History: Russian State Library. Free theses rgb

23.04.2019

Making simple and quick homemade cookies

Chinese Seafood Noodles Japanese Seafood Noodle Recipe

Korean Zucchini - The Most Delicious Cooking Recipes

Russian State Library(FGBU RSL) - the national library of the Russian Federation, the largest public library in Russia and continental Europe and one of the largest libraries in the world; a leading research institution in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology, a methodological and advisory center for Russian libraries of all systems (except for special and scientific and technical ones), a center for recommendatory bibliography.

Collegiate YouTube

Story

Library of the Rumyantsev Museum

The Rumyantsev Museum, established in 1828 and founded in 1831 in St. Petersburg, has been part of the Imperial Public Library since 1845. The museum was in dire straits. The curator of the Rumyantsev Museum V.F. Odoevsky proposed to transport the Rumyantsev collections to Moscow, where they would be in demand and preserved. Odoevsky's note about the plight of the Rumyantsev Museum, addressed to the Minister of the State Court, "accidentally" saw N. V. Isakov and gave it a go.

The curators of the department of manuscripts and early printed books, with which throughout its history the library was especially closely connected, were A. Ye. Viktorov, D. P. Lebedev, S. O. Dolgov. DP Lebedev in -1891 - first assistant to A. Ye. Viktorov in the department of manuscripts, and after the death of Viktorov replaced him as the keeper of the department.

In the same year, a 50-meter vertical conveyor for the transport of books was commissioned, an electric train and a belt conveyor were launched to deliver requests from the reading rooms to the book depository. Work has begun on serving readers with photocopies. For reading microfilms, a small office was organized, equipped with two Soviet and one American apparatus.

V.I. Nevsky made sure that the authorities made a decision on the need for construction. He also laid the first stone in the foundation of the new building. It became the standard of the "Stalinist Empire" style. The authors combined Soviet monumentalism and neoclassical forms. The building harmoniously blended into the architectural environment - the Kremlin, Moscow University, Manege, Pashkov House.

The building is lavishly decorated. Between the pylons of the facade there are bronze bas-reliefs depicting scientists, philosophers, and writers: Archimedes, Copernicus, Gallileo, I. Newton, M.V. Lomonosov, Ch. Darwin, A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol. The sculptural frieze over the main portico was made mainly according to the drawings of the academician of architecture and theatrical artist V.A.Shchuko. M. G. Manizer, N. V. Krandievskaya, V. I. Mukhina, S. V. Evseev, V. V. Lishev took part in the design of the Library. The conference hall was designed by the architect A.F. Khryakov.

For the facing of the facades, limestone and solemn black granite were used, for the interiors - marble, bronze, oak wall panels.

In 1957-1958, the construction of buildings "A" and "B" was completed. The war prevented the completion of all work on schedule. The construction and development of the library complex, which includes several buildings, lasted until 1960.

In 2003, an advertising structure in the form of the Uralsib logo was installed on the roof of the building. In May 2012, the structure, which had become "one of the dominant features of the historical center of Moscow", was dismantled.

Main book depository

Library funds

The fund of the Russian State Library originates from the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev, which included more than 28 thousand books, 710 manuscripts, more than 1000 maps.

In the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum" it was written that the director is obliged to ensure that all literature published on the territory of Russian Empire... So, since 1862, the Library began to receive a legal copy. 80% of the fund until 1917 were legal deposit receipts. Donations and donations have become the most important source of replenishment for the fund.

A year and a half after the founding of the Museums, the Library fund amounted to 100 thousand items. And on January 1 (13), 1917, the Library of the Rumyantsev Museum had 1 million 200 thousand storage units.

At the time of the beginning of the work of the Interdepartmental Commission, headed by the USSR Glavlit, to revise publications and rearrange them from special storage departments to open funds in 1987 the fund of the special storage department consisted of about 27 thousand domestic books, 250 thousand foreign books, 572 thousand issues of foreign magazines, about 8.5 thousand annual sets of foreign newspapers.

Central main fund has more than 29 million items of storage: books, magazines, continuing editions, documents for official use. It is the basic collection in the subsystem of the main documentary funds of the RSL. The fund was formed on the basis of the collection principle. More than 200 private book collections of Russian scientists, culture, education, prominent bibliophiles and collectors of Russia are of particular value.

Central reference and bibliographic fund has more than 300 thousand storage units. The content of the documents included in it is universal. The fund contains a significant collection of abstract, bibliographic and reference publications in Russian, languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign languages(except for the eastern ones). Retrospective bibliographic indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books, guidebooks are widely represented in the fund.

Central subsidiary fund completes and quickly provides readers in open access mode with the most popular printed publications in Russian, issued by the central publishing houses of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The fund contains a large collection of scientific, reference and educational literature. In addition to books, it includes magazines, brochures, newspapers.

Electronic library of the RSL is a collection of electronic copies of valuable and most requested publications from the collections of the RSL, from external sources and documents originally created in electronic form. The volume of the fund at the beginning of 2013 is about 900 thousand documents and is constantly being replenished. The full range of resources is available in the reading rooms of the RSL. Access to documents is provided in accordance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

The RSL electronic library includes open access resources that can be freely read on the Internet from anywhere the globe, and resources of limited access, which can be read only within the walls of the RSL, from any reading room.

There are about 600 Virtual Reading Rooms (VChZ) in Russia and the CIS countries. They are in national and regional libraries, as well as in libraries of universities and other educational institutions... VChZ make it possible to access and work with documents of the RSL, including those with limited access resources. Providing this function is DefView software, the predecessor of the more modern Vivaldi digital library network.

Fund of manuscripts is a universal collection of written and graphic manuscripts in different languages, including Old Russian, Ancient Greek, Latin. It contains handwritten books, archival collections and funds, personal (family, ancestral) archives. Documents, the earliest of which date back to the 6th century AD. e., made on paper, parchment, and other specific materials. The fund contains the rarest handwritten books: the Arkhangelsk Gospel (1092), the Khitrovo Gospel (late 14th - early 15th centuries), etc.

Fund of rare and valuable publications has more than 300 thousand storage units. It includes printed publications in Russian and foreign languages, corresponding to certain social and value parameters - uniqueness, priority, memoriality, collectibility. The fund, in terms of the content of the documents included in it, is universal in nature. It presents printed books from the middle of the 16th century, Russian periodicals, including "Moskovskie vedomosti" (from 1756), publications of the Slavic first printers Sh. Fiol, F. Skorina, I. Fedorov and P. Mstislavets, collections of incunabula and paleotypes , the first editions of the works of J. Bruno, Dante, R. G. de Clavijo, N. Copernicus, archives of N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, A. P. Chekhov, A. A. Blok, M. A. Bulgakov and others.

Dissertation Fund includes domestic doctoral and master's theses in all branches of knowledge, except medicine and pharmacy. The collection contains author's copies of dissertations -2010 years, as well as microforms of dissertations, made instead of originals -1950s. The fund is preserved as part of the cultural heritage of Russia.

Fund of Newspapers, which includes more than 670 thousand storage units, is one of the largest collections in Russia and the post-Soviet space. It includes domestic and foreign newspapers published since the 18th century. The most valuable part of the fund is Russian pre-revolutionary newspapers and publications of the first years of Soviet power.

Military Literature Fund has more than 614 thousand storage units. It includes printed and electronic publications in Russian and foreign languages. Wartime documents are presented - front-line newspapers, posters, leaflets, texts for which were composed by the classics of Soviet literature I. G. Erenburg, S. V. Mikhalkov, S. Ya. Marshak, M. V. Isakovsky.

Fund of literature in oriental languages(countries of Asia and Africa) includes domestic and most scientifically and practically significant foreign publications in 224 languages, reflecting a variety of topics, genres, types of printing design. The most complete sections of the social-political and humanitarian sciences are presented in the fund. It includes books, magazines, continuing publications, newspapers, speech recordings.

Specialized fund of current periodicals formed to quickly serve readers with current periodicals. Duplicate copies of Russian periodicals are in the public domain. The collection contains domestic and foreign magazines, as well as the most requested central and Moscow newspapers in Russian. After the expiration of the established period, the journals are transferred for permanent storage to the Central Fixed Fund.

Fund for publishing, numbering about 1.5 million copies. This collection includes posters and prints, prints and prints, reproductions and postcards, photographs and graphics. The Foundation introduces in detail the personal collections of famous collectors, including portraits, bookplates, works of applied graphics.

Fund of cartographic publications has about 250 thousand storage units. This specialized collection, including atlases, maps, plans, schematic maps and globes, provides material on topics, types of such publications and forms of presentation of cartographic information.

Fund of music publications and sound recordings(more than 400 thousand items) is one of the largest collections representing the most significant in the world repertoire, starting from the 16th century. The music fund has both original documents and copies. It also includes documents on electronic media. The fund of sound recordings contains shellac and vinyl gramophone records, cassettes, tape recorders of domestic producers, DVD.

Foundation of Official and Regulatory Publications is a specialized collection of official documents and publications of international organizations, public authorities and government Russian Federation and individual foreign countries, official regulations and production documents, publications of Rosstat. The total volume of the fund exceeds 2 million units of storage, presented in paper and electronic forms, as well as on other micro-carriers.

V fund of literature of the Russian diaspora, numbering more than 700 thousand items of storage, the works of authors of all waves of emigration are presented. Its most valuable component is the collection of newspapers published in the lands occupied by the White Army during the Civil War, others were published in the occupied territories of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The fund contains the works of the leaders of the national human rights movement.

Network Remote Resources Foundation has more than 180 thousand items. It includes resources of other organizations located on remote servers, to which the library issues permanent or temporary access. In terms of the content of the documents included in the fund, it is universal in nature.

Optical CD Foundation(CD and DVD) - one of the youngest collections of documents of the RSL. The fund has more than 8 thousand storage units of various kinds and destination. Includes text, sound and multimedia documents that are original publications or electronic counterparts to printed publications. The content of the documents included in it is universal.

Fund of literature on library science, bibliography and bibliology is the world's largest specialized collection of this kind of publications. It also includes language dictionaries, encyclopedias and general reference books, literature on related fields of knowledge. The 170 thousand documents in the collection cover the period from the 18th century to the present. The publications of the Russian State Library are allocated to a separate collection.

Fund of working copies of microforms has about 3 million storage units. It includes microforms of publications in Russian and foreign languages. The microforms of newspapers and dissertations, as well as publications that do not have paper equivalents, but correspond to such parameters as value, uniqueness, and high demand, are partially represented.

Domestic Book Exchange Fund, included in the subsystem of the RSL exchange funds, has more than 60 thousand storage units. These are doublet and non-core documents excluded from the main funds - books, brochures, periodicals in Russian and foreign languages. The fund is intended to be redistributed through a gift, equivalent exchange and sale.

Fund of unpublished documents and deposited scientific works on culture and art has more than 15 thousand storage units. It includes deposited scientific works and unpublished documents - reviews, abstracts, references, bibliographic lists, methodological and methodical-bibliographic materials, scripts of holidays and mass performances, materials of conferences and meetings. The foundation's documents are of great industry-wide significance.

Russian State Library

	national scientific public library
	Moscow, rn Arbat, st. Vozdvizhenka, 3/5
Founded:



Fund composition:	books, periodicals, sheet music, sound recordings, art publications, cartographic publications, electronic publications, scientific works, documents, etc.
Fund size:	44.8 million units 2012)
Mandatory copy:	all duplicated documents published on the territory of Russia
Access and use:
Recording conditions:	100 rubles, to all citizens of the Russian Federation and other states who have reached the age of 18. Students of higher educational institutions can enroll in the RSL from any age
Issued annually:	15.7 million account units (2012)
Service:	8.4 million hits (2012)
Number of readers:	93.1 thousand people (2012)
Other information:
	1.74 billion rubles (2012)
Director:	A. I. Visly
Employees:

Directors

Organizational structure

Library building complex

Pashkov house

Main building

Main book depository

The international cooperation

Cultural influence

Interesting Facts

Russian State Library(FGBU RSL) - federal state state-financed organization, the National Library of the Russian Federation, the largest public library in Russia and continental Europe and one of the largest libraries in the world; a leading research institution in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology, a methodological and advisory center for Russian libraries of all systems (except for special and scientific and technical ones), a center for recommendatory bibliography.

Founded on June 19 (July 1) 1862 as part of the Moscow public Rumyantsev Museum. Since the time of formation, he has been receiving obligatory copies of domestic publications. On January 24, 1924, it was renamed into the Russian Library. V.I. Lenin. On February 6, 1925, it was transformed into the State Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin, since January 22, 1992 it bears its modern name.

Story

On May 23 (June 5), 1861, the Committee of Ministers adopted a resolution on the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum to Moscow and on the creation of the Moscow Public Museum. In 1861, the acquisition and organization of funds began and the transfer of the Rumyantsev collections from St. Petersburg to Moscow.

A significant role in the formation of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums belonged to St. Petersburg libraries, and above all to the Imperial Public Library, whose director M.A.Korf personally instructed V.F. wishing to "show a new sign of his sincere sympathy and assistance for the further success of the Moscow Public Library, he petitioned for the circulation of books in it."

In his letter dated July 28, 1861, M. A. Korf wrote to N. V. Isakov that “he considers it an honor to be a participant in the founding of a public library in Moscow”. Following the Imperial Public Library, other libraries and organizations in St. Petersburg assisted the Library of Museums in its formation. The Russian Academy of Sciences, the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, the Department of the General Staff helped the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums and the Library in the early years of their formation.

Many volumes of Russian, foreign, early printed books from the doublets of the Imperial Public Library in boxes with registers, catalog cards were sent to the newly created library in Moscow. The duplicates from the funds of the Imperial Hermitage transferred to the Imperial Public Library were also sent here.

With the support of the Minister of Public Education E.P. Kovalevsky, Governor-General P.A.Tuchkov and the trustee of the Moscow educational district N.V. Isakov invited all Muscovites to take part in the formation of the newly created Museum of Sciences and Arts. They turned for help from Moscow societies - Noble, Merchant, Meshchansky, publishing houses, and individual citizens. Many Muscovites volunteered to help the long-awaited Library and Museums. More than 300 book and manuscript collections, some valuable gifts were included in the fund of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums.

On June 19 (July 1), 1862, Emperor Alexander II approved the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum", which became the first legal document that determined the management, structure, directions of activity, admission to the Museum Library of a legal deposit, staffing table for the first time created in Moscow public Museum with public library, which was part of this Museum.

In addition to the Library, the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums included departments of manuscripts, rare books, Christian and Russian antiquities, departments of fine arts, ethnographic, numismatic, archaeological, mineralogical departments.

On the basis of the book and manuscript collections of the Moscow and Rumyantsev museums, a book and manuscript fund was created.

In 1869, Emperor Alexander II approved the first and only Charter of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums until 1917, and the Statute on the States of the Museums.

In the first 56 years of the history of the Museums, they served here: full-time ranks; persons seconded to study at the Museums assigned to the Ministry of Public Education; supernumerary 10th grade officials; lower servants; freelancers from pay for hire; persons who worked for the benefit of the Museums free of charge. The first women on the staff of the Museums appeared only in 1917. Before that, they were only in the composition of free workers and lower servants.

The post of duty officer at the Reading Room for the last quarter of the 19th century was occupied by the philosopher, the founder of Russian cosmism, N.F. He helped the readers with an attentive attitude to their requests and in conversations with them. KE Tsiolkovsky considered Fedorov his "university". LN Tolstoy said that he was proud of the fact that he lived at the same time as NF Fedorov. In 1898 N.F. Fedorov submitted his resignation letter.

During the ministry of NF Fedorov, the curators of the Museum departments were: N. G. Kerzelli (1870-1880 - curator of the Dashkov Ethnographic Museum at the Museums; full member of many Russian scientific societies) continued the work of K. K. Hertz, curator of the collection of fine arts; GD Filimonov (1870-1898 - curator of the department of Christian and Russian antiquities of the Museums, full member of many Russian and foreign scientific societies); the keeper of the ethnographic cabinet KI Renard continued to work; V.F. Miller (1885-1897 - curator of the Dashkovsky Ethnographic Museum, an ordinary professor at Moscow University in the Department of Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit Language), left his service at the Moscow Public and Rumyatsevo Museums on the occasion of his appointment as director of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, ordinary academician Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1911) I. V. Tsvetaev, who worked in the Museums in 1882-1910.

AE Viktorov, DP Lebedev, S. O. Dolgov. D.P. Lebedev in 1879-1891 - first assistant to A.E. Viktorov in the department of manuscripts, and after the death of Viktorov replaced him as the curator of the department.

Historian and archaeographer D.P. Lebedev made a great contribution to the disclosure and description of manuscript collections from the collections of the Museums, including the collection of his mentor and teacher A.E. Viktorov. O. Dolgov, historian, archaeologist, archeographer, author of many scientific works, in 1883-1892 - assistant curator of the department of manuscripts.

On December 31, 1894 (January 12, 1895), a patron appeared at the Museums for the first time. It was Emperor Nicholas II. From the very beginning, one of the Grand Dukes became the trustee of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. Members of the imperial family were elected honorary members of the Museums. They often visited Museums, leaving notes in the Book of Distinguished Guests.

In 1913, the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was celebrated. The celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums was also timed to this time. The imperial family made a great contribution to the development of the book and manuscript fund of museums.

In accordance with the highest solution, The Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums began to be called Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum... In connection with the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, the State Duma, during the discussion of the anniversary events, decided to create the All-Russian folk museum", The role of which were called to play the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums. From the same year, the Museum Library began to receive money for the acquisition of the fund for the first time.

In February 1917, the Imperial Moscow and Rumyantsev Museum was renamed into State Rumyantsev Museum (RM).

The return of the capital to Moscow in March 1918 changed the status of the State Russian Museum Library, which soon became the main library of the country.

In 1918, an interlibrary loan and a bibliographic reference bureau were organized in the State Russian Museum Library.

In 1919, by a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the State Rumyantsev Museum was allocated significant funds for its development, which made it possible to increase the staff, create scientific departments, attract leading scientists to work, start creating new Soviet tables of library and bibliographic classification, and building a systematic catalog on their basis.

By the early 1920s, the State Russian Museum Library was already an established cultural and scientific center.

In 1920, a secret department was created in the Library, access to the funds of which was limited. In this section, books were preserved whose owners left Russia after the revolution, books by prominent scientists, writers from the "philosophical ship" of 1922, members of numerous groups and associations of cultural figures from the RAPP to the unions of the bourgeois intelligentsia, victims of the struggle against formalism in literature and art , many repressed. In the context of radical changes in the class structure of Soviet society, ideological cleansing, repressions, the Library managed to preserve its special storage fund.

In 1921 the Library becomes a state book depository. The library took part in the implementation of the 1918 CEC Resolution "On the Protection of Libraries and Book Deposits", including abandoned, ownerless, nationalized book collections in its funds. Due to this, the Library's fund from 1 million 200 thousand units on January 1 (13), 1917 grew to 4 million units, which were required not only to be placed on insufficient areas, but also to be processed, made available to readers.

Taking advantage of the favorable conditions provided to it as the main library of the country (Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars dated July 14, 1921 "On the procedure for acquiring and distributing foreign literature", other decrees), the Library is working on the acquisition of foreign literature and, above all, foreign periodicals.

Creation of the USSR, formation of a multinational Soviet culture predetermined one of the most important areas of acquisition of the Library fund - collection of literature in all written languages of the peoples of the USSR. An Eastern department was created with a sector of literature of the peoples of the USSR, processing of this literature was organized in a short time, an appropriate system of catalogs was created, processing of literature and catalogs were as close to the reader as possible.

The receipt by the Library since 1922 of two obligatory copies of all printed publications on the territory of the state made it possible, among other things, to promptly provide readers not only with literature in the languages of the peoples of the USSR, but also its translations into Russian.

In 1924, on the basis of the State Rumyantsev Museum, Russian Public Library named after V.I.Ulyanov (Lenin)... Since 1925 it has been called State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin (GBL).

On May 3, 1932, by the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, the Library was included in the number of research institutions of republican significance.

In the early days of the Great Patriotic War On June 27, 1941, a resolution was adopted by the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (6) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the procedure for the removal and deployment of human contingents and valuable property." The library immediately began preparations for the evacuation of its most valuable collections. The Director of the Library, N.N. Yakovlev, was appointed an authorized person of the People's Commissariat for the evacuation of library and museum valuables from Moscow. About 700 thousand items were evacuated from Leninka (rare and especially valuable publications, manuscripts). Selected and packed books and manuscripts, first near Nizhny Novgorod, then to Molotov, were accompanied by a group of GBL employees.

During the incomplete first war year (July 1941 - March 1942), the Library sends 546 letters with an offer of exchange to various countries, primarily in English, and consent was obtained from a number of countries.

In 1942 the Library had book exchange relations with 16 countries, with 189 organizations. The exchange was most intensive with England and the United States.

In May 1942, for a more complete accounting and bringing into an appropriate system the most important bibliographic resources - catalogs and card files, the Library began their certification, completing it even before the end of the war. Work was underway to create a Consolidated Catalog of Foreign Publications of Moscow Libraries.

In 1943, the department of children's and youth literature was created.

In 1944, the Library's holdings were re-evacuated and placed on the Library's storage shelves. In the same year, the Book of Honor and the Board of Honor were established.

In February 1944, the Department of Hygiene and Restoration was established in the Library with a research laboratory attached to it.

Since 1944, the issue of transferring candidate and doctoral dissertations to the Library has been resolved. The fund was actively recruited through the purchase of antique domestic and world literature.

On March 29, 1945, the Library was awarded the Order of Lenin for outstanding services in collecting and storing book funds and serving the broad masses of the population with books (in connection with the 20th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Museum Library into the V.I.Lenin State Library of the USSR). At the same time, orders and medals were awarded to a large group of employees of the Library.

In 1946, the question of creating a consolidated catalog of Russian books was raised.

On April 18, 1946, the first reading conference in the history of the Library took place in the conference hall.

In 1947, the "Provisions on the Consolidated Catalog of Russian Books of the Largest Libraries of the USSR" and "Work Plan for Compiling a Consolidated Catalog of the Russian Books of the Largest Libraries of the USSR" were approved; M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, the Library of the Academy of Sciences, the All-Union Book Chamber and GBL, a sector of consolidated catalogs is being organized within the GBL processing department, work has begun on preparing a base for a consolidated catalog of Russian books of the 19th century.

On December 30, 1952, the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the new "Charter of the State Order of V. I. Lenin of the USSR Library named after V.I. V. I. Lenin ".

In April 1953, in connection with the formation of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR and the dissolution of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Library was transferred from the jurisdiction of the Committee for Cultural and Educational Institutions under the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR to the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR.

In 1955, the Cartographic Sector began to issue and distribute a printed card for the maps and atlases entering the Library on legal deposit. In the same year, the international subscription was renewed.

In 1956, the First All-Union Seminar on the Study of the LBC took place in Moscow. The Library began to systematize new acquisitions according to the LBC and organized the second row of the catalog.

In 1957-1958, reading rooms No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 were opened in the new premises.

In 1959, by order of the Ministry of Culture of the RSFSR, an editorial board was formed to publish the LBC tables. During 1960-1968, 25 issues (in 30 books) of the first edition of the LBC tables for scientific libraries.

In 1959-1960, a system of branch reading rooms was formed, auxiliary funds of scientific rooms were transferred to an open access system. In the mid-1960s, the Library had 22 reading rooms with 2330 seats.

In 1962-1967, a consolidated catalog of Russian books of the civil press of the 18th century was published in 5 volumes.

In 1964 the Library was transferred to the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Culture.

On February 6, 1973, according to the order of the Minister of Culture of the USSR No. 72, the new charter of the GBL was approved.

In 1973, the Lenin Library was awarded the highest award of Bulgaria - the Order of George Dimitrov.

In February 1975, the 50th anniversary of the transformation of the Rumyantsev Public Library into the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin.

In 1991, the Library became one of the main organizers of the LVII IFLA session in Moscow.

On January 22, 1992, by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, GBL was transformed into Russian State Library... However, there is still a slab with the old name above the central entrance to the Library. To this day, the Library bears the unofficial name "Leninka".

In 1993, the department of art publications became one of the founders of the Moscow Association of Art Libraries (MABIS).

In 1995 the Library starts the project "Cultural Heritage of Russia" ("Memory of Russia").

In 1996, the "Strategy for the Modernization of the Russian State Library" was approved.

On March 3, 2001, the new Charter of the RSL was approved. Introduction of new media, information technologies changes technological processes.

Directors

1910-1921 - Vasily Dmitrievich Golitsyn
1921-1924 - Anatoly Kornelievich Vinogradov
1924-1924 - Dmitry Nikolaevich Egorov is at the head of the temporary commission
1924-1935 - Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky
1935-1939 - Rozmirovich Elena Fedorovna
1939-1943 - Nikolay Nikiforovich Yakovlev
1943-1953 - Vasily Grigorievich Olishev
1953-1959 - Pavel Mikhailovich Bogachev
1959-1969 - Ivan Petrovich Kondakov
1969-1972 - Ogan Stepanovich Chubaryan
1972-1979 - Nikolay Mikhailovich Sikorsky
1979-1990 - Nikolay Semenovich Kartashov
1990-1992 - Anatoly Petrovich Volik
1992-1996 - Igor Svyatoslavovich Filippov
1996 - Tatiana Viktorovna Ershova
1996-1998 - Vladimir Konstantinovich Egorov
1998-2009 - Victor Vasilievich Fedorov
from 2009 - Alexander Ivanovich Visly

Organizational structure

Fund System Management (FSM):

Fixed assets storage department (FB);
Department of Acquisition of Russian Literature (OOK);
Acquisition department foreign literature(OIC);
Department of acquisition of network remote resources (RMS);
Exchange and Reserve Funds Division (RUF);

Department of Specialized Departments (USO):

Department of Publishing (Fine Arts);
Department of Cartographic Publications (KGR);
Department of Microforms (OMF);
Department of Music Publications and Sound Recordings (MZ);
Research Department of Rare Books (Book Museum) (MK);
Research Department of Manuscripts (R&D);
Department of Military Literature (OVL);
Department of Literature of the Russian Diaspora and Publications of the DSP (RZ);
Department of Official and Regulatory Publications (OFN);
Department of Literature in Library Science, Bibliography and Bibliology (OBL);
Department of Electronic Library (OEB);
Center for Oriental Literature (CVL);

Khimki Complex Administration (UHK):

Department of Newspapers (OG);
Department of Dissertation (OD);

Directory System Management (USK):

Cataloging Department (OKZ);
Pre-cataloging Department (PIC);
Department of the organization and use of catalogs (ORK);

Office of Automation and Library Technologies (UABT):

Support department for automated information library systems(OPA);
Research Department for the Development of Computer Technologies and Linguistic Support (RKT);
Research Department for Support of Machine Readable Data Formats (FDM);
Technological department (TO);

Information Resources Directorate (IRD):

Department "National Electronic Library" (NEB);
Department of Support for Electronic Libraries (OPEB);
Scanning Department (OSK);
Scanning quality control department (QCD);
Department of Development and Use of Cognitive Technologies (RICT);

Information Technology Directorate (ITU):

Computer Systems Research Department (ICS);
Department of technical support for access to electronic resources (ODS);
Internet Technologies Support Department (OPIT);
Software Support Division (OPPO);
Research Center for the Development of Library and Bibliographic Classification (SIC LBC);
Department of Library Services (OBS);
Department of the use of electronic resources (IER);
Department of Reference and Bibliographic Services (SBO);
Center for IBA and Document Delivery (TsADD);
Research Department of Library Science (OBV);
Scientific Research Department of Bibliology (OKV);
Research Department of Bibliography (OBG);
Research Center for Culture and Arts (SRC KI);
Exhibition Organization Department (OVR);
Department of Interlibrary Cooperation with Libraries of Russia and CIS Countries (MBRS);
Department of Foreign Library Science and International Library Relations (MBS);
Postgraduate and additional training center vocational education specialists (UCH);

Editorial and publishing department of periodicals (RIOPI);

Editorial office of the magazine "Vostochnaya kollekciya" (ZhVK);

Department of Material and Technical Support (UMTO):

Research Center for Conservation and Restoration of Documents (NICKD);
Printing Department (OP);
Department of Microphotocopying (OMF);
Department of material and technical supply (OMTS);
Customs Clearance Sector (STO).

Library building complex

Pashkov house

In 1861, the Pashkov House was transferred to store the collections and the library of the Rumyantsev Museum. In 1921, in connection with the receipt of more than 400 private libraries, requisitioned by the Soviet government, into the museum after the revolution, all departments of the museum were withdrawn from the Pashkov House. A library remained in it, which was later transformed into the Public Library of the USSR. V.I. Lenin. The building was set aside for the department of rare manuscripts. In 1988-2007, the Pashkov house was not used due to the repairs carried out there.

Main building

With the transformation of the Library of the State Rumyantsev Museum into the State Library of the USSR named after V. I. Lenin, a huge number of book receipts and high status, demanded innovations. First of all, the expansion of the area. In 1926, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR recognized “the existing building Lenin Library inappropriate to its work and meaning. "

In 1927-1929, a competition was held in three stages for best project... Preference was given to the project of architects V.G. Gelfreikh and V.A. Shchuko, despite the fact that they did not participate in the competition. Their work was appreciated by the Director of the Library V. I. Nevsky.

The building is lavishly decorated. Between the pylons of the facade there are bronze bas-reliefs depicting scientists, philosophers, and writers: Archimedes, Copernicus, Gallileo, I. Newton, M.V. Lomonosov, Ch. Darwin, A.S. Pushkin, N.V. Gogol. The sculptural frieze over the main portico was made mainly according to the drawings of the academician of architecture and theatrical artist V.A.Shchuko. M.G. Manizer, N. V. Krandievskaya, V. I. Mukhina, S. V. Evseev, V. V. Lishev. The conference hall was designed by the architect A.F. Khryakov.

Limestone and solemn black granite were used for facing the facades, for interiors - marble, bronze, oak wall panels.

On May 15, 1935, in the immediate vicinity of the Library, one of the first stations of the Moscow metro was opened, called the Lenin Library.

Main book depository

In the late 1930s, a 19-storey book depository was built, with a total area of almost 85,000 m². A lattice grid is laid between the tiers of the vault, allowing the building to support the weight of millions of books.

The development of the new book depository began in 1941. The building, designed for 20 million storage units, was not fully completed. The war was going on, and the question of evacuating the library funds arose. The Library's management asked the government to authorize the early transfer of books from the fire-hazardous Pashkov House (many wooden floors) to a new reinforced concrete building. Permission has been obtained. The move lasted 90 days.

In 1997, the Russian Ministry of Finance allocated an investment loan of $ 10 million from France for the reconstruction of the RSL. Literature was never taken out of the storehouse. A phased system was in place. The books were transferred to other tiers, stacked and covered with a special fire protection cloth. As soon as the work on this site was over, they returned to the place.

For several years, radical changes have taken place in the building of the book depository: power equipment and electric lighting have been replaced; air supply units, refrigeration units and exhaust units were installed and launched; implemented modern system fire extinguishing and laid a local computer network. The work was carried out without the removal of funds.

In 1999, an advertising structure in the form of a logo was installed on the roof of the building. Samsung... On January 9, 2013, the structure, which had become "one of the dominant features of the historical center of Moscow", was dismantled.

Library funds

The fund of the Russian State Library originates from the collection of N.P. Rumyantsev, which included more than 28 thousand books, 710 manuscripts, more than 1000 maps.

In the "Regulations on the Moscow Public Museum and the Rumyantsev Museum" it was written that the director was obliged to ensure that all literature published on the territory of the Russian Empire got into the Library of Museums. So, since 1862, the Library began to receive a legal copy. 80% of the fund until 1917 were legal deposit receipts. Donations and donations have become the most important source of replenishment for the fund.

At the time of the beginning of the work of the Interdepartmental Commission, headed by the USSR Glavlit, on revising publications and rearranging them from special storage departments to "open" funds in 1987, the fund of the special storage department consisted of about 27 thousand domestic books, 250 thousand foreign books, 572 thousand books. issues of foreign magazines, about 8.5 thousand annual sets of foreign newspapers.

As of January 1, 2013, the volume of the RSL funds amounted to 44.8 million accounting units; the funds included 18 million books, 13.1 million magazine issues, 697.2 thousand annual sets of newspapers in 367 languages of the world, 374 thousand units of sheet music, 152.4 thousand maps, 1.3 million units of isographics, 1, 1 million units of sheet text publications, 2.3 million units of special types of technical publications, 1,038.8 thousand dissertations, 579.6 thousand units of archival and handwritten materials, 11.9 thousand unpublished material on culture and arts, 37.4 thousand audiovisual documents, 3.3 million rolls of microfilms, 41.7 thousand electronic documents.

In accordance with Federal Law Of the Russian Federation of December 29, 1994, No. 77-FZ "On legal deposit of documents" The Russian State Library receives a mandatory hard copy of all copies of documents published on the territory of the Russian Federation.

The central main fund has more than 29 million storage units: books, magazines, continuing editions, documents for official use. It is the basic collection in the subsystem of the main documentary funds of the RSL. The fund was formed on the basis of the collection principle. More than 200 private book collections of Russian scientists, culture, education, prominent bibliophiles and collectors of Russia are of particular value.

The central reference and bibliographic fund has more than 300 thousand storage units. The content of the documents included in it is universal. The fund contains a significant collection of abstract, bibliographic and reference publications in Russian, languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation and foreign languages (with the exception of eastern ones). Retrospective bibliographic indexes, dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books, guidebooks are widely represented in the fund.

The central subsidiary fund completes and quickly provides readers in open access mode with the most popular printed publications in Russian, issued by the central publishing houses of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The fund contains a large collection of scientific, reference and educational literature. In addition to books, it includes magazines, brochures, newspapers.

The electronic library of the RSL is a collection of electronic copies of valuable and most requested publications from the collections of the RSL, from external sources and documents originally created in electronic form. The volume of the fund at the beginning of 2013 is about 900 thousand documents and is constantly being replenished. The full range of resources is available in the reading rooms of the RSL. Access to documents is provided in accordance with Part IV of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

The RSL electronic library includes open access resources that can be freely read on the Internet from anywhere in the world, and limited access resources that can be read only within the walls of the RSL, from any reading room.

There are about 600 Virtual Reading Rooms (VChZ) in Russia and the CIS countries. They are in national and regional libraries, as well as in libraries of universities and other educational institutions. VChZ make it possible to access and work with documents of the RSL, including those with limited access resources. Providing this function is DefView software, the predecessor of the more modern Vivaldi digital library network.

The fund of manuscripts is a universal collection of written and graphic manuscripts in different languages, including Old Russian, Ancient Greek, Latin. It contains handwritten books, archival collections and funds, personal (family, ancestral) archives. Documents, the earliest of which date back to the 6th century AD. e., made on paper, parchment, and other specific materials. The collection contains the rarest handwritten books: the Arkhangelsk Gospel (1092), the Khitrovo Gospel (late 14th - early 15th centuries), etc.

The fund of rare and valuable publications has more than 300 thousand items. It includes printed publications in Russian and foreign languages, corresponding to certain social and value parameters - uniqueness, priority, memoriality, collectibility. The fund, in terms of the content of the documents included in it, is universal in nature. It presents printed books from the middle of the 16th century, Russian periodicals, including "Moskovskie vedomosti" (from 1756), publications of the Slavic first printers Sh. Fiol, F. Skorina, I. Fedorov and P. Mstislavets, collections of incunabula and paleotypes , the first editions of the works of J. Bruno, Dante, R. G. de Clavijo, N. Copernicus, archives of N. V. Gogol, I. S. Turgenev, A. P. Chekhov, A. A. Blok, M. A. Bulgakov and others.

The dissertation fund includes domestic doctoral and master's theses in all branches of knowledge, except medicine and pharmacy. The collection contains author's copies of dissertations from 1951-2010, as well as microforms of dissertations made to replace the originals of the 1940-1950s. The fund is preserved as part of the cultural heritage of Russia.

The collection of newspapers, which includes more than 670 thousand items, is one of the largest collections in Russia and the post-Soviet space. It includes domestic and foreign newspapers published since the 18th century. The most valuable part of the fund is Russian pre-revolutionary newspapers and publications of the first years of Soviet power.

The collection of military literature has more than 614 thousand items. It includes printed and electronic publications in Russian and foreign languages. Wartime documents are presented - front-line newspapers, posters, leaflets, texts for which were composed by the classics Soviet literature I. G. Ehrenburg, S. V. Mikhalkov, S. Ya. Marshak, M. V. Isakovsky.

The collection of literature in oriental languages (Asian and African countries) includes domestic and most scientifically and practically significant foreign publications in 224 languages, reflecting a variety of topics, genres, types of printing design. The most complete sections of the social-political and humanitarian sciences are presented in the fund. It includes books, magazines, continuing publications, newspapers, speech recordings.

A specialized fund of current periodicals is formed to quickly service readers with current periodicals. Duplicate copies of Russian periodicals are in the public domain. The collection contains domestic and foreign magazines, as well as the most requested central and Moscow newspapers in Russian. After the expiration of the established period, the journals are transferred for permanent storage to the Central Fixed Fund.

The fund of art publications, numbering about 1.5 million copies. This collection includes posters and prints, prints and prints, reproductions and postcards, photographs and graphics. The Foundation introduces in detail the personal collections of famous collectors, including portraits, bookplates, works of applied graphics.

The fund of cartographic publications has about 250 thousand storage units. This specialized collection, including atlases, maps, plans, schematic maps and globes, provides material on topics, types of such publications and forms of presentation of cartographic information.

The Fund of Music Editions and Sound Recordings (more than 400 thousand items) is one of the largest collections representing the most significant in the world repertoire since the 16th century. The music fund has both original documents and copies. It also includes documents on electronic media. The fund of sound recordings contains shellac and vinyl gramophone records, cassettes, tapes of domestic producers, CDs, DVDs.

The Foundation of Official and Regulatory Publications is a specialized collection of official documents and publications of international organizations, government and administrative bodies of the Russian Federation and individual foreign countries, official regulatory and production documents, and Rosstat publications. The total volume of the fund exceeds 2 million units of storage, presented in paper and electronic forms, as well as on other micro-carriers.

The collection of literature from the Russian Diaspora, numbering more than 700 thousand items, contains works by authors of all waves of emigration. Its most valuable component is the collection of newspapers published in the lands occupied by the White Army during the Civil War, others were published in the occupied territories of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. The fund contains the works of the leaders of the national human rights movement.

The fund of network remote resources has more than 180 thousand items. It includes resources of other organizations located on remote servers, to which the library issues permanent or temporary access. In terms of the content of the documents included in the fund, it is universal in nature.

The collection of publications on optical compact discs (CDs and DVDs) is one of the youngest collections of documents of the RSL. The fund has more than 8 thousand storage units of various types and purposes. Includes text, sound and multimedia documents that are original publications or electronic counterparts to printed publications. The content of the documents included in it is universal.

The Fund for Literature in Library Science, Bibliography and Bibliology is the world's largest specialized collection of this kind of publications. It also includes language dictionaries, encyclopedias and general reference books, literature on related fields of knowledge. 170 thousand documents in the collection cover the period from the 18th century to the present. The publications of the Russian State Library are allocated to a separate collection.

The fund of working copies of microforms has about 3 million storage units. It includes microforms of publications in Russian and foreign languages. The microforms of newspapers and dissertations, as well as publications that do not have paper equivalents, but correspond to such parameters as value, uniqueness, and high demand, are partially represented.

The collection of domestic book exchange, which is part of the subsystem of exchange funds of the RSL, has more than 60 thousand storage units. These are doublet and non-core documents excluded from the main funds - books, brochures, periodicals in Russian and foreign languages. The fund is intended for redistribution through a gift, equivalent exchange and sale.

The fund of unpublished documents and deposited scientific works on culture and art numbers more than 15 thousand items. It includes deposited scientific works and unpublished documents - reviews, abstracts, references, bibliographic lists, methodological and methodical-bibliographic materials, scripts of holidays and mass performances, materials of conferences and meetings. The foundation's documents are of great industry-wide significance.

Library service

As of January 1, 2013, the information resources of the Library were used by about 93.1 thousand readers, who were issued annually up to 15.7 million documents. Every year the RSL is visited by 1.5 million Russian and foreign users, 7 thousand visitors a day. Their information service is carried out in 38 reading rooms with 1,746 seats (of which 499 are computerized). The Library's websites were visited in 2012 by 7.4 million users.

Reference and search apparatus

The Russian State Library has an extensive system of card catalogs and card indexes.

The General Systematic Catalog (GSK) contains systematized information about books and brochures on universal topics published in the 16th-20th centuries (until 1961). Its electronic version is available in the local network from five computers in the GSK premises.

The Central Catalog System (CSK) of the Library is intended for independent work readers when looking for information about the collections of the RSL. CSK includes the following directories:

2) an alphabetical catalog of books in Russian from 1980 to 2002;

4) an alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages from the 18th century to 1979;

5) an alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages from 1980 to 2002, which is also a consolidated catalog reflecting information about the collections of the largest libraries in Russia and some foreign countries;

6) a consolidated alphabetical catalog of books in foreign European languages from 1940 to 1979, which reflects information about the collections of the largest libraries of the Russian Federation (except for the collections of the RSL) and some foreign countries;

7) an alphabetical catalog of periodicals and continuing publications in Russian, reflecting information about the RSL fund from the 18th century to 2009.

8) an alphabetical catalog of periodicals and continuing publications in foreign European languages, reflecting information about the RSL fund from the 19th century to 2009.

9) a systematic catalog of books, reflecting information about books published in Russian and foreign European languages from 1980 to 2012.

10) a systematic catalog of books, reflecting information about publications in the languages of the peoples of the Russian Federation (except for Russian), Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Moldavian, Ukrainian and Estonian.

Alphabetical and systematic catalogs of specialized departments-fund-holders reflect the RSL collection for certain types of documents, information carriers and topics. The catalogs are managed by specialized departments and are located on the territory of the respective departments.

The unified electronic catalog (EC) of the RSL contains bibliographic records for all types of documents, including articles published in Russian and other languages in various media and in various chronological periods.

Research activities

The Russian State Library is a scientific center in the field of library science, bibliography and bibliology. Scientists of the RSL carry out projects such as: "Memory of Russia", "Identification, accounting and protection book monuments Of the Russian Federation ”,“ Coordinated acquisition of the funds of Russian libraries with documents from “rossiki” ”,“ National fund of official documents ”.

The development of theoretical and methodological foundations of library science, preparation of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of librarianship is underway.

In the research department of bibliography, bibliographic products (indexes, reviews, databases) of a national, scientific, auxiliary, professional and production, recommendatory nature are created, questions of theory, history, methodology, organization, technology and methods of bibliography are being developed.

The Library conducts interdisciplinary research on aspects of the history of book culture. The tasks of the book and reading research department include analytical support for the activities of the RSL as an instrument of state information policy, the development of culturological principles and methods for identifying especially valuable books and other documents, the introduction of relevant recommendations into the practice of the RSL, and the development of projects and programs for the disclosure of the RSL funds.

Research and practical work in the field of preservation and restoration of library documents, preservation of library documents, examination of fund depositories, consulting and methodological work.

The library has a training center for postgraduate and additional professional education of specialists, which provides educational activities according to the license Federal Service on supervision in the field of education and science No. 0010 dated May 29, 2012. The Center has a postgraduate course that trains personnel in the specialty 05.25.03 - Library Science, Bibliography and Bibliology. There is a Dissertation Council for awarding the academic degree of candidate and doctor of pedagogical sciences in the specialty 05.25.03 - Library science, bibliography and bibliology. The Dissertation Council is allowed to accept for defense dissertations in this scientific specialty in historical and pedagogical sciences.

Library editions

The library publishes a number of scientific special editions:

"Library in an era of change", an interdisciplinary digest. Publishes materials on the philosophical, cultural, informational aspects of librarianship, as well as global processes affecting it.
"Library Science", a scientific and practical journal about librarianship in the space of information culture. Founded in 1952 under the name "Libraries of the USSR. Work experience ". Since 1967, the journal was called "Libraries of the USSR", in 1973 it was transformed into a periodical "Soviet Library Science", since 1993 it has been given its present name. The magazine is addressed to librarians and information workers, librarians, bibliologists, teachers, graduate students, students of universities and colleges of culture and arts, universities, bibliophiles, etc.
"Librarianship - XXI century", scientific and practical collection, supplement to the journal "Library Science". Contains mainly materials of an applied nature about the work of libraries in Russia and abroad, analytical materials on topical issues librarianship, introduces new information resources.
"Bulletin of the Library Assembly of Eurasia", scientific and practical journal BAE and the Russian State Library. Founded in 1993 under the name "Information Bulletin of the Library Assembly of Eurasia", since 2000 it has been published under the current name. Publishes materials on intercultural and interlibrary relations of the CIS countries, libraries in the multicultural sphere, relations between Eurasianism and world cultures, national libraries, library informatization, library science and practice, etc.
"Oriental collection", a quarterly popular science illustrated magazine. Published since 1999. He publishes culturological, historical and religious studies articles and essays, archival documents, essays of travelers, reviews of Internet resources, presents collections of museums, book collections and individual publications, including those from the funds of the RSL.
"Book in the space of culture", scientific and practical collection, an annual supplement to the journal "Library Science". Contains materials on the history of book culture, the art of books, about libraries, bibliophiles and collectors, book collections, about contemporary issues book publishing, etc.
"Media Library and the World", a joint project of the Russian State Library, the French Embassy in Russia, the French Mediatheque cultural center in Moscow, the journals Bibliotekovedenie and Buethen de Bibliotheques de France, dedicated to the introduction of new information and communication technologies into the practice of libraries, providing access to information for all segments of the population of the two countries, the peculiarities of information and communication technologies at the stage of building an information society.
"News from the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions", a scientific and practical publication dedicated to the activities of IFLA.
"Observatory of Culture", a scientific information and analytical journal about cultural life in Russia and the world.
“Protection of Cultural Heritage: Problems and Solutions. ICOMOS Materials ", scientific and informational collection, published jointly with the Russian Committee of ICOMOS and the UNESCO Chair for the preservation of urban planning and architectural monuments.

The international cooperation

The Russian State Library is a member of many international and Russian library associations. The library carries out book-exchange relations with 545 partners in 62 countries of the world, annually holds international conferences, symposia, meetings on topical issues of development of library activities in the modern world, information activities of scientific libraries and information centers.

Since 1956, the Library has been the depository library of UNESCO publications. Since 1982 he has been a member of the International Association of Music Libraries, Archives and Document Centers. In 1992, the RSL became one of the co-founders of the Eurasia Library Assembly and became its headquarters. In 1996, an agreement on partnership and cooperation between the RSL and the Russian National Library (RNL) was approved. At the same time, the first meeting of the Cooperation Council took place. Since the same year, the Library has been participating in the Conference of European National Libraries. Since December 1, 1997, the Library has been a member of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions.

In 2006, by the decision of the Council of CIS Heads of Governments, the Library was given the status of the base organization of the CIS member states for cooperation in the field of librarianship. September 1, 2009 the RSL, the National Library of Russia and the Presidential Library. Boris N. Yeltsin signed a Memorandum of Cooperation.

Awards

Order of Lenin (March 29, 1945) - for outstanding services in collecting and storing book funds and serving the broad masses of the population with books.
Order of George Dimitrov (1973).
In 2008, the staff of the Russian State Library was awarded the Symbol of Science medal.
Gratitude of the President of the Russian Federation (December 28, 2009) - for a great contribution to the restoration and preservation of unique publications of Russian history and culture.

Cultural influence

In the film "Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears" (directed by V.V. Menshov, 1979), the heroine of I. Muravyova, Luda Sviridova, visited Leninka in search of a promising groom.
In the film "Phantom" (directed by Chris Gorak, 2011), a large militant group of people who survived an alien attack is based in the Library building.
The library appears as a location in Metro 2033 and Metro: Last Light (Faction Pack only). According to the plot, this is one of the most dangerous places in the City. The book Metro 2033 describes it as the best-preserved building in Moscow.

total length bookshelves RSL is about 275 km, exceeding the length of all lines of the Moscow Metro.
The Library Fund is kept in premises equal in area to 9 football fields.
A quick, minute look at each of the copies of the RSL storage will have to spend 79 years without sleep or rest.
Passengers of 4 trains can work simultaneously in the reading rooms and at the computerized places of the Library.
To transport the Library's computer park, you will need 25 trucks.

The RSL contacted me and offered to make a report about our main library, of course, I gladly agreed.

Within the walls of the Russian State Library there is a unique collection of domestic and foreign documents in 367 languages of the world. There are specialized collections of maps, sheet music, sound recordings, rare books, dissertations, newspapers and other types of publications. The library grants the right to use its reading rooms to all citizens of Russia and other states who have reached the age of 18. About 200 new readers sign up here every day. Almost 4 thousand people come to the RSL every day, and virtual reading rooms located in 80 cities of Russia and neighboring countries serve more than 8 thousand visitors every day.

Today is the first part of a long story about the Russian State Library. In it, you will learn how to borrow a book from the library, look at the vaults and the secret underground passage to the Kremlin.

01. First you need to come to the metro station. "Library named after Lenin ". It will not be renamed in any way. Previously, the RSL (Russian State Library) was also called “Library named after Lenin ". To get into the library you need to have library card, it is done in the second entrance. With you in hand: passport, student passport (if student) and 100 rubles for a photo. We fill out the questionnaire, press the button "electronic queue". The coupon comes out. Take it in your hands - it is yours. Numbers are lit on the board above special small offices. Wait for yours and come in. There, a specially trained woman will take your questionnaire and take a picture. You need to immediately decide on the reading room where you will be given books. It is not very clear how to do this without seeing the halls. In 5 minutes the plastic card will be ready. It takes no more than 10 minutes to get a library card.

02. Entrance. The RSL is guarded by a special police regiment. Turnstiles are one of the latest innovations in the library, which, however, was received ambiguously by the readers. Access is via the barcode on the library card. It is not allowed to carry books, cameras and large bags, they must be taken to the storage room.

03.

04. If you already have a list of references - that is, you know exactly what books you need, feel free to step into the hall of the card catalog.

05.

06. The funds of Leninka number over 43 million storage units. There are specialized collections of maps, sheet music, sound recordings, rare books, dissertations, newspapers and other types of publications.

07.

08. There are always consultants in the hall who will help you navigate the vast array of information.

09.

10.

11. After you have found the book you need in the catalog, you need to get a list of requirements from the consultant.

12. And rewrite all the information about the book into it.

13. For advanced readers, stands with the electronic catalog of the RSL are installed. I honestly tried to take something from Pushkin ...

14. I guess I was too worried because I got the book about potatoes. By the way, since the process of transferring the paper catalog into electronic form has not yet been completed, it does not contain all the books, so many are looking in the old fashioned way in the card index.

16. Once every 15 minutes, a pneumatic mail operator comes to pick up the request sheets.

17. The operator is hiding from prying eyes behind this cabinet.

18. And here is the point of pneumatic mail itself. The system was installed in the library back in the 70s.

19. The sheet is folded, placed in the "cartridge" and sent to the storage tier where the book you ordered is located. This is what the codes on the cards are for.

21. By the way, a requirement sheet is not always included in the cartridge. It can be used to send cigarettes, a pen or a love note. Before the new year, employees love to send sweets.

22. This is how the scheme of the receiving and dispatching station looks like.

23. Pneumatic tubes descend into the basements of the library. By the way, this is a secret passage to the Kremlin, but they asked not to write about it.

24. This is a pneumatic tube repairman. Sometimes negligent employees try to pass prohibited items (for example, pens), the cartridge can open and then, in order to find and remove the handle, it is necessary to allow pipes. Often the lids simply fly off the cartridges, it is also problematic to get them.

25. In the early 90s, this wonderful machine was installed. They say she can beat Kasparov at chess, but now she just runs the entire pneumatic tube network in the RSL.

26.

27. So, while your request is being processed, which is about 2 hours, you can go have some fun.

28.

29. For example, you can read periodicals - the RSL has all the magazines that are sold in print kiosks - for the current month as well. This can be done in the reading room of periodicals.

30. Five visitors open the doors of the Library every minute.

31. According to the “Law on legal deposit of documents, the Russian State Library is the place of storage of a legal deposit for all printed materials published in Russia.

32. The RSL also has an excellent dining room. Some come here just to drink tea in a warm, comfortable environment. Tea costs 13 rubles, but boiling water is free, some "readers" use it. By the way, the smell in the dining room does not allow you to stay there for too long.

33. While you are drinking tea and absorbing the aromas of home cooking, your request is processed in the book depository.

34. The total length of the RSL bookshelves is about 275 kilometers.

35. The ceilings are very low, once there was a case when a worker received a concussion, she was taken to the hospital.

36. There is a bike in the RSL that the ghost of Nikolai Rubakin lives in storage. At night, when the floors are locked and sealed with wax seals, night attendants hear someone walking, footsteps are clearly audible, doors open and close. Perhaps the fact is that in his will Rubakin indicated that he bequeathed his entire personal collection (which is 75,000 books) to the Lenin Library. After his death, they did so. Only together with the books did they bring an urn with his ashes and for some time it was kept here. Well, what is a personal collection - it is a part of the soul, pencil marks in the margins, folded pages and a lot of many thoughts. They buried Rubakin in Moscow, but his ghost continues to roam the floors ... perhaps turning the pages, rearranging books ...

37. Rubakin - the creator of bibliopsychology - the science of text perception. Author of the book "The Psychology of the Reader and the Book". Developed the ideas of Emil Enneken, author of "Estopsychology". His ideas are widely used in psycholinguistics ..

38. The storage workers receive the "note", take your book and use conveyors to send it to the reading room. There are two conveyors in the RSL: the vertical one was designed by Sukhanov in the 70s.

39. Large chain conveyor, commissioned back in 1953.

40. "This is a metro building, there are the same gears as on the escalators in the subway." Nevertheless, it is high time to replace the mechanism with a much more modern analogue. But as explained general manager RSL, for the introduction of a new technical system, the conveyor must be stopped, and this threatens that the activities of the entire Library will actually be paralyzed. Only with the commissioning of a new building will it be possible to replace the conveyor.

41. There is also a small version of the chain conveyor. For storage of 41,315,500 copies, premises are used in area equal to 9 football fields, and for each librarian there are 29,830 copies of storage.

42. In 1987, the fund of the special storage department consisted of about 27,000 domestic books, 250,000 foreign books, 572,000 issues of foreign magazines, about 8,500 annual sets of foreign newspapers. These books and magazines could not be obtained by the ordinary reader.

43. Books from storage are waiting for readers.

44. You can't take books home. For reading, the RSL has 37 reading rooms with 2238 seats, of which 437 are computerized.

45.

46. Reading room No. 3 is the largest, it is a kind of visiting card of the RSL, you can come into it with your laptop, on the side shelves there are dictionaries, for example, ancient Greek-Russian.

47. You can make a copy of a book, it costs 6 rubles per page, but you cannot take pictures. Nobody really explained the reason for the ban on photography, there was something incomprehensible about copyright, then about the fact that books are deteriorating. It seems to me that the copier spoils the books more than the camera, and if people are allowed to take pictures, for example, illustrations, they will be cut out less and the pages will be torn out.

48. Indicators of one day:
- registration of new users (including new users of the virtual reading rooms of the EDB) - 330 people.
- attendance of reading rooms - 4.2 thousand people.
- the number of visits to the websites of the RSL - 8.2 thousand,
- issuance of documents from the collections of the RSL - 35.3 thousand copies.
- receipt of new documents - 1.8 thousand copies.

49. At the beginning of 2010, the RSL employed 2,140 people, of whom librarians- 1228 people.

50. Women make up about 83% of the total staff of the RSL. The average age of the Library employees is 48.6 years. Average salary - 13,824 rubles.

51. Reading room of the electronic library.

52. Here you can use remote resources and databases to which the RSL is connected - for example, the Cambridge library, and the databases of the Springer publishing house - an electronic library of foreign scientific and business journals, the EAST-VIEW database. Search subject - publications on social sciences and humanities. There is also access to the Electronic library RSL and an archive of dissertations.

53. Reading room for Internet and electronic documents. Here you can surf the Internet for 32 rubles per hour. There was also some disgusting photo exhibition taking place here. Incomprehensible photographs were hung from the ceiling so that they could not be seen from being covered with plastic sheets.

54. Hall of official documents, here you can read the files of old newspapers, codes of laws and all kinds of codes. Young people are interested in the vast collection of UN documents (since 1946) and collections of acts, decisions, decisions of the International Court of Human Rights. Here are presented GOSTs for "any occasion of life" - there is even for "ax-splitting ax". Free legal consultations are organized for anyone interested in the OFN reading room.

55.

57.

58. An old sports magazine, a lot of illustrations were cut out. If we take, for example, the Ogonyok magazine for 58, we will see Beria's face painted over with ink. This is the work of the censors of the 1st department.

But in addition to the political, there was also "popular censorship" - the readers obeyed morality. And the RSL is one of the few libraries of the times of the "Iron Curtain" where all issues of foreign magazines were received. There, of course, there was nothing like that, but diligent citizens lengthened their skirts and even glued the pages so that no one could see samples of bourgeois life. Another distinctive feature of the readers of those years was that they cut out advertisements from magazines.

59. Rare Books Room - this is where you can touch the most ancient specimens from the collection of the RSL. "Only a reader of the RSL with good reason for this can study the materials of the fund (and the museum exhibits only a small part of it - 300 books), leafing through the pages of unique book monuments. The fund has collected over 100 publications - absolute rarities, about 30 books - the only ones in the world of copies. Here are some more examples of museum exhibits that you can work with in this reading room: "Don Quixote" by Cervantas (1616-1617), "Candide or Optimism" by Voltaire (1759), "Moabite Notebook" (1969), Tatar poet Musa Dzhalidya, written by him in the fascist prison Maobit, "The Arkhangelsk Gospel" (1092). There are the first copies of the works of Pushkin and Shakespeare, books by the publishers Gutenberg, Fedorov, Badoni, Maurice. From the point of view of the history of Russian books will be interesting - Novikov, Suvorin , Marks, Sytin. Cyrillic books are widely represented. "

60. Microfilms were made for some of the books. And, if the availability of the original source is not of paramount importance for the work (paper, ink, etc. is not important, but the content is valuable), it will be a microfilm that will be given out in the reading room. The original is out of the question.

62. As it turned out, many readers of the book steal, and quite often. Especially inventive people cut out a valuable book from the cover, and insert another, similar in volume, into it. Often they just rip out pages or cut out illustrations. And although it is easy to establish a thief or a vandal, it is almost impossible to bring him to justice, for this you need at least 2 witnesses who saw how they spoil the book.

64. In books, cards and documents are sometimes forgotten. Once, in the 1980s, a forgotten gold piece was found.

65. Pink Corridor "- one of the exhibition areas of the RSL.

66. Remains from old telephone booths.

67. Meeting room of the RSL - here the fate of the library is decided - the directorship is held every week, the course of development is determined, decisions are made.

68. The RSL is the fourth largest library in the world in terms of collection, the British Library is in first place - 150 million items against our 42.

69. Some of the reading rooms offer stunning views of the Kremlin.

70.

71.

72. There are also good views from the top floors of the book depository, unfortunately, while I was walking there, the weather turned bad.

Click on the photo for a larger view.

73. Families work in libraries, for example Olga V. Serezhina, she has been working for 41 years, her mother has worked here for 40 years.

74. On the left Natalia, her daughter, has been working here for 7 years)

75. And this is a policeman, he was extremely indignant that I had photographed him, threatened to take his head off. He urgently needs to be given a referral to the hall of official and regulatory documents so that he can read the laws. And that's all free time he spends chatting on the phone with his wife.

76. Soon there will be a separate story about how books are scanned, restored and repaired.

77.

The library has two main sites - www.rsl.ru - where you can read about all the services and news - who has come where, what exhibitions are taking place. And www.leninka.ru - here is the history of the RSL from the moment of its establishment

All photos presented in this report belong tophoto agency "28-300" , on the use of pictures, as well as photo shoots, write to e-mail [email protected]

The Russian State Library is the largest public library in the country and one of the largest in the world. It will take 79 years just to flip through the publications stored here for a minute, and this without interruptions for sleep, lunch and other needs. Since 1862, all publications in Russian have been sent to the library. Despite the fact that since 1992 the official name of the institution sounds like the Russian State Library, many still call it the Lenin Library. This name can still be seen on the facade of the building.

Photos of the library. Lenin

The history of the library. Lenin

The library was founded in 1862, the funds were replenished both at the expense of the libraries of St. Petersburg and the efforts of Muscovites who donated valuable manuscripts and publications. Since 1921, the library has become the national book depository. Three years later, the institution was named after Lenin, by which it is widely known to this day.

Construction of the new library building, which houses it to this day, began in 1924. The authors of the project are Vladimir Gelfreikh and Vladimir Shchuko. This is a magnificent example of Stalinist Empire architecture. The building with its numerous columns vaguely resembles ancient Roman temples, it is a very large-scale and beautiful structure, a real palace. A number of buildings were completed much later, in 1958.

Monument to Dostoevsky at the library. Lenin

In 1997, a monument to Fyodor Dostoevsky was erected near the library, the sculpture was created by Alexander Rukavishnikov. The monument does not look majestic. The writer is depicted seated, slightly hunched over, his face sad and thoughtful.

How to enroll in the Lenin Library

Opening hours of the Lenin Library

From 9:00 to 20:00 Monday to Friday, from 9:00 to 19:00 Saturday, Sunday and the last Monday of the month are closed. The opening hours of each of the reading rooms are published on the official website of the library.

Where is it and how to get there

The main building of the library is located in the very heart of Moscow, next to. The Biblioteka imeni Lenina metro station is located right in front of it, and the Aleksandrovsky Sad, Borovitskaya and Arbatskaya stations are also nearby. Also nearby there is a bus and trolleybus stop "Aleksandrovsky Sad".

Address: Moscow, st. Vozdvizhenka, 3/5. Site:

V Russian State Library since 2013 has been operating remote recording service for readers... You can enroll in the RSL and use the library's resources without visiting its buildings on Vozdvizhenka and Khimki. All data required for recording can be sent by mail or via online access.

For several years the RSL has been developing its electronic resources: the digitalization of a multimillion-dollar book fund is underway, and it is successfully developing dissertation library project, new virtual reading rooms are opening in cities of Russia and abroad. Already today, copyright-free digitized RSL documents can be read anywhere in the world where there is Internet access.

Until 2013, publications and dissertations that were closed for free viewing, kept in the Russian State Library, could be read only after receiving a library card at Vozdvizhenka or Khimki, or from the virtual reading rooms of the RSL opened in other libraries. The library card opened both ordinary access to the reading rooms of the library, and remote access to the electronic library of dissertations of the RSL.

Since 2013, any Internet user can become the owner of a library card for the RSL - it is enough to send the necessary documents by registered mail, or send them by e-mail. When registering deleted, the user receives an electronic library card with a unique number, which opens access to the library's services. For example, at the moment, readers can already remotely work with a library of dissertations, and in the future, other library resources will become available to holders of electronic tickets.

In the future, using the e-ticket number, you can get a plastic card for access to the reading rooms of the RSL. The remote registration service is valid for all Russian citizens over 18 years old, as well as for university students under this age.

A source: http://www.rsl.ru/ru/news/2312132/

Registration on the RSL website

Registration on the RSL website provides access to some of the services of the RSL online store:

Uploading documents using a dedicated channel;
Copying documents from the Electronic Library of the RSL;
Acquisition of publications written off from the collections of the RSL;
Purchase of electronic copies of books from the Pashkov House publishing house;

The account is bound to the address Email, the user's passport data is not required. Registration on the RSL website is the first step in registering with the RSL. If you received a ticket in the readers' enrollment group, additional registration on the site is not required.

Library Recording

Writing to the library involves creating a library card for the RSL and providing access to:

to the reading rooms of the library with the ability to order and receive books from the collections of the RSL;
to all library services;
to electronic resources, licensed databases and electronic versions editions.

A library card is identified by a unique number and is issued for a period of five years.

An electronic library card is created when a library enters the library. A plastic library card with a photo for access to the reading rooms of the RSL can be obtained during a personal visit to the readers' enrollment group.

Full-time recording is carried out in the group of readers. You will need originals of your passport, higher education document or student card... Citizens of the Russian Federation fill out the registration card on the website to register online. You will need electronic copies of your passport, university degree or student ID, and a bank card to verify your identity. Citizens of the Russian Federation for records with sending documents by mail fill out and print out the reader's registration card, make copies of the necessary documents and send them to the RSL by registered mail.

History: Russian State Library. Free theses rgb

Read also

Collegiate YouTube

Story

Library of the Rumyantsev Museum

Main book depository

Library funds

Story

Directors

Organizational structure

Fund System Management (FSM):

Department of Specialized Departments (USO):

Khimki Complex Administration (UHK):

Directory System Management (USK):

Office of Automation and Library Technologies (UABT):

Information Resources Directorate (IRD):

Information Technology Directorate (ITU):

Editorial and publishing department of periodicals (RIOPI);

Editorial office of the magazine "Vostochnaya kollekciya" (ZhVK);

Department of Material and Technical Support (UMTO):

Library building complex

Pashkov house

Main building

Main book depository

Library funds

Library service

Reference and search apparatus

Research activities

Library editions

The international cooperation

Awards

Cultural influence

Photos of the library. Lenin

The history of the library. Lenin

Monument to Dostoevsky at the library. Lenin

How to enroll in the Lenin Library

Opening hours of the Lenin Library

Where is it and how to get there

Registration on the RSL website

Library Recording