathematics and the Imagination (1940) by Kasner and James R. NEWMAN.
Even more than a googolplex number - the number of Skuse (Skewes "Number) was proposed by Skews in 1933 (Skewes. J. London Math. SOC. 8, 277-283, 1933.) In the proof of Riman's hypothesis concerning prime numbers. It means e.in degree e.in degree e.to degree 79, that is, EE e. 79 . Later, Riel (Te Riele, H. J. J. "On the Sign of the Difference P(x) -li (x). " Math. Comput. 48, 323-328, 1987) reduced the number of Skuse to EE 27/4 that is approximately 8,185 · 10 370. It is clear that once the value of the number of Scyss depends on the number e., it is not a whole, so we will not consider it, otherwise I would have to remember other insignificant numbers - the number Pi, the number E, and the like.
But it should be noted that there is a second number of Skuse, which in mathematics is indicated as SK2, which is even more than the first number of Skusz (SK1). The second number of SkuszaIt was introduced by J. Skews in the same article for the designation of the number for which Rimnane's hypothesis is not valid. SK2 is 1010. 10103 , that is, 1010 101000 .
As you understand the more degrees, the harder it is to understand which of the numbers is more. For example, looking at the number of Skusz, without special calculations, it is almost impossible to understand which of these two numbers is more. Thus, for super-high numbers, it becomes inconvenient to use degrees. Moreover, you can come up with such numbers (and they are already invented), when the degrees are simply not climbed into the page. Yes, that on the page! They will not fit, even in a book, the size of the whole Universe! In this case, the question arises how to record them. The problem, as you understand, are solvable, and mathematics have developed several principles for recording such numbers. True, every mathematician who asked this problem came up with his way of recording, which led to the existence of several not related to each other, methods for recording numbers - these are notations of Knuta, Conway, Steinhause, etc.
Consider the notation of the Hugo Roach (H. Steinhaus. Mathematical Snapshots., 3rd EDN. 1983), which is pretty simple. Stein House offered to record large numbers inside geometric figures - triangle, square and circle:
Steinhauses came up with two new super-high numbers. He called the number - mega, and the number is Megiston.
Mathematics Leo Moser finalized the notation of the wallhause, which was limited by the fact that if it was required to record numbers a lot more Megiston, difficulties and inconvenience occurred, since it had to draw a lot of circles one inside the other. Moser suggested not circles after squares, and pentagons, then hexagons and so on. He also offered a formal entry for these polygons so that the numbers can be recorded without drawing complex drawings. The notation of Moser looks like this:
Thus, according to the notation of Mosel, Steinhouse mega is recorded as 2, and Megstone as 10. In addition, Leo Moser proposed to call a polygon with the number of sides to mega-megaagon. And offered the number "2 in the megagon", that is 2. This number became known as the Moser number (Moser "s Number) or simply as Moser.
But Moser is not the largest number. The largest number ever used in mathematical proof is the limit value known as the number of Graham (Graham "s Number), first used in 1977 in the proof of one assessment in the Ramsey theory. It is associated with bichromatic hypercubs and cannot be expressed Without a special 64-level system of special mathematical symbols introduced by the whip in 1976.
Unfortunately, the number recorded in the notation of the whip cannot be translated into a record on the Mosel system. Therefore, this system will have to explain. In principle, it also has nothing complicated. Donald Knut (yes, yes, this is the same whip that wrote the "Art of Programming" and created the TeX editor) invented the concept of a superpope, which offered to record the arrows directed upwards
In general, it looks like this:
I think everything is clear, so let us return to the number of Graham. Graham proposed the so-called G-numbers:
- G1 \u003d 3..3, where the number of superpope arrows is 33.
- G2 \u003d ..3, where the number of superpope arrows is equal to G1.
- G3 \u003d ..3, where the number of superpope arrows is equal to G2.
- G63 \u003d ..3, where the number of superpope arrows is G62.
The number G63 became known as Graham (it is often simple as G). This number is the largest number in the world in the world and entered even in the "Guinness Book of Records". And here
Have you ever thought how many zeros are in one million? This is a fairly simple question. What about a billion or trillion? Unit with nine zeros (10,000,000,000) - what is the name of the number?
Brief list of numbers and their quantitative designation
- Ten (1 zero).
- One hundred (2 zero).
- Thousand (3 zero).
- Ten thousands (4 zero).
- One hundred thousand (5 zeros).
- Million (6 zeros).
- Billion (9 zeros).
- Trillion (12 zeros).
- Quadrillion (15 zeros).
- Quintillon (18 zeros).
- Sextillion (21 zero).
- Septylon (24 zero).
- Occlicon (27 zeros).
- Nonalon (30 zeros).
- Decalon (33 zero).
Grouping zeros.
10,000,000 - what is the name of which there are 9 zeros? This is a billion. For convenience, large numbers are accepted to group three sets separated from each other with a space or such punctuation marks as a comma or point.
This is done in order to make it easier to read and understand quantitative importance. For example, what is the name of the number of 100,000,000? In this form, it is necessary to say a little, calculate. And if you write 1,000,000,000, then immediately visually the task is facilitated, so it is necessary to consider not zeros, but the top of the zeros.
Numbers with a very large number of zeros
Million and billion are from the most popular (1,000,000,000). What is the number having a 100 zeros? This is a number googol, called so Milton Sirette. This is wildly a huge amount. Do you think that this number is big? Then how about googolplex, the units behind which googol zerule? This figure is so great that it makes sense to come up with difficult for her. In fact, there is no need for such giants, except to count the number of atoms in the infinite universe.
1 billion is a lot?
There are two measurement scales - short and long. Worldwide in the field of science and finance 1 billion is 1,000 million. This is a short scale. There is a number with 9 zeros.
There is also a long scale that is used in some European countries, including in France, and used to be used in the UK (until 1971), where the billion was 1 million million, that is, a unit and 12 zeros. This gradation is also called a long-term scale. A short scale is now the predominant in solving financial and scientific issues.
Some European languages \u200b\u200bsuch as Swedish, Danish, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, German, use a billion (or Billion) in this system. In Russian, a number of 9 zeros is also described for a short scale of thousands of millions, and a trillion is a million million. This avoids unnecessary confusion.
Conversational options
In Russian spoken speech after the events of 1917 - the Great October Revolution - and the period of hyperinflation in the early 1920s. 1 billion rubles called Limard. And in the dashing 1990s for a billion, a new slang "Watermelon" appeared, a million called "Lemon".
The word "billion" is now used internationally. This is a natural number that is depicted in the decimal system, like 10 9 (unit and 9 zeros). There is also another name - Billion, which is not used in Russia and the CIS countries.
Billion \u003d Billion?
Such a word as Billion is used to designate a billion only in those states in which the "short scale" is adopted as a basis. These are countries such as the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, USA, Canada, Greece and Turkey. In other countries, the concept of Billion means the number 10 12, that is, one and 12 zeros. In countries with a "short scale", including in Russia, this figure corresponds to 1 trillion.
Such confusion appeared in France at a time when the formation of such science as an algebra took place. Initially, a billion had 12 zeros. However, everything changed after the emergence of the main arithmetic allowance (by Tranchan) in 1558), where a billion is an already number with 9 zeros (thousand million).
For several subsequent centuries, these two concepts were used on par with each other. In the middle of the 20th century, namely in 1948, France moved to a long scale of a system of numerical names. In this regard, a short scale, once borrowed from the French, is still different from the one they enjoy today.
Historically, the United Kingdom has used a long-term billion, but since 1974 official statistics of Great Britain used a short-term scale. Since the 1950s, the short-term scale was increasingly used in the field of technical writing and journalism, despite the fact that the long-term scale remained.
Many are interested in questions about how large numbers are called and what number is the largest in the world. With these interesting questions and we will understand this article.
History
Southern and Eastern Slavic nations for recording numbers used alphabetical numbering, and only those letters that are in the Greek alphabet. Above the letter that marked the figure, put a special "Title" icon. The numerical values \u200b\u200bof letters increased in the same way, in what order letters followed in the Greek alphabet (in the Slavic alphabet, the order of letters was a little different). In Russia, Slavic numbering has been preserved until the end of the 17th century, and under Peter I switched to "Arab numbering" we use and now.
The names of the numbers also changed. So, up to the 15th century, the number Twenty was designated as "two ten" (two dozen), and then decreased for a faster pronunciation. The number 40 to the 15th century was called "Fourth", then it was displaced by the word "forty", denoting the original bag, which en deems 40 squirrels or sobular skins. The name "Million" appeared in Italy in 1500. It was formed by adding a magnifying suffix to the Mille (thousand). Later, this name came to Russian.
In the old (XVIII century), the "arithmetic" of Magnitsky, the table of the names of the numbers brought to the "quadrillion" (10 ^ 24, by system through 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. In the book "Entertaining arithmetic", the names of large numbers of the time are given, somewhat different from today: septylon (10 ^ 42), Occlicon (10 ^ 48), nonalone (10 ^ 54), decalon (10 ^ 60), Endecalon (10 ^ 66), Dodecalon (10 ^ 72) and it is written that "then the names are not available."
Ways to build big numbers
There are 2 main ways of large numbers:
- American systemwhich is used in the USA, Russia, France, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Brazil. The names of large numbers are built quite simply: first there is a Latin order numerical, and the suffix "-lion" is added to it. Exceptions are the number "Million", which is the name of the number of a thousand (Mille) and the magnifying suffix "-LI10". The number of zeros among which is recorded on the American system can be found in the formula: 3x + 3, where x - Latin sequence numerical
- English system The most common in the world is used in Germany, Spain, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Portugal. The names of the numbers on this system are structured as follows: the "-Lion" suffix is \u200b\u200badded to the Latin numerical, the following number (1000 times more) is the same latin numerical, but suffix "-lilliard" is added. The number of zeros among which is recorded in the English system and ends with the suffix "-lion", can be found in the formula: 6x + 3, where x - Latin sequence is numerical. The number of zeros in the numbers ending with the suffix "-lilliard" can be found in the formula: 6x + 6, where x - Latin sequence is numerical.
From the English system to the Russian language, only the word billion, which is still more correct to call as the Americans call it - Billion (since the American Nizhny Name System is used in Russian).
In addition to the numbers that are recorded in the American or English system with the help of Latin prefixes, some-system numbers that have their own names without Latin prefixes are known.
Own names of large numbers
| Number | Latin numerical | Name | Practical value | |
| 10 1 | 10 | ten | The number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | 100 | one hundred | Approximately half of the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | 1000 | one thousand | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | 1000 000 | unus (I) | million | 5 times more than the number of drops in a 10-liter. Water buckets |
| 10 9 | 1000 000 000 | dUO (II) | billion (Billion) | Approximate population of India |
| 10 12 | 1000 000 000 000 | tRES (III) | trillion | |
| 10 15 | 1000 000 000 000 000 | quattor (IV) | quadrillion | 1/30 Parsek length in meters |
| 10 18 | qUINQUE (V) | quintillion | 1/18 grains from the legendary award inventor chess | |
| 10 21 | sex (VI) | sextillion | 1/6 masses of the planet Earth in tons | |
| 10 24 | sEPTEM (VII) | septillion | Number of molecules in 37.2 l air | |
| 10 27 | oCTO (VIII) | octillion | Half of the mass of Jupiter in kilograms | |
| 10 30 | novem (IX) | quintillion | 1/5 of the number of all microorganisms on the planet | |
| 10 33 | decem (X) | decillion | Half of the mass of the Sun in grams | |
- Vigintillion (from lat. Viginti - twenty) - 10 63
- Centillion (from lat. Centum - hundred) - 10 303
- Milleilla (from Lat. Mille - one thousand) - 10 3003
For numbers, more than a thousand in the Romans of their own names were no (all the names of numbers were further composite).
Composite names of large numbers
In addition to its own names, for numbers more than 10 33, you can get composite names by combining consoles.
Composite names of large numbers
| Number | Latin numerical | Name | Practical value |
| 10 36 | undecim (xi) | andesillion | |
| 10 39 | duodecim (XII) | doodecillion | |
| 10 42 | tredecim (XIII) | treadcillion | 1/100 on the number of air molecules on earth |
| 10 45 | qUATTUORDECIM (XIV) | kvattordecillion | |
| 10 48 | qUINDECIM (XV) | quendecyllion | |
| 10 51 | sedecim (XVI) | sexotilion | |
| 10 54 | septendecim (XVII) | sepemdiscillion | |
| 10 57 | oktodecillion | So many elementary particles in the sun | |
| 10 60 | novmetsillion | ||
| 10 63 | viginti (XX) | vigintillion | |
| 10 66 | uNUS ET VIGINTI (XXI) | anvigintillion | |
| 10 69 | duo et Viginti (XXII) | duviygintillion | |
| 10 72 | tres et Viginti (XXIII) | tremgintillion | |
| 10 75 | kvattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | queenvigintillion. | ||
| 10 81 | sexVigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemvigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | nov'vvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | triginta (XXX) | trigintillion | |
| 10 96 | annigintillion |
- 10 123 - Quadchantillion
- 10 153 - Quecilwagintillion
- 10 183 - Sexagintillion
- 10 213 - Septuagintillion
- 10 243 - Oktogintillion
- 10 273 - Nonagintillion
- 10 303 - Centillion
Further names can be obtained by direct or reverse Latin numerical order (as proper, it is not known):
- 10 306 - Angentillion or Centunillion
- 10 309 - Duocenteillion or centindollion
- 10 312 - Tirettyllion or Centrillion
- 10 315 - Quartercertillion or Cenkvadrillion
- 10 402 - Ferrigintantyaltyillion or Centraletrigintillion
The second version of writing more corresponds to the construction of numeral in Latin and avoids ambiguities (for example, among the number of Tientymalillion, which is 1,093 and 10 312, and 10 312).
- 10 603 - Dutentillion
- 10 903 - Tientyllion
- 10 1203 - Quadringentillion
- 10 1503 - Quingventillion
- 10 1803 - Sedsertillion
- 10 2103 - Septingsentillion
- 10 2403 - Oaktingtillion
- 10 2703 - Nonhentillion
- 10 3003 - Milleillion
- 10 6003 - Domillalion
- 10 9003 - Tremlillion
- 10 15003 - QUINKVEMILION
- 10 308760 - DucenduomylanionenTeemecillion
- 10 3000003 - Miliamilialion
- 10 6000003 - DomoilyamiliaIillion
Miriada - 10 000. The name is obsolete and practically not used. However, the word "Miriada" is widely used, which means not a certain number, but countless, uncountable many of something.
Gugol (english . googol) — 10 100. For the first time, American mathematician Edward Kasner (Edward Kasner) wrote about this number in 1938 in the Journal of Scripta Mathematica in the article "New Names in Mathematics". According to him, to call so the number suggested his 9-year-old nephew Milton Sirotta (Milton Sirotta). This number has become well known for the Google search engine called in honor of him.
Asankhaya(from whale. Asianzi - innumerable) - 10 1 4 0. This number is found in the famous Buddhist treatise Jaina-Sutra (100 g. BC). It is believed that this number is equal to the number of space cycles required to gain nirvana.
Gugolplex (english . Googolplex.) — 10 ^ 10 ^ 100. This number also came up with Edward Casner with his nephew, means it is a unit with a google zerule.
Number of Skusza (Skewes' Number,SK 1) means e to the degree E into the degree E to the degree 79, that is, E ^ E ^ E ^ 79. This number was suggested by Skews in 1933 (Skewes. J. London Math. Soc. 8, 277-283, 1933.) In the proof of Riman's hypothesis relating to prime numbers. Later, Riele (Te Riele, HJJ "On the Sign of the Difference P (X) -LI (X)." Math. Comput. 48, 323-328, 1987) reduced the number of skuse to E ^ E ^ 27/4, That approximately equal to 8.185 · 10 ^ 370. However, this number is not a whole, so it is not included in the table of large numbers.
Second number of Skuse (SK2) Equally 10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 3, that is, 10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 1000. This number was introduced by J. Skews in the same article for the designation of the number, to which the Hypothesis of Riman is valid.
For super-high numbers, it is inconvenient to use degrees, therefore there are several ways to write numbers - the notation of the whip, Konveya, Steinhaus, etc.
Hugo Steinhause offered to record large numbers inside the geometric figures (triangle, square and circle).
Mathematics Leo Moser finalized the notation of Steinhaus, offering after squares not circles, but pentagons, then hexagons, etc. Moser also offered a formal entry for these polygons, so that the numbers can be recorded without drawing complex drawings.
Steinhauses came up with two new super-high numbers: Mega and Megiston. In the notation of Moor, they are recorded like this: Mega – 2, Megiston - 10. Leo Moser also offered to call a polygon with the number of parties equal to Mega - magagonand also offered the number "2 in the megagon" - 2. The last number is known as moser's number (Moser's Number) or just as Moser.
There are numbers, more Moser. The largest number that was used in mathematical proof is number Graham (Graham's Number). It was first used in 1977 in proof of one assessment in the Ramsey theory. This number is associated with bichromatic hypercubs and cannot be expressed without a special 64-level system of special mathematical symbols introduced by the whip in 1976. Donald Knut (who wrote the "Programming Art" and created the TeX editor) invented the concept of a superpope, which offered to record the arrows directed upwards:
In general
Graham offered G-numbers:
The number G 63 is called the Graham number, often indicated by G. This number is the largest known number in the world and is listed in the "Guinness Book of Records".
In everyday life, most people operate quite small numbers. Tens, hundreds, thousands, very rarely - millions, almost never - billions. Approximately such numbers are limited to the usual representation of a person about quantity or magnitude. About the trillions had to hear almost everyone, but to use them, in any counts, few people have come.
What are they, giants?
Meanwhile, the numbers denoting the degrees of thousands are known to people for a long time. In Russia and many other countries, a simple and logical system of designations are used:
One thousand;
Million;
Billion;
Trillion;
Quadrillion;
Quintillion;
Sextillion;
Septillion;
Octillion;
Quintillion;
Decillion.
In this system, each next number is obtained by multiplying the previous one. Billion is usually called a billion.
Many adults can accurately write such numbers as a million - 1,000,000 and a billion - 1,000,000,000. It's already more difficult with a trillion, but almost everything will be cope with - 1,000,000,000,000. And then it starts unknown to many territory.
Get acquainted closer with big numbers
Complex, however, there is nothing, the main thing is to understand the system of formation of large numbers and the principle of the name. As already mentioned, each next number exceeds the previous one thousand times. This means that in order to properly write the following in order of increasing the number, you need to attribute three more scratch to the previous one. That is, a million 6 zeros, a billion of them 9, trillion - 12, in quadrillion - 15, and Quintillion is already 18.
The names can also be sorted out if there is a desire. The word "Million" happened from the Latin "Mille", which means "more than a thousand". The following numbers were formed by attracting the Latin words "bi" (two), "three" (three), "quadro" (four), etc.
Now let's try to imagine these numbers clearly. Most pretty well imagine the difference between thousand and million. Everyone understands that a million rubles is good, but a billion is more. Much more. Also, everyone has an idea that the trillion is something absolutely immense. But how much is the trillion more than a billion? How big is he?
For many, more than a billion begins the concept of "incomprehensible". Indeed, a billion kilometers or a trillion - the difference is not very big in the sense that such a distance still does not go throughout life. A billion rubles or a trillion is also not particularly different, because there is still no such money for all life. But let's count a little by connecting fantasy.
Resident Fund of Russia and four football fields as examples
For each person on Earth there is an area of \u200b\u200bsushi size of 100x200 meters. This is about four soccer fields. But if people are not 7 billion, but seven trillion, then everyone will get only a piece of sushi 4x5 meters. Four football fields against the area of \u200b\u200bthe parisader before the entrance is such a billion ratio to Trillion.
In absolute values, the picture is also impressive.
If you take a trillion bricks, you can build more than 30 million single-storey houses with an area of \u200b\u200b100 square meters. That is, about 3 billion square meters of private building. It is comparable to the common residential Fund of the Russian Federation.
If you build ten-story houses, you will get about 2.5 million homes, that is, 100 million two-two-bedroom apartments, about 7 billion square meters of housing. This is 2.5 times the most residential fund of Russia.
In a word, in all Russia, the trillion of bricks is not scored.
One quadrillion of student notebooks will cover the entire territory of Russia by a double layer. And one quintillion of the same notebooks will cover the whole drying layer with a thickness of 40 centimeters. If it is possible to get the sextillion of notebooks, the entire planet, including oceans, will be under a layer of 100 meters thick.
Consider Decillion
Let's consider it yet. For example, a matchbox, increased a thousand times, will be the size of a sixteen-storey house. The increase in a million times will give "boxes", which is more than St. Petersburg in the area. Increased billion times, the boxes will not fit on our planet. On the contrary, the Earth will fit in such "boxes" 25 times!
Increase box gives an increase in its volume. Imagine such volumes with further magnification will be almost impossible. For simplicity of perception, we will try to increase not the subject itself, but its number, and place the matchboxes in space. So it will be easier to navigate. Quintillion boxes laid out into one row would stretch further than the stars α centaution of 9 trillion kilometers.
Another millennial increase (sextillion) will allow matchboxes built into the line, overcoat the entire Milky path in the transverse direction. Septillion match boxes would be stretched for 50 quintillion kilometers. Such a distance of light can fly for 5 million 260 thousand years. And the boxes laid out in two rows would stretch to Andromeda Galaxy.
There are only three numbers: Octillion, Nonillion and Decillion. We will have to strain imagination. Octillion boxes forms a continuous line in 50 sextillion kilometers. This is more than five billion light years. Not every telescope installed on one edge of such an object could see his opposite edge.
Count further? Nonillion of matchboxes would fill in the entire space of famous humanity part of the universe with an average density of 6 pieces per cubic meter. For earthly standards, it seems to be not very many - 36 matched boxes in the body of standard "Gazelles". But nonillion of match boxes will have a lot of billions times more than the mass of all material objects of the well-known universe combined.
Decillion. Quantity, but rather, even the majesty of this gigid from the world of numbers, it is difficult to imagine yourself. Only one example - six decyllini boxes would no longer fit in all accessible humanity to observe part of the universe.
Even more strikingly, the majesty of this number is visible, if not multiply the number of boxes, and increase the subject itself. Matchboxes, enlarged in Decillion times, would hold all the most famous humanity part of the universe 20 trillion times. It is impossible to even imagine such yourself.
Small calculations showed how huge numbers, famous for humanity for several centuries for several centuries. In modern mathematics, the number is known many times superior decyllion, but they are used only in complex mathematical calculations. Faced with similar numbers accounts for only professional mathematicians.
The most famous (and the smallest) of such numbers is Google, denoted by a unit with a hundred zeros. Gugol is greater than the total number of elementary particles in the visible part of the universe. This makes Gugol an abstract number that does not have a large practical application.
Back in the fourth grade I was interested in the question: "What are the numbers more than a billion? And why?". Since then, I have been looking for all the information on this issue and collected it on crumbs. But with the advent of Internet access, the search accelerated significantly. Now I imagine all the information I found, so that others can answer the question: "What are the big and very large numbers?".
A bit of history
Southern and Eastern Slavic nations for the recording of numbers used alphabetical numbering. Moreover, the Russian role has not all letters, but only those that are in the Greek alphabet. Above the letter, which denoted the number, was put a special "Title" icon. In this case, the numerical values \u200b\u200bof letters increased in the same order, in which letters followed in the Greek alphabet (the order of the letters of the Slavic alphabet was somewhat different).
In Russia, Slavic numbering has been preserved until the end of the 17th century. Under Peter I, the so-called "Arabic numbering", we use and now.
The names of the numbers also changed. For example, up to the 15th century, the number Twenty was designated as "two ten" (two dozen), but then decreased for faster pronunciation. Up to the 15th century, the number "Forty" was marked by the word "FIRST", and in the 15-16th centuries this word was supplanted by the word "forty", which initially marked the bag, which was placed on 40 squirrels or sobular skins. There are two options about the origin of the word "thousand": from the old title "Thick hundred" or from the modification of the Latin word Centum - "STO".
The name "Million" first appeared in Italy in 1500 and was formed by adding a magnifying suffix to the number "Mill" - a thousand (i.e. marked "a large thousand"), in Russian, it penetrated later, and before that the same meaning in Russian was marked by the number "Leodr". The word "billion" was used only from the time of the Franco-Prussa of War (1871), when the French had to pay Germany in 5,000,000,000 francs. Like "Million" the word "billion" comes from the root of "thousand" with the addition of Italian magnifying suffix. In Germany and America, for some time under the word "billion" implied the number of 100,000,000; This explains that the word billionaire in America began to be used before anyone from the rich has appeared 1000,000,000 dollars. In the old (XVIII century), the "arithmetic" of Magnitsky, the table of the names of the numbers brought to the "quadrillion" (10 ^ 24, by system through 6 discharges). Perelman Ya.I. In the book "Entertaining arithmetic", the names of large numbers of that time are given somewhat different from today: septylon (10 ^ 42), Occlicon (10 ^ 48), nonalone (10 ^ 54), decalon (10 ^ 60), Endecalon (10 ^ 66), Dodecalon (10 ^ 72) and it is written that "Next names are not available."
Principles of building titles and list of large numbers
All the names of large numbers are built quite simple: at the beginning there is a Latin sequence numerical, and at the end, suffix -illion is added to it. The exception is the name "Million" which is the name of the number of a thousand (MILLE) and the magnifying suffix -illion. In the world there are two main types of large numbers:
system 3x + 3 (where X - Latin sequence is numerical) - This system is used in Russia, France, USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Brazil, Greece
and system 6x (where X - Latin sequence is numerical) - this system is most common in the world (for example: Spain, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, Sweden, Denmark, Finland). In it, the missing intermediate 6x + 3 end with the -illiard suffix (from it we borrowed a billion, which is also called Billion).
The general list of the numbers used in Russia is below:
| Number | Name | Latin numerical | Increasing console S. | Reduced prefix | Practical value |
| 10 1 | ten | deca- | deci- | The number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | one hundred | hecto- | santi | Approximately half of the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | one thousand | kilos | milli- | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | million | unus (I) | mega- | micro- | 5 times more than the number of drops in the 10-liter water bucket |
| 10 9 | billion (Billion) | dUO (II) | giga | nano- | Approximate population of India |
| 10 12 | trillion | tRES (III) | tera | pico- | 1/13 Internal Gross Product of Russia in rubles for 2003 |
| 10 15 | quadrillion | quattor (IV) | peta | femto | 1/30 Parsek length in meters |
| 10 18 | quintillion | qUINQUE (V) | ex- | atto- | 1/18 grains from the legendary award inventor chess |
| 10 21 | sextillion | sex (VI) | zetta | chain | 1/6 masses of the planet Earth in tons |
| 10 24 | septillion | sEPTEM (VII) | iott- | yocom | Number of molecules in 37.2 l air |
| 10 27 | octillion | oCTO (VIII) | non- | sieve- | Half of the mass of Jupiter in kilograms |
| 10 30 | quintillion | novem (IX) | de- | thread | 1/5 of the number of all microorganisms on the planet |
| 10 33 | decillion | decem (X) | un- | revo | Half of the mass of the Sun in grams |
The pronunciation of numbers that goes next often differs.
| Number | Name | Latin numerical | Practical value |
| 10 36 | andesillion | undecim (xi) | |
| 10 39 | doodecillion | duodecim (XII) | |
| 10 42 | treadcillion | tredecim (XIII) | 1/100 on the number of air molecules on earth |
| 10 45 | kvattordecillion | qUATTUORDECIM (XIV) | |
| 10 48 | quendecyllion | qUINDECIM (XV) | |
| 10 51 | sexotilion | sedecim (XVI) | |
| 10 54 | sepemdiscillion | septendecim (XVII) | |
| 10 57 | oktodecillion | So many elementary particles in the sun | |
| 10 60 | novmetsillion | ||
| 10 63 | vigintillion | viginti (XX) | |
| 10 66 | anvigintillion | uNUS ET VIGINTI (XXI) | |
| 10 69 | duviygintillion | duo et Viginti (XXII) | |
| 10 72 | tremgintillion | tres et Viginti (XXIII) | |
| 10 75 | kvattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | queenvigintillion. | ||
| 10 81 | sexVigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemvigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | nov'vvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | trigintillion | triginta (XXX) | |
| 10 96 | annigintillion |
- ...
- 10 100 - Gugol (number came up with a 9-year-old nephew of American mathematics Edward Casner)
- 10 123 - Quadragintillion (QuadragnTa, XL)
- 10 153 - Quinquaginta, L)
- 10 183 - Sexagintillion (Sexaginta, LX)
- 10 213 - Septuaginta, LXX)
- 10 243 - Oktogintillion (Octoginta, LXXX)
- 10 273 - Nonagintillion (Nonaginta, XC)
- 10 303 - Centur (C)
- 10 306 - Angentillion or Centunillion
- 10 309 - Duocenteillion or centindollion
- 10 312 - Tirettyllion or Centrillion
- 10 315 - Quartercertillion or Cenkvadrillion
- 10 402 - Ferrigintantyaltyillion or Centraletrigintillion
Numbers Next:
Some literary links:
- Perelman Ya.I. "Entertaining arithmetic". - M.: Triad Little, 1994, p. 134-140
- Profitable M.Ya. "Handbook of Elementary Mathematics". - C-PB., 1994, p. 64-65
- "Encyclopedia of Knowledge". - Sost. IN AND. Korotkhevich. - S-Pb.: Owl, 2006, p. 257
- "Entertainment about physics and mathematics." - the library Kvant. Vol. 50. - M.: Science, 1988, p. 50