The ideal is moral.

23.09.2019

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"The concept of moral ideal"

Introduction

In each global period, stages arise that turns it into a global modified inversion cycle. At each stage, its specific version of the dominant moral ideal is dominated, homogeneous moral ideals correspond to the same stages of another global period. Each version of the dominant moral ideal is characterized by a new consensus and can be considered as a step of ripple. The emergence of each new dominant moral ideal is usually marked by a certain growth of social energy, the strengthening of discipline, some improvement in the economy indicators, a decrease in direct grinding and other. This wave of approval of the moral ideal comes to its apogee, but it is gradually revealed by its utopian program as a program of the Company's device, it turns out that his arrival was actually departing from one predocal-defascular state, from one threshold and the transition to another threshold, a predoxyfonic state.

As a result, its weakening begins, the growth of disorganization in society, the growth of the uncomfortable state; Inversion drop in the dominant moral ideal, which leads to the domination of a new moral ideal. Within each global modified inversion cycle, while there is a current ratio between inverses and mediation, perhaps seven stages, seven versions of the dominant moral ideal.

Tasks of this work:

1. To explore the concept of moral ideal.

2. Consider the moral ideal in the work of A.S. Pushkin.

The purpose of this work is to study the concept of moral ideal.

1. The concept of moral ideal

Moral - There is a responsibility for their actions. Since, as follows from the definition, morality is based on a free will, only a free creature can be in the moral. Unlike morality, which is an external requirements for the behavior of the individual, along with the law, morality - there is an internal installation of an individual to act according to its conscience.

Moral (moral) values - This is what else ancient Greeks called "ethical virtues." Antique wise men The main of these virtues considered prudence, goodwill, courage, justice. In Judaism, Christianity, Islam, the highest moral values \u200b\u200bare associated with faith in God and zealous reverence. As moral values, all nations are hurry honesty, loyalty, respect for older, hard work, patriotism. And although in life, people do not always show similar qualities, but they are valued highly, and those who have them enjoy respect. These values \u200b\u200brepresented in their impeccable, absolutely complete and advanced expression, act as ethical ideals.

Ideal (Lat. idealis. from Greek. ίΔέα - image, idea) - Higher value; The best, completed state of a phenomenon; sample of personal qualities, abilities; Higher norm of moral personality; the highest degree of moral idea of \u200b\u200bgood and proper; Perfection in relations between people; The most perfect device of society.

2. Moral ideal in the work of A.S. Pushkin

The nineteenth century is rightly called the Golden Age of Russian Poetry. Among the constellation of names for many closest and relatives is the name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Each person has their own life, his fate, but there is something that unites all people. First of all, human feelings and aspirations are looking for itself. Here, close to each of us, and wrote Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his works, tried to reach the hearts of his readers, trying to convey all the beauty and depth of human feelings to them. When you read Pushkin, there are many questions, but the main thing is that the reader is worried, are the eternal problems of good and evil, love and friendship, honor, decency, nobility.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin wrote a lot of wonderful works, but unfortunately we will be able to consider only 2 of them "Eugene Onegin" and "Captain Daughter". Everyone is peculiar to find something expensive, unique, sometimes understandable only in the works of A.S. Pushkin, but what moral ideals of the author himself can be found here?

The moral ideal in the novel "Eugene Onegin" for Pushkin is Tatyana Larina. From the first rows dedicated to her, we feel the author's sympathy for her, her kind and sensitive heart:

I love so much

Tatyana Milua my.

We will not meet in the novel Description of the appearance of Tatiana, the author only speaks of her clean and beautiful soul, only the inner world of heroine is important. He creates Tatiana Mila and a sensitive, its attachment to his relatives and close, understanding of the beauty of nature is important for him. Only the world around us can give a person inspiration and calm.

Tatiana falls in love with Evgeny Onegin. "Tatiana loves not joking," says Pushkin about his heroine. She is bothering this love throughout his life, but she cannot donate her husband's happiness for his beloved person. Tatiana explains his refusal to Evgeny Onegin so:

But I'm given to another;

I will be the age of him true.

Good respond to good - here is the eternal truth. Tatiana is close to this folk wisdom. And, probably, so Pushkin calls her "Russian soul".

"Take care of honor" - this is the epigraph of the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". The same instruction gives the father to his son Peter Andreevich Grinevo, sending him to the service. The father himself is trying not to knock her son from the right road, sending him not to Petersburg, where the young man could get off the way, having started drinking, playing cards, but sends him to a small fortress, where he could honestly serve the Fatherland, grasp soul After all, Peter Andreevich Grinevo is only seventeen years old. Pushkin in Father Greeneva shows those features that are valued in the people of old hardening, in people of the XVIII century. The meaning of the life of Andrei Petrovich Greenieva is that a person for any trials do not go to the transaction with his conscience. He believes that the purpose of the life of every man is an honest service for the benefit of the Fatherland.

In the "Captain Daughter" we meet a lot of heroes, for whom the principle of "take care of honor" is the main thing in life. For Pushkin, the concept of "honor" is associated with loyalty to friends, debt. We see how Grineh, being captured by Pugachev, speaks directly to his eyes: "I am a natural nobleman; I silent the soreman of the Empress: I can not serve. "

Maria Ivanovna, Grnev's bride, fainting when a gun shot in honor of the mother's name, does not go to a deal with his conscience, she rejects the offer of a traitor to Schwabrin, who enjoys the case and suggests bringing it out of the fortress if she marries him.

We see how in all the heroes Pushkin embodies their moral ideal: loyalty to debt and word, integrity, the desire to help a friend or a loved one.

It seems to me that Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin believes that the principle of "good is good" is one of the many folk wisdoms. This wisdom is very close to him. Grineh, trying to save his bride, comes to Stan Pugachev. Pugachev remembers good (Grinemen met Pugacheva even before the uprising began and gave him a sheep in Tulup) and he let him go with Marya Ivanovna. Being in captivity of Pugachev, Grinevo hears a song about the king and the robber. The robber, like Grinev, honestly recognizes the king in what he did, Grinevo tells Pugachev about his intention to serve Ekaterina P. King executing the criminal, and Pugachev lets the captive.

Conclusion.

Appropriate to the result, we found out that the moral ideal is the concept of morality, which expresses the requirements of society to people in the form of a specific image of a moral personality, which embodies the best moral qualities, approved by the Society of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe sample of behavior and relationships between people who become a motion and purpose moral development of society and personality. Each generation has its own idea of \u200b\u200ba moral ideal, but there are no qualities that are not crumpled by people, not time.

Pushkin, like every person, was his gaze on what was happening, he sought to find an answer to the questions who worried his contemporaries, but for Pushkin works there is no time frame, it is interesting for all ages. The moral ideals of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - loyalty to debt, friends, cleanliness of the soul, honesty, kindness - these are the universal values \u200b\u200bon which the world holds.

"There is always something particularly noble, meek, gentle, fragrant and graceful in any feeling of Pushkin," wrote V.G. Belinsky. He believed that "none of the Russian poets tied up such an undeniable right to be an educator and young, and mature, and even old ... readers like Pushkin, because we do not know more moral ones, with the greatness of talent, poet, like Pushkin " For this reason, I considered, creativity A.S. Pushkin he was the creator of the word.

Bibliography

1. Dictionary of Ethics - M. 1989.

2. Ethics. Encyclopedic dictionary / ed. Aprehesian R.G. Huseynov A.A. - M., 2001.

3. Basics of ethical knowledge: Tutorial / T. ed. Rosenko M.N. - St. Petersburg. 2002.

4. Kondrashov V.A. Ethics. Tutorial - Rostov on Don, 2000.

In the section on the question of the Sophia Characteristics of the Comedy inexped by the author Ilya Rybin The best answer is Sophia is a niece of an old man, who is her guardian. The name of the heroine is "wisdom". In the comedy Sophia is endowed with the wisdom of the soul, hearts, virtue.
Sophia - orphan. Its estate, in the absence of a foreigner, control the spaces that the girl is crushed. And when they find out that Sofia has a big dowry, they begin to fight for her hand and money. But Sofia has a beloved - the Milon, with which she is engaged and to which it remains true. The family of prostacle-cattle Sophia despises and laughs at it. The girl comes from the honest nobles who gave her a good education. Sophia is smart, mocking, sensitive and good (at the end of the comedy, she forgives the simpler for the evil caused to her). The heroine believes that honor and wealth should be made by works that the girl is decent to the gentleness and obedience to the elders, but her love she can and should defend. All positive characters play are grouped around Sofia. They help her to free themselves from under the guardianship of spacers and connect with Milon at the end of the comedy.

The moral ideal of the person.

The moral ideal of the personality is the embodiment of a morally immaculate person who is the personification of all the virtues necessary for a particular era, and an employee sample to imitate. First, through the moral ideal, moral consciousness assesses the existing validity and people as imperfect, recognizes the absence of any important moral qualities. And, secondly, by means of moral ideal, the moral consciousness is trying to fill, making a visual example of behavior.

At different times, the moral ideal found and now finds its incarnation in specific person. First of all, it was and there are religious images - Buddha, Christ, as well as fictional literary, artistic, historical heroes or real personalities. It is they who allow us to evaluate their qualities and behavior, stimulate its activity, indicate a person to the perspective and the goals of self-development and self-improvement. Moral ideals unite moral norms, principles, moral qualities of a person with a relatively higher goal, which they serve.

It should be remembered that the moral ideal should not be too distant from ordinary people and should not be too untreated. Otherwise, he will not be able to fulfill its guideline function. It is no coincidence that the embodiment of moral perfection and impeccability for Christians is Jesus Christ - the Godhead, which connects both the Divine and human nature in himself.

Simultaneously with the moral ideal, anti-heroes and antiideals are drawn. This is the embodiment of injustice, evil, dishonor, etc. The immoral content of the qualities and actions of antiheroes and antiideals can play and a positive role, convincingly showing how not to act and how should not be.

The Chinese philosopher of Confucius is a moral ideal of relations with the concept of "noble husband" ("Jun - Tzu"). It implies two complementary meaning: belonging to aristocracy and human perfection. Belonging to the aristocracy itself is not yet a guarantee of human perfection, because it is necessary to have a stubborn spiritual work on the very well. However, and for a simple vehicle, the road to human perfection is not closed. And at the same time, a higher position in the human and social hierarchy requires a higher level of moral responsibility.

A noble husband is a combination of all high qualities, an ideal personality. First of all, a noble husband has "Zhen" - "Human Beginning", meaning "mercy", "humanity", "humanity".

"A noble husband" seeks to know the right path - "Dao".

The "noble husband" always complies with the principle of "Xiao" and the ritual "Lee" (ceremony) - specific norms and samples of socially worthy and responsible behavior. They are moral measure of behavior, the optimal distance in the relationship between different in the age and social status of people who ensure their consonant existence in society.

"A noble husband" has a high level of vanity "Wen", culture and education. This is a moral independent personality, the purpose of which is constant self-improvement and stubborn work on himself.

"A noble husband" has an even relationship with people, does not judge them and borrowed from others only the best.

"A noble husband" cares about the fact that His words do not disperse with actions. Therefore, he first carries his intended, and then talks about it.

In the teachings of the Confucius of an ideal person opposed "Low Man" ("Xiao Zhen"). He only thinks about how to extract his own benefit - ideas about human decency and dignity, the need to follow the ritual did not become defining behavioral motives for it. "Low Man" is a timely, rude and unbridled, he judges other people and presents the requirements for them, and in communication is inclined to the discords and can even walk to a break.

Questions for self-test

Give the definition of the concepts of "ethics", "morality", "morality".

Word the "golden rule of morality" and the moral law I. Kant.

What is moral consciousness? Through what elements its content is revealed?

What is moral practice and moral self-consciousness?

What functions of Moral performs in modern society?

What is the moral ideal of the person? Why is it important for a person to have a moral ideal?

Spiritual and moral ideals in human life.

The most important philosophical issues relating to the relationship between the world and man include the inner spiritual life of a person, the main values \u200b\u200bthat underlie its existence. A person not only knows the world as a matter of seeking to reveal his objective logic, but also assesses reality, trying to understand the meaning of one's own existence, surviving the world as a proper and short, good and destructive, beautiful and ugly, fair and unfair, etc.

Universal values \u200b\u200bact as the criteria of the degree of both spiritual development and social progress of mankind. The values \u200b\u200bproviding human life include health, a certain level of material security, public relations that ensure the realization of the personality and freedom of choice, the family, the right, etc.

The essence of the spiritual world of a person was determined by the word "spirit" as a human dimension, the human mind or his tendency. Then, the concept of "spiritual life of people" was included in the scientific way, which covers the wealth of human feelings and achievements of the mind, unites both the absorption of accumulated spiritual values \u200b\u200band the creative creation of new ones. A person who has a highly developed spiritual life possesses, as a rule, an important personal quality: he acquires spirituality as a desire to height his ideals and thoughts, which determine the focus of all activities. Spirituality implies adherence to humanistic value orientations, soulfulness, friendliness in relations between people. The spiritual life of the personality includes: knowledge, faith, feelings, needs, ability, aspirations, goals of people. The spiritual life of the person is impossible without experiences: joy, optimism or despondency, faith or disappointment. A person is typical of the desire for self-knowledge and self-improvement. So, spirituality, according to modern philosophical views, is the highest level of development and the creation of a mature personality. At this level, the motive and primeflow of human activity are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values. The assimilation of certain values, such as truth, good, beauty, creates value orientations, i.e. conscious

human desire to build their lives and convert validity in accordance with them.

One of the most important moral categories is conscience. Conscience is the ability of the personality to learn ethical values \u200b\u200band guided by them in all life situations, independently formulate their moral duties, to carry out a moral cavity control, to realize their duty to other people.

Poet Osip Mandelstam wrote:

Conscience Your:

The node of the life in which we are recognized ...

No conscience no morality. Conscience - an inner court who is pending over himself. "Conscience removal," he wrote Adam Smith for more than two centuries ago, - the terrible of the feelings attending the heart of a person. "

Patriotism also applies to the number of major value orientation. This concept is indicated by the value attitude of a person to his Fatherland, dedication and love of the Motherland, to their people. A patriotic configured person is committed to national traditions, a public and political structure, language and faith of CVOEGO Narod. Patriotism is proud to achieve his native country, in empathizing its failures and troubles, respect for its historical past, to popular memory, culture, as well as respect for other peoples, other culture. Patriotic feelings and ideas only then morally towers a person when they are conjugaten by respect for people of various nationalities. With patriotic guidelines of a person are associated and quality of citizenship. These socio-psychological and moral qualities of individuals combine the feeling of love for their homeland, and responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and the awareness of themselves as a full citizen who has a set of rights and obligations. Citizenship is manifested in knowledge and ability to use and protect personal rights, respect for the rights of other citizens, compliance with the Constitution and the laws of the country, strictly fulfilling their duties.

An important element of the spiritual world of a person is the worldview, a totality of his views on the world as a whole and the associated attitude towards peace. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe value of an ordinary person, his life causes today in culture to allocate moral values \u200b\u200bas the most important,

Conditioning in the current situation the possibility of its existence on Earth.

Our people, once pious and faithful to the Lord, the God-head, lost moral landmarks. The taciousness and sinful pride, passion for immoral spectacles and the cult of violence, the immoral climate in politics enslaved many. The family is being destruction - the basis of the centuries-old text of the people's life, the basis of his prosperity, through which the spirit of goodness was transmitted from generation to generation and moral values. It should be remembered that the personality, family, spirituality, morality is not empty words, it is the basis, the spiritual foundation of any civilization and any society. The history of states and distant antiquity, and modernity confirms this idea. Many cultures of the past came to their decline precisely as a result of the degeneration of the spiritual basis of the person. More F. M. Dostoevsky said that the peoples move another force than science and industry; Peoples are alive until they own a great idea, often not conscious to the end. This is a desire for the highest truth, to the highest meaning of life. When the people loses this idea, it turns into an "ethnographic material".

Does the moral principle form in a person spontaneously or need to form consciously? In the history of philosophical and ethical thought, there was a point of view, according to which moral qualities inherent in a person from the moment of birth. So, French enlighteners believed that a person is kind of in nature. Some representatives of Eastern philosophy believed that a person, on the contrary, by nature angry and is a carrier of evil. However, the study of the process of becoming a morality of consciousness showed that there are no grounds for such categorical statements. Moral principles are not laid in a person from birth, but formed in the family on the example that is in front of the eyes; In the process of communicating with other people, during the period of training and education at school, with the perception of such monuments of world culture, which allows for how to join the already disagreeable level of consciousness, and to form their own moral values \u200b\u200bon the basis of self-education. Without the last place at the same time, the personality is also occupied. The ability to feel, understand, create good, recognize evil, to be persistent and irreconcilable to it - the special moral qualities of the person who people cannot get ready-made from others, and should work out independently.

Radical changes occurring in the lives of our society, including in the field of education, require comprehensive understanding. Perennial alienation of man from genuine spiritual culture, national roots and traditions, from faith, led to the crisis of public consciousness, expressed in an extremely unfavorable public atmosphere: strengthening the criminality of society, the growth of crime (including children's), violence, open promotion of malfunction of morals. A particularly difficult situation was in the teenage and youth sector. The search for public consciousness from the crisis situation was marked by a refund to previous systems of values, first - to humanistic, "universal", and then to the traditional - Christian, Orthodox.

School, and we - Teachers are obliged to figure out the complex philosophical category about the moral ideal and moral perfection and help their students form the most moral ideal. And how can we do this at school? First of all, through the content of the school program objects: the high artistic dignity of the Great Russian classical literature brings up aesthetic taste, and the development of the Russian literary language is impossible without reading and studying classical works. Russian literature is the main subject that reflects the content of Russian spiritual culture in modern school. The works of Russian literary classics have a huge educational value. They give younger the moral ideal as a lifestyle. They represent samples of a humane attitude towards neighbor, attenuating and citizenship. Finally, they generally create a high idea of \u200b\u200bthe value of Russian culture: the entire artistic world of man is painting, architecture, music is based on literature. It is Russian literature that makes it possible to preserve in the consciousness of youth moral and artistic values, traditionally unifying society

Genuine education in all historical epochs aims to raise the person in the Christian understanding, for which it is important for the presence of a spiritual basis in it, conjugate with God. Divine gift, a person, unique for each of us, is the image of God! And only in this sense of the centrality of the image of God in a person, you can connect the basic truths about a person and build a holistic system of upbringing and education at school, including the system of classroom clocks.

The starting point of the lesson, including and the classroom has always been the question. Put in front of yourself and the student questions: "Why does a person live?"

"Who is the moral person?", "Can a person be morally perfect?". And the answers to these questions should be sought, resorting to help and the great experience of the Orthodox Church. At this point, these issues intersect the tasks of the school and the church.

Revealing the concept of moral ideal, we will certainly conclude that there are no people absolutely perfect. But the history of mankind knows the perfect person. This is Christ, Godhead, whose coming marked the beginning of a new era in the history of mankind.

To describe the moral ideal of a person, there is little set of the most beautiful and good human qualities, Christ, God must stand in the center of this concept, through the likeness of which, through the likeness of His Saints, at least in part, only a person can be improved. No wonder the reading of the lives of saints was the most beloved and integral tradition in Russia for every Russian man who studied him to distinguish between truth and falsity, righteousness and sin, to realize the meaning of their earthly existence.

In the conditions of modern pluralism, the understanding of morality is urgently needed to emphasize the importance and urgency of the restoration of the traditional ideal of morality, namely the restoration in the system of continuous education of the tradition of Russian education with clear criteria for personal and social morality, presented in its entirety in Orthodox spiritual culture. The truth of moral actions should be obvious only to the Absolute, and not to a variety of, even if the most humane, public ideals. Then:

- the responsibility of a person is responsibility to God;

- Tolerance to others - this is not tolerance in understanding the non-absorpability of any sin, but the vision of the image of God in every person and love for him;

- Attitude towards Fatherland is not the expectation of benefits, but serving its people and his spiritual traditions;

- The purpose of life is not a quench of endless desires and the receipt of pleasure, but overcoming everyday difficulties while maintaining loyalty to the ideal;

- Freedom is not to do everything that I want, but in the exemption of yourself from the captivity of my desires, in the ability to completely refuse themselves;

- Beauty is not an external appeal, but the moral burning of the soul;

- Happiness is not possession of all the benefits of life, but a constant joy of the heart through sacrificing itself to another;

- Death is not the end of human existence, and the beginning of eternal life, so the attitude towards it determines the entire structure and lifestyle of a person on earth, etc.

Summarizing all the above, we conclude: The basis of the formation of a spiritual-moral personality is the ideal not just a humane person, but a Christcentric image from which the entire system of true moral values \u200b\u200bis derived:

- love, good, mercy, tolerance, compassion, forgiveness, repentance;

- patriotism and civil debt;

- human dignity and professionalism;

- Family traditions and social relations, etc.

It is necessary to emphasize once again that spiritual-moral education implies not the development of only abilities and intellect, and, above all, aimed at raising the personality of a holistic, creative, active, and here the motivation of all methods aimed at developing students, necessarily lies in the field of religious aspirations. man.

The task of each teacher and the educator is to give students a certain, unpleasant in time, a durable moral rod, in which they themselves will subsequently build a solid building of a clear, reasonable understanding of moral life.

At the base of class watches devoted to moral issues, there is an understanding of the meaning of human life, without which the arguments about morality do not make any sense at all.

If we want to achieve the goal, then we ourselves must have this moral ideal, and give our students the opportunity to meet people who have the same aspirations. The advantage of a person from this point of view is dizzyfully high, for a person is like God and must be righteous and holy.

It is quite clear that at school we have the common tasks of educating adolescents who are solved and the Orthodox Church. Standing for the truth, selfless disinterested ministry to their people are the most characteristic moral features of the Russian Orthodox man. In the Russian people, the ideals of military ministry were always very high because

so many holy princes of warriors - from Alexander Nevsky and Dmitry Donskoy to Fedor Ushakov, Warrior Evgeny, who died in Chechnya. They are all alive and

a vivid example of serving a moral ideal. Through acquaintance with the history of life (in the life) of famous warriors - heroes, through meetings with veterans of wars, it is necessary to enable teenagers to absorb the lifeless effect of the personal example of the resistance of the Spirit and serving to their people and Fatherland.

How to instill a morality to the Russian schoolchildren, spiritual and moral culture? The main way of moral education of children and young people of Russia is a systematic teaching at the school of spiritual - moral culture based on centuries-old religious values \u200b\u200band arising from them cultural and historical traditions of the people. Crupitsa Knowledge will give 34 hours of course "Basics of Orthodox Culture", the teaching of which "is aimed at orienting a schoolchildren in the modern life of society, while ensuring integration into the cultural tradition of society - in the depths of time. Primary school students should primarily familiarize themselves with the sacred pages of their hometown, so that they later become clear why a person should strive for a virtuous life. Then we will talk about the teacher, because it is a teacher who goes into class daily and works with children, opens school textbooks with them and analyzes, teaches, expressively reads, affecting the formation of the personality of each of his student. The task of the teacher is not at all the transmission of certain amounts of specific knowledge in the field of theology. For this, in addition to the formal permission, special education is also necessary. More importantly, it is important to go on interest in its historical culture without bills, without distortion. And interest, as you know, gives birth to knowledge. But first of all, such interest should arise from the teacher himself. "Slennik is not a manty combine," says folk wisdom. No instructions will make a person to love the Orthodox culture, see in the Orthodox faith of the origins of the spirituality and morality of the Russian man.

The emotional world of the teacher is a propagating energy, it cannot but capture, not to get into, leave the indifferent listener. The emotional world is an external manifestation of the internal content of man, i.e. His spiritual side. In education, the position and skills of an adult in relation to everything that surrounds the child is very important. But the teacher is one of the carriers of spiritual values, with whom the child faces in his life.

In fact, the teacher ranks second, the first, of course, are parents. The spiritual development of the teacher covers all spheres of life, including

activity. The teacher is primarily an activity aimed at mastering learning knowledge, skills, skills, the development of their personal qualities. "The secondary school must educate a person be primarily moral. For the moral basis is the main thing that determines the viability of society: economic, state, creative. The future of our country is sitting now for school parties. In many ways, the future of Russia is in the hands of modern teachers. What will it be?

In conclusion, it should be said that the spiritual world of the personality is a complex system, the elements of which:

spiritual needs for knowing the surrounding world, in self-expression by means of culture, art, other forms of activity, in the use of cultural achievements, etc. Spiritual culture is a necessary condition for the existence of both society and for the formation of the personality and its inner world. Each person has a huge potential for the perception of accumulated cultural values;
knowledge of nature, society, man, to themselves;
belief in the truth of those beliefs that the person shares;
beliefs that determine human activity in all its manifestations and spheres;
the values \u200b\u200bunderlying the human attitude towards the world and to themselves, giving the meaning of his activities, reflecting his ideals;
abilities to one or another forms of social activities;
feelings and emotions in which his relationship with nature and society is expressed;
the goals that he consciously puts in front of him.

Bibliographic list

N.N. Golikova. The spiritual world of the student and teacher.
Danilyuk A.Ya., Kondakov A.M., Tishkov V.A. "The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia." Series "Second-Generation Standards" / A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kontakov, V.A. Tishkov. - M.: "Enlightenment", 2009.
A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov. "The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia" Public Education. - M. - 2010. - № 1
A.M. Kondakov, L.P. Kesin "Approximate basic educational program of an educational institution." Series "Standards of the second generation" - M.: "Enlightenment", 2011.
Likhachev D.S. "Russian Culture": Collection of articles / D.S. Likhachev. - M.: "Art", 2000.
Surova L.V. "Orthodox school today." Book for students and students L.V.Surov. - Ed. Vladimir Diocese, 1996.

Test

"The concept of moral ideal"

Introduction

As part of each global period, stages arise that turns it into a global modified inversion cycle. On each stage, its own specific version of the dominant moral ideal dominates, homogeneous moral ideals correspond to the same stages of another global period. Each version of the dominant moral ideal is characterized by a new consensus and can be considered as a stagepulsation. The emergence of each new dominant moral ideal is usually marked by a certain growth of social energy, the strengthening of discipline, some improvement in the economy indicators, a decrease in direct extension and more It was actually departing from one predocal-defascular state, from one threshold and the transition to another threshold, a predogital state.

Tasks of this work:

Examine the concept of moral ideal.
Consider the moral ideal in the work of A.S. Pushkin.

The purpose of this work is to study the infirmation ideal.

The concept of moral ideal

Moral- There is a responsibility for their actions. Since, as follows from the definition, morality is based on a free will, only a free creature can be in the moral. Unlike morality, which is an external requirement for the behavior of an individual, along with the law, morality is the internal installation of an individual to act according to their conscience.

Moral (moral) values"It is that the ancient Greeks called" ethical virtues. " Antique wise men The main of these virtues considered prudence, goodwill, courage, justice. In Judaism, Christianity, Islam, the highest moral values \u200b\u200bare associated with faith in God and zealous reverence. As moral values, all nations are hurry honesty, loyalty, respect for older, hard work, patriotism. And although in life, people do not always show similar qualities, but they are valued highly, and those who have them enjoy respect. These values \u200b\u200brepresented in their impeccable, absolutely complete and advanced expression, act as ethical ideals.

Ideal (Lat. idealis. from Greek. ίδέα-shape, idea) - Having special value; The best, completed state of a phenomenon; sample of personal qualities, abilities; Higher norm of moral personality; the highest degree of moral idea of \u200b\u200bgood and proper; Perfection in relations between people; The most perfect device of society.

Moral ideal in the work of A.S. Pushkin

The nineteenth century is rightly called the Golden Age of Russian Poetry. Among the constellation of names for many closest and relatives is the name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Each person has their own life, his fate, but there is something that unites all people. We will have all the human feelings and aspirations, the search for yourself. Here, close to each of us, and wrote Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his works, tried to reach the hearts of his readers, trying to convey all the beauty and depth of human feelings to them. When you read Pushkin, there are many questions, but the main thing is that the reader is worried, is the eternal problems of good and evil, love and friendship, honor, decency, nobility.

Alexander Sergeyevichpushkin wrote a lot of wonderful works, but unfortunately we will be able to consider the 2 of them "Eugene Onegin" and "Captain daughter". Each is peculiar to each other, its expensive, unique, sometimes understandable only in the works of A.S. Pushkin, but what moral ideals of the author himself can be found here?

The moral ideal in the novel "Eugene Onegin" for Pushkin is Tatyana Larina. From the first rows dedicated to her, we feel the author's sympathy for her, her kind and sensitive heart:

I love so much

Tatyana Milua my.

But I'm given to another;

I will be the age of him true.

Good respond to the good, even the eternal truth. Tatiana is close to this folk wisdom. And, probably, so Pushkin calls her "Russian soul".

"Take care of the honor of the Quantity" - the epigraph of the story of A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter". The same instruction gives the father to his son Peter Andreevich Grinevo, sending him to the service. The father himself is trying not to knock her son from the right road, sending him not to Petersburg, where the young man could get off the way, having started drinking, playing cards, but sends him to a small fortress, where he could honestly serve the Fatherland, grasp soul After all, Peter Andreevich Grinevo is only seventeen years old. Pushkin in Father Greeneva shows those features that are valued in the people of old hardening, in people of the XVIII century. The meaning of the life of Andrei Petrovich Greenieva is that a person for any trials do not go to the transaction with his conscience. He believes that the goal of the life of every man-intentional service for the benefit of the Fatherland.

We see how in all the heroes Pushkin embodies their moral ideal: loyalty to debt and word, integrity, the desire to help a friend or a loved one.

Conclusion.

Approaching the result, we found out that the moral ideal is the concept of morality, which expresses the requirements of society to people in the form of a specific image of a moral personality, which embodied the best moral qualities, approved by the Company's idea of \u200b\u200bthe sample of behavior and relationships between people who become a motion and purpose moral development of society and personality. Each generation has its own idea of \u200b\u200ba moral ideal, but there are no qualities that are not crumpled by people, not time.

Pushkin, like every person, was his gaze on what was happening, he sought to find an answer to the questions who worried his contemporaries, but for Pushkin works there is no time frame, it is interesting for all ages. The moral ideals of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin - the debt, friends, cleanliness of the soul, honesty, kindness is the universal values \u200b\u200bon which the world is being held.

"There is always something particularly noble, meek, gentle, fragrant and graceful in any feeling of Pushkin," - P.G. Belinsky. He believed that "none of the Russian poets tied up such an undeniable right to be an educator and young, and mature, and even old ... readers like Pushkin, because we do not know more moral ones, with the greatness of talent, poet, like Pushkin " For this reason, I considered, creativity A.S. Pushkin he was the creator of the word.

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