Bazarov's attitude to the nature of love. Bazarov and his relationship to art (based on the novel I

After a little reflection and analysis, you involuntarily come to the conclusion that the theme "Bazarov and Nature" is central in this work of Turgenev.

Bazarov, first of all, is a nihilist, but as a nihilist, he sees the world as flat and vulgar. And in his vulgarity, he presents nature as a kind of material. Rejecting the beauty of life and the poetry of life, he spirals into a spiral that clouded his reason, and he becomes limited. "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it"- these are the words of Eugene.

Let's take a critical look at Bazarov's idea. The temple is a sacred place where people concentrate their thoughts, where they deepen themselves, contemplate the higher power that they worship. Any temple is beautiful, clean and light. There is a special order of things in the temples. At any services they sing there, and the beauty of this singing is indescribable, the smell there is always pleasant and pacifying. After all, a temple is a vessel for something sacred and incomprehensible. A workshop is not a sacred place at all, people come here either on business, acquiring material things, created for life or comfort, or they work here themselves, again receiving material values ​​- money. The workshop is far from clean, the decoration and the appearance are mostly ugly, no one will call the workshop an architectural monument (of course, there are exceptions, but this is still an exception, not a rule). Lighting in workshops is not always full-fledged, but rather there is more light where a person works, where it is necessary to clearly see the object being processed. And the sound that we hear in the workshops? Howling of saws and whetstones, sparks and smoke from welding machines. You will definitely not enjoy such sounds. The smell in the workshops can be pleasant, for example, the smell of wood, but let's not forget that this is a temporary phenomenon, because soon the wood will be varnished, and according to the instructions, it is necessary to ventilate the premises when working with chemicals, so enjoying the smell of the workshops is more expensive for yourself. The master in the workshop understands everything (if he is a really good master): what is where, how to process it. Only an apprentice adopts the experience of his teacher.

A terrible picture emerges: Bazarov has the audacity to put nature on the conveyor belt. Littering and grassing it only so that a person gets comfort. We see what this leads to: unauthorized trash cans in the forest that poison our forests and rivers, these are factories that do not spend a dime to protect the environment from their production. And what do we get at the output? Full stomachs do not understand why and ruined health, but in the soul is a desert.

Bazarov's attitude to nature, as to a workshop, is as reckless and immoral as stoking the stove with the works of Pushkin, Lermontov and Dostoevsky just to keep warm. The novel Fathers and Sons itself ends remarkably: “They (flowers) speak not of one eternal tranquility, of that great tranquility of“ indifferent ”nature; they also speak of eternal reconciliation and endless life. "

The famous character of Turgenev in the work "Fathers and Sons" - Bazarov turned out to be peculiar. And all because he builds his ideology on very strange principles, which will be difficult for a sane person to adhere to. Quite funny. His quotes speak for themselves. The attitude towards art and life in general is also somewhat surprising, for example: "Reading Pushkin is a wasted time, making music is funny, enjoying nature is simply ridiculous, Raphael is not worth a dime at all." But where does an educated person have such thoughts? It is worth dealing with this in a little more detail.

Bazarov. Attitude towards nature. Arguments

This hero speaks of nature quite unambiguously. He believes that nature is not a temple, but a real workshop in which a person is a worker.

Developing further the theme "Bazarov: attitude to nature", let us touch on the most important thing. Surprisingly, in all this there is a kind of logic that to some extent can fully justify his views. Indeed, for Bazarov, the main figure has always been the simple Russian people, from where he came himself.

A rude and superstitious peasant was crushed by poverty, he had only thoughts about him in his head, and therefore Bazarov believed that there was no point in talking with such people about high art, in which they did not understand anything. And this cannot be considered unfair.

Bazarov's attitude to nature

The ideals that young people admire so much have absolutely no meaning for such a hero as Bazarov. A special attitude towards human nature is natural, because they are very strongly interconnected. You can even characterize anyone by their perception of the natural world. In almost every classic work of fiction, there is a description of nature, which is in full interaction with man.

Attitude to the nature of other heroes

The image of the same nature makes it clear a lot about the author of the work himself. In the novel "Fathers and Sons", the relationship between nature and man can be seen on the example of other heroes, not only Bazarov, but also Arkady, Pavel Petrovich, Nikolai Petrovich.

Bazarov is a person who denies everything, and there is more materialistic in him. On the other hand, there are hidden notes of romanticism in him, but he cannot even admit this to himself, not that to someone outside. In nature, he does not see anything mysterious and beyond the control of man. He calls acacia and lilacs sincere and "kind guys." He is very proudly happy that his father's grove has begun, because nature in its intended purpose should be beneficial.

Love changes everything

When Bazarov fell in love with Romantsova, it gradually becomes clear how the sprouts of the very romantic that he was so afraid to become are sprouting in him. It was in these moments of despair that he sought peace and solitude, and therefore, all alone, he went into the forest and wandered there, breaking branches, cursing now at himself, now at the one who had doomed him to suffering. Bazarov did not look like himself. His attitude to nature, to love and, in fact, to life itself changed literally before his eyes.

Bazarov at these moments considers himself a weakling and despises himself. He is very poor, and life seems very difficult for him, so he does not want to waste time on romantic relationships at all.

Turgenev contrasted Bazarov with his friend Arkady, who imitated his friend very much and tried to portray himself as an adult man. But, as it turned out, he was a very gentle guy who was touching about nature. He felt and understood her, but he also tried to hide all this in himself, mainly because of Bazarov. And then he gave himself away in a completely natural way when he began to admire the fields and the setting of the sun. And he involuntarily did not support such an attitude of Bazarov to nature. The work can already be finished.

Conclusion

And in conclusion of the topic "Bazarov: attitude to nature" I must say that for Arkady nature is a temple, and not a trifle, as for Bazarov, here he cannot agree with his authoritative friend. Such a worldview is alien to him.

An unexpected feeling for Katya, who is just as romantic and loves nature, brings young people even closer. And Bazarov at first is mortally sad, rejected by his beloved woman, and then dies of consumption. This is how the once strong and self-confident man broke down.

The outstanding novel by Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" has occupied the minds of lovers of Russian literature for the third century already. The interest of the reading public in him is not accidental. Society greeted its first edition with controversy. The work, which carries the eternal theme of the change of eras, is based on numerous antitheses in its design. In it, the well-educated and active commoner Yevgeny Bazarov is ideologically opposed to the cold landowner Pavel Kirsanov, aloof from the problems of society.

They are both charismatic and capable of influencing others. Showing the conflict between these characters, Turgenev reveals the change of eras, leading to the replacement of feudal relations in Russia by bourgeois ones.

A novel about the polarization of the views of Russian society

Russian society in the 1860s was going through hard times. The need to abolish serfdom as the main obstacle to the further development of Russia was especially acutely felt.

A similar process a century ago already took place in Europe, which was developing rapidly due to the restriction of the rights of the aristocracy and, accordingly, democratization. Fortunately, during the time of Turgenev, serfdom fell in Russia as well. On February 19, 1861, the emperor signed the Manifesto that freed the peasants from serfdom.

It is noteworthy that on the eve of this act, Alexander II read the novel Fathers and Sons very carefully. Bazarov's attitude to nature, to life, to society aroused the interest of the august person. The tsar, whom people later called the "Liberator", getting acquainted with the novel of the classic, tried to comprehend the way of thinking of the new "heroes of the time", the Bazarovs. (As you can see, even the emperor relied on Ivan Sergeevich's foresight in understanding the problems of society.)

Among the topics raised by the classic in this work, there is such a question as the attitude to nature of Bazarov and Kirsanov. Let's take a deeper look at it.

On the role of nature in educating a citizen

Do not underestimate the importance of this attitude. After all, social progress is determined not only by the growth of production, but also by the careful, rational use of the natural resources of their native land by citizens.

For the prosperity of the country, it is important that its different generations love nature. Such love is brought up not only by the mood of society, but also by art. Indeed, only on the basis of love for the nature of their native land, respect for its history, understanding and sharing the way of life, the majority of people give birth to true patriotism. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was deeply aware of this.

Different views of aristocrats and people on nature

In the century before last, the overwhelming majority of the local nobility turned into a reactionary force in Russian society. The landowners of the 19th century were not satisfied with the progress that eliminated serfdom and freed the peasants from slavery. Still would! Indeed, many of them, even without having a decent education and being, in fact, parasites, were completely satisfied with this state of affairs. For them, nature was something cherished, patriarchal, belonging to them.

To their indignation, progressive change swept over Russia. The aristocrats were more and more actively opposed, competing for a position in society, educated people from the people, commoners. The latter resolutely rejected the pseudo-liberal ideology that encouraged the nobility, advocated a new capitalist relationship, where the value of a person was determined not by his ancestral affiliation with the landlord or noble caste, but by his real usefulness to society. They wanted to remove patriarchal restrictions on the use of natural resources by society.

Even in relation to the environment, given by God, Turgenev's aristocrat Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Yevgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov are diametrically different. The attitude of the landowner to nature can be described as superficially enthusiastic. He confines himself to her contemplation and florid empty discussion of purely visual images. Bazarov, in turn, expresses purely applied views on her.

On closer examination, the reader reveals the formality of Pavel Kirsanov's views on nature. (Turgenev confirms this idea with a wondrous in its expressiveness quote: "... his dandy dry and passionate ... soul did not know how to dream.")

It is noteworthy that his nephew Arkady agrees with his uncle Pavel Kirsanov (more than with Yevgeny Bazarov). Aesthetic pleasure is brought to the young student by "the fields are colorful, beautifully and softly illuminated." He does not perceive the earth, as its real owner should do.

Bazarov on the primacy of labor

Bazarov expresses his special, businesslike attitude to nature. For him, she is a workshop in which a working person works (and does not admire her). According to the views of the energetic hero of the new era, the world around him should not delight the eye, but, thanks to active people, serve society. At the same time, according to the nihilist, the qualifications and profession of the worker play an important role. Evgeny Bazarov sees progress in the creative transformation of nature, produced by a true master.

More about Bazarov's position

It is noteworthy that Bazarov's attitude to art and nature is similar. According to him, a skilled chemist brings more benefits to society than twenty composers. Thus, Evgeny's nihilism resolutely denies the progressive role of any art ("Raphael is not worth a dime.")

Bazarov expresses a purely practical, businesslike attitude to nature that rejects all romance. In his reasoning, he clearly follows the theory of nihilism, which initially denies the liberal values ​​of the aristocracy. Eugene initially does not accept the very basis of liberalism - the theory of the primary role of personality, expressed by Pavel Kirsanov. His ideal is a labor society built on the principle of expediency.

Turgenev's disagreement with the views of the nihilists

Does the author agree with such views of his heroes on nature? Obviously not. He undoubtedly has his own point of view. The writer himself was in love with his native land and wrote about it so lyrically that critics called the lines written by him “poetry in prose”. (As you know, only two writers of the 19th century deserved such recognition: Ivan Turgenev and Nikolai Gogol.)

It is not surprising that, creating the image of a person of his era, seeking and erring, he does not idealize him. Bazarov is a man who sees the world in black and white. His strength lies in the new ideology of an energetic, useful person who receives public goods based on his real services to society. The weakness of Bazarov is hidden in the immaturity of the ideology of nihilism, in his fundamental denial of art and romance.

The imperfection of Bazarov's views

Despite the striking practicality, the classic masterfully denounces Bazarov's attitude to nature as far-fetched, fake, abstracted from real life.

Quotes from Eugene's monologues on this topic are not accidental sketchy, sketchy. The reader is struck by the fact that they were uttered by a dry theoretician somehow unnatural, as if pulled out of the list of theses. Everything in the nihilist's reasoning seems to be harmonious, logical, but something is missing in them. And there is not enough soul!

This is where the Achilles' heel is, the weak point in Eugene's theory. And it is at him that the author of the novel strikes a blow. It is significant. Just a touch of the relationship between Evgeny Bazarov and the young rich widow Anna Sergeevna Odintsova.

A natural process takes place: the nihilist falls in love, and the tough thesis views, which Bazarov now and then expresses (attitude to nature, society, people), fail. Moreover, Bazarov himself admits his defeat, having noticed in a conversation with Madame Odintsova that a high feeling forced to awaken in him the romantic principle so despised before.

Conclusion

Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" is really great, since it highlighted the main problems of Russia in the middle of the 19th century. Among the aspects of the work touched upon and disclosed by the author is the imperfection of people's attitude to what is given to them by God and what surrounds them. The attitude of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich to the nature of Russia is a vivid illustration of this. For the first, it is arable land, forest timber, stone and minerals. For the second (aristocrat) - just a fleeting picture outside the window of the carriage, moreover, distant and indifferent.

Turgenev, in the language of creativity, proves that the native nature for a citizen should be twofold: both material and romantic at the same time.

The problem of attitude to nature, arguments from the works for C1 in the exam in Russian:

I. S. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons"

People forget that nature is their native and only home that requires a careful attitude towards itself, which is confirmed in the novel by Ivan Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The protagonist, Evgeny Bazarov, is known for his categorical position: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and a person is a worker in it." This is how the Author sees a "new" person in him: he is indifferent to the values ​​accumulated by previous generations, lives in the present and uses everything he needs, without thinking about what consequences this may lead to. The novel by I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" raises the topical theme of the relationship between nature and man. Bazarov, rejecting any aesthetic enjoyment of nature, perceives it as a workshop, and man as a worker. Arkady, a friend of Bazarov, on the contrary, treats her with all the admiration inherent in a young soul. In the novel, each character is tested by nature. Communication with the outside world helps Arkady to heal his emotional wounds, for him this unity is natural and pleasant. Bazarov, on the contrary, does not seek contact with her - when Bazarov felt bad, he "went into the forest and broke branches." She does not give him the desired comfort or peace of mind. Thus, Turgenev emphasizes the need for a fruitful and two-way dialogue with nature.

M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"

A close emotional connection between man and nature can be traced in Lermontov's story "A Hero of Our Time". The events in the life of the main character, Grigory Pechorin, are accompanied by a change in the state of nature in accordance with the changes in his mood. So, considering the scene of the duel, the gradation of the states of the surrounding world and the feelings of Pechorin is obvious. If before the duel the sky seemed to him “fresh and blue”, and the sun “shining brightly”, then after the duel, looking at the corpse of Grushnitsky, the heavenly body seemed to Grigory “dull”, and its rays “did not warm”. Nature is not only the experience of the heroes, but is also one of the protagonists. The thunderstorm becomes the reason for the long meeting between Pechorin and Vera, and in one of the diary entries preceding the meeting with Princess Mary, Grigory notes that "the air of Kislovodsk is conducive to love." With such an allegory, Lermontov not only more deeply and fully reflects the inner state of the heroes, but also denotes his own, author's presence by introducing nature as a character.

E. Zamyatin "We"

Turning to classical literature, I would like to cite as an example the anti-utopian novel "We" by E. Zamyatin. Rejecting the natural beginning, the inhabitants of the One State become numbers, whose life is determined by the framework of the Hourly Tablet. The beauties of native nature have been replaced by perfectly proportioned glass structures, and love is possible only with a pink card. The main character, D-503, is doomed to mathematically verified happiness, which is acquired, however, after the removal of fantasy. It seems to me that with such an allegory Zamyatin tried to express the indissolubility of the connection between nature and man.

S. Yesenin "Goy you, Russia, my dear" One of the central themes of the lyrics of the brightest poet of the XX century S. Yesenin is the nature of the native land. In the poem "Goy you, Russia, my dear" the poet renounces paradise for the sake of his homeland, her flock above the eternal bliss, which, judging by other lyrics, he finds only on Russian soil. Thus, feelings of patriotism and love for nature are closely intertwined. The very realization of their gradual weakening is the first step towards a natural, real peace, enriching the soul and body.

I.S. Turgenev is a master of landscape descriptions, wonderful paintings of Russian nature were created under his pen. "Notes of a Hunter" is not only a picture of Russian national types, but also a picture of Russian nature that surrounds the heroes of "Notes".

Nature in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Her role in this work of Turgenev is much more complicated.

Descriptions of nature at the beginning of the novel as the tone of the general design

The novel begins at the end of May. In the scene of the meeting of Nikolai Petrovich, Arkady and Bazarov, we come across two descriptions of the landscape, different in mood. To some extent, they create the directions along which the writer builds his novel. We see the nature of the Central Russian strip through the eyes of Arkady. The first is emphatically negative and evokes thoughts in Arcadia about the need for reforms.

“Villages with low huts under dark, often half-scattered roofs”, “crooked sheds”, “Churches, now brick with fallen off plaster, now wooden with bent crosses and ruined cemeteries”, “Little peasants ... shabby, on bad nags” ....

But this description is immediately followed by something else: "spring took its toll." And already here everything is full of life, everything speaks of resurrection, beauty and power

"Everything ... golden green, everything wide and softly agitated t shone under the warm breath of a warm breeze", "Beautifully blackening, ... rooks walked," everywhere ... larks were pouring in "...

So it is this description that makes Arkady forget about thinking, and just admire nature

"Gradually weakening, his thoughts disappeared."

This is how the main dominant of the work is set - the theory, social upheavals are contrasted with the eternal beauty of nature, with which a person must live in harmony.

Sensitivity to nature as a characteristic of characters

The second time a lengthy natural description is given in the eleventh chapter, right after the collision with Pavel Petrovich. Until then, we only know that the middle of June has come, the best time. This time we see nature through the eyes of Nikolai Petrovich and feel it the way he feels it.

Nikolai Petrovich reflects on the fact that

"The young have ... some advantage over us."

But what the elder Kirsanov cannot understand is that

how "you can reject poetry, not sympathize with art, nature."

And before the hero and us, a beautiful landscape of a summer evening opens up, which is full of such charm that it completely refutes Bazarov's correctness

“The swallows were flying high, the wind had completely stopped, the belated bees were lazily and sleepy buzzing in the lilac flowers ...”, in the sky “the stars were already swarming and winking.”

The scene ends with a meeting of the two senior Kirsanovs. It is noteworthy that Pavel Petrovich, looking at the stars, does not see their beauty

“In his beautiful dark eyes nothing was reflected except the light of the stars. He was not born a romantic. "

The incorrectness of the positions of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich is, as it were, equalized by their insensitivity to the beauty of nature.

The naturalness of nature and the unnaturalness of evil in the novel "Fathers and Sons"

Each of the serious clashes between the antagonists Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich calls for a description of nature. Duel scene ...

“The morning was glorious, fresh,” writes Turgenev. Silence and peace of nature ("light dust lay on it - the road - not yet touched from yesterday, neither by the wheel nor by the foot").

Here the writer is quite traditional: in Russian literature, quite often the unnaturalness of the actions of the heroes is revealed against the background of natural beautiful natural beauty.

In the novel, there are two descriptions of the landscape that are not associated with the main characters. They seem to frame the scenes of Katya and Arkady's explanation. Halftones, partial shades are natural, heroes are inscribed in this landscape

("A weak wind, stirring in the ash leaves, quietly moved back and forth ... an even shadow wrapped around Arkady and Katya, only occasionally a bright streak lit up in her hair").

It is Katya who feels nature, her unity with her.

(... indulged in that feeling of complete silence, which is probably familiar to everyone and the charm of which consists in barely conscious, unmoving watching over a wide vital force, continuously rolling around and around us and in ourselves ").

Turgenev casually drops "familiar to everyone", saying that most people are close and extremely understandable about this unity with nature.

The nature and description of Bazarov's grave as a picture of eternity

The last chapter, a kind of epilogue to the novel "Fathers and Sons", is framed by a description of the landscape. This is a frosty day and evening of the wedding of Nikolai Petrovich and Fenechka, Arkady and Katya, and a description of the cemetery where Bazarov is buried. It is noteworthy here that the first landscape is specific, tied to a specific day. The second landscape is outside a specific time (it seems to stretch out in time, the old Bazarovs have been walking to the cemetery for more than one year). This last picture of nature speaks of eternity, in comparison with which all human theories, nothing

(“No matter how passionate, sinful, rebellious heart is hidden in the grave, the flowers growing on it serenely look at us with their innocent eyes; about eternal reconciliation and about endless life ... ").