Unusual pictures for the development of memory and attention. Pictures for the development of memory and attention: exercising while having fun Optical illusions for training memory

13.06.2019

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We are used to taking the world around us for granted, so we do not notice how our brain deceives its own masters.

The imperfection of our binocular vision, unconscious false judgments, psychological stereotypes and other distortions of the worldview are the reason for the appearance of optical illusions. There are a lot of them, but we have tried to collect for you the most interesting, crazy and incredible ones.

Impossible figures

At one time, this genre of graphics was so widespread that it even received its own name - Impossibilism. Each of these figures seems quite real on paper, but exist in physical world simply cannot.

Impossible trident

The classic blight is perhaps the most bright representative optical drawings from the category " impossible figures". No matter how hard you try, you will not be able to determine where the middle tooth originates.

Another vivid example – impossible triangle Penrose.

It is in the form of the so-called "endless staircase".

And also the "impossible elephant" by Roger Shepard.

Ames room

Optical illusion issues interested Adelbert Ames Jr. with early childhood... After becoming an ophthalmologist, he did not stop his studies of depth perception, which resulted in the famous Ames room.

How Ames' room works

In a nutshell, the effect of Ames' room can be conveyed as follows: it seems that two people are standing in the left and right corners of its back wall - a dwarf and a giant. Of course, this is an optical trick, and in fact these people are of quite normal height. In reality, the room has an elongated trapezoidal shape, but due to the false perspective it appears to us rectangular. The left corner is farther away from the gaze of visitors than the right one, and therefore the person standing there seems so small.

Illusions of movement

This category of optical tricks is of most interest to psychologists. Most of them are based on the subtleties of color combinations, object brightness and their repetition. All these tricks mislead our peripheral vision, as a result of which the perception mechanism gets confused, the retina captures the image intermittently, in leaps and bounds, and the brain activates the areas of the cortex that are responsible for recognizing movement.

Floating star

It's hard to believe that this picture is not an animated gif format, but an ordinary optical illusion. The drawing was created by Japanese artist Kaya Nao in 2012. A pronounced illusion of movement is achieved due to the opposite direction of the patterns in the center and along the edges.

There are quite a few such illusions of motion, that is, static images that appear to be moving. For example, the famous revolving circle.

Or yellow arrows on a pink background: upon closer look, it seems that they are swaying back and forth.

Caution, this image may cause pain in the eyes or dizziness in people with weak vestibular apparatus.

Honestly, this is an ordinary picture, not a gif! Psychedelic spirals seem to drag you somewhere into a universe full of oddities and wonders.

Reverse illusions

The most numerous and funniest genre of illusion drawings is based on changing the direction of looking at a graphic object. The simplest flip-flops simply need to be rotated 180 or 90 degrees.

Two classic shape-shifting illusions: nurse / old woman and beauty / ugly.

A more highly artistic picture with a trick - when turned 90 degrees, the frog turns into a horse.

Other "double illusions" have a more subtle background.

Girl / old woman

One of the most popular dual images was published in 1915 in the cartoon magazine Puck. The caption to the picture read: "My wife and mother-in-law."

Old people / Mexicans

Elderly married couple or the Mexicans singing with the guitar? Most of them first see old people, and only then their eyebrows turn into sombreros, and their eyes turn into faces. The authorship belongs to the Mexican artist Octavio Ocampo, who created many pictures of illusions of a similar nature.

Lovers / dolphins

Surprisingly, the interpretation of this psychological illusion depends on the person's age. As a rule, children see dolphins frolicking in the water - their brain, which is not yet familiar with sexual relationships and their symbols, simply does not isolate two lovers in this composition. Older people, on the other hand, first see a couple, and only then dolphins.

The list of such dual pictures is endless:

In the picture above, most people first see the face of an Indian, and only then move their gaze to the left and distinguish a silhouette in a fur coat. The image below is usually interpreted by everyone as a black cat, and only then a mouse appears in its contours.

A very simple flip-flop picture - something like this can be easily done with your own hands.

Illusions of color and contrast

Alas, human eye imperfect, and in our assessments of what we saw (without noticing it ourselves) we often rely on the color environment and the brightness of the background of the object. This leads to very interesting optical illusions.

Gray squares

Optical illusions of colors are one of the most popular types of optical illusion. Yes, squares A and B are painted the same color.

This trick is possible due to the peculiarities of our brain. A shadow without sharp boundaries falls on square B. The darker "environment" and the smooth gradient of the shadow make it appear to be significantly lighter than square A.

Green spiral

There are only three colors in this photo: pink, orange and green. Don't believe me? Here's what you get when you replace pink and orange with black.

Is the dress white and gold or blue and black?

However, color-based illusions are not uncommon. Take, for example, the white and gold or black and blue dress that conquered the Internet in 2015. What color was this mysterious dress actually, and why different people perceived it differently?

The explanation of the dress phenomenon is very simple: as in the case of gray squares, it all depends on the imperfect chromatic adaptation of our organs of vision. As you know, the human retina consists of two types of receptors: rods and cones. The rods fix the light better, and the cones fix the color better. Each person has a different ratio of cones and rods, so the definition of the color and shape of an object is slightly different depending on the dominance of one or another type of receptor.

Those who saw the dress in white and gold drew attention to the brightly lit background and decided that the dress was in the shade, which means that White color should be darker than usual. If the dress seemed blue and black to you, then your eye first of all drew attention to the main color of the dress, which in this photo really has blue tint... Then your brain judged that the golden hue was black, lightened by the sun's rays directed at the dress and the poor photo quality.

In reality, the dress was blue with black lace.

And here is another photo that baffled millions of users who could not decide in any way whether the wall in front of them or the lake.

As you know, our brain consists of two hemispheres: left and right. In this case, the right hemisphere mainly "serves" the left side of the body: it takes most information from the left eye, ear, left hand, leg, etc. and transmits commands, respectively, to the left hand, leg. The left hemisphere serves the right side.

As you know, our brain consists of two hemispheres: left and right.

In this case, the right hemisphere mainly "serves" the left side of the body: accepts most of the information from the left eye, ear, left arm, leg, etc. and transmits commands, respectively, to the left hand, leg.

The left hemisphere serves the right side.

Usually, one of the human hemispheres is dominant, which is reflected in the individual properties of the personality. For example, left-brain people are more attracted to science. Right brains are more eager to engage in art or areas of activity that require individual imaginative solutions. The overwhelming majority of great creators - composers, writers, poets, musicians, artists, etc. - "right-brain" people.

How to identify the dominant hemisphere

Test 1

Name the colors, not what is written. Right hemisphere the brain - recognizes colors, the left - reads. This exercise balances the hemispheres and trains their interaction. For safety - the test starts and ends with the 'correct' word-color combinations.

Test 2

Optical effects - chiaroscuro forms a three-dimensional image. In a picture or photograph, you can see a lunar crater, and turning 180 degrees - a mountain, and this is not only an illusion, but a feature of vision, a visual habit of the eye that the sun's daylight comes from top to bottom.

Lunar craters (first photo). When the photo is rotated 180 degrees (second photo), “mountains” appear in the picture.

Test 3

Optical illusions (optical illusion, glitches) - picture rotation, flickering and others visual illusions... If you look too long, there is an aftereffect (turning your gaze to the side, at White background, you can see the same picture).

Normal, but regular (in the morning and in the afternoon) training of the vestibular apparatus (turns, tilts, rotations, stretching up, standing on toes and looking up) - develops a sense of balance and coordination of movements, as well as strengthens the psyche and stabilizes certain field structures of a person (stability so called astral body etc.)

In case of increased blood pressure, headaches and dizziness during training, temporarily focus on both points of E36 (tszu-san-li), or perform a light acupressure to align your energy along the meridians. Be grounded in time - by everyday, household chores, physical education and sports, walks in nature.

Note: look at the pictures "Optical illusions" - no longer than 15 minutes in a row, so as not to shake your psyche.

Test 4

According to rzelulattas, Ilsseovadny odongo anligysokgo unviertiseta, it doesn’t exist, there are bkuvs in solva in kokam pryokda. Galvone, chotby preavya and pslloendya bkwuy blyi on msete. Osatlyne bkuvy mgout seldovt in a ploonm bsepordyak, everything is torn tkest chtaitseya without wandering. Pichriony egoto is that we do not chiate every day, but everything is solvo.

Test 5

What do you see?

If a girl, you have a developed right hemisphere of the brain. If the old woman is left.

Test 6

Find the man's head in this picture (look no more than 3 minutes).

If you have coped with the task:

in less than 3 seconds, then your right hemisphere of your brain is better developed than most people;

within 1 minute is a normal result;

if within 1-3 minutes. - your right hemisphere is poorly developed, you need to eat more meat protein;

if the search took you more than 3 minutes - not good ...

Test 7

Below is a picture, upon examination of which, depending on which hemisphere of your brain is active, the object will move in a certain direction. In this case, either clockwise or counterclockwise. So…

If you see this girl moving clockwise, then you have an active right hemisphere in this moment... If it moves counterclockwise, then you are using the left hemisphere. Some can see her moving in both directions.

Try making it move in the opposite direction using the other hemisphere. Can you do it.

Look to the side and look at the girl again, after a while she will start moving in the opposite direction. Also, some people discovered that you can look at her legs and she will again change the direction of movement.

Experiments have shown that two different areas the brain is responsible for different types mental activity.

Usually, people use only one hemisphere, which is characteristic of their type of thinking. But there are individuals who work with both hemispheres.

There are schools that favor one hemisphere over the other. This is how schools developing the left hemisphere focus on logical thinking, analysis and accuracy. Whereas the Right Brain School focuses on aesthetics, feelings and creativity.

And on a note:

Areas of specialization for the left hemisphere:

Verbal information processing: The left hemisphere of your brain is responsible for your language skills. This hemisphere controls speech, as well as the ability to read and write.

It also remembers facts, names, dates and their spelling.

Analytical thinking: The left hemisphere is responsible for logic and analysis. It is it that analyzes all the facts.

Literal understanding of words: The left hemisphere can only understand the literal meaning of words.

Consistent thinking: Information is processed by the left hemisphere sequentially in stages.

Mathematical ability: Numbers and symbols are also recognized by the left hemisphere.

Logical, analytical approaches, which are necessary for solving mathematical problems, are also a product of the work of the left hemisphere.

Control over the movements of the right half of the body. When you lift right hand, this means that the command to raise it came from the left hemisphere.

Areas of specialization for the right hemisphere:

Non-verbal information processing: The right hemisphere specializes in processing information, which is expressed not in words, but in symbols and images.

Parallel information processing: Unlike the left hemisphere, which processes information only in a clear sequence, the right hemisphere can simultaneously process a lot of different information. It is able to look at the problem as a whole without applying analysis.

The right hemisphere also recognizes faces, and thanks to him we can perceive the totality of traits as a whole.

Spatial orientation: The right hemisphere is responsible for the perception of location and spatial orientation in general. It is thanks to the right hemisphere that you can navigate the terrain and make mosaic puzzle pictures.

Musicality: Musical ability, as well as the ability to perceive music depends on the right hemisphere, although, however, for musical education the left hemisphere answers.

Metaphors: With the help of the right hemisphere, we understand metaphors and the results of the work of someone else's imagination. Thanks to him, we can understand not only the literal meaning of what we hear or read. For example, if someone says: "He is hanging on my tail," then just the right hemisphere will understand what exactly this person wanted to say.

Imagination: The right hemisphere gives us the ability to daydream and fantasize. With the help of the right hemisphere, we can compose various stories. By the way, the question "What if ..." is also asked by the right hemisphere.

Artistic ability: The right hemisphere is responsible for the visual arts ability.

Emotions: Although emotions are not a product of the functioning of the right hemisphere, it is more closely related to them than the left.

Sex: The right hemisphere is responsible for sex, if, of course, you are not too concerned with the very technique of this process.

Mystic: The right hemisphere is responsible for mysticism and religiosity.

Dreams: The right hemisphere is also responsible for dreams.

Controls the movements of the left half of the body: When you lift left hand, this means that the command to raise it came from the right hemisphere.published by If you have any questions on this topic, ask them to the specialists and readers of our project

Vision is the most important of the five human feelings... Having seen an object with our own eyes, we will remember it much faster and understand its purpose than by feeling, smelling or tasting it.

There is an ancient Indian legend about three blind men who were asked to touch the elephant and say what it looks like. One of them ran his fingers over an elephant's leg and said that an elephant resembles a tree or a column. The one who got the trunk assumed that the elephant was a thick rope. The third came “from the rear” and, bumping into the tail, agreed that the elephant looked like a rope, but not thick, but thin, with a tassel at the end.

And only a sighted person, seeing the legs, ears, trunk and tail at the same time, will understand what an elephant is and how it looks like, and will remember it.

What we see makes a much stronger impression on us than with any other form of perception - it is not for nothing that it is said that it is better to see once than hear a hundred times.

Therefore, visual memory, which is responsible for the preservation and reproduction / recognition of the images imprinted in it, is the most important type memory, making it easier for a person to adapt to environment... It helps to navigate the terrain, to memorize the special signs of landscapes, objects, human faces etc.

Such memory is important for representatives of many professions: artists, travelers, military, police.

Specialists identify the following types of visual memory:

Iconic - information obtained with its help is stored for less than a second, and, without being used at the very soon, is forgotten.
Short-term - you can use it for half a minute, then everything you see leaves the memory.
Long-term - memory that is preserved for a long time - for days, weeks, months and even years. Such memorization requires either a very strong impression or concentrated attention and effort of will.

V separate species the so-called eidetic, or figurative memory, which is usually characteristic of creative individuals- for example, artists, as well as children.

In most adults, eidetic memory gradually weakens as they grow older and schooling giving way to memory for symbols - letters, numbers, formulas, etc., that is, it is easier for them to remember and reproduce what is written in letters or numbers than what is depicted in the picture.

The Russian marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky possessed an excellent eidetic memory. He could achieve almost photographic accuracy in his paintings. Assuming to portray seascape, he examined it for about 5 minutes, and then, closing his eyes, tried to verbally describe in great detail.

It is generally accepted that such traits as good visual memory and attentiveness are inherent in people from birth. Someone has “tenacious” memory and attention since childhood, someone hasn’t, and it’s impossible to influence it. But this point of view is fundamentally wrong.

In fact, one and the other can rather be compared with muscles: along with muscles, attention and memory lend themselves to training, and without it weaken. A person is capable of developing these qualities in himself at any age, and for this, as well as for physical training, there are special exercises.

Drawing, as well as what can be called a mental diary, perfectly trains visual memory. Going to bed, you need to remember as accurately as possible all the events of the past day.

It is necessary to remember in all the details, trying not only to record what happened, but also to visualize everything that happened during the day.

In addition to training eidetic memory, this exercise is a great way to cope with insomnia. If, remembering the whole day, you have not fallen asleep, start remembering the events of yesterday.

Training memory and attention with pictures

Another way to train visual memory is to look at unusual pictures. It is playful in nature and will be interesting for both children and adults. Such pictures train concentration, resilience and attention span. There are several types of such puzzle drawings. They are divided into pictures based on:

illusions of perception of the depth of the image (a two-dimensional image is perceived by the eye as three-dimensional):

illusions of movement (a still picture, if you look closely at it, it seems to be moving, "comes to life"):
the effect of "shifters" - the image changes depending on the position from which to look at it. When you rotate a picture 180 or 90 degrees, a different picture appears on the picture. An example is such an illustration to the fable by I.A. Krylova "The Crow and the Fox":

The picture depicts a crow with a piece of cheese in its beak, but turning it upside down, we will see another heroine of the fable:

effect of "chameleon" - in one drawing there is one more, two or more images that must be managed to be examined: for example, looking into the face of an old man, you can see a rider, as well as a lying human figure wrapped in a veil.
optical illusion - this concept means an erroneous visual perception of an image, pushing the brain to wrong conclusions. In this case, the brain sees in the picture what is actually not there. For example, when looking at this picture, it may seem that it depicts an eye, however, looking closely, it becomes clear that the first impression is incorrect:

Known to everyone from childhood, mysterious pictures in which the desired image is hidden among many lines drawn, at first glance, rather chaotically (usually under them there is an inscription like: "Here is a hunter. And where is the hare?"), Are also among the tests for training of visual memory and the ability to concentrate and switch attention.

For more interesting and complicating tasks, their execution can be limited to a certain period of time - for example, to find the notorious hare in 1 minute.

One way to train your mindfulness is to look at the pictures and then answer questions that will help you determine how closely you have examined them.

For example, the following picture depicts a tourist camp: a tent, a bonfire with a kettle hanging over it, a tablecloth spread on the grass.

It is not so difficult to answer the proposed 9 questions. The number of cutlery on the tablecloth makes it possible to calculate that there are four tourists in the camp.

A cobweb twisted between a tree trunk and a tent string attached to it suggests that they arrived here a few days ago. The oars leaning against the trunk help to guess that they are traveling in a kayak, and a chicken pecking at something suggests that there is a village nearby. There are only five unanswered questions - answer them.

Scientists argue that different hemispheres of the human brain are responsible for different forms of intellectual activity: the right one is in charge creativity, fantasy, imagination and visual memory, and the left - logic and rational thinking.

Total

In the past, both hemispheres played the same role in the development of a person's thinking abilities, but due to the fact that recent decades the emphasis in education is constantly placed on logical activity controlled by the left hemisphere, the right one turns out to be insufficiently loaded and therefore insufficiently developed.

For this reason suffers creative potential, thinking is squeezed in the close confines of logic and rationalism.

The fight against this should be started in preschool and younger school age until the stereotypes of thinking stereotypes were formed in the heads of children.

But even when it comes about an adult, such imbalances in the perception of the surrounding world can be corrected. The development of visual memory and attention is the way to overcome them.

Optical illusion - an impression of a visible object or phenomenon that does not correspond to reality, that is, an optical illusion of sight. Some visual deceptions have long had scientific explanation others are still a mystery.

Optical illusions: optical illusion

The information our eye collects is in some way inconsistent with the source. Optical illusions can cause serious headaches. Therefore, such things should be treated with caution.

There are three main types of illusion:

1. Literal optical illusions

These optical illusions are considered to be the simplest. They are characterized by the difference in the image (that is, the perception of the image) and the actually existing tangible objects that make up the picture.

A literal optical illusion makes us see objects or figures that are not at all those depicted in the pictures.

2. Physiological optical illusions

These illusions overstimulate the eyes and brain. of a certain type(brightness, color, size, position, tilt, movement).

3. Cognitive optical illusions

These illusions are the result of our brain's mistaken perception of the image and unconscious inferences.

We keep collecting the coolest optical illusions. be careful: some of them can cause watery eyes, nausea and disorientation in space.

So, each of the following optical illusions is capable of blowing up our brain.

Do you see three pretty girls?

Now let's flip the image

Our brains rarely encounter inverted images, so they cannot notice distortions in them.

Illusion 13 people

Initially, we see 12 people here, but after moving another one appears, the 13th

Which way is the window open?

You can change direction just by thinking about it

Distortion of perception of movement

These blocks do not move one after another - their speed is the same

Fill with color

Look at the black dot in the center. Keep looking at it when the picture changes.

Saw color photograph? Now look away from the point.

Contrast simulation

The squares on the left appear to be darker than the squares on the right.

However, they are actually the same color.

Ames room

The irregular room used to create a three-dimensional optical illusion was designed by the American ophthalmologist Albert Ames in 1934.

Dynamic brightness gradient

Slowly move your eyes closer to the screen and the "light" in the middle will become brighter

Move it back and it becomes weak again.

Vanishing points

Concentrate on the green dot in the middle.

After a while, the yellow dots will disappear one by one. In fact, they remain in place, just static frames disappear from our consciousness if they are surrounded by constantly changing images.