Chichikov's social status. Characteristics of the main characters of the work "Dead Souls

In 1846, Belinsky, known for his critical insight, remarked that Chichikov "as an acquirer, no less, if not more than Pechorin, is a hero of our time." Chichikov can buy "dead souls", railroad shares, he can collect donations for charitable institutions. It does not matter what kind of activity he is engaged in.

One thing is indisputable: Chichikov is an immortal type. You can meet him everywhere, he belongs to all countries and all times: he only takes different forms, according to the conditions of place and time. Action in the poem " Dead Souls"Begins with the reader's acquaintance with the main character. Who is he? Neither this nor that, golden mean: “Not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat nor too thin; one cannot say that he is old, but not so that he is too young either. " How does the venerable collegiate adviser Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov begin his stay in the new city? From visits: to the governor, vice-governor, prosecutor, police chief, tax farmer, head of state factories, etc. Behaving like a completely well-meaning person, Chichikov "in conversations with these rulers ... very skillfully knew how to flatter everyone": the governor praised for the "velvet roads" of his province, the police chief "said something very flattering about the city workers", twice mistakenly called the vice-governor and the chairman of the chamber "your excellency."

He made a compliment to the governor, "quite decent for a middle-aged man with a rank not too high and not too small", and called himself "an insignificant worm of this world", complaining that he had experienced a lot in his lifetime, "suffered in the service for the truth, he had many enemies who even attempted on his life. "

A characteristic feature of Chichikov is the ability to maintain a conversation: “Whether it was about a horse factory, he also talked about a horse factory; did they talk about good dogs, and here he communicated very sensible remarks ... But it is remarkable that he knew how to clothe all this with some kind of degree, knew how to behave well. He spoke neither loudly nor softly, but absolutely as he should. " As you can see, Chichikov learned to wear the mask of vulgarity and imaginary decency masterfully, while the true content of his thoughts and actions is hidden under this mask-mask of a completely decent, decent gentleman. In the first chapter, the author only indirectly, allegorically expresses his attitude to the hero and his actions. Yes, and the hero himself, in discussions about the world of the fat and thin, gives some hint at his true vision of the world around him: “The fat ones are better able to handle their affairs in this world than thin ones. The thin ones serve more on special assignments, or they are just listed and waggle here and there. "

Chichikov is referred by the author to the world of fat people who sit securely and firmly in their places. Thus, confirming the appearance of Chichikov, who he seems to be, the author begins preparations to expose him, to "reveal" the truth about him. The first success (the deal with Manilov) strengthens Chichikov's confidence in the ease and safety of the fraud he is carrying out. Inspired by this success, the hero is in a hurry to conclude new deals. On the way to Sobakevich, Chichikov meets with Korobochka, who showed Chichikov that his enterprise requires not only perseverance, but also subtlety, and most importantly, caution. The lesson, however, did not go to him for the future. Chichikov hurries to Sobakevich, but meets Nozdryov and goes to him. Among the properties of Nozdryov, perhaps the most important is "a passionate shit on his neighbor, sometimes for no reason at all." And Chichikov involuntarily falls for this bait: in the end, he reveals the true purpose of acquiring "dead souls". This reveals the hero's weakness and frivolity. Of course, later Chichikov scolded himself for having acted carelessly by talking to Nozdrev about such a delicate matter. As you can see, persistence and determination in those cases when they go too far turn into a disadvantage. Finally, Chichikov comes to Sobakevich, who, being resourceful and persistent in pursuing his own profit, most likely guesses what Chichikov needs "dead souls" for. He bargains shamelessly, and even snatches dead peasants: “And Eremey Sorokoplekhin and this peasant will be one for everyone, he traded in Moscow, brought one quitrent for five hundred rubles. After all, that's what kind of people! This is not something that some Plyushkin will sell you. " Chichikov's enterprise ends with a deal with Plyushkin, whose money even comes out of live circulation, which he put in "one of the boxes, where, it is true, they are destined to be buried until ... they bury him himself." Chichikov is on top: the papers are all signed and in the eyes of the townsfolk he turns into a “millionaire”. As you know, the "millionaire" is Magic word, which opens all the roads and "acts both on scoundrels, and neither on people, nor on good people - in a word, it acts on everyone."

However, soon the triumph of Chichikov, the "millionaire", ends with Nozdrev's revelation: “Ah! Kherson landowner, Kherson landowner! .. What? sold a lot of the dead? You don't know, your excellency ... he sells dead souls! " A commotion and confusion begins in the city, as well as in the mind of the reader. After all, the author reserved the true biography of the hero for the ending of the poem. Chichikov seemed decent and virtuous, but under this guise lay a different essence. The son of a half-impoverished nobleman, his face did not even resemble his father or mother. “Life at the beginning,” Gogol writes, “looked at him somehow sourly uncomfortably, through some dim window covered with snow: neither a friend nor a comrade in childhood!” Suddenly, one fine day, the father decided to send the boy to the city school. There were no tears at parting, but an important and clever fatherly instruction was given: “Look, Pavlusha, study, don’t be silly and don’t hang around ... please teachers and bosses ... And most of all, take care and save a penny: this thing is the safest in the world.”

The lonely and unsociable Pavlusha accepted this instruction with all his heart and was guided only by it all his life. In the classes of the school, he quickly grasped the spirit of the authorities and realized what his behavior should consist of. In the classroom, Chichikov sat quieter than water, below the grass, and as a result, without special abilities and talents, upon graduation he received "a certificate and a book with golden letters for exemplary diligence and reliable behavior." After graduating from college, Pavlusha plunged into the reality of life: his father died, leaving him only "four irretrievably worn sweatshirts, two old sertuks" and an insignificant amount of money. It is noteworthy that at the same time another event takes place, revealing the true qualities of the future swindler. The teacher, who loved the meek student Chichikov so much, was dismissed from the school and disappeared without a piece of bread in a forgotten kennel. Former rebellious and arrogant students collected money for him, and only Pavlusha limited himself to a nickel, referring to his extreme poverty.

No, Chichikov was not stingy, but "he dreamed of life ahead of him in all the comforts, with all kinds of wealth: carriages, a house, well-arranged, delicious meals." For this Chichikov was ready to starve and "hot" to do the service. He soon realized that honest work would not get him what he wanted. In search of new opportunities to improve his position, he begins to look after the daughter of his boss, but after receiving a long-awaited promotion, he completely forgets about his virtue. Bribes, swindles - this is the path that Pavlusha took. Gradually, he achieved a certain visible well-being, however, a strict military man was appointed to the place of the former chief, into whom Chichikov could not get himself into trust.

He moves to another city, where, by a happy coincidence, he becomes a customs official and enters into a "commercial" relationship with smugglers. After a while, this criminal conspiracy was uncovered, and the perpetrators, including Chichikov, were brought to justice - this is how the hero "suffered in the service." Taking care of his descendants ("Such a sensitive subject!"), Chichikov decides on a new scam, which we witness in " Dead souls Oh".

The image, character, characteristics of the official Chichikov in the poem Dead Souls

If, painting images of landowners. ( This material will help to write competently and on the topic The image, character, characteristics of the official Chichikov in the poem Dead Souls. Summary does not make it possible to understand the whole meaning of the work, therefore this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, stories, stories, plays, poems.) Gogol gave a picture of the economic disintegration of the natural serf economy and the moral degeneration of the ruling class, then in the image of Chichikov he showed typical features predator, "scoundrel", "acquirer" of the bourgeois fold, generated by the initial stage, capitalist accumulation.

In the eleventh chapter of the first volume, Gogol talks in detail about life path Chichikov from birth until the moment this "hero" started buying up dead souls; how the character of Chichikov developed, what are the vital interests that were formed in him under the influence environment, directed his behavior.

Even as a child, he received instructions from his father how to break out into people: “most of all please teachers and bosses ... the most reliable thing in the world ... You can do everything and break everything in the world with a penny. " This behest of his father and laid the foundation of his relationships with people, even from school. To save a penny, but not for its own sake, but as a means to achieve material well-being and a prominent position in society, became the main goal of his entire life.

Already at school, he quickly won the favor of the teacher and, possessing a "great mind on the part of the practical", successfully accumulated money.

Service in various institutions developed and refined his natural data in Chichikov - practical intelligence, dexterous ingenuity, hypocrisy, patience, the ability to "comprehend the spirit of the boss", to find a weak line in the human soul and skillfully influence it for personal purposes, energy and persistence in achieving conceived, complete promiscuity in the means and heartlessness.

Having received the position of a warrant officer, Chichikov “became a noticeable person. Everything turned out to be in him that is needed for this world: both pleasantness in turns and actions, and agility in business affairs. " All this distinguished Chichikov in his further service; this is how he appears before us during the purchase of dead souls.

"Irresistible strength of character", "quickness, insight and foresight", all his ability to charm a person is used by Chichikov in order to achieve the desired enrichment.

Widely applying all his practical boldness, courtesy and resourcefulness, Chichikov managed to charm both the provincial town and estates. Having quickly figured out a person, he knows how to approach everyone in a special way, subtly calculating his moves and adapting the manner of address and the very tone of speech to the character of the landowner. One has only to follow how Chichikov behaves and talks to Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdrev, Sobakevich and Plyushkin to be convinced of this and marvel at the inexhaustible variety of "all shades and subtleties of his treatment."

This inner "many-sidedness" of Chichikov, elusiveness is emphasized by his appearance, given by Gogol in indefinite tones. "The gentleman was sitting in the chaise, not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too fat, nor too thin one cannot say that he is old, but not so that he is too young."

The expression on Chichikov's face constantly changes, depending on who and what he is talking to. Going to the governor's ball, he spends an hour in front of the mirror, studying various facial expressions and manners in order to apply them at the ball. “I tried to convey to him (the face) many different expressions: now important and sedate, now respectful, but with a certain smile, now simply respectful without a smile; several bows were made in the mirror, accompanied by vague sounds, partly similar to French, although Chichikov did not know French at all.

Gogol constantly emphasizes the outward neatness of his hero, his love for cleanliness, good, fashionable suit... Chichikov is always carefully shaved, perfumed; always on clean linen and fashion dress"Brown and reddish colors with a spark" or "the color of Navarin smoke with a flame."

And this external neatness, Chichikov's purity, strikingly contrasted with the internal filth and untidiness of this hero, fully completes the image of a "scoundrel", a "acquirer" -predator, who uses everything to achieve his main goal - profit, acquisitions.

Gogol satirically castigates his hero - a "scoundrel", a representative of those predators, of whom many appeared in the 30s, when the bourgeois-capitalist forces had already begun to develop within the framework of the feudal-serf system. This was noted by Belinsky, who said that "Chichikov, as an acquirer, is no less, if not more than Pechorin, a hero of our time."

Belinsky and Chernyshevsky noted the typicality of Chichikov for the bourgeois world.

Belinsky wrote that “the same Chichikovs meet abroad, only in a different dress: in France and England they do not buy up dead souls, but bribe living souls in free parliamentary elections! The whole difference is in civilization, not in essence. " Chernyshevsky wrote that in England "Chichikovs ... are busy with stock exchange and factory tricks."

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Poem "Dead Souls" occupies a special place in the work of Gogol. The writer considered this work to be the main work of his life, the spiritual testament of Pushkin, who suggested to him the basis of the plot. In the poem, the author reflected the way of life and customs of different strata of society - peasants, landowners, officials. The images in the poem, according to the author, "are not at all portraits of insignificant people, on the contrary, they contain the features of those who consider themselves better than others." Close-up shown in the poem landowners, owners of serf souls, "masters" of life. Gogol consistently, from hero to hero, reveals their characters and shows the insignificance of their existence. Starting with Manilov and ending with Plyushkin, the author intensifies his satire and exposes the underworld of landlord-bureaucratic Russia.

The main character of the work is Chichikov- until the last chapter of the first volume remains a mystery to everyone: both for the officials of the city N and for the readers. Inner world The author reveals Pavel Ivanovich in scenes of his meetings with landowners. Gogol draws attention to the fact that Chichikov is constantly changing and almost copies the demeanor of his interlocutors. Talking about the meeting between Chichikov and Korobochka, Gogol says that in Russia a person speaks differently with the owners of two hundred, three hundred, five hundred souls: "... even if you go up to a million, there will be all shades."

Chichikov perfectly studied people, in any situation he knows how to find benefits, he always says what they would like to hear from him. So, with Manilov, Chichikov is pompous, amiable and flattering. With Korobochka, he speaks without much ceremony, and his vocabulary is consonant with the style of the hostess. Communication with the arrogant liar Nozdrev is not easy, since Pavel Ivanovich does not tolerate familiar treatment, "... unless only if a person of too high a rank." However, hoping for a lucrative deal, he does not leave the estate of Nozdryov until the very end and tries to become like him: he turns to "you", adopts a boorish tone, behaves familiarly. The image of Sobakevich, personifying the solidity of landlord life, immediately prompts Pavel Ivanovich to lead the most thorough conversation about dead souls. Chichikov manages to win over human body"- Plyushkin, who has long lost contact with the outside world and has forgotten the norms of politeness. To do this, it was enough for him to play the role of a "moot", ready to save a casual acquaintance at a loss for himself from having to pay taxes for dead peasants.

It is not difficult for Chichikov to change his appearance, because it has all the qualities that form the basis of the characters of the depicted landowners. This is confirmed by episodes in the poem where Chichikov is left alone with himself and does not need to adapt to those around him. Examining the city N, Pavel Ivanovich “tore off the poster nailed to the post so that when he came home he could read it thoroughly,” and after reading it, “rolled it up neatly and put it in his little chest, where he used to put everything that came across.” This is reminiscent of the habits of Plyushkin, who collected and stored all sorts of rags and toothpicks. Colorlessness and uncertainty accompanying Chichikov before last pages the first volume of the poem, they make him related to Manilov. That is why officials provincial town make ridiculous guesses, trying to establish the true identity of the hero. Lyubov Chichikova carefully and meticulously arranges everything in her little chest brings him closer to Korobochka. Nozdryov notes that Chichikov looks like Sobakevich. All this suggests that the character of the protagonist, as in a mirror, reflected the features of all landowners: Manilov's love for meaningless conversations and "noble" gestures, and Korobochka's pettiness, and Nozdryov's narcissism, and Sobakevich's rudeness, and Plyushkin's hoarding.

And at the same time, Chichikov sharply differs from the landowners shown in the first chapters of the poem. He has a different psychology than Manilov, Sobakevich, Nozdrev and other landowners. He is characterized by extraordinary energy, business acumen, purposefulness, although morally he does not rise above the owners of serf souls. Many years of bureaucratic activity left a noticeable imprint on his demeanor and speech. This is evidenced by the cordial welcome shown to him in the provincial "high society". Among officials and landowners, he new person, the purchaser who will replace the manilov, nostril, dogevichs and plushkins.

Chichikov's soul, just like the souls of landowners and officials, died. The "shining joy of life" is inaccessible to him, he is almost completely devoid of human feelings... For the sake of achieving his practical goals, he pacified his blood, which "played strong."

Gogol strove to understand the psychological nature of Chichikov as a new phenomenon, and for this, in the last chapter of the poem, he talks about his life. Chichikov's biography explains the formation of the character revealed in the poem. The hero's childhood was dull and joyless, without friends and motherly affection, with constant reproaches from his sick father, and could not but affect his further destiny... His father left him a legacy of half a copper and a covenant to study diligently, to please teachers and bosses, and, most importantly, to save a penny. Pavlusha learned his father's instructions well and directed all his energy towards achieving the cherished goal - wealth. He quickly realized that all lofty concepts only hinder the achievement of his goal, and began to punch his way himself. At first, he acted in a childishly straightforward manner - in every possible way he pleased the teacher and thanks to this he became his favorite. Growing up, he realized that each person can be found a special approach, and began to achieve more significant success. Having promised to marry the daughter of his boss, he got a job as a warrant officer. While serving at customs, he managed to convince his superiors of his incorruptibility, and later to establish contact with smugglers and make a huge fortune. All of Chichikov's brilliant victories ended in failure, but no setbacks could break his thirst for profit.

However, the author notes that in Chichikovo, in contrast to Plyushkin, “there was no attachment to money for money itself, it was not possessed by avarice and stinginess. No, they didn’t move him, - he saw life ahead in all its pleasures, so that finally later, in time, he would certainly taste all this, this is what a penny was kept for. " Gogol notes that the main character poems are the only character capable of manifesting the movements of the soul. “Apparently, the Chichikovs also turn into poets for a few minutes,” says the author, when his hero stops “as if stunned by a blow” in front of the governor's young daughter. And it was precisely this "human" movement of the soul that led to the failure of his promising venture. According to the author, sincerity, sincerity and unselfishness are the most dangerous qualities in a world where cynicism, lies and profit reign. The fact that Gogol transferred his hero to the second volume of the poem suggests that he believed in his spiritual rebirth. In the second volume of the poem, the writer planned to spiritually "cleanse" Chichikov and put him on the path of spiritual resurrection. The resurrection of the "hero of the time", according to him, was to be the beginning of the resurrection of the whole society. But, unfortunately, the second volume of Dead Souls was burned, and the third was not written, so we can only guess how Chichikov's moral revival took place.

All themes of the book "Dead Souls" by N.V. Gogol. Summary. Features of the poem. Works ":

A summary of the poem "Dead Souls":

a brief description of Chichikov?

1. The characteristic of Chichikov is given by the author in the first chapter. His portrait is given very vaguely: not handsome, but not bad-looking, neither too thick nor too thin; one cannot say that he is old, but not so that he is too young. Gogol pays more attention to his manners: he made an excellent impression on all the guests at the Governor's party, showed himself to be an experienced socialite keeping up the conversation at the most different topics, skillfully flattered the governor, chief of police, officials and made the most flattering opinion of himself. Gogol himself tells us that he did not take a virtuous person into heroes; he immediately stipulates that his hero is a scoundrel.
   The origin of our hero is dark and modest. The author tells us that his parents were nobles, but pole or personal - God knows. Chichikov's face did not resemble his parents. As a child, he had neither a friend nor a comrade. His father was ill, the windows of the little gorenka did not open either in winter or summer. Gogol talks about Chichikov: Life at the beginning looked at him somehow sourly, through some kind of muddy window covered with snow
2. Chichikov was very neatly dressed, he knew how to behave well in everything. He spoke neither loudly nor softly, but exactly as he should. In short, wherever you turn, he was a very decent person. All officials were pleased with the arrival of the new person. The governor explained about him that he was a well-meaning person, the prosecutor, that he efficient person, the gendarme colonel said that he scientist, the chairman of the chamber - that he knowledgeable person, the chief of police - that he is a respectable and amiable person, the wife of the chief of police - that he is the most amiable and courteous person. Even Sobakevich, who spoke harshly about someone with a good side, called Chichikov an agreeable person.
   The officials of the city of N were bureaucrats, bribe-takers, idlers, greedy and selfish people with a bad conscience, but they had an opinion of Chichikov as a decent person. And these assessments are given by people of very different nature.

   2)
   Relationship to others ... Chichikov perfectly studied people, in any situation he knows how to find benefits, he always says what they would like to hear from him. So, with Manilov, Chichikov is pompous, amiable and flattering. With Korobochka, he speaks without much ceremony, and his vocabulary is consonant with the style of the hostess. Communication with the impudent liar Nozdrev is not easy, since Pavel Ivanovich does not tolerate familiar treatment, unless the person is of too high a rank. However, hoping for a profitable deal, he does not leave the estate of Nozdryov until the very end and tries to become like him: he addresses you, adopts a boorish tone, behaves familiarly. The image of Sobakevich, personifying the solidity of landlord life, immediately prompts Pavel Ivanovich to lead the most thorough conversation about dead souls. Chichikov manages to win over a rip in the human body of Plyushkin, who has long lost contact with the outside world and has forgotten the norms of politeness. To do this, it was enough for him to play the role of a motishka, ready, at a loss for himself, to save a random acquaintance from having to pay taxes for dead peasants.

   3) How, passing through the provincial town of Khlestakov, they allowed Gogol to bare and show the agitated anthill of the district officials. So detour noble estates Chichikov made it possible to paint a picture of the provincial-landlord life of serf Russia: the life of typical representatives of the estate of landowners, the range of their mental and moral interests.
   The box is not a wealthy tiny landowner, the owner of eighty serf souls, who lives, as if in a shell, separately from the rest of the world. She lives in contentment, but at the same time she always weeps now for crop failures, now for the death of peasants and losses. Korobochka is thrifty and knows how to collect a little bit of money in rubles, fifty rubles, quarters, and hide them in bags in the dressers (in fact, that's what Korobochka is for). Gogol emphasizes the typicality of this image, along the way giving a characterization of Nastasya Petrovna, from which we learn about her exorbitant self-interest and greed.
   This is followed by the interior of the rooms, which appear to the reader as modest and rather old, but with big amount pictures with some kind of birds. Old striped wallpaper, wheezing and hissing clocks, mirrors with dark frames, all this bears the imprint of the character of the mistress herself who cares and collects everything.
   But the landscape of the courtyard of the estate is an abundance of birds and other domestic creatures, as noted by Chichikov. The huts, which, although they were scattered and not enclosed in the correct streets, showed the visitor the satisfaction of the inhabitants and the fact that her (near Korobochka) village is not small. The hostess sells honey, hemp, flour, and bird feathers. Treating the customer to Chichikov, Korobochka treats him to such dishes of the patriarchal village cuisine that one cannot doubt his well-being.

3. The beginning is right.
4. thanks
5. thanks
6. The main character of the poem Gogol's Dead soul is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov an adventurer who carries out a genius swindle on the pages of his work. In detail, the author presents us with his hero only in the eleventh chapter of the Dead shower. Prior to this, Gogol depicts the environment in which the hero acts; reveals the essence of his business, for the sake of which Chichikov travels all over Russia; presents him as a hero of phantasmagoric rumors (as if Chichikov is Rinaldi, Napoleon, and even the Antichrist himself).
7. thank you
8. not that.

The compositional basis of Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is Chichikov's journey through the cities and provinces of Russia. As conceived by the author, the reader is invited to "travel with the hero all over Russia and bring out many of the most diverse characters." In the first volume of Dead Souls, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol introduces the reader to a number of characters that represent “ dark kingdom", Familiar from the plays of A. N. Ostrovsky. The types created by the writer are relevant to this day, and many proper names eventually became common nouns, although in recent times v colloquial speech are used less and less. Below is a description of the heroes of the poem. In Dead Souls, the main characters are landowners and the main adventurer, whose adventures are the basis of the plot.

Chichikov, the protagonist of Dead Souls, travels across Russia, buying documents for dead peasants, who are still alive according to the auditor's book. In the first chapters of the work, the author tries in every possible way to emphasize that Chichikov was a completely ordinary, unremarkable person. Knowing how to find an approach to each person, Chichikov was able to achieve location, respect and recognition without any problems in any society he had to deal with. Pavel Ivanovich is ready for anything to achieve his goal: he lies, pretends to be another person, flatter, uses other people. But at the same time, he seems to readers to be an absolutely charming person! Gogol masterfully showed a multifaceted human personality that combines depravity and the pursuit of virtue.

Another hero of the work "Dead Souls" by Gogol is Manilov... Chichikov comes to him first. Manilov gives the impression of a careless person who does not care about worldly problems. Manilov found his wife to match - the same dreamy young lady. The house was occupied by the servants, and the teachers came to their two children, Themistoclus and Alcides. It was difficult to determine Manilov's character: Gogol himself says that at the first minute one might think "what an amazing person!" There are no desires in him, there is no life itself. The landowner spends his time in abstract reflections, completely ignoring everyday problems. Manilov easily gave Chichikov the dead souls without asking about the legal details.

If we continue the list of heroes of the story, then the next will be Korobochka Nastasya Petrovna, an old lonely widow who lives in a small village. Chichikov came to her by accident: the coachman Selifan lost his way and turned on the wrong road. The hero was forced to stay for the night. External attributes were an indicator of the internal state of the landowner: everything in her house was done sensibly, firmly, but nevertheless there were many flies everywhere. Korobochka was a real entrepreneur, because in every person she was used to seeing only a potential buyer. Nastasya Petrovna was remembered by the reader for the fact that she never agreed to a deal. Chichikov persuaded the landowner, and promised to give her several blue papers for petitions, but until the next time he agreed to order flour, honey and bacon from Korobochka, Pavel Ivanovich did not receive several dozen dead souls.

The next on the list was Nozdryov- a reveler, a liar and a merry fellow, a playboy. The meaning of his life was entertainment, even two children could not keep the landowner at home for more than a few days. Nozdryov often got into various stories, but thanks to his innate talent to find a way out of any situation, he always got out of the water. Nozdryov communicated with people easily, even with those with whom he managed to quarrel, after a while he communicated as with old friends. However, many tried not to have anything in common with Nozdryov: the landowner hundreds of times invented various tales about others, telling them at balls and dinner parties. It seemed that Nozdrev was not at all worried about the fact that he often lost his property at cards - he certainly wanted to win back. The image of Nozdrev is very important for characterizing other heroes of the poem, in particular Chichikov. After all, Nozdryov was the only person, with whom Chichikov did not make a deal, and in general did not want to meet with him anymore. Pavel Ivanovich barely managed to escape from Nozdrev, but Chichikov could not even imagine under what circumstances he would see this man again.

Sobakevich was the fourth seller of dead souls. His appearance and his behavior resembled a bear, even the interior of his house and household utensils were huge, irrelevant and unwieldy. From the very beginning, the author focuses on the thrift and prudence of Sobakevich. It was he who first offered Chichikov to buy documents for the peasants. Chichikov was surprised by this course of events, but did not argue. The landowner was also remembered for the fact that he raised the price of the peasants, despite the fact that the latter were long dead. He talked about their professional skills or personal qualities, trying to sell documents at a higher price than Chichikov offered.

Surprisingly, it is this hero that has much more chances for spiritual rebirth, because Sobakevich sees how much people have been crushed, how insignificant they are in their aspirations.

This list of characteristics of the heroes of "Dead Souls" contains the most important characters for understanding the plot, but do not forget about the coachman Selifane, and about servant of Pavel Ivanovich, and about the good-natured landowner Plyushkin... Being a master of words, Gogol created very vivid portraits of heroes and their types, so all descriptions of the heroes of "Dead Souls" are so easy to remember and immediately recognizable.

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