What is characteristic of elite culture. Features of high culture

30.03.2019

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By the nature of the creations, you can allocate the culture presented in single samples and mass culture. The first form on the characteristic features of the creators is divided into folk and elite culture. Folk culture It is a single product most often nameless authors. This form of culture includes myths, legends, legends, epos, songs, dances, etc. Elite culture - The aggregate of single creations, which are created by the well-known representatives of the privileged part of society or by its order by professional creators. Here we are talking about creators having high level Education and well-known enlightened public. This culture includes visual arts, literature, classical music etc.

Mass (public) culture It is products of spiritual production in the field of art created by big circulations Based on the general public. The main thing for it is the entertainment of the widest masses of the population. It is understandable and accessible to all ages, all the segments of the population, regardless of the level of education. Its main feature is the simplicity of ideas and images: texts, movements, sounds, etc. Samples of this culture are aimed at the emotional sphere of man. At the same time, mass culture often uses simplified samples of elite and folk culture ("remixes"). Mass culture Averene the spiritual development of people.

Subculture - This is a culture of any social group: a confessional, professional, corporate, etc. It, as a rule, does not deny the universal culture, but has specific features. Signs of subculture become special rules of behavior, language, symbolism. Each society has its own set of subcultures: youth, professional, ethnic, religious, dissident, etc.

Dominant culture - Values, traditions, views, etc., divided by only part of society. But this part has the opportunity to impose them into the whole society or by virtue of that, that it is an ethnic majority, or by virtue of the fact that it has a coercion mechanism. The subculture that opposes dominant culture is called a counterculture. The social basis of the countercultitution are people to some extent alienated from the rest of society. The monitoring of the counterculture makes it possible to understand the cultural dynamics, the formation and distribution of new values.

A tendency to evaluate the culture of his nation as good and correct, and another culture - as strange and even immoral named "Ethnocentrism" Many societies are ethnocentric. From the point of view of psychology, this phenomenon acts as a factor in the unity and stability of this society. However, ethnocentrism can be a source of intercultural conflict. Extreme forms The manifestations of ethnocentrism are nationalism. The opposite acts cultural relativism.

Elite culture

Elite, or high culture It is created by a privileged part, or by its order by professional creators. It includes elegant art, classical music and literature. High culture, such as painting Picasso or music by Schnit, is difficult to understand the unprepared person. As a rule, it is ahead of decades ahead of the perception of the average humanized person. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society: critics, literary critics, regulars of museums and exhibitions, theater, artists, writers, musicians. When the level of education of the population is growing, the circle of high culture consumers is expanding. To its varieties can be attributed secular art and salon music. Formula elitar culture — “art for art”.

Elite culture It is intended for a narrow circle of a highly educated public and confront both folk and mass culture. It is usually incomprehensible to wide masses and requires good preparation for the right perception.

The elite culture include avant-garde directions in music, painting, cinema, complex literature of a philosophical nature. Often the creators of such a culture are perceived as residents of the "Elephant Tower", extinguished by their art from a real daily life. As a rule, elite culture is non-commercial, although it can sometimes be financially successful and go into the category of mass culture.

Modern trends are such that the mass culture penetrates all areas of "high culture", mixing with it. At the same time, the mass culture reduces the general consumer level of its consumers, but at the same time itself gradually rises to a higher cultural level. Unfortunately, the first process still flows much more intense than the second.

Folk culture

Folk culture recognized as a special form of culture. In contrast to elite culture, popular, culture is created anonymous creators who do not have professional training . The authors of folk creations are unknown. The folk culture is called amateur (not in terms of level, but by origin) or collective. It includes myths, legends, tales, epic, fairy tales, songs and dancing. By execution, elements of folk culture can be individual (statement of legends), group (performance of dance or songs), mass (carnival processions). Folklore is another name for folk creativity, which is created by various layers of the population. Folklore is localized, i.e. is associated with the traditions of this area, and democratic, since all those who wish are involved in its creation. Anecdotes, urban legends can be attributed to modern manifestations of folk culture.

Mass culture

Mass or publicly available does not express the exquisite tastes of the aristocracy or spiritual searches of the people. The time of her appearance is the middle of the XX century, when media (Radio, printing, television, gramzapsy, tape recorders, video) penetrated in most countries of the world And the representatives of all social layers became available. Mass culture can be international and national. Popular I. pop music - A vivid example of mass culture. It is understandable and accessible to all ages, all the segments of the population, regardless of the level of education.

Mass culture is usually possesses less artistic valuethan elite or folk culture. But she has the most wide audience. She satisfies the momentary requests of people, reacts to any new event and reflects it. Therefore, samples of mass culture, in particular lumps, quickly lose the relevance, are obsolete, out of fashion. With the works of elite and folk culture, this does not happen. Pop culture - The slang name of the mass culture, and KITCH is its kind.

Subculture

The totality of values, beliefs, traditions and customs, which are guided by most members of society, is called dominant Culture. Since society breaks into many groups (national, demographic, social, professional), gradually each of them forms its own culture, i.e., the system of values \u200b\u200band rules of behavior. Small cultures are called subcultures.

Subculture - Part common culture, system of values, traditions, customs inherent in particular. Say O. youth subculture Subculture of the elderly, subculture of national minorities, professional subculture, criminal subculture. The subculture is different from the dominant culture with the language, looks for life, behavior, hairstyles, dress, customs. Differences can be very strong, but the subculture does not oppose the dominant culture. Its culture from drug addicts, deaf-and-dumb, homeless, alcoholics, athletes, lonely. The children of aristocrats or middle class representatives are very different from their behavior from children from the lowest class. They read different books, go to different schools, focus on different ideals. Each generation and social group has their own cultural world.

Counterculture

Counterculture Indicates such a subculture that does not just differ from the dominant culture, but is opposed, is in conflict with dominant values. The subculture of terrorists is anti-counter human culture, and the Hippie youth movement in the 1960s. Drew the dominant US values: hard work, material success, conformism, sexual restraint, political loyalty, rationalism.

Culture in Russia

The state of spiritual life modern Russia It can be described as a transitional from defending values \u200b\u200brelated to attempts to build a communist society, to finding a new meaning public Development. We went out on the next round of the historical dispute between Wessengers and Slavophiles.

The Russian Federation - multiethnic country. Its development is due to the peculiarities of national cultures. The uniqueness of the spiritual life of Russia is a manifold cultural traditions, religious beliefs, moral norms, aesthetic tastes, etc., which is associated with the specifics cultural heritage of different nations.

Currently, in the spiritual life of our country is observed contradictory trends. On the one hand, mutual penetration different cultures He contributes to interethnic understanding and cooperation, on the other - the development of national cultures is accompanied by interethnic conflicts. The latter circumstance requires a weighted, tolerant attitude towards the culture of other communities.

from franz. elite - selected, selected, better high culture, which are consumers educated peopleIt is very different high degree Specialization, calculated, so to speak, to "internal use" and often seeking to complicate their language, that is, to make it inaccessible for most people. ? Subculture of privileged groups of circle, characterized by conceptuality, spiritual aristocracy and value-semantic self-sufficiency. Appealing to the chosen minority of its subjects, as a rule, at the same time, its creators and addressees (in any case, the circle of those and others almost coincides), E.K. consciously and consistently opposes the culture of the majority, or mass culture in wide sense (in all its Eastr. and typologic. varieties - folklore, folk culture , officer. The culture of one or a class or class, state in general, the cultural industry technocratic. ON-BE 20 V. etc.) (see Mass culture). Moreover, E.K. It needs a constant context of mass culture, since it is based on the mechanism of repulsion from the values \u200b\u200band standards adopted in the mass culture, on the destruction of the prevailing stereotypes and templates of the Maceration (including their parody, ridicule, irony, grotesque, controversy, criticism, refutation), on demonstrative self-insulation In general, nat. Culture. In this regard, E.K. - Characterized by a marginal phenomenon within the framework of any Eastor. or nat. The type of culture and is always secondary, derivative in relation to the culture of the majority. Especially acute is the problem of E.K. In Oba, where the antinomy of mass culture and E.K. Practically exhausts all the variety of manifestations of nat. Cultures as a whole and where the mediative ("median") region has developed. Culture constituting its maintenance. The housing and equally opposing polarized mass and E. cultures as a value-semantic extreme. This is characteristic, in particular, for cultures with a binary structure and prone to inversion forms of Easter. development (rus. and typologically similar to her close cultures). Polit differ. and cultural elites; The first, also called the "ruling", "powerful", today, thanks to the works of V. Pareto, Moska, R. Michels, Ch.R. Mills, R. Milibanda, J. Scott, J. Perry, D. Bella and others. Sociologists and political scientists, in detail and deeply studied. Much less investigated the elites of cultural - strata, united eco., Social, political. and actually powerful interests and goals, but ideological principles, spiritual values, sociocultural norms, etc. Related in principle similar (isomorphic) selection mechanisms, status consumption, prestige, elites political. And cultural nevertheless do not coincide with each other and only sometimes come into temporary alliances, which are extremely unstable and fragile. It is enough to recall the spiritual dramas of Socrates convicted of death with their fellow citizens, and Plato, disappointed in the Siracuz Tirana of Dionysius (senior), who took the "state" in practice, Pushkin, who refused to "serve the king, to serve the people" and thus He recognized the inevitability of his work. Loneliness, although in its kind and royal ("You are the king: alone"), and L. Tolstoy, who has undertaken despite its origin and the provision to express the "idea of \u200b\u200bpeople" by the means of its high and unique art of the word, Europe. Education, sophisticated author's philosophy and religion. It is worth mentioning here the shortfall of sciences and arts at the court of Lorenzo magnificent; Experience of the highest patronage Louis Xiv. Muses, who gave the world of samples of Zap.-Europe. classicism; A short period of cooperation between the enlightened nobility and the noble bureaucracy in the reign of Catherine II; The short-lived union of pre-revoluz. Rus. Intelligentsia with the Bolshevik authorities in the 20s. etc. In order to approve the integrated and largely obscuring nature of the interacting political and cultural elites, the combined socio-semantic and cultural and semantic structures of the OB and coexist in time and space, respectively. This means that E.K. It is not a generation and product political. Elite (as was often asserted in Marxist studies) and not wearing a class-party, and in many cases it consists in the fight against political. elites for their independence and freedom. On the contrary, it is logical to assume that the cultural elites contribute to the formation of political. Elite (structurally isomorphic elites cultural) in a narrower sphere socio-political., state. and power relations as their own private case, isolated and alienated from the whole E.K. Unlike polit. The elites, the elites of spiritual, creative produce their own, fundamentally new mechanisms of self-regulation and value-semantic criteria of activity electing officers who go beyond social and political. Requirements, and often accompanied by demonstrative departure from policies and social institutions and the semantic confrontation of these phenomena as an individual (nonethetical., Anthram., Non-good, in intellectual terms of the poor and vulgar). In E.K. Consciously limited to the range of values \u200b\u200brecognized by true and "high", and the system of norms taken by this stratum is obliged as an obligation. and strictly inexpensive "dedicated". Quantities. The narrowing of the elite and its spiritual cohesion is inevitably accompanied by its qualities. Rising (in intellectual, aesthetic., Relig., Ethich. And other relations), and therefore, the individualization of norms, values, evaluation criteria of activity, often the principles and forms of behavior of the members of the elite message, which becomes unique. Ago in the sake of this circle of norms and values \u200b\u200bEK It becomes emphasized high, innovative, which can be achieved different. Means: 1) Mastering new social and mental realities as cultural phenomenov Or, on the contrary, the rejection of any new and "cooling" of a narrow circle conservative values and norms; 2) the inclusion of its subject in an unexpected value-semantic context, which gives its interpretation unique and even exclusion. meaning; 3) the creation of a new, deliberately complicated cultural semantics (metaphoric, associative, alluzive, symbolism. And metasimvolich.), Requiring a special purpose. preparation and immense cultural outlook; 4) the development of a special cultural language (code), affordable only to the narrow circle of connoisseurs and designed to make communication, erend insurmountable (or as difficult to overcome) the semantic obstacles of the stranded thinking, in principle, unable to adequately comprehend the innovations of E.K., "decipher" her sense; 5) the use of deliberately subjective, individually-creative., "Ostressive" interpretation of the usual and habitual, which brings the cultural development of reality to the subject to the mental (sometimes art.) The experiment over it and in the limit replaces the reflection of reality in E.K. Its transformation, imitation - deformation, penetration into sense - sensing and rethinking of the given. Due to its semantic and functional "closedness", "narrowness", isolation from the whole nat. Culture, E.K. It is often transformed into a variety (or similarity) of secret, sacred, esoteric. Knowledge tagged for the rest of the mass, and its carriers turn into a kind of "priests" of this knowledge, chosen of the gods, "Music Servants", "Guardians of Secrets and Faith", which often beats and poeticized in E.K. Historic. The origin of E.K. That is: Already in the primitive society, priests, Magitis, sorcerers, tribal leaders become privileged owners of special knowledge, which cannot and should not be intended for universal, mass use. Subsequently of this kind of relationship between E.K. and a mass culture in one form or another, in particular secular, repeatedly reproduced (in Split. Relig. Confresices and especially sects, in monastic and spiritual-knight orders, Masonic lips, in handicraft shops cultivating prof. Mastery, in religious philosophy . Meetings, in literary and arts. and intellectual circles folding around charismatich. Leader, scientists of messages and scientific schools, in political associations and parties, including those who worked as conspirativity, conspirators, under the conditions of underground and etc.) Ultimately, the elitism of knowledge, skills, values, norms, principles, principles, traditions, the collateral of sophisticated professionalism and the deep subject specialization in the culture was impossible in the culture of refined professionalism and deep subject specialization. Progress, add. Value-sense growth, contain. Enrichment and accumulation of formal perfection - any value-sense hierarchy. E.K. It acts as an initiative and productive principle in any culture, performing mainly work. function in it; While the mass culture is tempted, rutinizes, face achievements EK, adapting them to perception and consumption by the sociocultural majority of the OB. In turn, E.K. constantly ridiculed or denounces a massive culture, it parods it or grotesque deforms, representing the world of mass organization and its culture is terrible and ugly, aggressive and cruel; In this context of the fate of EK representatives Drawn tragic., disadvantaged, broken (romantic. and post-translation. The concepts of "genius and crowds"; "Creation. Madness", or "sacred disease", and an ordinary "common sense"; inspired "intoxication", incl. narcotic , and vulgar "sobriety"; "holiday of life" and boring daily). Theory and Practice EK blooms especially productive and fruitful on "broom" cultural Epochs, when changing cultural and ethor. Paradigs, a peculiarly expressing crisis state of culture, an unstable balance between "old" and "new", representatives of E.K. Realized their mission in culture as "shooters of a new", as ahead of their time, like creators who are not understandable with their contemporaries (as follows, for example, in their majority of romance and modernists - symbolists, cultural figures of avant-garde and prof. Revolutionaries who carried out the cultural revolution) . This also includes the "excretions" of large-scale traditions and the creators of the paradigm "Big Style" (Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller, Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Gorky, Kafka, etc.). This t. Sv., Fair, not, was not, however, is the only possible. So, on the basis of Rus. Cultures (where society. Attachment to E.K. was in most cases a wary or even hostile, which did not contribute to even relates. The spread of E.K., compared with the Zap. Europe) were born concepts, treating E.K. As a conservative care from social reality and its topical problems in the world of idealized aesthetics (" pure art ", Or" art for art "), Relig. and mythol. fantasies, socio-political. Utopia, philos. idealism, etc. (Late Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, M. Antonovich, N. Mikhailovsky, V. Stasov, P. Tkachev and others. Radical Democratic. thinkers). In the same tradition, Pisarev and Plekhanov, and also standing by a few mansion of the AP. Grigoriev interpreted E.K. (including "art for art") as a demonstrative form of a rejection of social and political. Reality, as an expression of a hidden, passive protest against it, as a refusal to participate in societies. The struggle of his time, seeing in this and characteristic story. Symptom (deepening crisis), and pronounced inferiority itself E.K. (lack of latitude and history. Forerside, societies. Weakness and impotence to influence the course of the history and life of the masses). Theorists EK - Plato and Augustine, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, Vl. Solovyov and Leontyev, Berdyaev and A. White, Ortega-I-Gassette and Benjamin, Gusserl and Heidegger, Mannheim and Ellulul - differently varyed the thesis about the hostility of democratization and the moance of culture of its qualities. The level, its content and formal perfection, creature. Search and intellectual, aesthetic., Relig. And other novelty, about the inevitably accompanying mass culture of the election and triviality (ideas, images, theories, plots), confusion, about the infringement of work. Personality and suppressing her freedom in conditions of mass or mechanical. replication of spiritual values, expansion of industrial production of culture. This tendency - deepening contradictions between E.K. And the bulk - it was unprecedented in 20 V. and inspired many sharp and dramatics. Collisses (cf., for example, novels: "Ulysses" Joyce, "In search of the lost time" Pruts, "Steppe Wolf" and "Game in Beads" Hesse, "Magic Mountain" and "Dr. Faustus" T. Manna, "We "Zamyatina," Life of Klim Samgin "Gorky," Master and Margarita "Bulgakov," Kotlovan "and" Cheving "Platonova," Pyramid "L. Leonova, etc.). At the same time in the history of the culture of the 20th century. Many examples, brightly illustrating the paradoxical dialectic E.K. and massive: their interaction and mutual entertainment, mutual influence and self-denial of each of them. So, for example, creature. Catching Split. Representatives of modern culture (symbols and impressionists, expressionists and futurists, surrealists and Dadaistov, etc.) - both artists and theorists of the directions, and philosophers, and publicists - were aimed at creating unique samples and entire systems E.K. Many formal sizes were experimental; Theorem. Manifesto and declarations justified the right of the artist and thinker to work. Understanding, separation from the mass, its tastes and needs, on self-valued being "culture for culture". However, as the extensive field of activity of modernists, everyday life, everyday situations, forms of ordinary thinking, the structure of generally accepted behavior, the current Eastor are found. Events, etc. (Let with the minus sign, like a "minus reception"), the modernism began involuntarily, and then consciously - to appeal to the mass and mass consciousness. Package and Eroshean, grotesque and manifold, buffonade and farce are the same legitimate genres, style techniques and express. Mass culture, as well as the beat of stamps and stereotypes of the mass consciousness, poster and agitox, bolagan and a chastushka, declamation and rhetoric. Stylization or parody of banalities are almost indistinguishable from stylized and paradisable (with the exception of irony. Author's distance and a common semantic context remaining practically elusive for mass perception); But the recognition and the usability of vulgarity makes it criticism - a highly intelligent, thin, anxious - little understandable and effective for the majority of recipients (which are not able to distinguish a mockery over the low-thick taste from plowing it). In the sharpe and the same product of culture acquires double life with Split. semantic filling And the opposite ideological pathos: it turns out to be addressed to E.K., the other - to the mass culture. These are many works of Chekhov and Gorky, Maler and Stravinsky, Modigliani and Picasso, L. Andreeva and Verkjna, Mayakovsky and Eloar, Meyerhold and Shostakovich, Yesenin and Harms, Brecht and Fellini, Brodsky and Wivich. Especially contradictory contamination E.K. and mass culture in the culture of postmodern; For example, in such an early phenomenon of postmodernism, like pop art, the elitarization of the mass culture occurs and at the same time - the moance of elitism, which gave the basis of the classics of the Council. Postmodern W. Eco characterize pop art as a "low-level high-pass", or, on the contrary, as "high-pass low-pass" (in English: LowBrow Highbrow, or Highbrow LowBrow). HE less paradoxes occurs when the genesis of totalitarian culture (see Totalitarian culture), K-paradium, by definition, is the culture of mass and culture of the masses. However, according to its origin, totalitarian culture is rooted in E.K.: So, Nietzsche, Spengler, Weininger, Zombart, Junger, K. Schmitt, and others. Philosophers and socially-politics. Thoughters who anticipate and approximately the GEM approaching the real power. Nazism, belonged unconditionally to E.K. And in some cases, it is turned and distorted by their practical. Interpreters, promoted, simplified to a rigid scheme and uncomplicated demagogy. The same way is with the Communist. Totalitarianism: And the founders of Marxism - Marx and Engels, and Plekhanov, and Lenin himself, and Trotsky, and Bukharin - they were all, in their own way, "high-tone" intellectuals and represented a very narrow circle of radically configured intelligentsia. Moreover, the idea. Atmosphere of Social Democratic., Socialist., Marxist Circles, then strictly classified party cells were built in full compliance with the principles of E.K. (Only common to politics. And he knows. Culture), and the principle of party parties suggested not just selectivity, but also a fairly strict selection of values, norms, principles, concepts, types of behavior, etc. Actually, the mechanism itself selection (on racial and nat. Symptom or by class-polit.), lying at the base of totalitarianism as a sociocultural system, Born E.K., in its depths, its representatives, and later only extrapolated on a mass OB, in K-Rom Everything recognized by appropriate is reproduced and injected, and dangerous for his self-preservation and development is prohibited and removed (including violence by means of violence). So, the totalitarian culture originally arises from the atmosphere and style, from the norms and values \u200b\u200bof the elite circle, is universalized as a certain panacea, and then forcibly imposed on the basis of a generally as an ideal model and is practically introduced into mass consciousness and societies. Activities of any, including the industrial, means. In the conditions of post-totalitarian development, as well as in the context of Zap. Democracy phenomena totalitarian culture (emblems and symbols, ideas and images, concepts and style of socialist. Realism), being presented in cultural and pluralist. The context and distance the SCUD. Reflexes - purely intellectual or aesthetic, - begin to function as exotic. Components EK And perceived by the generation, familiar with totalitarianism only by photographs and jokes, "worst and" grotesque, associative. The components of the mass culture included in the context of E.K., act as EK elements; While the components of E.K., inscribed in the context of the culture of the mass, become components of the mass. In the cultural paradigm of postmodern components E.K. and mass culture are used equally as an ambivalent gaming material, and the meaning boundary between the mass and E.K. It turns out to be fundamentally blurred or removed; In this case, the distinction of E.K. And the culture of mass practically loses its meaning (maintaining a potential recipient only the allusive importance of the cultural and genetic context). Lit.: Mills R. Rubyovy Elite. M., 1959; Ashin G.K. The myth of the elite and " mass society". M., 1966; Davydov Yu.N. Art and elite. M., 1966; Davidyuk G.P., B.C. Bobrovsky. Problems of "mass culture" and "mass communications". Minsk, 1972; Snow Ch. Two cultures. M., 1973; "Mass culture" - illusion and reality. Sat Art. M., 1975; Ashin G.K. Critica Sovr. Bourges. Concepts of leadership. M., 1978; Kartseva E.N. Idean-aesthetic foundations of bourgeois "mass culture". M., 1976; NARTA M. Theory of Elite and Politics. M., 1978; Rainins B. "Mass Culture". M., 1979; Shestakov V.P. "Art of trivialization": some problems of "mass culture" // VF. 1982. No. 10; Gershkovich Z.I. Paradoxes of "mass culture" and a modern ideological struggle. M., 1983; Molchanov V. V. Mirage Mass culture. L., 1984; Mass species and art forms. M., 1985; Ashin G.K. Sovr. Theories of the elite: criticism. feature article. M., 1985; Kukakin A.V. Bourgeois mass culture. M., 1985; Smolskaya E.P. "Mass culture": entertainment or politics? M., 1986; Shestakov V. Mythology of the XX century. M., 1988; Isupov K. G. Russian aesthetics of history. St. Petersburg, 1992; Dmitrieva N.K., Moiseeva A. P. Philosopher of Free Spirit (Nikolai Berdyaev: Life and creativity). M., 1993; Ovchinnikov V.F. Creative person In the context of Russian culture. Kaliningrad, 1994; Phenomenology of art. M., 1996; Elitar and mass in Russian artistic culture. Sat M., 1996; Zimsovets S. Silence Gerasima: psychoanalytic and philosophical essay about Russian culture. M., 1996; Afanasyev M.N. The ruling elites and the statehood of post-hundreds of Russia (course of lectures). M.; Voronezh, 1996; Dobrenko E. Forming of the Soviet reader. Social and aesthetic. Soviet lit-fish reception background. St. Petersburg, 1997; Bellows R. Creative Leadership. Prentice-Hall, 1959; Packard V. The Status Seekers. N.Y., 1963; Weyl N. The Creative Elite in America. Wash., 1966; Spitz D. Patterns of Anti-Democratic Thougoht. Glencoe, 1965; Jodi M. Teorie Elity A Problem Elity. Praha, 1968; Parry G. Political Elite. L, 1969; Rubinj. DO IT! N.Y., 1970; Prewitt K., Stone A. The ruling elites. ELITE THEORY, POWER AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY. N.Y., 1973; Gans H.g. Popular Culture and High Culture. N.Y., 1974; Swingwood A. The Myth of Mass Culture. L., 1977; Toffler A. The Third Wave. N.Y., 1981; Ridless R. Ideology and Art. Theories of Mass Culture from W. Benjamin to U. Eco. N.Y., 1984; Shiah M. Discourse on Popular Culture. Stanford, 1989; Theory, Culture and Society. L., 1990. I. V. Kondakov. Culturality of the twentieth century. Encyclopedia. M.1996.

Elite culture

Elite, or high culture is created by a privileged part of society, or by its order by professional creators. It includes elegant art, classical music and literature. High culture, such as painting Picasso or music by Schnit, is difficult to understand the unprepared person. As a rule, it is ahead of decades ahead of the perception of the average humanized person. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society: critics, literary critics, regulars of museums and exhibitions, theater, artists, writers, musicians. When the level of education of the population is growing, the circle of high culture consumers is expanding. To its varieties, secular art and salon music can be attributed. The formula of elite culture is "art for art."

Elite culture is intended for a narrow circle of a highly educated public and oppose both folk and mass culture. It is usually incomprehensible to wide masses and requires good preparation for the right perception.

To date, an increasingly important place in the system intercultural communication occupy the mechanisms of distribution of cultural products. A modern society lives in a technical civilization, which is fundamentally distinguished by methods, means, technologies and channels of transmission of cultural information. Therefore, in a new information and cultural space, only what is massively popular, and only standardized products of mass culture as a whole and elitar culture are possessed, and in particular.

Elite culture is a combination of creative achievements of human society, to create and adequate perception of which special training is necessary. The essence of this culture is associated with the concept of elite as a manufacturer and consumer of elite culture. In relation to society, this type of culture is higher, privileged to special layers, groups, population classes that carry out the functions of production, management and development of culture. So, there is a separation of the structure of culture on public and elitar.

ELITARIAN CULTURE Created to preserve in the culture of pathos and creative start. The most consistently and holistic concept of elite culture is displayed in the works of H. Ortega-I-Gasset, according to which the elite is part of society, gifted with aesthetic and moral deposits and the most capable of producing spiritual activities. Thus, the elite is considered very talented and skilled scientists, artists, writers, philosophers. The elite groups can be relatively autonomous from the economic and political layers or they can interphone into each other in various situations.

ELITARIAN CULTURE is quite varied by ways of manifestation and content. The essence and features of elite culture can be considered on the example of elite art, which develops mainly in two forms: Panestheticism and aesthetic isolationism.

The shape of Phanesthetism elevates art over science, morality, politics. Such artistic and intuitive forms of knowledge are carried by the Messianic goal of "salvation of the world." The concepts of the ideas of Polestetheism are expressed in research by A. Bergson, F. Nietzsche, F. Schlegel.

The form of aesthetic insulanceism is committed to the expression of "art for art" or "pure art". The concept of this idea is based on defending freedom of individual self-refining and self-expression in art. According to the founders of aesthetic isolationism, modern world There is no beauty that is the only clean source artistic creativity. This concept was implemented in the activities of artists S. Dyagileva, A. Benois, M. Vrubel, V. Serov, K. Korovina. In the musical and ballet arts of high calling, A. Pavlova, F. Shalyapin, M. Fokin, were achieved.

In a narrow sense, a subculture is understood under the elite culture, which is not only different from nationwide, but also opposes her, acquiring closeness, semantic self-sufficiency, isolation. It is based on the formation of its specific features: norms, ideals, values, signs of signs and symbols. Thus, the subculture is designed to unite certain spiritual values \u200b\u200bof like-minded people aimed against the dominant culture. The essence of subculture is to form and develop their sociocultural signs, their isolation from another cultural layer.

ELITARIAN CULTURE is a high culture that is opposed by mass culture by the type of impact on perceiving consciousness that maintains its subjective features and ensures a sense-forming function.

The subject of elitar, high culture is a person - a free, creative person who is capable of implementing conscious activities. Creation of this culture is always personally painted and designed for personal perception, regardless of the latitude of their audience, which is why the widespread and millions of colors of the works of Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Shakespeare not only do not reduce their meanings, but, on the contrary, contribute to the widespread of spiritual values. In this sense, the subject of elitar culture is the representative of the elite.

Elite culture has a number of important features.

Features of elite culture:

complexity, specialism, creativity, innovation;

the ability to form consciousness, ready for active transformative activities and creativity in accordance with the objective laws of reality;

the ability to concentrate spiritual, intelligent and artistic experience of generations;

the presence of a limited circle of values \u200b\u200brecognized by true and "high";

a rigid system of norms taken by this strata as mandatory and stable in the Community "dedicated";

individualization of norms, values, evaluation criteria of activity, often the principles and forms of behavior of the members of the elite community, which are so unique;

the creation of a new, deliberately complicated cultural semantics, requiring the addressee of special training and an immense cultural outlook;

use deliberately subjective, individually creative, "omnant" interpretation of the usual and habitual, which brings the cultural development of reality to the subject to the mental (sometimes artistic) experiment over it and in the limit replaces the reflection of reality in the elite culture of its transformation, imitation - deformation, penetration into meaning - speculation and rethinking of the data;

semantic and functional "closeness", "narrowness", isolation from the whole national Culturethat turns the elite culture in the likeness of the secret, sacred, esoteric knowledge, and its carriers turn into a kind of "priests" of this knowledge, the electedies of the gods, "servants of the music", "Guardians of Secrets and Faith", which is often played and poeticized in elite culture .

ELITARIAN CULTURE (from Franz. Elite - selected, selected, better) - subculture of privileged groups of OB-VA, characterized by conceptuality, spiritual aristocratism and value-semantic self-sufficiency. Appealing to the chosen minority of its subjects, as a rule, at the same time, its creators and addressees (in any case, the circle of those and others almost coincides), E.K. Consciously and consistently opposes the culture of the majority, or mass culture in a broad sense (in all its easter. and typologic. varieties - folklore, folk culture, officer. Culture of a class or class, state-of-country in the whole, cultural industry technocratic. -You 20 century. etc.). Moreover, E.K. It needs a constant context of mass culture, since it is based on the mechanism of repulsion from the values \u200b\u200band standards adopted in the mass culture, on the destruction of the prevailing stereotypes and templates of the Maceration (including their parody, ridicule, irony, grotesque, controversy, criticism, refutation), on demonstrative self-insulation In general, nat. Culture. In this regard, E.K. - Characterized by a marginal phenomenon within the framework of any Eastor. or nat. The type of culture and is always secondary, derivative in relation to the culture of the majority. Especially acute is the problem of E.K. In Oba, where the antinomy of mass culture and E.K. Practically exhausts all the variety of manifestations of nat. Cultures as a whole and where the mediative ("median") area has developed. Culture constituting its maintenance. The housing and equally opposing polarized mass and E. cultures as a value-sensitive extremes. This is characteristic, in particular, for cultures with a binary structure and prone to inversion forms of Easter. development (rus. and typologically similar to her close cultures).

Political and cultural elites differ; The first, also referred to as the "ruling", "powerful", today, thanks to the works of V. Pareto, Moska, R. Michels, Ch.R. Mills, R. Milibanda, J. Scott, J. Perry, D. Bella and others. Sociologists and political scientists, in detail and deeply studied. The elites of cultural - strata, united eco, social, political, and actually powerful interests and goals, but ideological principles, spiritual values, sociocultural norms, etc. Related in principle similar (isomorphic) selection mechanisms, status consumption, prestige, elite political, and cultural nevertheless do not coincide with each other and only sometimes come into temporary alliances that are extremely unstable and fragile. It is enough to recall the spiritual dramas of Socrates convicted to death with their fellow citizens, and Plato, disappointed in the Syracuse of the Tirana of Dioniria (senior), to-ry, to implement the Platonian utopia "states" in practice, who refused to serve the king, to serve the people "and thus He recognized the inevitability of his work. Loneliness, although in its kind and royal ("You're a king: alone"), and L. Tolstoy, who has sought, despite its origin and the provision to express the "idea of \u200b\u200bpeople's" means of its high and unique art of the word, Europe. Education, sophisticated author's philosophy and religion. It is worth mentioning here the shortfall of sciences and arts at the court of Lorenzo magnificent; The experience of the highest patronage of Louis XIV Muses, who gave the world of samples of Zap.-Europe. classicism; A short period of cooperation between the enlightened nobility and the noble bureaucracy in the reign of Catherine II; The short-lived union of pre-revoluz. Rus. Intelligentsia with the Bolshevik authorities in the 20s. etc. In order to approve the integrated and largely obscuring nature of the interacting political and cultural elites, the combined socio-semantic and cultural and semantic structures of the OB and coexist in time and space, respectively. This means that E.K. It is not a generation and product political, elite (as it was often asserted in Marxist studies) and not wearing a class-party nature, and in many cases it consists in the fight against political. elites for their independence and freedom. On the contrary, it is logical to assume that the cultural elites contribute to the formation of political. ELITE (structurally isomorphic elites cultural) in a narrower sphere of socio-political. , state and power relations as their own case, isolated and alienated from the whole E.K.

Unlike the political, elite, the elites of spiritual, creative produce their own, fundamentally new mechanisms of self-regulation and value-semantic criteria of activity electing officers who go beyond social and politics, requirements, and often accompanied by demonstrative care from politics and social institutions and the semantive opposition to these Phenomena as an individual (nonesthetic., anthem., Non-good, in intellectual terms of the poor and vulgar). In E.K. It is consciously limited to the range of values \u200b\u200brecognized by true and "high", and the system of norms taken by this stratum is obliged as obligatory. and strictly stable "dedicated". The amounts of the narrowing of the elite and its spiritual cohesion is inevitably accompanied by its qualities, growth (in intellectual, aesthetic., Relig., Ethich. And other relations), and therefore, the individualization of norms, values, evaluation criteria, often the principles and forms of the behavior of elite members messaging, thereby becoming unique.

Ago in the sake of this circle of norms and values \u200b\u200bEK It becomes emphasized high, innovative, which can be achieved different. means:

1) the development of new social and mental realities as cultural phenomena or, on the contrary, the rejection of any new and "cooling" of a narrow circle of conservative values \u200b\u200band norms;

2) the inclusion of its subject in an unexpected value-semantic context, which gives its interpretation unique and even exclusion, meaning;

3) the creation of a new, deliberately complicated cultural semantics (metaphoric, associative, alluzive, symbolism. And metasimvolich.), Requiring a special purpose. preparation and immense cultural outlook;

4) the development of a special cultural language (code), affordable only to the narrow circle of connoisseurs and designed to comprehend the communication, erect an insurmountable (or as complex as possible to overcome) the semantic obstacles of the stranded thinking, which exists in principle unable to comprehend the innovations of E.K., "decrypt" it sense; 5) the use of deliberately subjective, individually-creative., "Ostrating" interpretation of the usual and habitual, which brings the cultural development of reality to the subject to the mental (sometimes art.) The experiment on her and in the limit replaces the reflection of reality in E.K. Its transformation, imitation - deformation, penetration into sense - sensing and rethinking of the given. Due to its semantic and functional "closedness", "narrow,", isolation from the whole nat. Culture, E.K. It is often transformed into a variety (or similarity) of secret, sacred, esoteric. Knowledge, taboo for the rest of the mass, and its carriers turn into a kind of "priests" of this knowledge, the electedies of the gods, "Music Servants", "Guardians of Secrets and Faith", which often beats and poeticized in E.K.

Historic. The origin of E.K. That is: Already in the primitive society, priests, Magitis, sorcerers, tribal leaders become privileged owners of special knowledge, which cannot and should not be intended for universal, mass use. Subsequently of this kind of relationship between E.K. and a massive culture in one form or another, in particular secular, repeatedly reproduced (in Split. Relig. Confresices and especially sects, in monastic and spiritual and knightly orders, Masonic lips, in handicraft shops that cultivated prof. Mastery, in religious philosophy . Meetings, in literary and art. and intellectual circles that are around charismatich. Leader, scientists of messages and scientific schools, in politics, associations and parties, including those who worked as conspirativity, conspirators, under the conditions of underground and etc.) Ultimately, the elititude of knowledge, skills, values, norms, principles, principles, traditions, was the key to the sophisticated professionalism and the deep subject of sophisticated professionalism and the deep-sized specialized ™, without reaching in culture, is impossible. Progress, postulate, value-sense growth, contain, enrichment and accumulation of formal perfection is any value-sense hierarchy. E.K. It acts as an initiative and productive principle in any culture, performing mainly work. function in it; While the mass culture is tempted, rutinizes, face achievements EK, adapting them to perception and consumption by the sociocultural majority of the OB. In turn, E.K. constantly ridiculed or denounces a massive culture, it parods it or grotesque deforms, representing the world of mass organization and its culture is terrible and ugly, aggressive and cruel; In this context of the fate of EK representatives Drawn tragic., stared, broken (romantic. and post-stunt. The concepts of "genius and crowds"; "Creation. Madness", or "sacred illness", and everyday "common sense"; inspired "intoxication", incl. narcotic , and vulgar "sobriety"; "Holiday life" and boring everyday life).

Theory and Practice EK It blooms especially productive and fruitful on the "broken" cultural era, when changing cultural and easter. Paradigms, a peculiarly expressing crisis state of culture, an unstable balance between "old" and "new", representatives of EK themselves Realized their mission in culture as "new pokers", as ahead of their time, as creators who are not understandable with their contemporaries (as follows, for example, in their majority of romance and modernists - symbolists, cultural figures of avant-garde and prof. Revolutionaries who carried out the cultural revolution) . This also includes the "excretions" of large-scale traditions and the creators of the paradigm "Big Style" (Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller, Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Gorky, Kafka, etc.). This t. Sv., Fair, not, was not, however, is the only possible. So, on the basis of Rus. Culture (where societies, attitude to E.K. was in most cases a wary or even hostile, which did not even contribute to the spread of E.K., compared with the Zap. Europe) were born concepts, treating E.K. As a conservative care from social reality and its topical problems in the world of idealized aesthetics ("pure art", or "art for art"), Relig. and mythol. fantasies, socio-political. Utopia, philos. idealism, etc. (Late Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, M. Antonovich, N. Mikhailovsky, V. Stasov, P. Tkachev, etc, radical-democracy. Thinking). In the same tradition, Pisarev and Plekhanov, and also standing by a few mansion of the AP. Grigoriev interpreted E.K. (including "art for art") as a demonstrative form of a rejection of social and political reality, as an expression of a hidden, passive protest against it, as a refusal to participate in societies. The struggle of his time, seeing in this and characteristic story. Symptom (deepening crisis), and pronounced inferiority itself E.K. (lack of latitude and history. Forerside, societies, weakness and impotence to influence the course of history and liveliness of the masses).

Theorists EK - Plato and Augustine, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, Vl. Solovyov and Leontyev, Berdyaev and A. Bely, Ortega-I-Gassette and Benjamin, Gusserl and Heidegger, Manneham and Ellulul - differently varied the thesis of hostility of democratization and the pet culture of its qualities. The level, its content and formal perfection, creature. Search and intellectual, aesthetic., Relig. And other novelty, about the inevitably accompanying mass culture of the election and triviality (ideas, images, theories, plots), confusion, about the infringement of work. Personality and suppressing her freedom in conditions of mass or mechanical. replication of spiritual values, expansion of industrial production of culture. This tendency - deepening contradictions between E.K. And the bulk - it was unprecedented in 20 V. and inspired many sharp and dramatics. collisions (cf., for example, novels: "Ulysses" Joyce, "In Search of Lost Time" Pruts, "Steppe Wolf" and "Game in Beads" Hesse, "Magic Mountain" and "Dr. Faustus" T. Manna, "We »Zamytina," Life of Klim Samgin "Gorky," Master and Margarita "Bulgakov," Kotlovan "and" Cheving "Platonov," Pyramid "L. Leonova, etc.). At the same time in the history of the culture of the 20th century. Many examples, brightly illustrating the paradoxical dialectic E.K. and massive: their interaction and mutual entertainment, mutual influence and self-denial of each of them.

So, for example, creature. Catching Split. Representatives of modern culture (symbols and impressionists, expressionists and futurists, surrealists and Dadaistov, etc.) - both artists and theorists of the directions, and philosophers, and publicists - were aimed at creating unique samples and entire systems E.K. Many formal sizes were experimental; Theorem. Manifesto and declarations justified the right of the artist and thinker to work. Incompression, separation from the mass, its tastes and needs, on self-valued being of "culture for culture". However, as the extensive field of activity of modernists, everyday life, everyday situations, forms of ordinary thinking, the structure of generally accepted behavior, the current Eastor are found. Events, etc. (Let it be with the "minus" sign as "minus reception"), modernism began - involuntarily, and then consciously - appeal to the mass and mass consciousness. Package and Eroshean, grotesque and glooming of the average man, buffonade and farce are the same legitimate genres, style techniques and express, the means of mass culture, as well as the beat of stamps and stereotypes of the mass consciousness, poster and agitox, bolagan, and a chastushka, declamation and rhetoric. Stylization or parody of banalities are almost indistinguishable from stylized and paradisable (with the exception of irony. Author's distance and a common semantic context remaining practically elusive for mass perception); But the recognition and the usability of vulgarity makes it criticism - a highly intelligent, thin, anxious - little understandable and effective for the majority of recipients (which are not able to distinguish a mockery over the low-thick taste from plowing it). In the sharp and the same product of the culture acquires a double life with Split. The semantic filling and opposite ideological pathos: it turns out to be addressed to E.K., the other to the mass culture. These are many works of Chekhov and Gorky, Maler and Stravinsky, Modigliani and Picasso, L. Andreeva and Verkjna, Mayakovsky and Eloar, Meyerhold and Shostakovich, Yesenin and Harms, Brecht and Fellini, Brodsky and Wivich. Especially contradictory contamination E.K. and mass culture in the culture of postmodern; For example, in such an early phenomenon of postmodernism, like pop art, the elitarization of the mass culture occurs and at the same time - the moance of elitism, which gave the basis of the classics of the Council. Postmodern U. Eco characterize pop art as a "low-grade highness", or, on the contrary, as "high-pass low-pass" (in English. : LowBrow Highbrow, or Highbrow LowBrow).

HE less paradoxes occurs when the genesis of totalitarian culture, K-paradium, by definition, is the culture of mass and culture of the masses. However, in its origin, the totalitarian Kul-Tour is rooted in E.K.: So, Nietzsche, Spengler, Weininger, Zombart, Junger, K. Schmitt, and others. Philosophers and socio-politics, thinkers who anticipate and approximately the GEM. Nazism, belonged unconditionally to E.K. And in some cases, it is turned and distorted by their practical. Interpreters, promoted, simplified to a rigid scheme and uncomplicated demagogy. The same way is with the Communist. Totalitarianism: both founders of Marxism - Marx and Engels, and Plekhanov, and Lenin himself, and Trotsky himself, and Bukharin - they were all, in their own way, "high-tone" intellectuals and represented a very narrow circle of radically configured intelligentsia. Moreover, the idea. Atmosphere of Social Democratic., Socialist., Marxist Circles, then strictly classified party cells were built in full compliance with the principles of E.K. (Only distributed to politis, and know. Culture), and the principle of party parties suggested not just selectivity, but also quite strict selection of values, norms, principles, concepts, types of behavior, etc. Actually, the selection mechanism itself (on racial and nat. Sign or by class-political.), lying at the base of totalitarianism as a sociocultural system, Fan E.K., in its depths, its representatives, and later only extrapolated on a mass OB, in K-ROM, everything recognized by appropriately reproduced and It is injected, but dangerous for self-preservation and development, is forbidden and removed (including violence by means of violence). So, the totalitarian culture originally arises from the atmosphere and style, from the norms and values \u200b\u200bof the elite circle, is universalized as a certain panacea, and then forcibly imposed on the basis of a generally as an ideal model and is practically introduced into mass consciousness and societies, activities by any , including any industrial, means.

In the conditions of post-totalitarian development, as well as in the context of Zap. Democracy phenomena totalitarian culture (emblems and symbols, ideas and images, concepts and style of socialist. Realism), being presented in cultural and pluralist. The context and distance the SCUD. Reflexes - purely intellectual or aesthetic, - begin to function as exotic. Components EK And perceived by a generation, familiar with totalitarianism only by photographs and jokes, "used and grotesque, associative. The components of the mass culture included in the context of E.K., act as EK elements; While the components of E.K., inscribed in the context of the culture of the mass, become components of the mass. In the cultural paradigm of postmodern components E.K. and mass culture are used equally as an ambivalent gaming material, and the meaning boundary between the mass and E.K. It turns out to be fundamentally blurred or removed; In this case, the distinction of E.K. And the culture of mass practically loses its meaning (maintaining a potential recipient only the allusive importance of the cultural and genetic context).

The product of elite culture is created by professionals and is part of a privileged society that has formed it. Mass culture is part of a common culture, the development rate of the entire society, and not a separate class.

Elite culture is a mansion, mass culture has a huge number of consumers.

Understanding the value of the product of elite culture requires certain professional skills and skills. Mass culture is wearing a utilitarian, understandable in a wide layer of consumers.

The creators of elite culture products do not pursue the material benefit, they dream only about creative self-realization. Mass culture products bring big profits to their creators.

Mass culture simplifies everything, makes accessible to wide layers of society. Elite culture is oriented on a narrow circle of consumers.

Mass culture dewits society, elitar, on the contrary, chasing bright creative Individuality. Read more: http://thedb.ru/items/otlichie_elitarnoj_kultury_ot_massovoj/

Classical Dieterature

Elite culture has quite blurred boundaries, especially at present, with the tendencies of the desire of the elements of the mass to the expression of individuality. Its peculiarity is that it is doomed to be a good majority of people, and this is one of its main characteristics. In this article we learn, elitar culture, what is its main characteristics and comparable to it with a mass.

What it is

Elite culture is the same "high culture". It is opposed to mass, which is one of the methods of its detection in the overall cultural process. For the first time, this concept was allocated by K. Manhaim and H. Ortegoy-I-Gasset in their works, where they brought it precisely as an antithesis of the concept of mass culture. They meant under a high culture of the one that contains a semantic core, capable of developing human individuality, and from which it can follow the continuation of the creation of other elements. Another referral that they allocated - the presence of special verbal elements available for narrow social groups: for example, Latin and Sanskrit for clergy.

Elite and mass culture: opposition

They are opposed to each other by the type of exposure to consciousness, as well as the quality of meanings that contain their elements. So, the mass is aimed at a more superficial perception that does not require specific knowledge and special intellectual efforts to understand the cultural product. Currently, the enhanced distribution of mass culture occurs due to the process of globalization, which, in turn, is distributed through the media and is stimulated by the capitalist device of society. Unlike elitar, intended for broad Circle Persons. Now we see her elements everywhere, and it is especially brightly manifested in the programs of television channels and cinema.

So, Hollywood cinema can be opposed to arthus. At the same time, the first type of films emphasizes the attention of the viewer not in the sense and idea of \u200b\u200bhistory, but on the special effects of the video. Here, high-quality cinema implies an interesting design, unexpected, but easy to perceive the plot.

Elite culture is represented by Arthaus's films, which are evaluated by other criteria than Hollywood products of this kind, the main of which is to make sense. So, the quality of the video order is often in such films is underestimated. At first glance, the cause of low quality shooting is either the lack of good funding, or the dilent of the director. However, this is not like this: in the cinema arthus video function - to convey the meaning of the idea. Special effects can distract from this, so they are not characteristic of the products of this format. Arthaus ideas are original and deep. Very often in presentation of simple history is hidden from superficial understanding. deep meaning, reveals a real tragedy of personality. During the viewing of these films, you can often track down that the director himself is trying to find an answer to the question assigned and studies the heroes along the shooting. To predict the plot of arthus cinema is almost impossible.

Characteristic of high culture

ELITARIAN CULTURE has a number of characteristics that distinguish it from the mass:

Its elements are directed to the display and study of the deep processes of human psychology.
It has a closed structure, is available for understanding only outstanding personalities.
It is characterized by the originality of art solutions.
Contains a minimum of fine means.
It has the ability to express something new.
It takes an approbation of the fact that in the future it can become a classic or trivial art.

Elite or high culture for many years remains inaccessible to understand most people. This explains its name. It is created and consumed by a narrow circle of people. Most people do not even know about the existence of such a form of culture, unfamiliar with its definition.

Elitar, folk and mass - is there a similarity

Folk art He is the founder of any other cultural direction as a whole. Her works are created by nameless creators, they come from the people. Such creations are transmitted Features of every time, image and lifestyle of people. Such type of art includes fairy tales, epics, myths.

Mass culture developed on the basis of folk. It has a large audience and is aimed at creating such works that will be understood and accessible to everyone. It has a smaller value than any other. The results of its activity are produced in large volumes, they do not take into account the exquisite tastes or mental depths of people.

Elite culture is created by professionals for a specific circle of people with a certain level of education and knowledge. She does not seek to conquer the sympathy of the masses. With the help of such works, the masters are looking for answers to eternal questions, seek to transmit depth human soul.

Over time, the works of high creativity can be estimated by the masses. Nevertheless, leaving the people, such creativity remains the highest level in the development of any kind of art.

Features and signs of elite culture

The best way The differences and signs of elite works of art can be seen in their comparison with the mass.

All signs of elite art are opposed to mass or folk, which are created for a wide range of spectators. Therefore, its results often remain incomprehensible and the unpleasant majority of people. Awareness of their greatness and significance occurs Only after a decade, and sometimes a century.

What works relate to elite culture

Many examples of elite works Currently known to everyone.

A group of people for whom such masterpieces of art may not stand out ancient name, the knowledge of the genus and other differences, which in everyday speech characterize the elite. You can understand and evaluate such creations only with the help of a certain level of development, a set of knowledge and skills, pure and clear consciousness.

Primitive mass creativity It will not be able to help in the development of the level of intelligence and education.

It does not affect the depths of the human soul, it does not seek to know the essence of being. It adapts to the requirements of the consumer's time and desires. That is why the development of elite culture is very important for all mankind. It is such works that help them albeit a small circle of people to maintain a high level of education and the ability to evaluate truly beautiful works of art and their authors.