"Laughter is a noble face" in N. Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General

Introduction

Understanding laughter comedy in the secular version

The Christian essence of laughter in "The Inspector General"

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

The Inspector General is one of the best Russian comedies. She is always interesting both in reading and in theatrical performance... Anyone who has read this comedy asks one of the most important questions: What was Nikolai Gogol laughing at? We will try to figure it out.
Nikolai Gogol began work on the comedy in 1835. It is believed that this plot was suggested to him by A.S. Pushkin. Russian writer Vladimir Sollogub said in his memoirs: “Pushkin met Gogol and told him about an incident in the city of Serdobsk (Penza region, and in the 19th century Saratov province) - about some visiting gentleman posing as a ministry official and robbing everyone city ​​dwellers ".
While working on the play, Gogol wanted to quit writing this comedy several times, but Pushkin told him not to stop working on The Inspector General.
In January 1836, Pushkin read a comedy from V.A. Zhukovsky in the presence of a large group of writers, including A.S. Pushkin, P.A. Vyazemsky and many others. Pushkin and Zhukovsky were in complete admiration, but many did not see the public farce behind the classical screen of the typical plot of the "comedy of mistakes", in which the whole of Russia was designated behind the district town.
N.V. Gogol himself spoke about his work: “In the Inspector General, I decided to collect in one heap everything bad in Russia, which I then knew all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and laugh at everything at once.
Stage destiny the play did not take shape immediately. It was possible to obtain permission for the production only after V.A. Zhukovsky personally convinced the emperor that “there is nothing unreliable in comedy, this is just a funny mockery of the bad provincial officials". And on April 19, 1836, the first production of the comedy took place at the St. Petersburg Alexandria Theater. The Emperor personally watched this performance, he applauded and after the performance he laughed: “Well, a play! Everyone got it, and most of all I got it! "
Comedy has had a significant impact on Russian literature in general and drama in particular. Contemporaries noted her innovative style, depth of generalization and convexity of images.
The first classical critical analysis of The Inspector General belongs to VG Belinsky and was published in 1840. Belinsky noted the continuity of Gogol's satire, which takes its creativity in the works of Fonvizin and Moliere. The governor and Khlestakov are just a living embodiment moral decay Russian society generally.
The phrases in the comedy became winged, and the names of the heroes became common nouns in the Russian language.
The comedy "The Inspector General" remains a key piece of Russian literature of the 19th century and is a must for studying in school.

Understanding laughter comedy in the secular version
In "The Inspector General" the author depicted a district town, typical for Russia of that time, the orders and laws that were established there by officials. These "sovereign servants" were supposed to equip the city, improve life, make life easier for its citizens. But we see that officials strive to improve their lives only for themselves, completely forgetting about their official duties.
At the head county town Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is standing. He considers himself entitled to do whatever he wants - take bribes, steal money from the treasury, and so on. As a result, the city is filthy and poverty-stricken, and it is a mess. It is not for nothing that the mayor is afraid that when the inspector arrives, he will be denounced: “O crafty people! And so, scammers, I think they are already preparing requests from under the counter. "
Gogol notes that the mayor is not stupid in his own way. He started his career from the bottom, achieved his position on their own... In this regard, we understand that Anton Antonovich is a child of the “corruption system” that took shape in the Russian Empire.
So, in the mayor, we see a domineering hypocrite who firmly knows what his benefits are. Lyapkin-Tyapkin is a grumpy philosopher who loves to demonstrate his learning, but only displays his lazy, clumsy mind. Strawberry is a “earpiece” and a flatterer who covers his “sins” with other people's “sins”. Postmaster Shpekin is a fan of peeping through the “keyhole”.
Thus, in Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" we have a portrait of the Russian bureaucracy. We see that these are people called to be a support for the Fatherland, but in fact they are destroyers and destroyers. They think only about themselves, about their own welfare, while forgetting about all the moral and moral laws.
The writer shows that officials are victims of the terrible corruption system that has developed in Russia. They do not notice that they are losing not only theirs professional qualifications but also a human form. They turn into monsters, into slaves of the corruption system.
How did it happen that all these officials, all these thieves in uniforms mistook a visiting rogue for an "important person" from St. Petersburg? Both the dim-witted officials and the clever, seasoned governor easily believed that a person who has lived in a hotel for a long time and has not paid anything is an auditor. Indeed, who else can be the one who is allowed to receive and not pay?
Gogol laughs, and sometimes even mocks his characters. It does this with brief characteristics characters of the comedy in the author's remarks "for gentlemen artists." Their "speaking" surnames also play a role: Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Derzhimorda, Khlestakov, Khlopov. There is no main character in the play. And maybe this the main character- laughter?
Until now, the famous words of the mayor are pronounced differently in theaters: “Why are you laughing? You are laughing at yourself! " Since the time of Gogol, they sounded like a slap in the face to everyone.
The silent scene in the finale of the play looks like Gogol's sentence to the whole bureaucratic kingdom of bribery and untruth.

The Christian essence of laughter in "The Inspector General"
As you know, after staging the comedy, Gogol was annoyed and shocked. He expected the wrong result from a comedy production. He hoped that, as according to the prophet Jonah, the city of Nineveh would turn away from unrighteousness, so Russian vulgarity would be dispelled if a truthful mirror of her prophetic denunciation was placed before it. Not a single Russian writer had aspirations so disproportionate to his capabilities - not a single one had such a cruel disappointment. That there is some extraordinary artistic success in front of all this?
Everything incomprehensible, incomprehensible, a sober reason in limitedness hastens to declare madness. Maybe Gogol's claims themselves are abnormal? They are outside the norm of the vulgarized world, they are unreal in the apostasy of being. But the writer strove for "unreal reality."
Over a century and a half of the "Inspector's" stay in Russian literature - what critics and researchers have not found in him: outstanding artistic merit, down to the finest details, and social criticism political exposures and moral denunciations - and all is fair. They did not want to hear only the prophetic words against apostasy from God, they did not even believe the author when he wanted to explain himself.
Gogol's laugh is a contrast between what the hero says and how he speaks. For example, in the first act, Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky argue over who is the first to tell the news. This scene shouldn't only make you laugh. It is very important for them who exactly will tell. Their whole life is about spreading gossip and rumors. And suddenly they got one piece of news. This is a tragedy. They argue over the case. Bobchinsky needs to be told everything, not to miss anything, otherwise Dobchinsky will complement.
Why is N.V. Gogol still dissatisfied with the premiere? main reason was put not to make the audience laugh, but in the fact that with the caricatured manner of acting the actors in the audience perceived it without being applied to themselves, since the characters were funny. Gogol's plan was designed for the opposite perception: To make the viewer feel that the city indicated in the comedy exists in one place or another in Russia, and the passions and vices of officials are in the soul of each of us. In the "Decoupling of the Inspector" and in the commentary to the play " Theatrical siding", Where actors and spectators discuss comedy, the author seeks to destroy the invisible wall separating the stage and the audience.
About the epigraph, which appeared at the end of 1842, we can say that it strengthens the inner meaning of the "Inspector General", that this folk proverb understands the Gospel itself under the mirror, about which the author's contemporaries, committed to Orthodoxy, knew very well and could support the epigraph, for example, Krylov's fable "The Monkey and the Mirror"
The presentation of the Gospel as a mirror has existed for a long time in the Orthodox consciousness. One of Nikolai Gogol's favorite writers, St. Tikhon of Zadonsk, says: “Christians! As a mirror to the sons of this world, so let the Gospel be to us immaculate life Christ. They look in the mirror and correct their bodies and cleanse the vices on their faces. Let us offer you a clean mirror in front of our soulful eyes and look in it: is our life consistent with the life of Christ? "
Saint righteous john Kronstadt in his diary "My Life in Christ" wrote about those who did not read the Gospel: "Are you pure, holy and perfect, without reading the Gospel, and you do not need to look into this mirror? Or are you very ugly mentally and are afraid of your ugliness?
In Gogol's excerpts from the Holy Fathers, one can find the following entry: “Those who want to cleanse and whiten their face, usually look in the mirror. Christian! Your mirror is the essence of the Lord's commandments, if you put them in front of you and look at them intently, they will reveal to you all the spots, all the blackness, all the ugliness of your soul. "
Gogol also refers to this image in his letters. This can be seen in letters to M.P Pogodin and A.O.Smirnova.
As you know, a Christian will answer The last judgment according to the gospel law. In "The Denouement" Gogol puts into the mouth of the Chief Comic Actor the idea that on the day of the Last Judgment we will be with "crooked mugs."
Gogol himself was a deeply believer, an Orthodox person, he never parted with the gospel.
It is impossible, of course, to create some kind of "mirror" similar to the gospel image. But just as every Christian is obliged to live according to the Commandments and imitate Christ, so the playwright Gogol, to the best of his talent, arranges his mirror on the stage. Any of the spectators could be the monkey from Krylov's fable. But it turned out that the viewer saw not himself, but five or six "gossips". The writer said the same in “ Dead souls"That you will laugh at Chichikov, but one of you, full of Christian humility among you, will ask the question:" Isn't there any part of this Chichikov in me too? "
In the comedy, Gogol made his contemporaries laugh at what they were used to and what they had stopped noticing. Most importantly, they are accustomed to carelessness in spiritual life. The audience laughs at the heroes who die spiritually. Let's look at such examples.
The governor believed that there is no person who does not have any sins behind him. This is how everything is arranged by God. Lyapkin-Tyapkin objected: “Sins are not alike to sins. I tell you openly that I take bribes, but why bribes? Greyhound puppies. This is a completely different matter. "
The judge is sure that bribes by greyhound puppies can be ignored as bribes, "but if a fur coat costs five hundred rubles." Here the Governor, having understood the hint, says: “For this you don’t believe in God, don’t go to church, but I am firm in faith and every Sunday I go to church” ...
The governor believes that he is firm in the faith, the more sincerely he says so, the funnier it turns out. When he goes to Khlestakov, he tells his subordinates that if they ask why the church was not built at a charitable institution, then say that it burned down.
We can say that the Governor, although he believes in God, goes to Sunday services, says that he is sinful, but he cannot even be called a deeply believer, since he does not act in a Christian way. He can be compared with the Pharisees, who only outwardly believe in God, and the Governor only pretends that he is a believer, but in fact is a hypocrite.
With the appearance of Khlestakov, all the bureaucracy moved from simple-mindedness, free-thinking, the habitual doing of any untruth into an attack of fear inherent in criminals awaiting severe retribution. Even that same Lyapkin-Tyapkin says to himself: “Lord God! I do not know where I am sitting, like hot coals under you. " And the governor with fright asks for pardon, pretending to be poor.
Gogol was dissatisfied with the way Khlestakov was played. Khlestakov is a dreamer. He knows what he is saying and what he will say the next moment. As if someone speaks for him, someone sitting in him, tempting all the characters in the play. Isn't he the very king of lies? It seems that Gogol had this in mind. He wanted to portray Khlestakov in the form of the devil-tempter. The heroes of the play, in response to temptations, reveal themselves in their sinfulness.
Khlestakov, tempted by the devil, himself acquires the features of a demon. Gogol said in one of his letters: "The devil boasted to take possession of the whole world, but God did not give him power over the pig." And it is here that Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is described.
The heroes of the play are increasingly feeling a sense of fear, as evidenced by the author's remarks. This fear spread to the audience. After all, there were even those in the hall who were afraid of the real auditors - the servants of the sovereign. Gogol, knowing all this, called them to the Fear of God, to the cleansing of their conscience, which no inspector would be afraid of. The officials, blinded by fear, cannot see Khlestakov's real face. They look at their feet, not at the sky.
The main thought of the Inspector is the thought of spiritual retribution, which every person should expect. The writer, dissatisfied with the way The Inspector General is being staged on stage, decided to reveal this idea in The Inspector General's Decoupling.
Here comes the theme of the Last Judgment. And now the final scene of The Inspector General becomes clear. She is a symbolic picture of the Last Judgment. The appearance of the gendarme, announcing the arrival of the real inspector, has a stunning effect on the heroes of the play.
Gogol gave great importance This "silent scene" he defines the duration in one and a half to two minutes of "petrification of heroes." Each of the characters shows that he can no longer change anything, so he is in front of the Judge. According to Gogol's plan, there should be a general silence of general reflection.
The "denouement" did not give new meaning to the "silent scene", but only clarified its meaning. In the Petersburg Notes, Gogol has the following lines, preceding the "End": "Calm and formidable Great post... A voice seems to be heard: "Stay Christian, look back at your life."
Meanwhile, Gogol's intention did not imply that "living people" artistic allegory... The author only bare main idea comedy, without which it looks like a denunciation of morals.
In the second edition of the end of The Inspector General's Decoupling, Gogol explains his idea. Here the first comic actor responds to the author's intention: “Even if the author had this idea, then in that case he would have acted badly if he had revealed it clearly ... We, thank God, are not children. I thought about what moralizing I can deduce for myself, and attacked the one that I have now told you. "
To the questions of those around him why he alone brought out moralizing, this hero replies: “Why do you think that it was me who brought out moralizing? And why do you consider it distant? On the contrary, I think our own soul is closest to us. At that time I had my soul in my mind, I thought about myself, so I brought out such a moralizing.
It is impossible not to notice that these reflections of the main character The "outcomes" not only do not contradict the content of the "Inspector General", but exactly correspond to it. Moreover, the thoughts expressed are limited for the entire work of Gogol.
The idea of ​​the Last Judgment was to be developed in Dead Souls as well, since it follows from the content of the poem. One of the sketches directly draws a picture of the Last Judgment. There the author also shows the sinfulness of the landowners.
And he also tries to bring them to clean water.

Conclusion
All in all, Christian understanding laughter in the comedy "The Inspector General" is explained by the fact that here the sinfulness of officials, their hypocrisy, and selfishness are ridiculed.
The main theme is the Last Judgment, where it is shown in the final of the comedy in a "silent scene". In general, Gogol encourages readers not only in the Inspector General, but also in other works to think about the Last Judgment. As it is said in the Gospel of Matthew in chapter 3: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand." Likewise, God himself wants people to be saved.
I would like to say that this theme permeates the entire work of Nikolai Gogol, corresponding to his spiritual life, his striving for monasticism. A monk is the very person who has withdrawn from the world and is ready to give an answer at the Last Judgment. Gogol can even be called a kind of worldly monk, since he lived imitating monasticism, he did not have a family, did not have permanent place residence. In his works, he shows that it is not a person who is bad, but the sin that is sitting in him is bad. This was also confirmed by Orthodox monasticism. Gogol believed in strength artistic word, which can point the way to moral revival. It was with this faith that he created the "Inspector General".

1 V. V. Gippius, "Literary communication between Gogol and Pushkin." Scientific notes of Permsky state university, Department of Social Sciences, vol. 2, 1931, pp. 63-77
2 N.V. Gogol "Author's Confession"
3 N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"
4 Book of Jonah 3,1-10
5 V.A.Voropaev "What Gogol Laughed About"
6 Ibid
7 Gogol "Decoupling of the Inspector General"
8 Ibid
9 1st To Timothy the Epistle of the Apostle Paul

Bibliography
1 Jonah 3, 1-10
2.Gospel of Matthew 3, 1-12
3.1 to Timothy the messenger of the Apostle Paul
4. V.V. Gippius "Literary communication between Gogol and Pushkin"
5. N.V. Gogol "Author's Confession"
6. N.V. Gogol "The Inspector General"
7. N.V. Gogol "Decoupling of the Inspector"
8. V.A. Voropaev "What Gogol Laughed About"

He created an excellent comedy The Inspector General, showing us his attitude to society and social problems that existed at that time and, oddly enough, are still relevant in our hour. In his work, the author depicted, as he writes, all the bad things that existed in Russia, all the injustices, so that one can laugh at everything at once. In the work of the author created different heroes, including, which local officials take for an auditor. Having got acquainted with the work, we do not see here goodies, But this is only at first glance. In fact, there is a noble face in the comedy that not everyone notices. Therefore, the author gives his own explanation of the meaning of the Inspector. The writer personally says that there is an honest noble face of comedy in the work. So what is this face?

Laughter in a comedy is an honest, noble face

Strange as it may sound, but it is laughter that the author calls the only honest and noble person. Through ridicule, the author of the satirical work exposed negative heroes... The whole situation described is comical, that the funniest thing is that the officials themselves were deceived, mistaking Khlestakov for someone else, and these are the people who themselves were fraudsters from swindlers.

Laughter accompanies the entire work. But the laughter here is angry, through tears and disappointment. This laugh ridicules the vices of Russian reality. He is like that punishing sword, like that force, formidable and revealing the reality of that time. The author, calling laughter the only honest noble face of comedy, believes that only he can correct society for the better, because even those who are not afraid of anything are afraid of laughter.

Plan
Introduction
Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General" - satirical work.
The comedy expresses the author's critical attitude to contemporary society.
Main part
N.V. Gogol "decided to collect all the bad things in one heap":
a) we see a depressing picture of a county town;
b) out of fear of retribution, officials take Khlestakov for an auditor;
c) upon learning the truth about Khlestakov, officials are amazed;
d) The governor addresses those around him: "Why are you laughing! ..";
Which comedy hero is worthy of sympathy?
According to the author, there is one "noble face" in the comedy - "laughter."
Conclusion
Laughing at vile people is what society can fix.
Comedy N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" is a satirical work. Therefore, it clearly expresses the author's critical attitude to modern society, his social problems, and moral issues, revealed by the example of the characters of the heroes.
As N.V. wrote. Gogol, in "The Inspector General" he "decided to collect in one heap everything bad in Russia, which I knew then, all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and for one
laugh at everything at once. " Therefore, we see a depressing picture of the life of a county town, where lawlessness and arbitrariness rule. People who have power use it not for the good of the people, but for their own personal enrichment. Moreover, they are mentally and morally wretched, low, mean. Out of fear of retaliation, they take Khlestakov for an inspector - a nonentity, they believe his lies and do not believe the truth. Therefore, when the truth is revealed, they are amazed how they could have been so deceived. And Khlestakov himself did not even understand what role he played. The mayor repents publicly: how could he? “I have been living in the service for thirty years; not a single merchant, not a contractor could cheat, cheated swindlers on swindlers, rogues and rogues such that they were ready to rob the whole world, cheated on the hook ”. And he turns to those around him: "Why are you laughing! .."
Indeed, which of the characters in the comedy deserves sympathy? Deceived officials? But they themselves are crooks and scoundrels. Khlestakov? Complaining merchants? There is no positive hero in Gogol's comedy.
The author himself wrote that in his comedy there is one honest, noble face - "laughter." This is not an entertaining laugh, but a formidable one, like a punishing force. Even those who are not afraid of anything are afraid of laughter. The governor is afraid of one thing: that there will be an author, "will put you in a comedy", "and everyone will bite their teeth and beat their hands."
Laughter at dishonest and vile people is the only thing that can correct society if these people, fearing to become a laughing stock, manage to change morally. The author of the immortal comedy fervently believed in this and hoped for it.

As in the comedy of N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" sounds the author's "laughter through tears"?

The positive ideal of N.V. Gogol in the comedy "The Inspector General" sounds in all the pathos of the narrative, in the structure and style of the comedy, in copyright to the described. And the author himself wrote: “It is strange: I am sorry that no one noticed the honest face who was in my play. Yes, there was one honest, noble person who acted in her throughout her entire continuation. This honest, noble face was - laughter. "

Gogol conceived a "public" comedy in the spirit of Aristophanes, where we see a combination of crude comic and political satire. At the same time, the writer strove to create a comedy national in spirit, conveying all the absurdity of real Russian life. “I wanted to collect everything bad in Russia in one heap and at one time ... laugh at everything,” Gogol wrote.

Researchers and critics noted the originality of this work - there was no love element in it, there were no good characters. But this play was seen as a poignant social and moral satire. And she only benefited from this. What techniques does the writer use?

One of them is the use of illogisms based on "seemingly absurd inferences." And we can see this already in the set itself. Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky came to the Governor with their message that a young man had been living in the hotel for two weeks, he hadn’t paid money, looked into the plates of visitors, and the road trip was registered for him in Saratov. From all these facts, officials and the Governor conclude that they are facing an auditor. Here we just see the use of such illogism.

Gogol's satire is also evident in his portrayal of city officials. And here, indeed, the author's laughter "through tears" is embodied. Riots reign in the city, theft and arbitrariness are all around. The governor takes bribes from merchants, from the parents of recruits, appropriates money intended for the construction of a church, whips a non-commissioned officer's widow, does not give food to prisoners. On the streets of the city - "tavern, uncleanness." The judge, who has held this position for 15 years, takes bribes with "greyhound puppies". In his papers, "Solomon himself will not allow what ... is true and what is not true." Trustee charitable institutions Strawberry believes that an ordinary person “if he dies, he will die anyway; if he recovers, he will get better anyway. " Instead of oat soup, he gives the sick one cabbage. Postmaster Shnekin opens other people's letters and keeps them with him. In a word, sins are found behind each of the officials, which give rise to a feeling of fear in their souls. Nepotism, nepotism, bribery, careerism, honor, formal attitude to business and failure to fulfill their direct duties, ignorance, low intellectual and cultural level, disdain for the people - these features are characteristic of the world of city officials in Gogol's comedy.

To create these images, the writer uses various artistic means: author's remarks, letters (Chmykhov's letter outlines some personal qualities The governor, Khlestakov's letter to Tryapichkin contains a derogatory description of all officials), comic situations (Anton Antonovich puts on a paper case instead of a hat). The characters' speech is individualized. So, the Governor often uses clericalism, vernacular, swear words, idiomatic expressions... The language of Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is bright, figurative in its own way, sometimes ironic intonations are heard in the speech (“until now ... we were approaching other cities,” “I got to Alexander the Great,” “I’ll give a pepper,” “what bullets are pouring out!”).

The researchers noted that the inner spring that binds and develops the relations of the heroes is the desire of the heroes (Khlestakov and Gorodnichy) to become taller. Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky directly tells the audience about his dream, Khlestakov also wants, according to Gogol, "to play a role higher than his own." And this unity of Khlestakov and Gorodnichy creates the tragicomic grotesque of the play, makes possible the exceptional situation of the presence of a false auditor in the city. The scene of Khlestakov's lies is indicative in this respect. Many critics consider it a climax, as the hero actually confirmed that he is an important official. However, the author exposes his character with one small remark. Noticing that "tomorrow he will be promoted to field marshal", Khlestakov slipped and "almost fell to the floor." This is how it opens up to us author's position: N.V. Gogol laughs at the fact that the dummy was mistaken for a significant person.

"Laughter is a noble face" in Nikolai Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General"

Explaining the meaning of The Inspector General, N. V. Gogol pointed to the role of laughter: “I am sorry that no one noticed the honest person who was in my play. Yes, there was one honest, noble person who acted in her throughout her entire continuation. This honest, noble face was - laughter. "
Close friend NV Gogol, wrote that modern Russian life does not provide material for comedy. To which Gogol replied: "Comedy is hidden everywhere ... Living among him, we do not see him ... but if the artist transfers him to art, to the stage, then we ourselves will roll with laughter."
N.V. Gogol herself becomes the object of satire modern life in her comically ugly manifestations. Already at the heart of the plot itself is a comedic inconsistency: a person is not taken for who he really is. But the author resolves this situation in a new way: Khlestakov does not impersonate anyone. Khlestakov's unintentional actions confused everyone, and his frankness deceived the officials and the mayor, who himself “deceived swindlers from among swindlers”. Happening and revealed the truly ugly and funny Face people, caused a laugh at them. It was a laugh through tears - an angry laugh through tears of bitterness and indignation. The author laughs not at specific personalities, but at the vices of Russian reality, it is not for nothing that at the end it is thrown into the laughing hall: "You are laughing at yourself."
It becomes both funny and bitter when we read about the order in the district town: "geese with goslings" dart about in public places, and the assessor always smells of vodka; what demoniac teachers teach at the school; the healer Christian Ivanovich does not know a single word in Russian; letters are opened in the mail to satisfy the curiosity of the postmaster, and the police "for order" put everyone in a row, and so on.
Exactly this satirical image allowed N.V. Gogol to clearly express his indignation at administrative arbitrariness and predation, petty self-serving characters of people vested with power.
But there are quite a few just funny comic situations in the play. For example, the urgent orders of the mayor: “Let everyone take it down the street ...”, or the replica “Instead of a hat, puts on a paper case”, etc. Khlestakov is absurd and ridiculous, screaming in fear and pounding his fist on the table: “What right do you have ? ... I'll go straight to the minister! " And how "magnificent" he is in the scene of lies, having made in a few minutes dizzying career from a scribe of papers to a field marshal.
All this makes the play lively, reliable and helps the reader and viewer to purify their souls with the help of laughter, because, exposing everything bad, the writer believes in the triumph of justice, which will prevail.

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11. I laughed right away when I just read the topic of the essay. Indeed, what is a person's need for laughter? Funny question! Laughter is the essence of our life! Joy, happiness and light, humor ...
12. How did the officials perceive Khlestakov's story about life in St. Petersburg (“The Inspector General” by N. V. Gogol)? When completing the assignment, describe the nature of Khlestakov's behavior with officials, his desire to derive the maximum benefit from the current situation. Remember ...
13. The only muse of Alexander Blok was his wife Lyubov Mendeleeva, whose marriage did not work out for a number of reasons. Nevertheless, the poet dedicated the overwhelming majority of his lyric poems to this woman ...
14. JAPANESE LITERATURE Retellings V.S.Sanovich Abe Kobo Alien face Roman-parable (1964) A researcher, head of a laboratory at the Institute of High Molecular Chemistry, during an experiment burned his face with liquid oxygen, which is why everything ...
15. Nikolai Gogol's literary fame was brought by the collection “Evenings on a Farm near Dykanka” (1831-1832), full of Ukrainian ethnographic and folklore material, marked by romantic moods, lyricism and humor. Stories from the collections "Mirgorod" ...
16. Condemning the callousness and heartlessness of Bashmachkin's colleagues who mocked him, and “ significant person”, Which actually turned out to be an immoral insignificant cowardly type, the author uses the means of realism. This is also an internal logic ...
17. Russian literature 1st half of the XIX century Why does N. V. Gogol end the comedy "The Inspector General" with a "silent scene"? The brilliant Gogol comedy was written in St. Petersburg in the fall of 1835 - in the winter and spring of 1836 ...
18. The great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky said that the task of poetry is “to extract the poetry of life from the prose of life and to shake the soul faithful image life ”. Just such a writer, amazing ...
19. In the minds of N. V. Gogol there has always been an image of an ideal city, with a wonderful, “soulful” atmosphere. The cities of his life were Petersburg, and then Rome. Even in the years of gymnasium Gogol and in dreams, ...
20. 1835 was a turning point in the work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Together with “Mirgorod”, the first of the “Petersburg stories” was created, which is considered the pinnacle of Gogol's short prose. "Portrait", "Nose", "Notes of a Madman" were opened the latest reality...
21. There is no doubt that N.V. Gogol's laughter had predecessors. This laughter originated in Fonvizin's comedies, in Krylov's fables, in Pushkin's epigrams, in Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit. Over what ...
22. Gogol created his works in the historical conditions that developed in Russia after the failure of the first revolutionary action - the Decembrist uprising of 1825. The new socio-political situation has put before the leaders of the Russian public ...
23. Russian literature of the 1st half of the 19th century Lyrical digressions in N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" Lyrical digressions - the author's expression of his feelings and thoughts in connection with the depicted in the work ....
24. Everything that is best in the world, everything goes either to the chamber-junkers or to the generals. If you find yourself a poor wealth, you think to get it with your hand, a chamber-cadet or a general rips you off. N.V. Gogol ...
25. THE CLASSICS OF A. S. GRIBOEDOV WHAT IS HIDDEN BEYOND THE TITLE OF THE COMEDY “Woe from Wit” by A. S. GRIBOEDOV The comedy by A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” is unusual, intriguing, downright out of the ordinary ...
Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century The image of the road in Nikolai Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" The theme of Russia and its future has always worried writers and poets. Many of them tried to predict ...
26. Chichikov's meeting with Nozdrev in the tavern (analysis of an episode from the fourth chapter of the first volume of NV Gogol's poem “Dead Souls”) Plan I. Description of Nozdryov. II. Conversation between Nozdryov and Chichikov. III. What kind...
27. The poet V.V. Mayakovsky entered our consciousness, into our culture mainly as an “agitator, gorlan, ringleader”. He really stepped towards us “through lyrical volumes, as if he were living with living speaking”. His...