What is pop music. Pop music

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Estrada is the type of spectacular art in which the short concert numbers of one or several artists (narrator, singers, dancers, dancers, acrobats, magicians, etc.) make up a holistic program, calculated, as a rule, to a massive perception. Estrada Multicolia and diverse. Diverse and the audience perception of this art. For some grades, this is a performance of songs and musical groups and performers, for Third, the performance of humorists, for the fourth - clowns or performers of modern dance. The forms of the existence of this art are different: a concert in the club, a film-concert hall, a student cabbage in the assembly hall of the institute, a theatrical program at the stadium or in the sports palace, the performance of the theater miniature, presentation in the stage theater, solo concert, etc. and in each case The composition of the audience, its number determines the features of a lively pop action.

The pop roots go to the distant past, traced in the art of antiquity - Egypt, Greece, Rome, its elements are in the ideas of the wandering comedians - scrooches, spiers, jugglers, Frant, etc. However, in modern forms, the pop art has developed in Western Europe during the XIX . So, the visitors of the Parisian café were entertained by musicians, singers, classrooms, in whose repertoire there were sharp and topical things. The success of such cafes caused the emergence of larger spectacular enterprises - Cafe-concerts (Ambassador, Eldorado, etc.). In England, the musical halls of the Music Halls arose in England - Music Halls, where dancing, comic songs, circus numbers were performed; The first is considered to be "Star Music-Hall", founded in 1832

According to London Music-Hall "Alhambra" in 1869, "Foli Berger" opened in Paris, and in two decades - "Moulin Rouge", called the "Variety Hall" (from French Variété - a variety). Gradually, the word "variety" began to apply not only to specific theaters, but also to whole art consisting of a variety of genres, from which a holistic representation is ultimately created.

In 1881, artistic cabaret opened in Paris (from the French Cabaret - Zucchini) "Sha Noir" ("Black Cat"), where young artists, actors, writers gathered. There were often sharp social and political problems here. Cabaret in Germany, Austria and other countries used great fame. Nowadays, this form, separating from the cafe, began to exist as a political and satirical theater of small forms (Germany) with a somewhat modified name - Cabaret.

In Russia, variety came at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. Following Varyt, the public attention attracted both the cabaret. They had their own predecessors in Russia, in many respects identified the originality of the Russian pop. These are the Balagans who have experienced a public on the holidays by social composition, and the divertisters are small concert programs that were given in theaters before starting and after the end of the main play. Divertisima programs included Russian songs and arias from operas, classic and folk dances, carpenter from waterville, poems and stories performed by dramatic actors. In general, the theater had a lot of influence on Russian stage, which determined her originality.

After the October Revolution, the artists came out of small, close cabaretals, variety, miniature theaters on the streets and squares, to the people. They replaced speakers at numerous meeting concerts, traveled with concerts to the fronts of the Civil War, performed on call points, in barracks, work clubs. It was then that the concept of "Estrada" (from the French Estrade - Login) has spread to a whole area of \u200b\u200bart.

The base of pop art is a number, a short time, completed by the form (one or several artists) with its drama, in which, as in a large performance, there must be exposure, climax and junction. Shortyness involves the limiting concentration of expressive agents. Therefore, the variety of hyperbole, grotesque, buffonade, eccentric; Hence the brightness, exaggeration of parts, the moment of acting reincarnation. The room retains its value in the pop performance (show, root, etc.), created on the basis of the play (Ferris). In such a performance, the rooms are combined by the figure of the browser or a simple plot.

The actors protruding on the stage are widely used by the so-called mask, a certain image that is constant not only an appearance, but also properties of character, biographies. This image born to artistic imagination may not have anything in common with the personality of the artist himself.

Often, however, the pop artist's mask becomes a concentrated expression of his own personality. But for whatever the mask, the artist was hidden, he turns directly to the audience, seeks to include them into action, make their "interlocutors."

In its path, Russian stage solved various tasks: agitated, called, inspired, brought up, entertained and, of course, entertained. Entertainment is characteristic of the stage, like any other art. But it is not equivalent to hasty. For external ease, more frequently hid serious content, and than a talenter artist, the higher his skill, the better it is possible to conclude a serious thought in a light shape. An example of citizenship, the severity of social content and perfection of the artistic form is satirical art A. I. Raykin.

Traditionally, a large place on our stage belongs to genres associated with the word. This is a story, a monologue, a small scene, feuilleton, a vest, parody, the conference. The task of the introduction of the wide masses to culture in the 20-30s. XX century Called to life the form of artistic reading from the pop of works of modern and classical literature. Artists-readers seek to reveal as fully as possible to the audience the author's world, the artistic peculiarity of his works.

The leading place on the stage was taken by musical and vocal genres: romance, bard and folk song, pop and rock music, jazz, etc. Huge auditoriums collect solo concerts of famous pop singers. In the process of development, new forms and stylistic directions arise, they enrich the musical grade with fresh artistic ideas, reflect the rhythms of time. The choreographic rooms are widely represented on the stage, both ensemble and solo: folk dances, plastic duets, miniatures, dances in modern rhythms.

Circus rooms are attracted by entertainment: jugglers, illusionists, manipulators, acrobats, equilibrists, mimes. A lot of fascinating is born at the junction of genres: pantomimes and acrobatics, pantomimes and juggling, etc. Many artists use eccentric inherent in the nature of pop art.

Pop art has developed widely in the USSR. All-Union Olympiad of theaters and the Arts of the Peoples of the USSR 1930, the All-Union Flat Dance Festival of 1936, the decades of the National Art of the Union republics, the reporting concerts contributed to the formation of this type of creativity from the peoples, who had previously known him, except for folklore forms. All-Russian and all-Union contests of creative youth were held regularly. Synthetic in nature, the stage has always been associated with the theater, movies, literature, music. Different forms of interference of pop with other arts are viewed throughout its history. Jazz, Rock music enter the music symphonic; pop dance, acrobatics affect classical choreography; constantly refers to the variety of cinema; Critics write about the estradization of the theater. In turn, the stage is captured by the theatricalization process, it affects all its genres, on a general trend towards theatrical programs, to the creation of performances, pop theaters.

Everyone knows the wonderful skill of K. I. Shulzhenko, who perfect lyrical songs.

Presentation of Tarapunki (Yuri Tymoshenko) and plugs (Efim Berezin, left).

At the stage, Illusionist Harutyun Hakobyan.

Famous British group "Beatles".

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Introduction

3. Genres of pop art

Conclusion

List of used literature

Introduction

pop art genre director

With its roots, Estrada leaves the distant past, traced in the art of Egypt, Greece. Estradic elements were present in the ideas of the wandering - scrooches (Russia), Spielmen (Germany), juggler (France) and so on. Troubadur movement in France (end of the XI century) made a carrier of a new public idea. Its peculiarity was to write music under the order, genre variety of songs from the plots of love lyrics before chanting the fighting feats of military units. Distributed musical creativity hired singers and stray artists.

Satira on urban life and morals, sharp jokes for political topics, critical attitude to power, couplements, comic scenes, booms, games, music eccentric came in reservation by future pop genres born in the noise of carnival and square amusements. Slap, which, with the help of additives, sharpness, cheerful versions, sales made any goods on the squares, markets, and later were the predecessors of the configuration. All this was massive and intelligible, which was the indispensable condition for the existence of all pop genres. All medieval carnival artists did not play performances. The basis of the presentation was a miniature, which distinguished them from the theater, the main feature of which are elements that bind action together. These artists did not depict the characters, and always opposed their own name, directly communicating with the viewer. This is the main, distinctive feature of a modern show - business.

Somewhat later (mid and end of the XVIII century) in foreign countries there were various entertainment establishments - Music Halls, variety, cabaret, mining shows, which joined the entire experience of the nearest and carnival ideas and were predecessors of modern spectacular organizations. With the transition of many street genres in closed premises, a special level of performing art began to be formed, since the new conditions required a more focused perception from the viewer. The activities of the cafe - Shantanov, cafes - concerts designed for a small number of visitors, made it possible to develop such chamber genres as lyric singing, configuration, solo dance, eccentric. The success of such cafes caused the emergence of larger, spectacular enterprises - cafe-concerts, such as "Ambassador", "Eldorado" and others.

This form of shows was characterized by such qualities such as openness, laconicism, improvisation, festivity, originality, entertainment. At this time, France acquires the status of a cultural and entertainment center. "Montasse theater" (variety) - combined musical, theatrical and circus art. In 1792, the "Waterville" theater acquires greater popularity. The repertoire of the theater is comedy plays, in which dialogues with twips, songs and dances alternate. Cabaret was very popular (entertainment, combining a song-dance genre of entertainment character) and operetta.

Developing as the art of festive leisure, Estrada has always strived for unusualness and diversity. Salt of festivity was created at the expense of external entertainment, the game of light, shifts of pictorial scenery, a change in the shape of the stage platform.

The pop music from the 20s of the last century is located in the center of the attention of cultural and artists, researchers in various fields of knowledge, speaking as a subject of controversy on pages of periodic press and disputes in scientific circles. Throughout the history of domestic pop art, the attitude towards him has repeatedly changed. "In the domestic science, there was a tradition to consider pop art, and in this context of jazz, and then rock music as manifestations of mass culture, which became the object of research in the framework of sociology, social psychology and other social sciences. The interest of cultural scientists and political scientists to the problems of modern Estrades and sociocultural phenomena generated by it does not weaken today. "

The development of cinema made a stunning effect worldwide, and later becoming the direct attribute of any society. From the late 1880s of the early 1900s, it is closely adjacent to the emerging domestic pop, as an institution and as a spectacle is a direct continuation of the Balagan. The tapes were transported from the city to the city by entrepreneurs on van, along with projection equipment. The lack of electricity slowed down the development of cinema in the considerable territory of the country. Given this fact, entrepreneurs acquire small portable electrical stations that have significantly expanded the possibilities of film distribution.

Thus, "the development of musical culture is not possible without carrying out a whole complex of management tasks, the solution of which requires training qualified personnel in accordance with modern socio-cultural conditions."

There is also a reverse process - commercialization (without a negative shade) of pop. So, fans prices for Madonna concerts in London, which in August 2007, ranged from 80 to 160 pounds (from 140 to 280 dollars) plus 13 pounds per reservation. Show Re-Invention Tour, with which she drove two years ago on the US and Europe, brought $ 125 million - more than any other show that year. Tickets for concerts in London were then up to 150 pounds.

In fact, Madonna is one of the main beneficiaries of change, which some powerful economic factors brought to the organization of show programs.

1. Room - lead from pop art components

The number is a separate, completed performance of one or several artists. It is the basis of pop art - "His Majesty Number" - N. Smirnov-Sokolsky spoke. The sequence, "installation" of the rooms is the essence of the concert, theatrical program, the pop performance. Initially, the concept of "number" was used in the literal sense, determined the order of the artists with each other: the first, second, fifth ... in the pop (or circus) program (also alternating individual scenes in the opera - "number of the number", in ballet).

For an artist speaking on stage, the room is a small performance with its riot, culmination and a junction. The shortestrate number of the number (no more than 15-20 minutes) requires the limit concentration of expressive means, laconism, dynamics. Directors are involved, and sometimes composers, choreographers, artists, including artists in the costume, light.

In the scenario, the number can be defined as a separate section of action with its own internal structure.

The structure of the number is identical to the structure of any dramatic action. Here should be a kind of exposition point, the necessary starting action. The room cannot exist without development, the strength of which depends on the specific tasks of the director. The climax in the room is expressed most often as a contrast fracture, without which there can be no necessary completeness of the development of the entire script. The number is usually a permitting point leading to relative completion.

The room must be relatively short on tension, but not Kuzim. Its duration is directly dependent on its function, destination, tasks in the general topic of the topic: no less and no more that it is assigned to artistic logic.

The following requirement for the number is a high concentration of content: for extremely small time you need to give maximum information, and not just convey information to the viewer, and artistically organize it with the purpose of emotional and aesthetic impact.

Each musical genre has its own form of existence. In the Opera Theater, this performance is a holistic, deployed, artistic completed work. For the symphonic, brass orchestra, the orchestra of folk instruments, chamber ensembles and soloists, such a form is a concert that includes the execution of one or more works. For musical pop - also a concert, but a special kind. Its foundation are musical rooms of different genres and styles. For example, when they sing, accompanied by the Orchestra of Russian folk instruments, is an academic concert, and, accompanied by an instrumental ensemble, also folk instruments - pop. Such, the difference is determined by the specificity of the execution characteristic of each genre. One of the main features of the musical pop room, vocal or instrumental, is the specifics of communication with the viewer. The pop artist always necessarily turns to the hall to the audience. This feature of the musical pop has historical roots. More chomoroches on folk feet entered into direct communication with the listeners. Currently, direct communication with the viewer has become more complex and multivalued. It is very accurate and interesting to this thought expressed A. Alekseev in the book "Serious and Funny". On the stage, unlike an academic concert, "you all the time feel that this is not told for you, but they talk to you ...".

This feature of performing arts - be it a musical feuilletone, couplements, song, instrumental play - determines the essence and difference between the pop-up number from academic execution. When the soloist instrumentalist, the vocalist comes to the edge of the pop, sings the song or plays a musical play - this is not just execution, but deeply personal, sincere appeal to sitting in the hall, to everyone immediately and each separately.

Estrada is very closely connected with the theater, the form of the theater and pop works are different. If in the first, as A. Anastasyev noted, it is a performance, then in the art of pop, a room that, according to Y. Dmitriev, "is the basis of pop art."

At the same time, there is a space in the pop-up science. The unanimous recognition is that it is the basis of the basis and the "unit of measurement" of the pop art, on the one hand, and the actual absence of the theory of the creation of a pop number, on the other, creates a kind of "pop-number" paradox. The dominant position of the number in the structure of the pop art causes the next principal conclusion: it is the artistic advantages of a pop room, ultimately, determine the vector of the development of pop art as a whole. Therefore, the analysis of the artistic structure of the pop-number in close connection with the methodology of its creation can be designated as one of the leading issues of estrad studies, which requires a solid research.

The creativity of the author, actor, director, artist concentrates in creating a pop issue. Separate questions of the author's work and artist are considered in the dissertation in the analysis of the artistic structure of the room, but the focus focuses on the work of the actor and the director.

In creating an artistic image in the pop number, the actor, as in the theater, occupies a leading position. But on the stage, this is especially noticeable due to its extraordinary personality. Practice shows that pop artists, unlike the theater, are often authors of their works of art - numbers. In addition, the improvisational art of the actor, which is the basis of individual pop genres, makes it explore the features of the process of creating a number directly at the time of its execution.

The director of the pop room, concentrates all components of the number of rooms and in working with the author of the text, and with the composer, and with the balletmaster, and with the artist, and with the actor. This axis has to be repeated, since with regret it should be noted that even the main aspects of the theory and practice of the director work over the pop number are almost not summarized. "On the work of the director inside the number was mentioned, in my opinion, a little, - rightly noted, for example, N. Zavadskaya. - Meanwhile, it is necessary for artist, even if he has all professional skills." Any, even the most outstanding professional cast artist skills become a meaningless set of tricks, reprises and other expressive means, if they are not given to a common denominator of a holistic artistic image, which is one of the main components of the director's profession in general. And there is no reason to consider a pop number exception to this rule.

2. Classification of pop numbers in accordance with the generic genres of pop

Any classification in art is incomplete, and therefore it is possible to allocate species and genre groups here, focusing only on numbers that are often found in representation scenarios. The pop rooms are classified on the signs of four groups.

The first species group should include conversational (or speech) rooms. Then go musical, plastic-choreographic, mixed, "original" numbers.

Solving genres include: conference, reprise, pun, intermedia, miniature, skough, pop monologue, pop feuilleton, musical welton, musical mosaic, couplets, couplets, parodies.

Genres of plastic-choreographic rooms: dance (folk, characteristic, pop, modern orientation), pantomime and plastic etude.

Genres of the species group "Original numbers": Eccentric, tricks, buffonada, game of unusual musical instruments, sound-powders, cheating, tantamoreski, acrobatics, circus rooms, sports numbers.

The involvement of the audience in the direct action of the theatrical presentation is one of the specific features of this kind of art. Therefore, it is here that the game number has a big distribution in its various genre forms (relating to either mixed or to "original" numbers).

We attribute to the group of music numbers, above all, the concert music number. Completion is due to the most musical form. If an excerpt from a large work is taken as the number, it must be relatively finished, producing a holistic impression. The main musical genre is the song: folk, lyrical, pop, urban romance, Gypsy romance, musical feuilleton.

Favorite people, the genre of the musical number - a chastushka. Its features are topicality, limiting brevity, expressiveness of the shape and capacity of the content. The chastushka, created on a specific material, is an indispensable for the operationality genre. The speech is always individualized, artistically justified, as a speech of a certain person or as a speech, peculiar to a specific area, regions, edge.

A clear composition defined by the form, quatrain structure corresponds to a pronounced content in the chaccilate. One of the characteristic features of this form is an organic combination of spoken intonation with a musical structure. In general, the chatephack number is built as an effective element of the program.

When singing, the four-time chastulent stanza is divided into two semi-edges with a deep pause in the middle. Pause prepares for a new, usually unexpected turn, resolution of the "stated" at the beginning of the topic. As a rule, the first two-dealers play the role of the title, it is given as if the tie of lyric narrative; Second-day - ending: Development of the topic and final conclusion. It is the dramatic structure of the chastushka that makes it an extremely expressive, effective genre, easily perceived by the listeners.

Large emotional effects have chastushki with "reservations".

3. Genres of pop art

Its roots of Estrada goes to the distant past, traced in the art of Egypt, Greece, Rome; Its elements are present in the ideas of the wandering comedian-scroochovets (Russia), Spielmanov (Germany), Jonglers (France), Frant (Poland), Maskarabozov (Central Asia), etc.

Satira on urban life and morals, sharp jokes on political topics, critical attitude to power, couplets, comic scenes, booms, games, clown pantomime, juggling, musical eccentric came in shortests of future pop genres born in the noise of carnival and square amusements.

Slap, which, with the help of additives, sharp, merry versions, sales for the squares, markets were subsequently made by the predecessors of the configuration. All this was massive and intelligible, which was the indispensable condition for the existence of all pop genres. All medieval carnival artists did not play performances.

In Russia, the origins of the pop genres manifested themselves in the sceners of fun, fun of folk festivities. Their representatives are russia grandfathers with an indispensable beard, having fun and told the public from the top platform of the Balagan-Raus, parshechians, rashes, leaders of the "scientists" of bears, actors, which play "sketches" and "reprises" among the crowd, playing on his dulls , Husls, nozzles and fun people.

The pop art is characteristic of such qualities such as openness, laconicism, improvisation, festivity, originality, entertainment.

Developing as the art of festive leisure, Estrada has always strived for unusualness and variety. The sense of festivity was created at the expense of external entertainment, the game of light, shifts of pictorial scenery, changes in the shape of the stage platform, etc. Despite the fact that the stage is characteristic of the variety of forms and genres, it can be divided into three groups:

Concert Estrada (previously called "divertisment") unites all types of speeches in pop concerts;

Theatrical stage (chamber performances of the theater of miniatures, theaters, cabaret, cafe-theater or large-scale concert revu, musical hall, with numerous performing staff and first-class scenic technology);

Festive stage (folk festivities, holidays at stadiums saturated with sports and concert numbers, as well as balls, carnivals, masquerades, festivals, etc.).

Allocate more:

1. Pop theaters

2. Music Hall

If the basis of the pop presentation is the finished number, then the Review, as well as any dramatic action, required the subordination of the plot on the stage on the scene. This, as a rule, was not organically combined and led to the weakening of one of the components of the presentation: either the numbers or characters or the plot. This happened when the "Miracles of the XXX Century" is established - the play decayed a number of independent, weakly related episodes. The success in the audience had only a ballet ensemble and several first-class pop-circus numbers. The ballet ensemble in the formulation of Golayovsky performed three rooms: "Hey, fly!", "Moscow in the rain" and "30 English Gerls". Especially spectacular was the execution of the "snake". Among the circus numbers were the best: Tea Alba and "Australian woodpeakers" Jackson and Laurere. Alba simultaneously wrote chalk on two boards with right and left hands different words. Woodcutters at the end of the number of chairs were rented two pushed logs. The excellent number of equivibra on the wire showed the German stroke. He performed a flipper on the wire. From the Soviet artists, as always, the great success had Smirnov-Sokolsky and the Castochchennitsy V. Glebova and M. Darskaya. Among the circus numbers, the Zoe number and Martha Koh on two parallel wires were highlighted.

In September 1928, the opening of the Leningrad Music Hall was opened.

3. Theater Miniature - theater team working mainly over small forms: small plays, scenes, sketches, operations, operettops along with pop rooms (monologues, purchases, parodies, dancing, songs). The repertoire is dominated by humor, satire, irony, not eliminated lyrics. The troupe is small, the theater of one actor is possible, two actors. The laconic performances are designed for a relatively small audience, represent a certain mosaic cloth.

4. Spoken genres on the stage - the conditional designation of genres associated mainly by the word: conference, intermedia, scene, sketch, story, monologue, feuilleton, microminiature (staged anecdote), Burim.

Entertainer - the conference can be paired, single, mass. The conversational genre, built according to the laws of "unity and the struggle of the opposites", that is, the transition from the quantity to the quality of a satirical principle.

The pop monologue is satirical, lyrical, humorous.

Intermedia is a comic scene or a musical play of a joking content that is executed as an independent number.

Schob - a small scene, where intrigue is developing rapidly, where the simplest plot built on unexpected funny, acute positions, turns that make it possible to arise a whole row of absurdity, but where everything, as a rule, ends with a happy junction. 1-2 actors (but not more than three).

Miniature - In the stage, this is the most popular conversational genre. At the stage today is a popular joke (not published, not printed with Greek.) - This is a brief topical oral story with an unexpected witty ending.

Kalambourg - a joke based on the comic use of similar sounding, but different words on the sound of the sound similarity of equivalent words or combinations.

Reprise is the most asked short conversational genre.

Purchases are one of the most intelligent and popular varieties of the conversational genre. The classist seeks to make fun of this or that phenomenon and express attitude towards him. Must have a sense of humor

Music and colloquial genres include a verse, a chastushka, chansonet, musical feuilleton.

Common parody of the parody can be "conversational", vocal, musical, dance. At one time, declamation, melodiclamation, lithmonts, "artistic reading" were adjacent to speech genres.

It is impossible to give exactly the recorded list of speech genres: unexpected synthesis of words with music, dance, original genres (transformation, ventrollays, etc.) give birth to new genre education. Live practice continuously supplies all sorts of varieties, it was not by chance on the old posters, it was customary to add "in its genre".

Each of the above-mentioned speech genres has its own characteristics, its own history, structure. The development of society, social conditions dictated to the exit on an external one, then another genre. Actually the "pop" genre can be considered only born in the cabaret conference. The rest came from Balagan, theater, from pages of humorous and satirical magazines. Speech genres, in contrast to others, inclined to develop foreign innovations, developed in line with the domestic tradition, in close connection with the theater, with humorous literature.

The development of speech genres is associated with the level of literature. At the back of the actor is the author who dies in the artist. Nevertheless, the intrinsicity of acting creativity does not diminish the values \u200b\u200bof the author, in many respects determining the success of the number. The authors often became the artists themselves. Traditions I. Gorbunov were picked up by pop storymen - they themselves created their repertoire Smirnov-Sokolsky, Afonin, Nabatov, and others. The actors who did not possess literary giving appealed for help to the authors who wrote on oral execution, taking into account the artist's mask. These authors, as a rule, remained "Unnamed." Over the years, the question has discussed in print, it is possible to consider the literature written for execution on the stage. In the early 80s, the All-Union, and then the All-Russian association of pop authors, who helped to legalize this type of literary activity are created. The author's "namelessness" went into the past, moreover, the authors themselves went on stage. In the late 70s, the program "Behind the scenes of laughter", compiled by the type of concert, but exclusively from the performances of pop authors. If only individual writers (Averchenko, Ardov, Laskin) were with their own programs in previous years), now this phenomenon has become massive. The phenomenon of M. Zhvanetsky contributed to success. Starting in the 60s as the author of the Leningrad Theater Miniature, he, bypassing censorship, began to read its short monologues in the houses in the houses of the creative intelligentsia, dialogues, which, like Vysotsky's songs, was distributed throughout the country.

5. Jazz on stage

Under the term "jazz" is customary to understand: 1) the type of musical art based on improvisation and special rhythmic intensity, 2) orchestras and ensembles that perform this music. For the designation of teams, the terms "Jazz Band", "Jazz-Ensemble" are also used (sometimes indicating the number of performers - Jazz Trio, Jazz Quartet, Jazz-Orchestra, Big Bend.

6. Song on stage

Vocal (vocal-instrumental) miniature, widely distributed in concert practice. On the stage, it is often solved as a stage "game" miniature with the help of plastics, costume, light, Misaneszen ("Song Theater"); Personality, features of the talent and skill of the artist, who, in some cases, becomes the "co-author of the composer in some cases.

Genres and shapes of the song are diverse: romance, ballad, folk song, couplet, chastushka, chansonet, etc.; A variety of performance methods: solo, ensemble (duets, choirs, wok.-Instrase ensembles).

There is a composer group and among pop musicians. These are Antonov, Pugacheva, Gazmanov, Line, Kuzmin, Dobrynin, Cornelyuk, etc. The last song was predominantly composer, the current is "performers".

Many styles, manners and directions coexist - from sentimental kitsch and urban romance to Punk Rock and Rap. Thus, today's song is a multicolor and multiple panel, which includes tens of areas, from domestic folk imitation to vaccinations of African American, European and Asian cultures.

7. Dance on stage

This is a short dance room, solo or group, presented in prefabricated pop concerts, in Vary, Music Hall, theaters miniature; accompanies and complements vocalist program, numbers of original and even speech genres. It was based on a folk, domestic (ball) dance, classic ballet, modern dance, sports hymanastics, acrobatics, on the crossing of various foreign influences and national traditions. The nature of dance plastics is dictated by modern rhythms, is formed under the influence of adjacent arts: music, theater, painting, circus, pantomime.

Folk dances originally entered the performances of the capital's troupe. The repertoire had theatrical divertiment representations of rustic, urban and military life, vocal dance suite from Russian folk songs and dance.

In the 90s, the dance on the stage was sharply polarized, as if returned to the situation of the 20s. Dance teams engaged in show business, like "Erotic Dance" and others, make a bet on erotic - performances in nightclubs dictate their laws.

8. Dolls on stage

In Russia, ancient times appreciated manual fishing, loved toy, respected a cheerful game with a doll. Parsley crashed with a soldier, a policeman, Pop, and with the death itself, bravely swung a club, laid down those who did not love the people, Lfolgal evil, argued the folk morality.

Petrushes wandered by one, sometimes together: the puppeteer and the musician, they themselves composed the play, they themselves were actors, the directors themselves - they tried to preserve the movements of dolls, miceanssen, puppet tricks. Puppetes were persecuted.

There were other spectacles in which dolls acted. On the roads of Russia it was possible to meet vans, loaded with dolls on threads - puppets. And sometimes and cutters with slots inside, on which dolls were moving from below. Such boxes were called Vertel. Puppets owned art imitation. They loved to portray singers, copied acrobats, gymnasts, clowns.

9. Parody of the stage

This is a number or performance based on ironic imitation (imitation) as an individual manner, style, characteristic features and stereotypes of the original, and entire directions and genres in art. Comic amplitude: from an israged (derogatory) to a humorous (friendly cartoon) - is determined by the ratio of the parody of the original. The parody of his roots in antique art, in Russia, she has long been present in the sceneous games, boalan ideas.

10. Theaters of small forms

Creation in Russia Theaters-cabaret "Bat", "Curve Mirror", etc.

As the "curve of the mirror" and the "bat" were professionally strong acting teams, the level of the theater culture of which was undoubtedly higher than in numerous theaters miniatures (from Moscow more than others, Petrovsky, director who was D. Gutman , Mamonovsky, cultivating decadent art, where Alexander Vertinsky, Nikolsky, Artist and Director A.P. Petrovsky debuted during the First World War. Among Petersburg - Troitsky A.M. Fokina - directed by V.R. Rappoport, where with chastushkami and how The entertainer was successfully played by V.O. Toporkov, subsequently artist Khu. Theater.).

4. Music genres on stage. Basic principles, techniques and director

Establish pop genres:

1. Latin American music

Latin American Music (Spanner Musica Latinoamericana) is a generalized name of musical styles and genres of Latin America countries, as well as music of immigrants from these countries, compactly residing in other countries and forming large Latin American communities (for example, in the USA). In colloquial speech, the abbreviated name "Latin music" is often used (Musica Latina).

Latin American music, the role of which in the daily life of Latin America is very high, is the alloy of many musical crops, but the basis of it is three components: Spanish (or Portuguese), African and Indian musical cultures. As a rule, Latin American songs are performed in Spanish or Portuguese, less often - in French. Latin American performers living in the United States are usually bilingual and often use texts in English.

Actually, Spanish and Portuguese music does not apply to the Latin American, being, however, is closely related to the last large number of connections; And the influence of Spanish and Portuguese music on the Latin American mutual.

Despite the fact that the Latin American music is extremely heterogeneous and in each country of Latin America has its own characteristics, it can be stylistically divided into several basic regional styles:

* Andean music;

* Central American music;

* Caribbean music;

* Argentine music;

* Mexican music;

* Brazilian music.

It should, however, keep in mind that this division is very conditionally and the boundaries of these musical styles are very blurred.

Blues (Blue Blue Devils) - a genre of music that has received widespread in the 20s of the 20th century. It is one of the achievements of African American culture. Forest from such ethnic musical directions of African American society as a "working song" (English Work Song), SpiriChuels (English. Spirituals) and Choler (English Holler). In many respects, influenced modern popular music, especially such genres as "pop" (English Pop Music), "Jazz" (English. Jazz), "Rock and Roll" (English Rock "N" Roll). The prevailing form of Blues 4/4, where the first 4 clutches are often played on tonic harmony, 2 - on subdominant and tonic and 2 - on the dominant and tonic. This alternation is also known as blues progression. It is often used by the rhythm of eighth triols with a pause - the so-called Shaffle. The characteristic feature of the blues is "Blue Nouts". Often, the music is built on the "Question - Answer" structure, expressed both in the lyrical filling of the composition, and in the musical, often built on the tool dialog. The blues is an improvisational form of a musical genre, where only the main reference "frame" is often used in compositions, which begins the soling tools. The original blues themes are built on the sensual social component of the life of the African American population, its difficulties and obstacles arising in the path of each black person.

Jazz (Eng. Jazz) - a form of musical art that arose at the end of the XIX - early XX century in the United States as a result of the synthesis of African and European cultures and later widespread distribution. The characteristic features of the jazz musical language initially became improvisation, polyrhythmia based on syncous rhythms, and a unique complex of receptions of the rhythmic texture - swing. The further development of jazz occurred at the expense of the jazz musicians and composers of new rhythmic and harmonic models.

Country combines two types of American folklore - this is the music of white settlers who settled in the new world in the XVII - XVIII and Cowboy Blades of the Wild West. In this music, the legacy of Elizabethan Madrigalls, Irish and Scottish folk music. The main musical instruments of this style - guitar, banjo and violin.

"The Little Old Log Cabin in The Lane" is the first "documented" song in the style of Country, written in 1871 Will Heisse from Kentucky. After 53, Fiddin John Carson records this composition on the record. From October 1925, the Radio program "Grand Ole Opry" began working, which to this day broadcasts Country Star Concerts live.

Country, as the music industry, began to gain momentum in the late 1940s. Thanks to the success of Hank Williams (1923--53), who not only asked the Country Artist's image for several generations ahead, but also identified typical themes of the genre - tragic love, loneliness and labor life. Already by that time, there were different styles in Country: Western Swing, which took the principles of arrangements from Dixieland - here the king of the genre was Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys; Blossom, in which the dominant position played its founder Bill Monroe; The style of such musicians as Hank Williams was then called Hillbilli. In the mid-1950s. Country, along with elements from other genres (gospel, rhythm-n-blues) gave the birth of rock and roll. Immediately marked the border genre - Rocabilly - it was from him that such singers began to be the creative way as Elvis Presley, Karl Perkins and Johnny Cash - it is no coincidence that they were all recorded in the same Memphis Studio Sun Records. Thanks to the success of the album "GUNFIGHTER BALLADS AND TRAIL SONGS" (1959), Marty Robbins altered the genre of Country-H-Western, in which the plots of the Wild West were dominated.

Chanson (FR. Chanson - "Song") - Genre of Vocal Music; The word is used in two values:

2) French pop song in Cabaret Stylistics (inclined in Russian).

Blooming song (Bloom Folklore, Blatnyak) is a song genre that commemorates life and arms of the criminal environment, originally designed for the medium of prisoners and faces close to the criminal world. Originated in the Russian Empire and received distribution in the Soviet Union and subsequently in the CIS countries. Over time, the songs that go beyond the scope of criminal themes began to be written in the magnitude of the cloud music, but preserve its characteristic features (melody, jargon, narration, worldview). Since the 1990s, a coolest song in the Russian music industry is marketing under the name "Russian chanson" (Wed. The same radio station and award).

Romance in music is a vocal essay, written on a small poem of lyrical content, predominantly love.

The author's song, or Bardov music - a song genre, arising in the middle of the XX century in the USSR. The genre has grown in 1950-1960s. Of the artistic amateur, regardless of the cultural policy of the Soviet authorities, and quickly achieved wide popularity. The main emphasis is on the poetry of the text.

6. Electronic music

Electronic music (from the English. Electronic Music, in the spaciousness also "electronics") - a wide musical genre, denoting music created using electronic musical instruments. Although the first electronic tools appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, electronic music as a genre developed in the second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the XXI century includes dozens of varieties.

7. Rock music

Rock Music (English Rock Music) - generalizing the name of a number of directions of popular music. The word "Rock" - to download - in this case, indicates the rhythmic sensations characteristic of these areas associated with a certain form of movement, by analogy with "Roll", "twist", "swing", "shake", etc. Such signs of rock music, as the use of electrical tools, creative self-sufficiency (for rock musicians, the performance of the compositions of their own essay is characterized by secondary and often misleading. For this reason, the belonging of some music styles to rock is disputed. Also rock is a special subcultural phenomenon; Such subcultures like fashion, hippie, punks, metallers, goths, emo are inextricably linked with certain genres of rock music.

Rock music has a large number of directions: from light genres, such as dance rock and roll, pop rock, britfop to brutal and aggressive genres - Dat-Metal and Hardkore. The content of songs varies from light and relaxed to gloomy, deep and philosophical. Often rock music is opposed to pop music, etc. "Popce", although the clear boundary between the concepts of "rock" and "pop" does not exist, and many musical phenomena balances on the verge between them.

The origins of rock music lie in blues, from which the first rock genres came out - rock and roll and rocabilly. The first pockets of rock music arose in close connection with the folk and pop music of that time - first of all it is Folk, Country, Squiff, Music Hall. During its existence there were attempts to combine rock music practically with all possible types of music - with academic music (art rock, appears in the late 60s), jazz (jazz rock, appears in the late 60s - early 70 "Latin music (Latin-rock, appears in the late 60s), Indian music (Raga-Rock, appears in the mid-60s). In the 60-70s, almost all the largest pockets of rock music appeared, the most important of which, in addition to those listed, are Hard Rock, Punk Rock, Rock Avangard. In the late 70s of the 1980s, such rock music genres appeared as post-punk, a new wave, an alternative rock (although early representatives of this direction appear in the late 60s), hardcore (large punk rock ), as well as brutal podges of metal - Dat metal, black metal. In the 90s, the genres of grunge was widely developed (appeared in the mid-80s), the BRIT-POP (appears in the mid-60s), alternative metal (appears in the late 80s).

The main centers of the emergence and development of rock music - USA and Western Europe (especially United Kingdom). Most of the lyrics are in English. However, although, as a rule, with some intake, the national rock music appeared in almost all countries. Russian-language rock music (t. N. Russian Rock) appeared in the USSR in the 1960s and 1970s. And reached the peak of development in the 1980s, continuing to develop in the 1990s.

8. SKA, Roksti, Regiga

SKA (eng. SKA) - a music style that appeared on Jamaica in the late 1950s. The occurrence of the style is connected [the source is not specified 99 days] with the appearance of sound installations (eng. "Sound Systems"), which allowed to dance straight on the street.

Sound settings are not just stereo-rolls, but a kind of outdoor disco, with DJs and their mobile stereo systems, with the revolving competition between these DJs for the best sound, the best repertoire and so on.

For style, the rhythm 2/4 is characterized when the guitar plays on the even blows of the drums, and the double bass or bass guitar emphasizes odd. The melody is performed by brass instruments, such as pipe, trombone and saxophone. Among the tunes ska can be found jazz melodies.

Rocksteady ("Rock Steady", "Rocksteady") - a musical style that existed on Jamaica and in England in the 1960s. Style base - Caribbean rhythms on 4/4, with high attention to keyboards and guitars.

Reggae (English Reggae, Other Writing Options - Reggie and Raggi), Yamaica Popular Music, first mentioned since the late 1960s. Sometimes used as a general name for all Jamaica music. Closely related to other Jamaai genres - Rocksti, SKA and others.

Dub (English Dub) is a musical genre that emerged in early 1970s on Jamaica. Originally records in this genre were the lyrics with remote (sometimes partially) vocals. Since the mid-1970s, the Dub has become an independent phenomenon, which is considered an experimental and psychedelic type of reggae. The musical and ideological developments of Dab gave the birth of technology and the culture of remixes, as well as directly or indirectly influenced the development of a new wave and such genres, like hip-hop, house, dram end-bay, trip-hop, Dub Techno, Dubstep and others .

Pop music (eng. Pop-Music from Popular Music) - direction of modern music, type of modern mass culture.

The term "pop music" has a dual value. In a broad value, this is any mass music (including rock, electronics, jazz, blues). In a narrow meaning - a separate genre of popular music, directly pop music with certain characteristics.

The main features of pop music as a genre - simplicity, melodiousness, support for vocals and rhythm with less attention to the instrumental part. The main and virtually the only form of composition in pop music is a song. Texts of pop music are usually devoted to personal feelings.

Pop music includes such subsoons such as Europroprop, latina, disco, electric staff, dance music and others.

10. Rap \u200b\u200b(hip-hop)

Hip Hop (English Hip Hop) - Cultural Direction, originated in the New York Work Class on November 12, 1974. DJ AFRIKA BAMBAAAA first defined five pillars hip-hop culture: Emsing (Eng. Mcing), DJing (English Djing ), breaking (eng. Breaking), graffiti (eng. GRAFFITI WRITING), AND KNOWLEDGE. Other elements include bitboxing, hip-hop fashion and slang.

Arriving in the South Bronx, in the 1980s, hip-hop became part of the youth culture in many countries of the world. Since the end of the 1990s, from the street underground, hip-hop gradually turned into a part of the music industry, and by the middle of the first decade of this century, the subculture was "fashionable", "mainstream". However, despite this, inside Hip-Hop, there are still a lot of figures in Hip-hop - protest against inequality and injustice, the opposition to the authorities by the precondition.

It is known that the stage director is divided into director of the pop presentation and the director of the pop room.

Methodology of work on a pop representation (concert, review, show), as a rule, does not include the tasks of creating numbers from which it consists. The director joins the ready-made numbers of the plot line, a single topic, builds the end-to-end action of the presentation, organizes its tempo-rhythmic structure, solves the tasks of musical, scenographic, light design. That is, it costs a number of artistic and organizational problems that require permission in the program as a whole and have no direct attitude towards the actual pop number. This position confirms the thesis of the famous director-director of pop views I. Sharoeva, who wrote that "most often the director of the stage takes the numbers from specialists from various genres, and then of them creates a pop program. The room has greater independence."

Work on the pop number requires the director to solve a number of specific tasks with which it does not face in the formulation of a large program. This is, first of all, the ability to reveal the individuality of the artist, build the diversia of the rooms, work with a reprise, trick, goe, to know and take into account the nature of specific expressive equipment and much more.

Many methodological postulates of creating the issue are based on common fundamental principles that exist in dramatic, and in the music theater, and in the circus. But on the foundation are built completely different designs. A substantial specificity is noticeable in the variety of varieties, which, in the first place, is determined by genre typology of the pop room.

On the stage, the director as a creator seeks the ultimate goal of any art in the room - creating an artistic image, which is the creative side of the profession. But in the process of performing the number there is a specialist on the technology of expressive means. This is due to the very nature of some genres: let's say, most of the subgenital species of sports and circus require rehearsal work with a coach over sports elements, special tricks; Work on the vocal number is impossible without the lessons of the vocal teacher; In the choreographic genre, the role of a tutor balletmaster is essential.

Sometimes these technical experts are loudly called themselves directors of numbers, although their activities are essentially limited to the lifting of a special trick or technical component of the room, it does not matter acrobatics, dance or singing. Here we can talk about creating an artistic image with a large stretch. When the leading cast masters (especially in the original genres) are divided into printed works by the secrets of their skill, they mainly describe the technique of focus, acrobatics, juggling, etc.

I would like to emphasize once again that the art structure of the pop number is complex, diverse, often conglomerative. Therefore, the setting of the pop number is one of the most difficult types of activity of the director. "Make a good room, even if it goes just a few minutes, it is very difficult. And it seems to me that these difficulties are underestimated. Maybe so I respect and appreciate the art of those whom sometimes somewhat dismissively cliches by estranges, we are not very honorable place. In an unwritten scale of professions. " These words of S. Uutkevich again confirm the importance of analyzing the structure of the pop-up number with the final yield to the study of the basics of the methodology of its creation, especially in the part of the directorial work.

Conclusion

Pop art (from fr. Estrade - Poros, elevation) - synthetic type of stage art, uniting small forms of drama, comedy, music, as well as singing, art. Reading, choreography, eccentric, pantomime, acrobatics, juggling, illusionism, etc. Despite its international nature, retains folk roots that give it a special national color. When the Renaissance of the Renaissance on Street Snapsunches and starting with clowns, primitive farms, sorrowfully evolved in different countries, which preemptive preference is one, then, then, and other ways to mask.

In the pop-up programs that have arisen later salons, circles and clubs, in the plagans, musical halls, cafehens, cabaret, theaters of miniatures and in the preserved pop gardening areas are dominated by cheerful humor, witty parodies and carturgies, caustic hostel satire, pointed hyperbole, buffonade, Grotesque, playful irony, sincere lyrics, fashionable dance and musical rhythms. Separate rooms of polyphonic divertiment are often fastened on the stage by configuration or an uncomplicated plot, and the theaters of one or two actors, ensembles (ballet, musical, etc.) - the original repertoire, its own dramatic. Pop art is focused on the widest audience and relies, first of all, on the skill of the performers, on their technique of reincarnation, the ability to create with concise means of spectacular entertainment, a bright character - more often comedy-negative than positive. Obdring its antiheroev, addresses the metaphorical features and details, to the bizarre weave of believing and caricatures, real and fantastic, thereby contributing to the creation of the atmosphere of the rejection of their life prototypes, confrontation of their prosperity in reality. For pop art typical with topical, combination in the best examples of entertainment with a serious content, educational functions, when fun is complemented by a variety of emotional palette, and sometimes socio-political, civilian pathetic. The last quality is devoid generated by the bourgeois mass culture of show business. Almost all operational "small", "light" species, including common "cabbagers", are peculiar to a relatively short period of existence, fast depreciation of masks, which depends on the exhaustion of the topical topic, the implementation of the social order, the change of interest and the needs of the audience. Being one of the most moving arts, at the same time more ancient arts, pop art is subject to sickness of stamping, reducing the artistic and aesthetic value of talented finds, up to the transformation of them in Kich. Such "technical" arts like cinema and especially television, which often includes pop views, concerts in their programs, have a strong impact on development. Due to this, traditional pop forms and techniques take place not only greater scale and prevalence, but also a psychological depth (the use of a close-up, other artistic artificial arts), bright entertainment.

In the system of spectacular arts, the stage today firmly occupies a separate place, representing an independent phenomenon of artistic culture. The popularity of pop in the widest and most diverse spectator layers makes it respond to the controversial aesthetic needs of various population groups on social, age, educational and even national composition. This feature of pop art largely explains the presence of negative aspects in the professional, aesthetic and taste of pop products. The mass of the pop audience in the past and present, its heterogeneity, the need for a combination of pops of entertainment and educational functions, shows specific requirements for the creators of the works of pop art, imposes on them special responsibility.

...

Estrada: What is this in general understanding?

In general, if you follow some sources, the define concept is very simple. For example, the same "Wikipedia" claims that the stage is a kind of scenic art, mostly entertainment genre, although in fact this concept is much wider. And that's why.

A more advanced interpretation explains that the stage is a kind of exaltation of the artist when entering the scene and the execution of a short number, which includes completely different directions and accompanied by the configuration (representation of the artist on stage). To date, the stage includes several basic genres:

song;
dance (choreography);
circus art;
illusion;
clownery;
conversational genre;
parody;
pantomime, etc.

As you can see, the defragment concept is quite wide. However, in our understanding of the stage for some reason, it is associated with music. So should not.

Of course, the song at all times occupied one of the most important places in the life of a person. At that very Soviet times, when the concept of pop, the pioneers were also very much. This is Muslim Magomayev, Eduard Hil, Edita Pieha, Lev Leshchenko, Joseph Kobzon, Alla Pugacheva finally. All of them - pop stars of their time.

Of course, it is impossible to bypass the parties and the circus. What a noticeable trace in the history of pop-circus arts left such stars like Oleg Popov and Yuri Nikulin, who laughed in the arena not one generation!

At that time, in the conversational genre, not to mention such Matre as Arkady Raykin was dominated. It is only then Petrosyan, Zadornov, Zhvanetsky and many others appeared. And what to talk about the theater of exemplary?

Special place was occupied by the then worth the only "Pesnira", "Syabra", "Veras", "Flame", etc. The same "earthlings" - estrada, although for some reason they are counted for rock bands.

Foreign pop

Abroad, pop art is also not out of attention, but it was subordinate to making money (show business).

For our listener at the time of the stage - these are two worldwide popular groups - Boney M and ABBA. Sometimes this couple also includes Erption, but this is a purely brainchild Frank Farian (the founder of Boney M), who wrote the most famous hits for the group.

By the way, to say such a popular program as "Benny Hill Show" is also equally attributed to the standard pop genre, despite the fact that this program is television. And if we remember the festivals in San Remo, once formerly very popular around the world, it will immediately become clear that the stage is not only music or any other type of scenic art, and the most present show.

Interestingly, the safety of pop art could be found in Russia with its boggles, and in the West - with court jesters.

By the way, you can add that today there are a lot of parodium gear on Western television. In Germany, for example, in this regard leads the RTL2 TV channel. Circus art Here, the unconditional championship belongs to Du Sali troupe, in which there are quite a few of our compatriots and artists from other countries that perform completely unthinkable rooms and tricks, which are simply capturing the spirit.

Instead of the result

Of course, not all aspects relating to the concept of pop, however, should be clear here, however, it should be clear that this concept includes a lot of genres and talking exclusively about it from the point of view of music. Here there are so many directions here that it simply does not fit in the head. And no vain most educational institutions were called precisely pop-circus schools. Apparently, there is a certain reason.

It goes without saying that it will not work in detail all the genres (it will take too much time for this). But it is also clear that the stage is something more than just pop culture. And the genre available in this understanding can be very long and very long. On the other hand, even such a brief excursion will help to understand what is actually a pop genre.

What is pop music. Pop music

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