Grigory Dobrosklonov what is his happiness. "People's Defender" Grisha Dobrosklonov (based on the poem N

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Many works have not lost their relevance in our time. This, perhaps, happens because most of the problems and difficulties in human life can be carried beyond the boundaries of time and the development of mankind as a whole. It has always been difficult for people to find their place in society, someone did not have enough money to get a proper education, someone to look properly (a person in a shabby suit was not perceived by society either in ancient times or now). The problem of arranging everyday life, providing food at all times occupied the minds of people, especially those of low income. How to get out of the vicious circle of such problems and can it be done in an honest way? N.A. is trying to answer this question. Nekrasov in his unfinished poem "Who Lives Well in Russia".

Many images could serve good example to cover this topic, but still the main body of information on this issue falls on the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov.

Name meaning and prototypes

In literature, the names of heroes are often symbolic. Their first and last names are in most cases brief description literary personality. If the question of assigning names to characters, in view of the detailing of their personal qualities, is controversial, then the question of the meaning of surnames is almost always decided in favor of symbolism. Authors past centuries took as a basis the names widespread in society, in particular, the described class was taken into account. The name of the hero should have been close and familiar to readers. The names of the characters were invented by the authors themselves. It was from associations with the surname that it was further development image. It was based either in a game on contrasts, or on enhancing the effect of personality traits.

The prototype of Grisha Dobrosklonov was the poet and publicist Nikolai Alekseevich Dobrolyubov. In society, he was known as a man of unique industriousness and talent - at the age of 13 he was already engaged in translations of Horace, successfully wrote literary critical articles. What unites Dobrosklonov and Dobrolyubov is the tragedy of childhood - the death of his mother, who made an indelible impression on both the first and the second. Similar qualities also arise in their social position - the desire to make the world kinder and better.

As you can see, Nekrasov took the last name as a basis literary figure, modifying it, but at the same time it is impossible to reject the fact of its symbolism. The character's surname also displays it personal qualities... It is based on the noun "good", which corresponds to general characteristics Grisha. He really good person by nature, full of good aspirations and dreams. The second part of his surname is derived from the verb "to decline". That is,

Age, appearance and occupation of Grigory Dobrosklonov

The reader gets acquainted with the image of Grigory Dobrosklonov in last parts poems - partly in "A Feast for the Whole World" and, in more detail, in the epilogue of the poem.

We do not know the exact age of the hero, the fact that at the time of the story he was studying at the seminary gives the right to assume that his age is about 15 years old, and the author confirms this guess, saying that the boy is "about fifteen years old."

Gregory's mother was called Domna, she died early:

Domnushka
I was much caring
But also durability
God didn't give her.

His father's name is Tryphon, he was a clerk, in other words, he was at the bottom rung of the clergy's career ladder. The family's income was never high - the mother tried her best to change this situation and give a proper education to her children - Grisha and Savva. The woman was often helped by the villagers to feed the children, so she

Unrequited old lady
For everyone who has something
Helped her on a rainy day.

Naturally, hard physical labor and poor living conditions had an extremely unfavorable effect on the woman's health and she soon dies. Gregory is very upset about the loss of his mother - she was kind, good and caring, so at night the boy “grieved for his mother” and quietly sang her song about salt.

Life after the death of the mother

After the death of Domna, the family's life deteriorated significantly - "Poorer than the seedy / Last peasant / Lived Tryphon." There was never enough food in their house:

There is no cow, no horse,
There was a dog Zudushka,
There was a cat - and they left.

Gregory and Savva are often fed by fellow villagers. The brothers are very grateful to the peasants for this and try not to remain in debt - to somehow help them:

The thugs paid them.
As much as possible, work,
According to their deeds, chores
Celebrated in the city.

Nekrasov gives a meager description of Grisha. He has a "wide bone", but he himself does not look like a hero - "his face is too emaciated." This is because he is always half-starved. While in seminary, he woke up in the middle of the night from hunger and waited for breakfast. Their father also does not rush - he is as eternally hungry as his sons.

Gregory, like his brother, was "marked by God's seal" - the ability to study and the ability to lead crowds, therefore "the deacon boasted of his children."

Studying at the seminary for Gregory is not joyful there, "dark, cold and hungry", but the young man is not going to retreat, his plans also include studying at the university.

Over time, the image of the mother and small homeland merged together, they soon decided to serve common people, to make the life of ordinary men better:

Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
A native corner.

Gregory does not dream of personal wealth or wealth. He wants all people to live in goodness and prosperity:

I don’t need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my fellow countrymen
And to every peasant
Lived freely and cheerfully
In all holy Russia.

And the young man is ready to do everything possible to get closer to the fulfillment of his dreams.

Dobrosklonov is optimistic, this is especially noticeable in the lyrics of his songs, where he tries to glorify the love of life, to outline a wonderful, cheerful future.

Grisha Dobrosklonov: character story

"Who lives happily, freely in Russia?" Russian schoolchildren are trying to find an answer to this question together with. The poem of the writer about the wanderings of men around the world in search of happy person called an encyclopedia folk wisdom... The epic work "Who Lives Well in Russia" contains many characters, and only at the end appears the main character who turns out to be the lucky one - Grisha Dobrosklonov. " People's defender"Dreams of the Motherland to rise from its knees, and the people to find true freedom.

History of creation

The idea to write an epic in verse about the life of the Russian people, as a summary of the experience and observations of the revolutionary poet, came to Nikolai Nekrasov in the late 1850s. As a basis, the writer took personal impressions of communication with ordinary people, and also relied on some literary works.

So, the main source of inspiration was the "Notes of a Hunter". Here Nekrasov spied on colorful images of characters and central messages. And only in 1863, when the country had already lived for two years without the shackles of serfdom, the writer got down to work, eventually spending 14 years collecting and arranging material.

As conceived folk poem showed the unfolded destinies of various strata of society - from peasants to the ruler of the state. Main characters looking for happy people on Russian soil, they had to go from their native villages to Petersburg, where even a meeting with the tsar would happen. Travel time stretched for a year, containing eight parts. However, what was conceived was not destined to come true - the seriously ill author managed to give the world only four chapters.

As soon as they were ready, the parts were published in the magazines Sovremennik and Domestic notes". Today the poem looks like it was published, because the author did not have time to clarify the "correct" composition:

• "Prologue";
• "The Last One";
• "Peasant";
• "A feast for the whole world."

The last chapter did not reach the reader during the life of Nikolai Nekrasov. It was published three years after the death of the author, and then with serious censorship edits. Before his death, the writer changed his plan, trying to convey main idea, and did open final, where the most significant character appears - Grisha Dobrosklonov, who became the sought-after lucky man.

There was no time left to work out the image, so the readers saw only a hint of the intended outcome of the poem. Feeling the end of his life, Nikolai Alekseevich lamented:

“One thing I deeply regret is that I did not finish my poem“ Who Lives Well in Russia ”.

The writer tried to make the poem as comprehensible as possible ordinary people, so I tried to bring rhythm to the work folk tales, added a scattering of songs, sayings and sayings, dialect words.

In the work there was a place for details from fairy tales: a self-assembled tablecloth, the number "seven" (so many wanderers went in search of happiness), a bird that can speak human voice, uncertainty of time and place ("in which land - guess" echoes the phrase from folklore "in a certain kingdom, in a certain state").

Plot and image

Once "on the pole path" seven peasants met, between whom a dispute ensued about who would live well in Russia. Each voiced his own assumption: for sure, there are lucky ones among the priests, landowners, officials, merchants, boyars. And, finally, the king lives at ease. It was not possible to come to a consensus, so the men went in search of a happy man to personally verify his existence.

The road leads travelers to the Volga, where the heroes get to know the peasants who hide the abolition of serfdom from the crazy old landowner. In return, the relatives of the rich man, after his death, promise to give the peasants the floodplain meadows. However, they do not hold back their word.

The rumor that a "kind" and successful "governor's wife" lives in a certain city leads the pilgrims to Matryona Timofeevna. However, she disappoints them, claiming that in Russia there is no trace of female happiness. In the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World," the peasants of a village on the Volga arrange a celebration on the occasion of the landowner's death. Among the initiators of the party, Grisha Dobrosklonov, the 17-year-old son of a priest, appears.

The author created the image of a people's defender with a difficult life history. The young man was born into the family of a lazy beggar deacon and farm laborer from a remote village. Hungry childhood, seminary, where it was also hard ... Support and generosity of peasants-neighbors helped not to die of hunger early years was born in the heart of the hero.

From the characterization of the character it is clear that Grisha Dobrosklonov sees happiness not in personal good, but in making life easier and easier for the people. The meaning of his life path contains the phrase:

“... and fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner ".

Image analysis and public position Nekrasova answer the question why Dobrosklonov is happy. The hero stands alone in a scattering of characters in the poem, is distinguished by a rebellious character and a special perception of life. Other characters demonstrate resignation to fate, become victims of circumstances. And Grisha is a fighter, the embodied fruit of the author's reflections on the ways that would lead Russian people to well-being.

According to critics, the character becomes a continuation of the image, the hero of the work of Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", but unlike him, a young man from literary work Nekrasova is not alone, the revolutionary fire has already flared up thoroughly in the minds of people.

The poem contains a description of an intelligent democrat, born and raised in a poverty-stricken outback, who looks for the truth in books and kills time for thoughts. Dobrosklonov is a poet who sings songs imbued with revolutionary optimism. The author's attitude to the hero is warm: Nikolai Nekrasov put into Grisha his own features and thoughts about the triumph of democracy.

The artistic canvas of the work is woven from random meetings and conversations, separate destinies are intertwined in it, and all together creates a picture of poor, dirty and drunk Russia, which is on the verge of change.

The work never came to the attention of the directors. Although in 1989 the namesake of the poem appeared - the film "Who Lives Well in Russia" was released on the screens, and in roles. But the picture does not resonate with Nekrasov's poem: the action takes place in the post-war years of the 20th century.

Quotes

“He heard immense strength in his chest,
His blessed sounds delighted the ear,
The radiant sounds of the noble anthem -
He sang the embodiment of the people's happiness! "

"Fate prepared for him
Glorious path, loud name
People's defender,
Consumption and Siberia ”.

"Feel sorry - take pity skillfully ..."

"And I would be glad to heaven, but where is the door?"

“To be underdeveloped is an abyss! To endure is an abyss. "

“Oh mother! oh homeland!
We are not grieving about ourselves, -
Sorry for you, dear. "

“Russian peasants are smart,
One thing is not good
What they drink to the point of stupor
They fall into ditches, into ditches -
It's a shame to look! "

Each poet, defining a creative credo for himself, is guided by his own motives. Someone sees the meaning of their creativity in the glorification of their homeland, for someone creativity is an opportunity to express their idea of ​​the world. The Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov considered serving the people as his duty. All his work is imbued with the ideas of protecting the Russian people from the arbitrariness of the authorities. Therefore, he saw the poet primarily as a citizen:

You may not be a poet
But you must be a citizen ...

In the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" - the main work of his life - the central image becomes folk poet Grisha Dobrosklonov. Nekrasov never finished this poem - it prevented incurable disease, the symptoms of which he felt in 1876, when the work was in full swing. But the dying poet for last months unbearable torment still wrote the last songs.

In almost all of Nekrasov's poems, you can see the image of a real citizen, which the poet sought to make an ideal for everyone honest people Russia. In the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia" the search for this ideal continues throughout the development of the action. The peasants depicted by the poet show themselves as persistent seekers of truth. After all, the plot of the work begins with how "Seven temporarily liable ... came together and argued about who lives happily, at ease in Russia".

Nekrasov did not idealize the peasants, knowing that many were and "Last slaves", and lackeys, and born lackeys. In the crowd scenes, the polyphony of the peasant is heard: here there are drunken voices, sympathetic exclamations, and aphorisms. The poet, who spent time with the peasants since childhood, studied their speech well, which made it possible to make the language of the poem colorful, bright, truly creative.

Gradually, individual heroes stand out from the masses. First Yakim Nagoya, Drunk, "Wretched", who survived a lot in his lifetime. He is sure that it is impossible for a sober person to live in Russia - he simply cannot withstand backbreaking work. If not for drunkenness, peasant riots would have been inevitable.

Relying on moral ideals people, Nekrasov created images of people from a peasant environment who became fighters for the happiness of the people. And only in the final part of the work - the chapter "A Feast for the Whole World" - does the image of the people's intellectual appear. This is Grigory Dobrosklonov. The poet did not manage to finish this part of the poem, but the image of the hero still looks holistic.

Grisha comes from the so-called raznochin environment, he is the son of a farm laborer and a sexton. Only the dedication of his mother and the generosity of the people around did not allow both Grisha himself and his younger brother Savva "Babies in the ground" decay. Half-starved childhood and harsh youth helped him to get closer to the people, determined life path young man, because already at the age of fifteen "Gregory already knew for sure", for whom he will die and to whom he will devote his life.

The author first puts "Bitter Songs" into the lips of the hero, reflecting the bitter time. But already towards the end of the chapter, they begin to sound and “ Good songs". The most prominent are "Rus" and "Amid the Dolny World." In the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the features of many revolutionaries of that time were embodied, even the hero's surname is consonant with another famous surname- Nikolai Dobrolyubov. Like a revolutionary democrat, Grisha Dobrosklonov is a fighter for the interests of the peasants, he is ready to go “for the humiliated” and “for the offended” in order to be the first there.

The image of Grisha is realistic, but at the same time generalized, almost conditional. This is an image of youth, striving forward, hoping for the best. He is all in the future, so the image of the hero turned out to be vague, only outlined. Gregory is not interested in wealth, does not care about worries about his own well-being, he is ready to devote his life to that "So that every peasant can live freely and cheerfully in all holy Russia!" This is why fate literary hero predetermined: life prepares Grisha "Glorious way, loud name of the people's defender", but at the same time - "Consumption and Siberia"... But the young man is not afraid of the upcoming trials, since he believes in the triumph of the cause, to which he is ready to devote his whole life.

Almost all of Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov's contemporaries passed through Siberia, earning themselves consumption. Only "Strong, loving souls", according to the author, are entering a glorious, but hard way struggle for the happiness of the people. Thus, answering main question poems: "Who lives well in Russia?" - the author gives an unambiguous answer: fighters for the people's happiness. This idea reveals the whole meaning of the poem.

• Images of landowners in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
• The image of Savely in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"
• The image of Matryona in the poem "Who Lives Well in Russia"

Grisha Dobrosklonov is a key figure in Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Russia". Let me tell you a little about it. Grisha was born into the family of a poor clerk, a lazy and incompetent man. Mother was a type of the same female image, drawn by the author in the chapter "Peasant Woman". Grisha determined his place in life at the age of 15. It is not surprising, because a hungry childhood, hard work hardening, presented by his father; a strong character, broad soul, inherited from the mother; a sense of collectivism, resilience, incredible perseverance, brought up in a family and seminary, ultimately resulted in a feeling of deep patriotism, moreover, responsibility for the fate of an entire nation! I hope I have easily explained the origins of Grisha's character?

Now let's look at the real biographical factor of Grisha's appearance. Perhaps you already know - Dobrolyubov was the prototype. Like him, Grisha - a fighter for all the humiliated and insulted, stood for peasant interests. He did not feel a craving for the satisfaction of prestigious needs (if anyone remembers lectures on social studies), i.e. in the foreground, his concerns are not about personal well-being.

Now we know a thing or two about Dobrosklonov. Let's identify some of his personal qualities in order to find out the degree of Grisha's importance as a key figure. To do this, we just need to select from the above words that characterize it. Here they are: the capacity for compassion, strong convictions, iron will, unpretentiousness, high efficiency, education, great mind. Here you and I, imperceptibly for ourselves, approached the meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Look: these qualities are quite enough to reflect the main idea of ​​the poem. Hence the conclusion is as prosaic as it is laconic: Grisha himself reflects one of the main ideas of the poem. Here is the idea: living in Russia is good only for such fighters for the happiness of the oppressed people. To explain why I will hardly succeed is a philosophical question and knowledge of psychology is required. Nevertheless, I will try to give an example: when you save someone's life, you get the feeling that you are strong and kind, a servant to the king, a father to soldiers, ... yes? And here you save a whole people ...

But these are only consequences, and we still have to find out how it began. Let's speculate, we know that from childhood Grisha lived among unhappy, helpless, despised people. What pushed him to such a height that forced him to sacrifice himself for the sake of the common people, because before a literate and educated, talented young man opened up, frankly, endless possibilities. By the way, this feeling, quality or sensation, call it what you want, nourished Nekrasov's creativity, from his submission it was determined main idea poems, from him take the origins of patriotism, a sense of responsibility. This is the capacity for compassion. The quality that Nekrasov himself possessed and endowed him with the key figure of his poem. It is quite natural that this is followed by patriotism inherent in a person from the people, and a sense of responsibility before the people.

It is very important to determine the era in which the hero appeared. The era - the rise of the social movement, a multimillion people rise to fight. Take a look:

“... The innumerable army rises -

the strength in her is indestructible ... "

The text directly proves that the happiness of the people is possible only as a result of a nationwide struggle against the oppressors. The main hope of the revolutionary democrats, to whom Nekrasov belonged, is the peasant revolution. And who is raising revolutions? - revolutionaries, fighters for the people. At Nekrasov it was Grisha Dobrosklonov. Hence follows the second idea of ​​the poem, or, rather, it has already flowed out, we only need to isolate it from the general stream of reflections. The people, due to the direction of the reforms of Alexander II, remain unhappy and oppressed as before, but (!) The forces for protest are ripening. Reforms have pushed in him the desire to better life... Have you noticed the words:

"…Enough! Completed with the past calculation,

Calculation is over by the gentleman!

The Russian people are gathering strength

And he learns to be a citizen! ... "

The form of transmission was songs performed by Grisha. The words just reflected the feelings that the hero is endowed with. We can say that the songs were the crown of the poem because they reflect everything that I talked about. And in general, they inspire hope that the Motherland will not perish, despite the suffering and misfortunes that swept over it, and the all-encompassing revival of Russia, and, most importantly, changes in the consciousness of the common Russian people.

Creating the poem "", Nikolai Nekrasov wanted to dedicate it to the people, simple and selfless. Sings often watched those people who fought to the last for their freedom, for their happiness. That is why, in his poem, the author decided to create the image of a fighter who would give everything for the people.

Grigory Dobrosklonov becomes such a character. He was born and lived in such poor family that his mother salted his bread with tears. Father Gregory, a clerk by his nickname, was even poorer than the most unfortunate peasant. Therefore, the boy from an early age saw enough of the horrors of a hungry life.

At fifteen, he knew for sure who he would give his life for. Grigory Dobrosklonov strives to help everyone in need. He appears where grief is heard, where there is a call for help.

The hero does not think about his personal wealth and well-being. A real revolutionary is ready even now to say goodbye to his life in order to change the fate of the people for the better. And in his thoughts, Gregory was not alone. A lot of people were ready to take part in the protest against such a "dog" life.

Dobrosklonov is not afraid of all the difficulties that may arise on the path to freedom. Gregory believes to the last in the strength and victory of the people, who were on the brink, at the last boiling point. The thought that multimillion-dollar popular protests will soon overwhelm the Russian lands amuses and pleases him. Dobrosklonov's speeches and words turn on the crowd, they have a magical effect on those around them, inspiring them to fight and win.

Grigory Dobrosklovov is a strong, courageous, strong-willed hero of Nekrasov's poem. Such a person can become a real leader and lead a popular uprising. He considers his calling to fight for the rights of the oppressed and disadvantaged. After all, how many ordinary people can bend their backs for others, how much humiliation can be endured and weak-willed to submit.

To the main question of the poem about who, after all, lives well in Russia, Nikolai Nekrasov answers: "to fighters for the people's happiness."