"Ninth Val" Aivazovsky. Why this is a masterpiece

On the question What is the "ninth shaft"? Posted by the author Mask incognito The best answer is Why exactly the ninth tree is considered the most terrible at the storm at sea? It's just a belief: numerous observations from the shore and from the ship confirm that single or rising high ridges can arise in the open sea, much more than previous ones. However, no correct periodicity in these shafts still noticed. Ancient Greeks were considered the largest and dangerous shaft of the third, in the ancient Romans - the tenth shaft, among the Americans - the seventh. Watch, sitting at the rash sea: Third, and seventh, and ninth, and twelfth shafts can be maximum. So the ninth shaft is not necessarily the strongest and dangerous. However, in Russian, the expression "ninth shaft" became a symbol of formidable danger or the highest lifting of something.
Mathematics calculated the conditions under which the sadly famous "ninth trees" arise - ultra-high waves capable of absorbing any vessel. And they argue that after a set of additional data will be able to determine the places of the most frequent occurrence of such waves.
A group of scientists from Sweden and Germany under the leadership of Padma Shukla presented the first analysis and modeling of nonlinear waves (generating so-called "ninth shafts") arising deeply under water.
The famous "ninth shaft" scares the ships has long been. Since 1995, scientists have become reliably known that this is not a myth. In January 1995, it was possible to carry out the first laser measurement of a giant storm wave.
Oceanographers and mathematics said that the waves with a height of 30 or more meters (in the English-language literature, the term Freak Wave was introduced for them) should occur once every 10,000 years. However, subsequent satellite observations have shown that this is not so.
It turned out that the "killer waves" arise much more often. In fact, observation showed that somewhere in the World Ocean such waves occur at each moment.
Since such a wave can absorb a cruise ship or an oil platform (modern floats are designed to withstand only 15 meter waves, and the giants can reach 60 meters high), scientists and tried to create the theory of such waves.
"The main reason for the occurrence of such waves seems to lift in a process known as non-linear interactions of waves is a specific energy exchange mechanism between the waves, leading to a large growth in the amplitude of the wave, much more than it would be possible through the usual linear superposition of waves," - said co-author of Matthias Markland.
Scientists were attracted to the description and analysis of wave-giants, the system of two nonlinear interacting waves described by the Schrödinger equations, well-proven themselves in quantum mechanics.
It turned out that quantum equations work well here.
"We presented theoretical study The modulation instability of a pair of non-linearly interacting two-dimensional waves on deep water and showed that the complete dynamics of these interactive waves initiates limited wave packets of large amplitudes, "scientists summarize their article.
In fact, scientists with the help of the Schrödinger equation studied the effect of various velocities and angles, which are intersecting in the space two waves.
And it was established that when crossing under a relatively low angle, two waves form a new one, more than twice as high as with ordinary interaction, thereby giving rise to the "ninth shaft".
The results of their work theorists submitted to PHYSICAL REVIEW Letters. And they say that additional satellite and oceanographic observations and statistical calculations are now required. And then they will be able to establish the places of the most likely the emergence of "abnormal" waves.
A source:

Answer from Kavai_elko_х)[guru]
huge, terrible wave

Answer from Andrew[guru]
The ninth shaft - 1) according to an old folk belief, the strongest and dangerous wave during marine storm. 2) B. figurative sense - The symbol of the formidable danger or the highest lifting of something.

Answer from Matvey Dmitriev[newcomer]
?
Ninth Val.
One of the most famous paintings of the Russian artist Marinist Ivan Aivazovsky is kept in the Russian Museum. The painter depicts the sea after the strongest night storm and people who suffered shipwreck.

ninth Val.

according to the old folk belief, the strongest and dangerous wave during the sea storm.

In a figurative sense - a symbol of formidable danger or the highest lifting of something.

Ninth Val.

widespread in art, journalism and spoken Speech The symbol of the terrible danger or the highest lift of the mighty, irresistible force. It is based on an old popular beliefLike D. in. During the sea storm ≈ the strongest and dangerous wave. In the ancient Greeks, the Third, Romans was considered to be a tenth. Symbol D. in. It was very common in Russian poetry19 century, in the revolutionary literature of the beginning of the 20th century; He meets in soviet literature In the poem M. Aliger "Zoya", in Roman I. Ehrenburg "Ninth Val" and other parody use D. in. Danched in the Golden Cleanner I. Ilf and E. Petrov. I. K. Aivazovsky belongs to the picture "Ninth Val".

Wikipedia

Ninth shaft (values)

Ninth Val.:

• Ninth Val. - Wound symbol of force majeure, based on the belief that the ninth wave during the storm is the strongest and dangerous.
• "The Ninth Val" is the picture of the Russian Marinist Artist Ivan Aivazovsky.
• The ninth tree is a village in the Nadezhdinsky district of Primorsky Krai.
• "The Ninth Val" is a satirical magazine published in St. Petersburg in 1906. Two rooms came out.
• "The Ninth Val" is an intellectual telephone (leading - Boris Burda).

Ninth Val (Primorsky Krai)

Ninth Val. - The village in the Nadezhdansky district of Primorsky Krai, together with the villages of Tavrijanka and Davydovka, is part of the Tavrician rural settlement.

The village was formed instead of the headed Fisherovsky collective farm named Chapaev.

The village is located on the shore of the Amur Gulf, 53 kilometers to the north-west of Vladivostok and 16 kilometers west of the district center of the village of Velz-Nadezhdinskoye.

3 km west of the village. The ninth tree is the left bank of the Taurician Limana, the place of the loudspeakers of the River River.

Ninth Val (Painting Aivazovsky)

"Ninth Val" - One of the most famous paintings of the Russian artist-Marinist Ivan Aivazovsky.

The painter depicts the sea after the strongest night storm and people who suffered shipwreck. The rays of the sun illuminate huge waves. The biggest one is the ninth tree - ready to fall on people trying to escape on mast wreckage.

Despite the fact that the ship is destroyed and remained only the mast, people on the mast are alive and continue to fight the elements. The warm tones of the picture make the sea not so harsh and give the viewer the hope that people will be saved.

When I went to kindergartenOn the wall in the game room hung a mysterious picture. Mysterious and terrible. The yellow sun was terrible, barely peeling through the haze and water fog, and the green sea, boiling by waves, was terribly for little men clung to a broken ship mast and masher to someone in a red flag. And the worst thing was the mysterious name of the painting "Ayvazovsky-Ninth-Shaft"

Later, I, like Chukchi out of a joke, found out that this is not one word, but two, and that Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817 - 1900) - the great Russian marinist artist, and the "ninth tree" is his famous picture. And later, I found out that the ninth shaft is the highest, and therefore the most dangerous wave for ships during the storm. And, by the way, it is more dangerous for large, long ships than for small ship. A small ship still has a chance to climb on the top of the water mountain, coming on it, and slide from there to a terrible abyss. Terrible, but already safe. But a large ship can break under its own weight on this very top if the ship's body will nourare the water too high. Therefore, dry cargo services and tankers, if they caught the storm in the open sea, more willingly dissect the storm waves, taking off the blows of the waters, but on the crest of the wave, especially high, do not climb. However, the blow to the blow. Sometimes large ships broke just the force of the mass of water that fell on it.

The fact that the storm for the ship is fatal risk, they also understood the ancient seeds, the Phoenicians and the Greeks. They also noticed that the incident waves periodically change the height. The second wave is higher than the first, third above the second. And then on the ship again raids a relatively low wave. Apparently, this is an empirical observation with a considerable share of subjectivism. After a high wave, the following seems much lower. In any case, mathematical calculations are not confirmed by this observation, but do not reject.

From this observation (and maybe, beliefs) arose a legend of the ninth shaft. According to this legend, the fourth wave (the first in the next "series" of three waves) is lower than the third, but above the first, and the seventh below the sixth, but above the fourth. And above all the ninth wave takes. And for her - just decline.

I repeat that math modeling This legend does not confirm. But marine excitement - an object for mathematicians is very interesting, albeit complex. Already in the eighteenth century were built mathematical models occurrence sea waves. Sea excitement According to these models - the result of the interaction of wind and flows on the border of two stormy elements, air and water. So waves, gently caressing beach sand, let's say, in the Maldives - hello from the ocean storm, growing thousands of kilometers from this paradise. So that people are not too forgotten and not very much blended.

By the same theory, the highest waves appear where sea currents or winds face. Fact known to sailors from their harsh experience. Near Cape Gorn and near Cape Good Hopewhere there are two oceans waters, never calms. Because of the huge waves raging at the southern tip of Africa, Portuguese sailors in the 15th century called this place to the cape of storms. But the king ordered a different name, good hope. They say, to our goal, gold-bearing and spicy india, with hand to hand. Forward guys!

Another place where flows and winds face, forming giant waves, known to everyone. This is a Bermuda Triangle, an extensive area Atlantic Ocean between Florida, Puerto Rico and Bermuda Islands. Huge waves arise here as a result of the interaction of the warm ocean flow, Golf Stream and cold northern winds.

Ivan Aivazovsky. Ninth shaft. 1850, St. Petersburg.

Storm. Wave one after another. Handwood survived after shipwreck. Dawn. Which did not bring relief. Only illuminated the whole horror of what was happening. Chances of salvation a little ...

The ninth shaft is the most famous picture Aivazovsky. She was recognized as a masterpiece on the very first day of the exhibition in a distant 1850. People came to look at it several times. Why? What is so special in this picture?

Let's try to figure out. And in terms of seeing her the most interesting details.

Waves

The legend of the ninth shaft was very popular in the 19th century. Sailors believed that during the ninth storm, the Wave was the largest and most destructive.

Heroes of the paintings met with her. 6 unfortunate sailors. Who cling to life in the raging sea. On a piece of mast a deceased ship.

Waves at Aivazovsky stunning. Through them shines the sun. This effect of transparency, the artist sought a multiple imposition of smears (lesing). Such waves are rare, who will meet.

Look at the pictures of other marinists. Of western Europe. Since in Russia the sea almost no one has depicted. And you will understand the whole genius of Aivazovsky.

Left: Claude Verne (France). Shipwreck. 1763, St. Petersburg. Right: Richard NIBS (). Shipwreck. 19th century. National maritime Museum, London

Wrong waves

Please note that the waves go face from the victims. And not so much they are huge. These death waves reach a height of 20-30 m. On the "ninth shaft" they are not more than 3 m high.

Perhaps Aivazovsky spared his heroes. Showing what they will cope. If he wrote a wave run right on people 30 m, it would be a clean tragedy.

He was an optimist. And in almost every painting with shipwrecks, he softens the tragedy. Adds hope. In the form of the rising sun. Selected people ashore. A seen ship.

Pictures of Aivazovsky. Left: shipwreck. 1864 Museum of Catholicosate "Echmiadzin", Armenia. Right: saving from shipwreck. 1844. State picture gallery Armenia, Yerevan

Everyone was delighted with realistic waves of Aivazovsky. The artist said that he feels the taste of salt when looking at his paintings.

The most interesting thing is that the waves on the "nine shaft" are not correctly depicted! Watching the crests of the wave, the so-called "Aprons" in the open sea are never formed. Only at the shore. When the wave is already rolling onto the beach or rocks.

This does not mean that Aivazovsky did not know that. In 1844, he himself fell into the strongest storm. Then he recalled that many passengers were very frightened. And he, as an abnormal, stood on the deck. In all eyes looked at the racing sea. He absorbed the impressions. For your future paintings.

Why did he portray waves wrong?

Aivazovsky was a romantic. That is, the artist who admired the elements. And emphasized the power of nature with various effects.

Agree, foamed, the swirling wave looks majestic. She is more understandable ordinary person. Than Grozny, the pyramidal shaft of the real wave.

Sky

The sky in the picture "The Ninth Shaft" encouraging. Rising Sun. Clouds are dispelled. They are driven by a strong wind. Purple tint sky. Night retreats.

Aivazovsky was an excellent master. But he was especially able to light effects. He did not use any special paint. However, his sun went out so bright that many believed in the opposite.

Some even looked at the picture. They thought that a candle was standing behind the canvas.

Check yourself: Go online test

Survivors

People on the "ninth shaft" are carefully written. Despite their small sizes. At the same time, their postures and gestures are very expressive. They are desperate. They fight for life from last forces.

Two of them are about to slip. One already falls into the water. The other desperately clings for him. Maybe we see last Minutes their lives.

Another sailor stretched out his hand to the sky: "About the sea, shriven over us!" We see another sailor from the back. He waves with a red rag. The ship is not visible. Moreover, the review is closed by waves. What for? Apparently for good luck.

Please note that people are dressed in oriental clothes. Sonate the ship from a distant country. The viewer does not know these people. They are not his relatives. These are not merchants from the neighboring street.

Such a distance of Aivazovsky adds not by chance. She removes severe alarm. Which would interfere with enjoy the raging sea. And the heroism of people.

As "ninth shaft" affects people

With one famous choreographer David Duson there was one story. He arrived in Petersburg to put ballet in Mariinsky. In the foyer of the theater, he saw the reproduction of the "nine shaft". Surprised little. Reproduction of the same picture hung in his hotel room.

Once at night he woke up and looked at the picture. And horrified. There were no people on the canvas. As if they were washed away! He saw a unkind sign in this. The sign of the failure of its production. Well done, such a reproduction came across. Not at all accurate copy.

In the morning came ran into the theater and calmed down. On reproductions in Mariinsky, people were in place. So hope is.

The ballet premiere was successful.

Why do everyone know the "ninth shaft"?

It's hard to imagine more popular picturethan "ninth shaft". Yes, she is monumental. Grandinian. Works of this level know art historians and fans of painting well. But not people who are far from art. About the "ninth shaft" knows everything decisively. Why?

1. Aivazovsky was the first artist who began to organize personal exhibitions. And not only in St. Petersburg. But B. provincial cities.

2. Aivazovsky has always been for ensuring that his art goes into the masses. From here - postcards with his marins in every shop. Reproductions - in each glass.

Ninth Val.

Picture IK Aivazovsky. Created in 1850, is in Russian Museum. Sizes 221 × 332 cm.

"Ninth Val". Artist I.K. Aivazovsky. 1850:

Russia. Big Linguerous Dictionary. - M.: State Institute of Russian Language. A.S. Pushkin. AST-PRESS. So-called Chernyavskaya, K.S. Miloslavskaya, E.G. Rostov, O.E. Frolova, V.I. Borisenko, Yu.A. VINUN, V.P. Choon. 2007 .

Watch what is the "ninth shaft" in other dictionaries:

Ninth Val. - The ninth tree common symbol of force majeure, based on the belief that the ninth wave during the storm is the strongest and dangerous. "Ninth Val" Satyrian magazine published in St. Petersburg In 1906 ... ... Wikipedia

Ninth Val. - Ninth Val: "Ninth Val" The most famous picture of Ivana Aivazovsky, the world famous Russian artist Marinist "Ninth Val" Satir magazine, published in St. Petersburg in 1906. 2 rooms came the ninth tree village in Nadezhdinsky ... ... Wikipedia

Ninth Val. - The ninth shaft, 1) according to the old folk belief, the strongest and dangerous wave during the sea storm. 2) (in a figurative sense) the symbol of formidable danger or the highest lifting of something ... Modern encyclopedia

Ninth Val. - 1) According to the old folk belief, the strongest and dangerous wave during the sea storms.2) in the figurative sense, the symbol of the formidable danger or the highest lifting of something ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ninth Val. - SUMS., Number of synonyms: 1 wave (35) Dictionary of Synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

ninth Val. - the strongest and dangerous wave, regularly arising during the storm in the seas and oceans ... Dictionary on geography

ninth Val. - Historically established by navigators an idea of \u200b\u200bthe strongest wave at sea during a storm. Sailors consider the biggest wave every fourth, seventh or eleventh. However, most often the greatest height And devastating ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

Ninth Val. - The ninth shaft, 1) according to the old folk belief, the strongest and dangerous wave during the sea storm. 2) (in a figurative sense) a symbol of formidable danger or the highest lifting of something. ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

ninth Val. - (inloom.) About fatal, threatening danger, I have a misfortune that Ninth Wave is about irresistible strength (hint of the power of the ninth shaft). The ninth wave finishes. Cf. Dead without the bottom death is true! As a sworn enemy threatens, the ninth tree runs. A.I. Polezhaev. ... ... Mikhelson's Big Thick-Frazological Dictionary

Ninth Val. - The symbol of the formidable danger or the highest lift of mighty, irresistible force is common in art, journalism and colloquial speech. It is based on an old folk belief that D. in. During the sea storm, the strongest and ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Books

• Ninth Val, Ilya Erenburg. Lifting edition. Moscow, 1953. Soviet writer. Publishing binding. Safety is good. Roman "Ninth Val", written by Ilya Ehrenburg in the post-war period (1951-1952), ...