There are dozens of political talk shows on Russian television. Almost all of them broadcast the opinion of the same experts plying from one program to another. Among them, Ukrainian political scientists stand out: they are gagged, openly trolled and even often beaten. "Lenta.ru" recalled the brightest issues with the participation of Ukrainian experts and found out why, despite the humiliation, they remain frequent guests of Russian television studios.

Typical scenario

Ukraine continues to hold the prime time of Russian TV channels. Despite the general fatigue of viewers from the information noise around the events in the neighboring state, they did not stop watching talk shows about Ukraine. The lion's share of the rating for such programs is provided by Ukrainian experts - without them, political programs would have lost their intensity and element of the show.

The dramaturgy of programs with their participation is based on a completely standard scenario. The presenter asks the political scientist a question (conditionally - about those guilty of the war in Donbass), he says a couple of sentences, after which he is bombarded with counterarguments from all sides. A hubbub begins, which sometimes even the presenters are not able to stop. However, they themselves do not hesitate to sneer at the speakers, and sometimes completely shut their mouths.

Usually the host and guests associate the expert with Ukraine (the same principle applies to the American participants in the discussion) with the Poroshenko regime, and he has to answer for the entire state. Since most of the time they fail to complete their thought, they speak smoothly and at the maximum density of words per second.

By opinion President of the Center system analysis and forecasting by Rostislav Ishchenko, this tradition in Ukraine was set by Yulia Tymoshenko.

The composition of experts from Ukraine in all Russian TV broadcasts is approximately the same. Vadim Karasev, Olesya Yakhno and Vyacheslav Kovtun are regularly featured in the programs of Vladimir Solovyov, Andrey Norkin, on Channel One, TV Center and Zvezda. Of these, only Karasev appears on Ukrainian TV from time to time. The other three are reproached for being unpopular in Ukraine, so they want to make themselves public relations in Russia.

Scandals and fights

Vyacheslav Kovtun, the Ukrainian headliner of Russian political talk shows, has been particularly successful in this. He has become the hero of scandals on Russian TV and outside television studios more than once. Last time during the break of filming the program "Time Will Show" on Channel One, he was beaten in the dressing room. According to one of the participants of the broadcast, this was done by the former chairman of the Council of Ministers of the DPR Alexander Borodai, who could not stand provocative behavior Ukrainian guest.

But this is not the first time Kovtun has been hit on Russian TV. During the conflict in Ukraine, the political scientist got at least four times. On the air of Zvezda, Yuriy Kot, head of the information department of the Committee for the Rescue of Ukraine, slashed him several times in the face, after Kovtun promised to check what his 17-year-old son, who lives in Ukraine, was doing.

In March 2016, Kovtun went outside after another shoot and was preparing to get into a taxi, but he was prevented by unknown persons who dipped his head into the cake.

However, the political scientist himself believes that the attacks on him are nothing more than a staging. In the summer of 2015, during the filming of the "Barrier" program, Ukrainian deputy Volodymyr Oleinik attacked him with fists. It seemed to him that Kovtun was grinning when he spoke about the starvation of a seven-month-old child in Mariupol. Presenter Vladimir Solovyov separated the fighters and explained that Kovtun was not actually grinning - the peculiarities of his facial expressions were to blame.

Kovtun is not the only one who has been openly “pressed” on Russian TV. In 2015, it went to a Kiev lawyer Eduard Bagirov. He was not convinced by the arguments of the co-chairman of the Popular Front of Novorossiya, Konstantin Dolgov, who tried to prove with the help of photographs that a fascist government had settled in Kiev. Dolgov first promised to break Bagirov's jaw, and then moved on him.

TV presenters do not hesitate to show emotions in relation to Ukrainian experts. So, new talk show host"Time will tell" Artem Sheinin in the open mocks above them in front of the audience.

However, the most memorable incident was the September incident on the air of NTV: the host of "Meeting Place" Andrei Norkin from the studio of the invited political scientist Sergei Zaporozhsky. The program discussed the details of the investigation into the crash of the Malaysian Boeing.

Norkin argued that the international community ignores Russia's opinion. According to him, for the first time, the version that the plane shot down a Ukrainian bomber was put forward not by Russia, but by an American blogger. Zaporozhsky objected to him. Norkin considered that the political scientist was wrong, and then explained to the audience that he did not need the advice of “every ram”.

Where to go to swear

An editorial staff member of a large talk show who wished to remain anonymous explained in a conversation with Lenta.ru that the pool of experts from Ukraine quoted on federal TV fully satisfies the formal needs of the channels to present the opinion of the Ukrainian side. On the other hand, participating in a talk show is good opportunity for unknown political scientists to make themselves a PR. That is why, in spite of the spread rot, they continue to spill the television studios.

VGTRK "Lentu.ru" was assured: rumors that experts (including Ukrainian ones) are paid money for organizing enchanting performances on the air, false - no rewards for guests are provided in the show of the "Russia 1" channel.

"Lenta.ru" asked the Ukrainian Vadim Karasev why he agrees to participate in Russian broadcasts... He lamented that the air is not always allowed to speak, but, according to him, everything depends on the preparation of the speaker: “If you try, if you have professional and emotional training, you can convey some thoughts. Well, how do I do it. " The political scientist notes that participation in Russian shows- this is "a challenge, aptitude test."

“There is one more thing. We (Ukrainian political scientists - approx. "Lenta.ru") in Russia we are playing the role of opposition. Oppositionists, even if they go to shows, are very careful in their statements. We have no restrictions. We can say both about Russia and about Ukraine what we want and consider to be true. "

Karasev is not embarrassed that in any Russian TV show he a priori looks like a loser. He even advises where a Ukrainian should not go: according to him, it is better not to appear on Zvezda (one of the reasons is that the channel belongs to the Ministry of Defense). But he freely goes to the "TV Center", but only if he, as a specialist in global strategies propose to discuss the development of Europe. According to him, he does not attend all the broadcasts of Vladimir Solovyov, because sometimes he feels in advance that "there will be something muddy."

Karasev explains his frequent appearance on federal TV by the fact that they want to hear him. “Let it be a small stratum, but I know that there are such people,” he concluded.

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Each of the major TV channels broadcasts several talk shows, where they discuss social and political themes... On "Russia 1" broadcasts "Duel" and "Evening with Vladimir Solovyov", there is also a talk show "60 minutes" with Olga Skabeyeva and Evgeny Popov. The flagship of the social and political bloc of Channel One was the First Studio talk show with Artem Sheinin. He, along with Ekaterina Strizhenova and Anatoly Kuzichev, hosts the daytime talk show "Time Will Show". NTV broadcasts "Place of Meeting" with Andrey Norkin and Olga Belova during the day, and TV Center in the evenings shows "The Right to Vote" with Roman Babayan, as well as "The Right to Know" with Dmitry Kulikov.

It is enough to look at these and other political shows to notice that the same people wander from program to program. Moreover, some of them are experts on almost all issues. The structure of the show, themes, techniques are also repeated. Afisha Daily decided to investigate these and other features of conducting discussions on Russian political talk shows.

March 27, 2017 release. Topic: "At the scene of the crime." The program is dedicated to Ukraine. Host Artyom Sheinin appeals to the reaction to the assassination of Voronenkov by US Senator John McCain. After that, a discussion unfolds.

Leonid Smekhov

Business trainer, teacher of oratory at the MBA at the IBDA RANEPA, author of the book "Popular Rhetoric"

Thanks to the image of the presenter, a feeling is created: the broadcast is being conducted by a "man from the people", a kind of boorish-rude native of the proletarian environment. Scheinin in rude terms devalues ​​McCain as a speaker, making the following argument: "I understand that McCain spent a long time in a cage in Vietnam, where he was regularly beaten." This is the labeling of "not entirely healthy mentally."

One of the program participants, Igor Drandin, agrees with McCain's words about Russia's involvement in the murder, recalling the example of Alexei Navalny: "As soon as you talk about Putin and corruption, you are immediately sent to jail." Other speakers begin to interrupt him, claiming that in America Navalny would be jailed for 15 years for rallies. This is a manipulative, unverifiable statement - a trick called an "imposed consequence" when the chain of reasoning is hidden and the emphasis is on the conclusion. The presenter sticks to the interlocutor the label "you are now speaking like McCain", ignores counter questions and uses an authoritarian trick - repeating the same phrase until the interlocutor gets tired and stops talking. The presenter also uses other tools to control the dialogue: gives commands to speakers; underestimates the rate of speech and increases the emphasis on words, which makes his speech more significant; becomes personal, directly accusing the opponent of lying.

When Drandin is already off balance, trying to outshout opponents, he looks like a moody child. At this point, the rest of the program participants begin to behave like educators who are trying to calm him down from the standpoint of an "adult."

Employee of a socio-political talk show of one of the central channels

The expert wished to remain anonymous

Opposition speakers are the most a big problem for such talk shows. The leadership wants new faces, but at the same time it is necessary to be absolutely sure that this very "liberal-light" will not say too much. Especially if the program is on v live... Of course, there is a stop-list, and it is periodically updated, in particular, because of "tired, too much on the air." These "light liberals" can be counted on one hand. They are all fee-based, that is, it is their job to go on TV channels and portray enemies in a mode that is safe for the channel.

Artem Sheinin is generally a strange character. He could still be tolerated when he was the shadowy head of the channel's political broadcasting. But after Pyotr Tolstoy left for the State Duma, Sheinin apparently decided to demonstrate the top of the professionalism of conducting political talk shows. Well, in his opinion, of course. This style of broadcasting is generally Sheinin's manner of communication. The appearance of Anatoly Kuzichev as a co-host in the show "Time Will Show", in general, fits into the concept. They were looking for, under the leadership of Sheinin himself, someone who would resemble Sheinin, without overshadowing him.

February 21, 2017 release. Topic: Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko called on Europe to tighten sanctions against Russia, because it recognized the documents of the DPR and LPR. Conversation with Vyacheslav Kovtun, who is introduced as a Ukrainian political scientist.

Leonid Smekhov

The presenter pre-sets the framework in which viewers will perceive the video from Poroshenko. Immediately after watching, he once again points out the incompatibility of Poroshenko's statements with his status and religious beliefs. It is important that the statement of the President of Ukraine is taken out of context: neither the situation, nor the identity of the interlocutor, nor the background is known. It is also impossible to say for sure that Poroshenko uttered the insult - it sounds from behind the scenes. Kovtun is trying clumsily to justify Poroshenko, instead of shifting the focus or even transferring the game to the opponent's field (his favorite speech technique is "the fool himself"). He does this already belatedly, recalling the statements of Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov during a press conference with a colleague from Saudi Arabia.

"Evening with Vladimir Solovyov" on "Russia 1"

May 16, 2017 release. The topic of the show: “Ban on social networks in Ukraine. Medicine in Russia. Cultural Extremism ". Vladimir Soloviev and the guests again oppose the Ukrainian political scientist Vyacheslav Kovtun.

Leonid Smekhov

Soloviev acts in the usual image of a cynical intellectual, enhancing the persuasiveness of his statements by listing names and facts. He responds to Kovtun with manipulative tricks: he glues a label, lowering the authority of the interlocutor; then it appeals to other people - Shoigu, Zyuganov and Zhirinovsky and their supposed reaction; then it turns to direct accusations. In the future, even antics are used against Kovtun in order to devalue his words and seize the initiative. In the end, he is again slaughtered with a series of charges. Under them, he temporarily drowns.

TV show employee

The TV show really played with the themes of Ukraine and Poroshenko. The viewer has long been unnerved by such a formulation of the question, because it resembles pouring from empty to empty. When on the TV channel of the Ministry of Defense "Zvezda" foreign policy topics are a priority, this is somehow understandable. In the case of the first button and "Russia" - no.

Topics for talk shows (especially daily ones) are formed from the current agenda. Editors regularly offer interesting moves and twists, but from time to time it ends with the cancellation of the topic and the command: "Making Ukraine." If some time ago it was interpreted as "Ukraine-actual", then in this moment relevant with such frequency is not forged. Therefore, the topic, as well as the program, are sucked from the finger.

April 6, 2017 release. Topic: "What is expected from Russia?" They are discussing "unsubstantiated" accusations from the West of Russia's involvement in the chemical attack in Syria. Igor Korotchenko, a member of the Public Council at the Ministry of Defense, opposes the American journalist Michael Bohm.

Leonid Smekhov

Korotchenko's statement is a typical sifting of facts: he omits something quite significant, and, on the contrary, displays something on foreground... He gives additional persuasiveness to his statement with a low speech rate, rigid voice delivery, and accentuation. When Bohm tries to interrupt Korotchenko, he immediately begins to insult him, as he would insult a criminal who has already been discovered, but is still trying to interfere with the course of the investigation. In the end, everything negative is personally attached to Bohm, as is usually the case on such programs.

It is worth noting the volume imbalance here as additional remedy impact on the listener: in this dialogue we hear Korotchenko's remarks much clearer and better than Bohm's remarks. But could it be the other way around? The American opinion is secondary here.

TV show employee

With Bohm, just like with Kovtun, the situation is the same as with the fee-paying oppositionists. It's just their job - to go to talk shows and portray enemies (NTV dedicated to foreign stars Russian television transmission cycle: here it is. - Approx. ed.). As for royalties, Bohm, for example, received fifteen thousand rubles for air two years ago. Kovtun was initially paid five, but soon the fee was raised to ten.

"First Studio" on Channel One

None March 29, 2017 release. Topic: "Protest actions: how society should react to them." The guests talk about why the youth took to the protest action on March 26.

Leonid Smekhov

Putin recognized the collapse of the USSR as the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the twentieth century, which means that such an interpretation of the events of 1991 can be recognized as the official and main one. Gennady Zyuganov, for obvious reasons, develops this topic, linking the events in Ukraine with it and using recognizable Soviet propaganda clichés: "orange provocateurs", "under far-fetched slogans" and so on. But this does not sound archaic: modern media often use instruments of speech influence from the past.

The image of Navalny is instantly transformed into the image of the enemy thanks to the label “Fuhrer”. In general, the event under discussion is presented by Zyuganov as something illegal, dangerous for the country and inexperienced young people who do not understand anything. But, thank God, there are law enforcement agencies that protect the country and prevent it from being destroyed. They, according to the leader of the Communist Party, are smarter than the protesters.

Following Olga Timofeeva (member of the Russian Federation Council Committee on International Affairs. - Approx. ed.) develops the image of an ignorant young Russian who can be drawn into dangerous game... There is an appeal to the probable future, the topic under discussion is inflated to a global scale, and the organizers of the rallies immediately become enemies of the country, encroaching on its future. Bursting into dialogue with sensitive issues and claims of Sergei Ivanenko (a member of the Yabloko party. - Approx. ed.) the presenter neutralizes with the following argument: “You are a democrat? Say you respect the laws? So respect the laws of our studio. " The presenter says this with a dismissive tone, which weakens Ivanenko's statement and oratorical image.

TV show employee

Was the choice of the topic influenced by the fact that on the Internet the central channels were criticized for hushing up the protest action? Usually, they react selectively to criticism on the Internet, there is no system as such. It was rather the gravitation of the host Sheinin. It cannot be argued that the management of the programs is constantly offended by the criticism of the Internet and they run to give "our answer to Chamberlain."

The presenter appeals to the words of director Alexander Sokurov, without saying a word that this phrase was taken, and also without mentioning that Sokurov has repeatedly criticized the actions of the Russian authorities.

Leonid Smekhov

The presenter undertakes to assert that a decision on the correct reaction of society to rallies is formed on his program. And again a statement about the lack of understanding, stupidity of young people: once they go to a rally, it means that there is a wind in their heads.

Look: even such worthy and recognized people as Sokurov were able to involve. He proposes to divide the protesters into those who cannot be touched under any circumstances, and the others who can be touched. And now we will prove that everyone should be touched. Here are cute girls on the video. Here they are sitting. But a building in Odessa is on fire. This kind of innuendo is called a sandwich. We take known fact- the girls at the rally, we take another well-known fact - the burned down house of trade unions in Odessa, and between them we put an unknown and unverifiable fact: the statement that the house was burned down by these girls as well. The trick is usually convincing.

TV show employee

The system of taking phrases out of context, unfortunately, is constantly practiced. Those who make the program realize that the person whose statement was distorted will never come to the program. And if he would not have gone anyway, then his hands are generally untied.

"Time Will Show" on Channel One

July 21, 2017 release. Topic: "Why don't we give birth?" The broadcast about the decline in the birth rate in recent years begins with a discussion of the host's recent vacation in Crimea.

Leonid Smekhov

Sifting through the facts again: we talk about one thing, we omit the other. There is a curious moment in the discussion of Crimea: the childhood memories of the hosts about the taste of peaches. First, these memories should elicit the same reaction in target audience programs - consent, warm memories, nostalgia, and at the same time a desire to agree with the position of the hosts. And secondly, these memories are presented with an emphasis on the kinesthetic channel of perception: taste, sensations of juice flowing from a ripe fruit. This is done so that the viewer's imagination draws the right pictures, and does not deal with the issues of prices and congestion of beaches.

Negative questions are minimized, although slightly labeled for credibility. But in general, everyone in Crimea is happy, the region is bursting with fruits, tourists and people happy from joining Russia. A very pleasant picture is being created, from which the transition to a painful topic - a decrease in the birth rate in the country - turns out to be rather mild. We are already talking about a global and serious problem, but the imagination still draws a hand on which peach juice flows.