Scenic heroes of grief from the mind. Astable Character "Woe from Wit" in Comedy A

Having written the first realistic comedy "grief from the mind", A. S. Griboedov was an innovator in this genre. Before him, writers did not put a special task to ridiculously Moscow and its inhabitants. In the play of Griboedov, Moscow, or, in a different way, the Famusov society plays a dominant role.

The author took prototypes of people whom he knew and who lived in Moscow at the time, and moved them to their comedy, giving them others, sometimes speaking surnames: Famuses, Molchanin, Toguhovsky, reheetles and others. But their types and characters remained. Heroes travel around the balls, playing cards, dancing, having fun and gossip, that is, they lead idle life. They hate enlightenment, because they are afraid of educated youth. They all serve only in order to earn more ranks and "signs of excellent". In their environment, the uniform and the title are dominated, and a person is appreciated by the wealth and the number of fortress shower. And this picture is shown so bright, clearly and vividly, that for us the House of Famousov with all its inhabitants and guests personifies Moscow of the 10-20s XIX century in miniature.

Violating the classic rule of the three unity, the author displays the play beyond the Famousov's house with the help of inshastable characters. It helps to show the "picture of the morals" of Griboedovskaya Moscow in full. They complement and expand it.

Most of the insignificant characters are represented by the "century last". Most often it is the princes and princes, which are worshiped for the sample and are highly appreciated in the Famusov Society environment. For Paul Afanasyevich, Famusov, Kuzma Petrovich ("Empty Camera, with the key and son, the key knew how to deliver the key ...") and Maxim Petrovich:

Surveneous look, appreciated by temper. When it is necessary to rely, and he bended to beggar.

These "aces" are honored and respected in Moscow for their "merit".

The ideal is silent, just a poor secretary of Famusov, is Tatyana Yurevna, which "balls can not be richer." Having learned that Chatsky was not familiar with her, he was dumbfounded, because she is "famous, - moreover, officials and officials are all her friends and all their relatives." Later Thomas Fomichwhich "at three ministers was the head of the department." Molchanin admires his syllable just because they all admire them, "because it is necessary to depend on others." And here they include these rubbish, rings, Valana, jumps that have long been aware of the madness of Chatsky. This, apparently famous surnameswho have weight in society and on which everyone is oriented. This is the "judges" of the Moscow society.

Also, the "age of the past" in the comedy represent the extraordinary landowners-serfs: "Nestor of the villains of noble", enduring their devotees to the "Borzy Three Dogs", a landowner-theater, who drove on the fortress ballet "from mothers, fathers of refrigerated children", and then Sprained them alone for non-payment of debts.

The parody of members also created in the comedy secret Union: Vorkulov Evdokim, Left and Borigna, Udushyev, Ippolit Markelich. Already in one of their surnames, you can guess what they represent. But reheetles with a huge excitement recommends their Chatkoma.

The "century century" is also presented in the comedy insignificant characters. This is a cousin of the Scalozeb, who "firmly scored some new rules. Chin followed him: he served suddenly left, in the village of books began to read ".. Famuses and rockos are criticized by him and without tired of the same thing and the same:" Learning is a plague, a scholaech is the reason. " Next - the nephew of Princess Tugukhovskaya, who "the ranks does not want to know! He is a chemist, he is nerd, Prince Fedor. " And also among the insignificant characters "Century of the present" - all the advanced youth, on behalf of which the Chatsky acts, using the pronoun "we": "Where, specify us, the Fatherland of the Fathers ..."

All these seemingly inconspicuous and unnecessary characters complement the picture of the Moscow society, they make it brighter, more colorful.

In the comedy "grief from the mind", there is all Moscow, with all its advantages and disadvantages, with its magnificence and pomp balls, dinners, dinners and dances, but at the same time with its unexpectedness, worship before all foreign, fear of all new. The introduction of such a number of insignificant characters emphasizes the typical of the stage and helps to make the image of the "paintings of the morals" of Moscow 10-20s of the XIX century more complete.

Topic 10. The role of nonsense characters in Comedy A.S. Griboedov "Woe from Wit"

Repeating this topic, it is necessary to say to graduates that there are topics in which terms are used, therefore, first of all, it is quite possible to give them the necessary interpretation. So, inshapical characters are characters who do not participate in action, their images are created in monologues and dialogues of acting persons. At the same time, a separate little "plot" can be devoted to one character (Maxim Petrovich), it will be said particularly significant about the other (Tatyana Yurievna, Princess Marya Alekskna), the third simply mentioned (Petrusha's burst). It is important to emphasize that "interpretation" of the term is best to spend on a specific literary materialThereby, the urgent "enter the topic". Next, the essay can be built according to the following plan:

1. In the play a lot of insignificant characters, they are introduced in order to "push the" Comedy Frames, create "and the picture of the morals, and the gallery of the living types" (I.Gongcharov).

2. Incoming characters are divided into groups:

• incoming characters, clearly drawing moral ideals and the principles of "Famovsky society" (Maxim Petrovich, Thomas Fomich, nameless characters from the monologues of Chatsky);
• available characters, expanding the idea of \u200b\u200bthe life and nrules of the Noble Moscow (here we mention Tatyana Yurievna, Princess Marya Alekskna, analyzing the Montologists of Famousov "Parsley, forever you are with a new job", Dialogue Chatsky with a silent, the monologue of Chatsky "In that room there is a slight meeting");
• available characters close to Chatskomu and "showing" minority, the typical of that character and behavior (brother of the Scalozub, nephew of the Toguhovskaya Prince Fedor);
• available characters, "reducing" the image of the Chatsky, allowing not to identify the author and his hero, forcing them to remember the ambiguous attitude of Griboedov to the Decembrists ("I told them that they are fools"). Here, of course, the monologue of rehetyl should be analyzed.

3. Basic functions of acceptance characters: create background, image of the era and thereby expand artistic space and the time of comedy (the house of Famusov - Moscow - Russia; "Century of the past" - "century current"); give an additional characteristic of those main characters who are told about them (we will not forget that "grief from the mind" is a comedy of characters); Conduct parallels with those heroes that act on the stage (Chatsky falls - Maxim Petrovich falls, passionately gives Chatsky - "noisy" the heroes of the monologue rehetyl). The introduction of numerous inshapt characters is the innovation of Griboedov-playwater, which, "expanding the scene, inhabiting it by the people of actors ... expanded the borders of the art itself" (P. Izzemesky). This can be finished, and you can ... and in a different way.

4. In conclusion, we give a quotation from the article of the famous criticism of Yuri Ayhenwald, who entered into a peculiar dispute with Goncharov: "... she [comedy] is not only a public satire and a picture of morals. After all, the morals are changing ... "Woe from the mind" because it turned out his artistic force far beyond the historical limits of their era, it now retained the freshness and beauty, which gives not only a domestic, temporary page, but also ... keeps a kind of reflection of eternal literature types. " The answer to the answer to the question of which of the inshapical characters can be attributed to eternal types, End work.

First of all, the heroes of the comedy "grief from the mind" can be divided into several groups: the main characters, minor heroes, heroes masks and inshapt characters. All of them, in addition to the roles assigned to them in the comedy, are important and as types reflecting certain specific traits Russian society early XIX. century.

The main heroes of the play can be attributed to Chatsky, Molchalin, Sophia and Famusov. The plot of the comedy is based on their relationships, the interaction of these characters with each other and develops the stroke of the play. Secondary heroes - Lisa, Scalozub, Hersestov and others - also participate in the development of action, but they have no direct relationship to the plot. Images of heroes and masks are maximally generalized. The author is not interesting to their psychology, they occupy it only as important "times of time" or as eternal human types. Their role is special, for they create a socio-political background for the development of the plot, emphasize and explain something in the main characters. This, for example, six Prinjeon Toguhovsky. The author is not interested in the identity of each of them, they are important in comedies only as the social type of Moscow Lamuny. Heroes masks play the role of a mirror made by opposite the highest light. And it is important to emphasize that one of the main tasks of the author was not just reflected in the comedy features modern societyBut make a society of themselves in the mirror learn. The task of this contribute to the extraceptional characters, that is, those whose names are called, but the heroes themselves do not appear on the stage and participate in action do not accept. And if the basic heroes "burning from the mind" do not have some specific prototypes (except Chatsky), then in the images of some secondary heroes And the shafts are completely recognized by the features of the real contemporaries of the author. So, reheetals describes the Chatskom one of those who "noise" in the English club:

No need to call, you know the portrait:

Night robber, Duelist,

In Kamchatka, Soslated, returned to Aleut,

And firmly in hand is unclean.

And not only Chatsky, but most readers "learned on the portrait" colorful figure of that time: Fedor Tolstoy - American. Tolstoy himself, reading in the list of "Mount Mind", he learned himself and when meeting with Griboedov, asked to change the last line as follows: "In the pictures on the hand of unclean." He his own crossed the string and attributed an explanation: "For loyalty, the portrait of this amendment is necessary, so as not to think that stealing tobacker from the table."

In the collection scientific Labors "A.S. Griboedov. Materials for biography "An article is placed N.V. Gurova "That black ..." ("Indian Prince" Visphur in the comedy "grief from the mind"). Recall, with the first meeting with Sofia, Chatsky, trying to revive the atmosphere of the former ease, goes through the long-lasting common acquaintances. In particular, he comes with some "black":

And this, like him, is he Turk or Greek?

That black masted, on the legs of the caravilines,

I do not know what his name is

Wherever you slide: here it is,

In the canteens and living rooms.

So, in the notch Gurova speaks of the prototype of this passing inshapical character. It turns out that it was possible to establish that there was a certain Alexander Ivanovich Borus-Vispursk at the time of Griboedov, which is quite suitable for the description of Chatsky. Why required to look for the prototype "black"? Is it too small figure for literary studies? It turns out - not too. For us, after a half century after the edition of "grief from the mind", it was indifferent if the "black" or Griboedov was invented him. But the modern reader (and the viewer) of the comedy immediately understood about this is speech. And then disappeared between the scene and the auditorium, fictional heroes They talked about the persons known to the public, the viewer and the character turned out to be "common acquaintances" - and quite a lot. Thus, Griboedov managed to create an amazing effect: he washed the line between real life and scenic reality. And that is especially important, comedy, at the same time, gaining intense publicistic sound, did not lose themselves in artistic attitude.

In the same conversation, Chatsky mentions many others. All of them give us a clear concept of Griboedovsky top light. These are extremely immoral people who impede the penetration of education in Russia, science: "And that consumers, relatives to you, the books of the enemy ..." These people are concerned only by their material status, seeking to be met as much as possible, will come together with rich families throughout Europe. Of course, not all people of Moscow were such a sad spectacle. Chatsky was not alone, there were other, stretching for the enlightenment, to science: "... He is a chemist, he is nerd." But they were rather an exception than the rule. Such people could not earn respect for the highest light. There were valued such as Maxim Petrovich. It was Maxim Petrovich "I used to rod on gold," he has a "one hundred people to services," he is "all in orders." And what did he achieve this situation? Mind? No, he achieved this because he forgot about his human dignity. But, according to Famusov, this is the manifestation of his intention.

And what else can you expect from society that moral values? From society where it is above all valued voice own conscience, and the opinion of Knyagini Maryia Alekskna. Griboedov masterfully presented to us elite His era. And we could never understand that it was this society, if not for acceptance characters. Yes, and readers of that time would lose much if they were some kind of omen "in the heroes of Griboedov.

The nature of the main conflict in the comedy Griboyedov "Mount from the mind"

Alexander Sergeevich Griboedov was one of small people His time. He received a brilliant education, knew several eastern languagesThere was a subtle politician and diplomat. Griboedov died at 34 years old painful death, confused by fanatics, leaving the descendants two wonderful Waltz and the comedy "grief from the mind."

"Woe from Wit" is a socio-political comedy. Griboedov gave it a true picture of Russian life after Patriotic War 1812. The comedy shows the process of waste of the advanced nobility from the oblique environment and fighting its class. The reader can trace the development of the conflict between the two socio-political camps: serfs (Famusovskoe society) and anti-racmints (Chatsky).

Famusovskoe society is traditionally. The life of him is such that "to learn should be, on the older looking", destroy free-thinking thoughts, serve with the humility to persons standing above, and most importantly - to be rich. The peculiar ideal of this society is Maxim Petrovich Maxim Petrovich Monologists and Uncle Kuzma:

Here is an example:

The dead man was a venerable chamber,

With the key and son, the key knew how to deliver;

Rich and was married to rich;

Slapped children, grandchildren;

Died, everyone regretted about him:

Kuzma Petrovich! Peace to him! -

What the aces in Moscow live and die! ..

The image of Chatsky, on the contrary, is something new, fresh, breaking into a life carrying change. This is a realistic image, expressive advanced ideas His time. Chatsky could be called the hero of his time. In the monologues of Chatsky, a whole political program can be traced. He exposes the serfdom and its breeding: inhumanity, hypocrisy, stupid military, ignorance, liarpatriotism. It gives a merciless characteristic famovsky society.

Famusov and Chatsky dialogues are a struggle. At the beginning of the comedy, it is manifested not yet in an acute form. After all, Famuses are the teacher of Chatsky. At the beginning of the comedy, Famusov is favorable to Chatkom, he is even ready to give way of Sophia, but at the same time its conditions:

I would say, first: do not

Ween, brother, do not control the laugh,

And, most importantly, drinking a service.

What Chatsky throws:

It would be glad to serve sissing.

But another struggle, an important and serious, whole battle be tieted, gradually. Both, Famuses and Chatsky, threw each other glove.

Would look like the fathers did

We would have learned on older looking! -

a military cry of Famusov was heard. And in response - a monologue of Chazki "And the judges who?". In this monologue, the Chatsky branding "past life has a good feature."

Each new person appearing in the process of developing the plot becomes opposition to Chatkom. Anonymous characters are gloomy in his address: Mr. N, Mr. D, 1st Princess, 2nd Princess, etc.

Gossip grow like a "snowball". The collision with this world shows the social intrigue of the play.

But there is another conflict in the comedy, another intrigue is love. I. A. Goncharov wrote: "Every step of Chatsky, almost every word of his word in a play is closely related to the game of feeling it to Sofa." It is the incomprehensible Chatsky's behavior of Sofia that served as a motive, a reason for annoyance, to that "Millon Torzania", under the influence of which he only could play a role-mentioned to him. Chatsky suffers, not understanding who his rival: whether the scalosub, whether Molchalin? Therefore, he becomes in relation to the guests of Famusov irritable, unbearable, stuck. Sophia, irritated by the replicas of Chatsky, insulting not only guests, but also her beloved, in a conversation with Mr. Nu mentions the crazyness of Chatsky: "He is not in his mind." And the rumor about the madness of the Chazksky rushes through the halls, it applies to guests, acquiring fantastic, grotesque forms. And he himself, still knowing anything, confirms this hearing a hot monologist "French from Bordeaux," which he says in an empty hall. In the fourth actions of the comedy, it comes the denouement of both conflicts: Chatsky finds out who chosen Sophia. This is a silell. The mystery is revealed, the heart is empty, there is no end.

Oh! How is the game of fate to comprehend?

People with soul Studelnitsa, Beach! -

Silence bliss in the world! -

says a broken Mount Chatsky. His joining pride, the escaped resentment burns. He breaks with Sofia:

Pretty! With you, I am proud of my gap.

And before leaving forever, Chazki in anger throws everything to the Famovsky society:

From the fire he will be unharmed,

Who will stay with you a day

Rise by air one,

And in it, the mind will destroy ...

Chatsky leaves. But who he is a winner or defeated? Goncharov answered most accurately in the article "Millon Torzania": "Chatsky is broken by the number of old power, applying to her a fatal blow to the quality of the strength of freshness. He is an eternal accuser lies, poured into the proverb:" One in the field is not a warrior. "No Warrior, if he is Chatsky, and moreover the winner, but the advanced warrior, a shotger and - always the victim. "

"Mount from the mind" - realistic workwhere the author gives a generalized picture of the life of the noble Moscow 20s of the XIX century.

According to I. A. Goncharov, comedy " Mount from Um"It is worth" a mansion in the literature and is distinguished by a dailyness, freshness ... ". Griboedov, continuing the tradition of Fonvizin and Krylov, at the same time made a huge step forward. His comedy he laid the beginning critical realism In Russian dramatic, raised the most acute social and moral problems His time.

The main theme of the work under consideration is the contradiction between the "century of the current" and the "century of last", that is, between the progressive elements that move the society forward, and the regressive, inhibiting its development. The second is always more, but won the first early or late.

In the comedy "grief from the mind" of Griboedov, for the first time in Russian literature, brings to the scene positive hero. The conflict between the Chatsky and the Famovsky society is the leading scene line Works.

Chatsky - a wrestler, he has his beliefs, high ideals. He is deeply confronted by the life of society, where Mizhsov, Scalozub, Molchanin, reheetles with all their cosnosis, hypocrisy, lie, lazy, stupidity. The bright, active mind of the hero requires a different environment, and Chatsky joins the fight, "begins new century" He breaks to K. free Life, to the exercise of science and art, to the service, and not to persons. But his aspirations does not understand the society in which he lives.

In its work, Griboedov gave a wide characteristic of the life and morals of the Moscow nobility, satirically portrayed the metropolitan "aces" (migrauses), high-ranking soldiers (rocks), noble liberals (repetitives). The author accurately painted the environment in which these types appear, and opposed to Chatsky.

Comedy conflicts deepen inshapt characters. There are quite a lot of them. They expand the lounge of life metropolitan Nobility. Most of They are adjacent to the Famine Society. Of course, Uncle Maxim Petrovich, who has gained the favor of the queen of the queen with low-altitude and waters. His life is an example of serving the queen. Uncle - Ideal Famusov.

He fell hurt, got up great.

But it happened to Vist who is more invited?

Who hears at the courtyard of a friendly word?

Maxim Petrovich. Who knew everyone before?

Maxim Petrovich. Joke!

In the rank brings who? and pensions gives?

Maxim Petrovich!

Humiliating human dignity, Rhonea honor, representatives of the "century past" received all the vital benefits. But their time is already going. No wonder Famusov regrets that times are no longer the time.

No less than a portrait of Kuzma Petrovich, who did not only manage his life, but also did not forget about relatives. "The dead man was a venerable chamber ... rich, and was married to rich. Catching children, grandchildren.

"What the aces in Moscow live and dying!" - Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov admired.

Not inferior to men and fair sex representatives:

"Take them to send them to the Senate! Irina Vlasievna! Lucheria Alekshna! Tatyana Yuryevna! Andrevna Pulcheria! "

Ladies are all-insoles. Bright character - Tatyana Yuryevna, who is closely familiar with the "ranks and officials". Surely it has the greatest power in society and the princess of Marya Aleksosna, the views of which is very afraid of Magazov. Griboedov makes fun of these "lungs" by the mouths of Chatsky, opening their emptiness, stupidity, peep character.

Of course, except for "aces", there are people and lambers in the noble society - typical representatives of the middle nobility. It is Zagoretsky and repetitives. And from the shaped characters you can call the "black and on the legs of the caravalny", "three of the boulevard", which mentions Chatsky. All of them, conscious of their insignificance in front of Moscow ranks, try to serve them, conquer their favor of hypocrisy and waters.

Petelov type people seek to show the surrounding that they are also worth something. Describing " secret society»English Club, Griboedov gives satirical characteristics "The best" of his members, liberal chatters. This is the prince of Grigory, Evdokim Vorkulov, Ippolit, Udushiev and "Head, which in Russia there is no". But it can only be expressed by the ideas of the public reheetles: "noise, brother, noise. In fact, the "Secretary Union" is an ordinary company Kutil, Lgunov, drunkards.

Griboedov-Patriot is fighting for the purity of Russian, art, education. Having ridiculed the existing education system, he introduces such characters in a comedy as a Frenchman from Bordeaux, Madame Réye. And many noble children with such teachers are growing "inexpensive" and incurred, as in the times of Fonvizin.

But the most disgusting inshastable characters are a serfs' landlords whose characteristic features have absorbed "Nestor of National Nationality", which is denied in his passionate monologue the main character. The disgusting gentlemen, exchanging their servants on greyhound dogs, selling children taken from mothers. the main problem Comedy - relations between landowners and fortress peasants.

Members of the Famovskogo society are many, they are strong. Did the Chatsky alone in the fight against them? No, Griboedov is responsible, introducing the story of the Scalozeb about the narration cousinwhich "tightly scored some new rules. Chin followed him: he suddenly left. In the village of book began to read. " Prince Fedor "Chins does not want to know! He is a chemist, he is nerd. " So, the progressive forces are already in the depths of society. And Chatsky is not alone in their struggle.

So, the extratent characters can be divided into two groups and attributed one to the Famovsky society, the other - to the Chazza.

The first deepen a comprehensive characteristic noble society, Show the times of Elizabeth.

The second is spiritually connected with the main character, close to him on thoughts, goals, spiritual quest, aspirations.

Especially I would like to note the language of the play. The comedy is written by a multiple yamba, which brings the poetic speech to the conversational. And stories about the inshapt persons are organically woven in the story.

In the work of "Mount from the mind" of Griboedov displaced ideological content The public struggle of the beginning of the XIX century, showed the life of the nobility of Moscow and by introducing insignificant characters in the narration, deepened the conflict of the work, expanded the picture of the morals of the Moscow nobility.

The writing on a similar topic.

Lecture, abstract. Available characters in Comedy A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" is a concept and species. Classification, essence and features.