Where Exupery lived. Antoine Saint Exupery: Biography

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger De Saint-Exupery (Fr. Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupéry). Born on June 29, 1900 in Lyon, France - died on July 31, 1944. French writer, poet and professional pilot.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery was born in the French city of Lyon, originated from the ancient race of Perigor's nobles, and was the third of the five children of the Viscount Jean de Saint-Exupery and his wife Marie de Folomb. In age four years Lost Father. Education little Antoine Mother was engaged.

In 1912, at the Aviation Field in the Ambater, Saint-Exupery was for the first time climbed into the air on the aircraft. The machine was ruled by the famous pilot Gabriel Wromblevski.

Exupery enrolled in the school of Christian Brothers St. Bartholomew in Lyon (1908), then with Brother Francois studied at Jesuit College of St. Crook in Manse - until 1914, after which they continued to study in Fribur (Switzerland) in Maristers College, prepared to admission to Ecole Naval (passed preparatory Course Naval Lyceum Saint-Louis in Paris), but did not pass the competition. In 1919, he was recorded by the Volo pilot to the Academy of Fine Arts on the Department of Architecture.

The turning in his fate was 1921 - then he was called to the army in France. Interrupting the delay, received by him when entering the Higher Educational Institution, Antoine was signed up in the 2nd regiment of fighter aviation in Strasbourg. First, it is determined to the working team at repair shops, but soon he manages to pass the exam on a civil pilot. It is translated into Morocco, where he receives the rights of a military pilot, and then sent to improve the ISTR. In 1922, Antoine ends courses for stock officers in Avora and becomes younger lieutenant. In October, he receives an appointment in the 34th Aviation Regiment in Bourget under Paris. In January 1923, the first aircraft crash is happening to him, it receives a cranial injury. In March, his commission. Exupery moved to Paris, where he was betrayed by writing works. However, on this field, he initially did not have success and was forced to take for any job: he traded cars, he was a seller in a bookstore.

Only in 1926, Exupery found his calling - became the pilot of the Aeropostal company, which delivered mail on the northern coast of Africa. In the spring, he begins to work on the transport of mail on the line Toulouse - Casablanca, then Casablanca - Dakar. On October 19, 1926, he was appointed head of the Intermediate Station Cap-Jubi (Villa Bens), on the very edge of the Sahara.

Here he writes his first work - "Southern Postal".

In March 1929, St. Exupery returned to France, where he entered the highest aircounds sea Fleet In Brest. Soon, Gallimar's publishing house released a novel "Southern Postal", and Exupery leaves for South America as a technical director of Aeropostan - Argentina, a branch of Aeropostal. In 1930, St. Exupery produces the Order of the Honorary Legion for the contribution to the development civil aviation. In June, he personally participated in the search for his friend Letchik Guiome, who was crashed at the flight through the Andes. In the same year, St. Exupery writes "Night Flight" and meets his future wife Consuelo from El Salvador.

In 1930, St. Exupery returned to France and received a three-month-to-month vacation. In April, he made a marriage with Consuelo Sunxin (April 16, 1901 - May 28, 1979), but spouses, as a rule, lived separately. On March 13, 1931, the Aeropostal company was announced bankrupt. Saint Exupery returned to work as a pilot of the postal line France - South America And served Casablanca - Port Etienne - Dakar. In October 1931, "Night flight" is published, and the writer is awarded the Femin's literary premium. He takes a vacation again and moves to Paris.

In February 1932, Exupery again begins to work in Lateoera airlines and flies by the second pilot on the hydroplane serving the line Marseille - Algeria. Didier Dora, former pilot The company "Aeropostal", soon arranged it to work by a tester by a pilot, and Saint-Exupery almost died in testing a new hydrosapol in Saint-Rafael Bay. The seaplane turned over, and he barely had time to get out of the cabin of a sinking machine.

In 1934, Exupery goes to work in the airline "Er France" (former "Aeropostal"), as a representative of the company commits trips to Africa, Indochina and other countries.

In April 1935, as the correspondent of the newspaper "Pari-Suar", Saint-Exupery visited the USSR and described this visit in five essays. Essay "Crime and Punishment in the Face of Soviet Justice" became one of the first works of Writers of the West, in which an attempt was made to comprehend Stalinism. On May 3, 1935, he met with what fixed E. S. Bulgakov in the diary.

Sorry Saint-Exupery becomes the owner of his own aircraft S.630 "Simun" and on December 29, 1935, it takes an attempt to put a record at Paris - Saigon flight, but tolerates an accident in the Libyan desert, again barely avoiding death. On the first of January, he and the mechanic narrow, having chosen from thirst, were saved by Bedouins.

In August 1936, according to an agreement with the newspaper "Entransjan", travels to Spain, where it comes civil War, and publishes a number of reports in the newspaper.

In January 1938, Exupery goes aboard Ile de France in New York. Here he moves to work on the book "Planet of People". February 15, he begins the flight of New York - Fire EarthBut tolerates a heavy accident in Guatemala, after which he long restores health first in New York, and then in France.

On September 4, 1939, the day after the announcement by France by the German war, St. Exupery is at the place of mobilization at the Military airfield Toulouse-Montodran and November 3 translates into a long-range reconnaissance aircraft 2/33, which is based in an oropon (champagne province). It was his answer to the persuasion of friends to abandon the risky career of the military pilot. Many tried to convince St. Exupery that he would bring much more benefit to the country, being a writer and a journalist that pilots can be prepared by thousands and he should not risk his life. But St. Exupery has achieved a destination in the combat part. In one of his letter in November 1939, he writes: "I have to participate in this war. All I love is under threat. In Provence, when the forest is burning, everything, who is not all the same, grab the vest and shovels. I want to fight, my love and my forced me inner Religion. I can't stay aside and calmly look at it. ".

Saint-Exupii made several combat flights on the block "Bloche 174", performing aerial contact tasks, and was presented to the "Military Cross" award (FR. Croix de Guerre). In June 1941, after the defeat of France, he moved to the sister into an unequard part of the country, and later went to the United States. He lived in New York, where among other things he wrote his most famous book "Little Prince" (1942, publ. 1943). In 1943, he joined the Air Force "Fighting France" and with great difficulty achieved his enrollment in the combat part. He had to master the piloting of the new speed aircraft "Lighting" P-38.

"I have a fun craft for my years. Next for me by age younger for six years. But, of course, the current my life is a breakfast at six in the morning, a dining room, a tent or a white lime room, flights at an altitude of ten thousand meters in the forbidden for a person of the world - I prefer an unbearable Algerian idleness ... ... I chose a job for maximum wear and because you need Always squeeze yourself to the end, I will not go to the opponent. I would like only that this vile war is over before I am Ista, like a candle in the oxygen jet. I have something to do after it " (From the letter Jean Pewdeye July 9-10, 1944).

On July 31, 1944, St. Exupery went with the Borgo airfield on Corsica Island to the intelligence flight and did not return.

For a long time, nothing was known about his death. And only in 1998 in the sea near Marseille, one fisherman discovered a bracelet.

There were several inscriptions on it: "Antoine", "Consuelo" (so called the pilot's wife) and "C / O Reynal & Hitchcock, 386, 4th Ave. NYC USA. It was the address of the publisher in which St. Exupery books were published. In May 2000, the diver of Luke Vanley said that the 70-meter depth discovered the fragments of the aircraft, possibly belonging to Saint Exupii. The remains of the aircraft were scattered on a strip of a kilometer long and a width of 400 meters. Almost immediately the French government banned any search in this area. Permission was obtained only in the fall of 2003. Experts raised fragments of the aircraft. One of them turned out to be part of the pilot cabin, the serial number of the aircraft was preserved: 2734-L. According to American military archives, scientists compared all aircraft rooms that have disappeared during this period. So, it turned out that the onboard serial number 2734-L corresponds to the aircraft, which in the US Air Force was set at number 42-68223, that is, the locker with Lachid P-38 "Lighting", modification of the F-5B-1-Lo (Far Photo exploration aircraft) who managed Exupery.

Luftwaffe magazines do not contain records of airplanes shot down in this area on July 31, 1944, and the debris themselves do not have obvious traces of shelling. This gave rise to many versions of the crash, including the versions about the technical fault and suicide of the pilot.

According to the press publishing from March 2008, the German veteran of Luftwaffe 86-year-old Horst Rippert, the pilot of the squadron "YagdGroup 200," said that it was he who was shot down by the Messerschmitt Me-109 fighter, Antoine de Saint Exupery. According to his statements, he did not know who was behind the steering wheel of the opponent's aircraft: "Pilot I did not see, only later I learned that it was Saint Exupery."

The fact that the pilot of a shot down aircraft was Saint-Exupery, the Germans became known in the same days from the radio personnel of the negotiations of French airfields, which were carried out german troops. The lack of corresponding records in Luftwaffe magazines is due to the fact that in addition to Horast Rippert, there were no other witnesses of air combat, and this aircraft was not officially counted as shot down.

Antoine de Saint-Exupery - french writer, professional pilot, philosopher and humanist. Its real name - Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery. The writer was born on June 29, 1900 in Leone. He repeatedly said that "fly and write is the same thing." In his work, the prose was skillfully combined reality and fantasy, all his works can be called motivating and inspiring.

Count family

Future writer Born in the family of Graph Jean de Saint-Exupery, he was a third child. When the boy turned 4 years old, his father died, mother was engaged in raising children. The first years of the kids were held in the estate Saint-Maurice, belonging to their grandmother.

From 1908 to 1914 Antoine and his brother Francois studied at the Jesuit College of Le Mans in Montre, then they went to the Swiss Catholic Pension. In 1917, the young man received additional education In the Paris School of Fine Arts at the Architecture Department.

Activity

In 1921, St. Exupery called with the army, he fell into the second regiment of fighter aviation. Initially, the guy worked at the repair shop, but in 1923 he graduated from pilot courses and passed the exam in order to become a civil pilot. Shortly after that, he headed in Morocco, where he retrained into a military pilot.

At the end of 1922, Antoine flies in the 34th Aviation Regiment, which was under Paris. A few months later he had to survive the first air crash in his life. After that, the young man decides to stay in the capital of France, there he earns literary labor. Work unknown Author I did not enjoy the readers' success, so he had to work as a seller in the bookstore and even traded cars.

In 1926, Saint-Exupery starts flying again. He is taken to the post of pilot of the Aerostal company, the writer specialized in the delivery of correspondence to North Africa. A year later, he managed to become the head of the airport, at the same time the Debut Story "Letchik" goes to the seal. For half a year, the young man returns to France, there he signs an agreement with the publisher Gastron Gillimar. Proser undertakes to write seven novels, in the same year it comes out of the essay "Southern Postal".

From September 1929, the young man works as the head of the Buenos Aires branch of the company "Aeropostal Argentina". In 1930 he was awarded the Order of the Honor Legion. A year later, Antoine decides to return to Europe, there he is again getting working on postal airlines. At the same time, the writer gets literary award "Femina" for the work of "Night Flight".

From the mid-30s, Prosais is engaged in journalism. He visits Moscow, after this visit, 5 essays were written. In one of them, Saint-Exupery tried to describe the essence of Stalin's politics. Also Antoine wrote a series of military reports from Spain. In 1934, he survived several accidents, was seriously injured. In the same year, he applies for the invention of a new planting system of aircraft. In December 1935, a man is divided into the Libyan Desert on the way from Paris in Saigon, but the miracle remains alive.

In 1939, a man becomes a laureate of two prestigious competitions. He receives a reward from the French Academy for the book "Planet of People" and the National Book Award of the United States for the writing "Wind, Sand and Stars". For participation in an intelligence operation over ARRs in May 1940, the writer awarded the "military cross".

War time

Antoine fought S. fascist invaders From the first day of the war. He preferred to do this not only with the help of physical strength, but with the help of the word, being simultaneously publicist and a military pilot. When France was occupied by Germany, the writer headed into the free part of the country, then he moved to the United States.

In February 1943, the Book "Military pilot" is published in the USA, in the spring of the same year, the Prose the order receives an order for a children's fairy tale. In 1943, Saint Exupery serves in North Africa. It was during this period of life that he wrote a story "Letter to the hostage" and a fairy tale "Little Prince", which children and adults are still happy with pleasure.

Despite the fact that the publishing house ordered a children's fairy tale from the writer, the book "Little Prince" can be called full-fledged philosophical work. Antoine was able to convey simple and important life truths Using skillful artistic means. It does not focus on small personal problems, showing the depth of the consciousness of each person. His drunkard, a businessman and the king perfectly demonstrate the shortcomings of society, but the essence is hidden much deeper. BUT famous phrase "We are responsible for those who have tamed" will make even skeptics think.

last years of life

For his life, St. Exupery managed to visit the tester pilot, military and correspondent. Died great writer July 31, 1944, his plane shot down opponents. For a long time, the details of the death of Antoine were not known, but in 1998 the fisherman found his bracelet.

Two years later, the fragments of the aircraft were discovered, which flew the prose. It is noteworthy that flying machine There were no obvious traces of shelling, and this led to the emergence of many versions of the writer's death. His latest book The meeting of the Proverbs and Aphorisms "Citadel" is recognized. It was not possible to finish her writer, the work was published in 1948.

All the life of St. Exupery spent with one woman, he was married to Susitin's cons relaul. After the tragedy, she moved to New York, then went to France. There a woman was engaged in sculpture, she was also an artist. During for long years The widow devoted his work perpetuating the memory of the spouse.

Name:Antoine de Saint Exupery (Antoine de Saint-Exupery)

Age: 44 years

Activity: Writer, poet, pilot

Family status: was married

Antoine de Saint-Exupery: biography

Antoine de Saint-Exupery - a writer whose name knows everyone who is familiar with the book "Little Prince". The biography of the author of an unforgettable work is full of incredible events and coincidences, because its main activity was associated with aviation.

Childhood and youth

The full name of the writer - Antoine Marie Jean-Batist Roger de Saint-Exupery. In childhood, the boy was called Tony. He was born on June 29, 1900 in Lyon, in the family of the nobleman, and was the 3rd child of 5 children. The head of the family died when the little Tony was 4 years old. The family remained without a means and moved to the aunt, who lived on the Belkur Square. Money has not been catastrophically lacked, but it was compensated by friendship between brothers and sisters. Especially close to Antoine was with Brother Francois.

Mother put the child love for books and literature, talking about the value of art. About her tender friendship with his son resemble published letters. Interested in the lessons of the mother, the boy was also fond of technician and chose what he wants to devote himself.

Antoine de Saint Exupery studied in a Christian school in Lyon, and then in Jesuit to Montreux. In 14 years, the efforts of the mother was sent to the Swiss Catholic Pension. In 1917, Antoine entered the Faculty of Architecture to the Paris School of Fine Arts. Bachelor with a diploma in his hands was preparing for admission to the naval lyceum, but failed on the competitive selection. Heavy loss for Antoine became the death of brother from articular rheumatism. Loss close man He worried, closed in himself.

Aviation

Antoine hit the sky since childhood. For the first time he visited flights at 12, thanks to the famous pilot Gabriel Wromblevski, who took him for fun at Avadrome in Amber. The Impressions of the young man had enough to understand what would be the goal of life.

1921 a lot has changed a lot in Antoine's life. After calling to the army, he graduated from piloting courses and became a member of the aviation regiment in Strasbourg. At first, the young man was a malicious soldier workshop at the airfield, but soon became the owner of the certificate civilian pilot. Later Exupery increased the qualifications to a military pilot.

Having completed training on officer courses, Antoine made flights in the rank junior Lieutenant And served in 34 shelf. After an unsuccessful flight in 1923, Exupery, having received a head injury, left aircraft. The pilot settled in Paris and decided to try himself in the literary sphere. Success did not come. To make a living, Exupery was forced to sell cars, work on a tiled factory and even trade books.

Soon it became clear that to lead such a lifestyle further, Antoine was not capable. His helped out casual acquaintance. In 1926, the young pilot received the position of mechanics in the airline "Aeropochetal", and later became the pilot of the Aviations, which delivered mail. During this period of time, South Postal was written. Following the new increase, another translation was followed. Becoming the head of the airport in Cap-Jubi, who was in Sahara, Antooga engaged in creativity.

In 1929, a talented specialist was transferred to the position of director of the Aeropochetal branch, and Exupery moved to Buenos Aires to lead the departments. He performed regular flights on Casablanca. The company, for whom the writer worked, it was ravaged soon, therefore, from 1931, Antoine worked again in Europe.

First worked on post airlines, and then began combining the main work with a parallel direction, becoming a test pilot. On one of the tests there was a crash of the aircraft. Exupery remained alone thanks to the operational work of the divers.

The life of the writer was associated with extreme, and he was not afraid to risk. Participating in the development of a project on a speed flight, Antoine acquired a plane for operation on Paris-Saigon line. The ship fell into an accident in the desert. Exupery survived due to the accident. His together with the mechanic who were in the last silence from thirst, saved Bedouins.

Scary accidentIn which the writer visited, there was a crash of an airplane with a flight from New York to the territory of the fiery land. After him, the pilot was in a coma for a few days, having injured her head and shoulder.

In the 1930s, Antoan became interested in journalism and became the correspondent of the newspaper "Parus Suar". In the status of the representative of the newspaper "Entransizhen" Exupery was in the war in Spain. He also participated in the battles with the Nazis in World War II.

Books

The first work of Exupery wrote in college in 1914. They became the fairy tale "Odyssey of the cylinder". The talent of the author was assessed by appropriate, adding 1 place on literary competition. In 1925, the house of Kuzina Antoine met with popular authors and publishers of that time. They were delighted with dating young man and offered cooperation. Already next year on the pages of the magazine "Silver Ship" published a story "Pilot".

Works of Exupery are associated with sky and aviation. The writer had two vocation, and he shared with the public with the perception of the world through the eyes of the pilot. The author talked about his philosophy, which allowed the reader otherwise to look at life. That is why the statements of Exupery on the pages of works today are used as quotes.

Being a pilot "Aeropochatal", the pilot did not think to stop literary activities. Returning to his native France, he concluded a contract with Haston Gallimar's publishing house to create and publish 7 novels. Expery-writer existed in close mattility with an exupier-pilot.

In 1931, the author received the "Femina" award for the Night Flight, and in 1932, a film was removed by film. The accident in the Libyan desert and the adventures that the pilot survived, wandering on it, he described in the novel "Land of people" ("Planet of People"). The work was based on the work and emotions from acquaintance with the Stalinist regime in the Soviet Union.

Roman "Military pilot" became an autobiographical work. The author influenced the experiences related to participation in World War II. Forbidden in France the book had incredible success in USA. Representatives of the American publishing house ordered Exupery fairy tale. So the light saw the "Little Prince", accompanied by copyright illustrations. He brought the writer world famous.

Personal life

At 18, Antoine fell in love with Louise Vilmorn. The daughter of rich parents did not pay attention to the courtship of the ardent young man. After the plane crash, the girl struck him out of his life. The pilot took a romantic failure as a real tragedy. Unrequited love tormented him. Even fame and success did not change the relationship of Louise, which remained impartial.

Exupery enjoyed the attention of ladies, enchanting attractive appearance and charm, but did not hurry to build a personal life. The approach to a man managed to find Consuell Sunxin. According to one of the versions, Consuelo and Antoine met in Buenos Aires thanks to the general acquaintance. Former spouse Women, writer Gomez Carillo, died. She found consolation in the novel with a pilot.

The lush wedding took place in 1931. Marriage was not easy. Consuelo constantly rolled the scandals. She had a bad character, but the intelligence and educationalness of the spouse raded by Antoine. The writer, God's wife, endured what is happening.

Death

The death of Antoine de Saint-Exupery was shrouded in the curtain of the mystery. During World War II, he found a debt to defend the country's honor. As a state of health, the pilot was identified in the ground regiment, but Antoine connected the connection and got into the flight intelligence.

On July 31, 1944, he did not return from the flight and was introduced to the missing lists. In 1988, a writer's bracelet with the engraved name of the spouses was found near Marseille, and in 2000, part of the aircraft he managed. In 2008, it became known that the attack of the German pilot was the cause of the death of the writer. The pilot of the enemy aviation food one years has publicly admitted this. 60 years after the crash, a photo from a collision was published.

The bibliography of the writer is small, but it is a description of the bright and rich adventures of life. Bold pilot I. good writer The 20th century lived and died, while maintaining dignity. In memory of him, Lyon Airport was named.

Bibliography

• 1929 - "Southern Postal"
• 1931 - "Mail - south"
• 1938 - "Night Flight"
• 1938 - "Planet of People"
• 1942 - "Military pilot"
• 1943 - "Letter to the hostage"
• 1943 - "Little Prince"
• 1948 - "Citadel"

Saint Exupery Antoine de (1900-1944)

French writer and professional pilot. Born in the French city of Lyon, in the family of provincial nobleman (graph). At the age of four, he lost his father. Mother was engaged in the upbringing of Little Antoine.

Exupery graduated from Jesuit's School to Montreux, studied at the Catholic board in Switzerland, and in 1917 he entered the Paris School of Fine Arts at the Faculty of Architecture. In his fate, he became turning in his fate, when he was called to the army and hit the courses of pilots. A year later, Exupery received a pilot certificate and moved to Paris, where he turned to writing works while unsuccessful.

Only in 1925, Exupery found his calling - by the pilot of AE-Ropostal, which delivered mail on the northern coast of Africa. Two years later, he was appointed by the head of the airport in Cap Jubie, on the very edge of the Sahara. In 1929, Exupery headed the separation of his airline in Buenos Aires. In 1930 he received the literary premium "Femina" - for the novel "Night Flight". The main books of St. Exupery grew out of his pilot experience.

Novels "Southern Postal" and "Night Flight" - this vision of the world through the eyes of the pilot and acute feeling Solidarity of people who share danger. "Land of people" consists of dramatic episodes, portraits of pilots and philosophical reflection. B.1935 visited as a correspondent in Moscow. The correspondent went to war in Spain. In 1939 receives two literary premiums "Grand Prix Du Roman of the French Academy" and "National Book Prize of the United States" for the novel "Wind, Sand and Stars". In the same year, he was awarded the military crossed of the French Republic. From the first days of World War II fought with the Nazis, but did not stop writing. By this period there is a deep personal work "Military pilot". Saint-Exupery also belongs to the fairy tale "Little Prince", which he himself illustrated. On July 31, 1944, the writer went from the airfield on the island of Sardinia to the intelligence flight - and did not return.

For a long time about his death there was nothing known. And only in 1998, in the sea near Marseille, one fisherman discovered a bracelet. It had several inscriptions: the name of the pilot's wife and the address of the publisher in which the books of St. Exupery were published. In May 2000, Luke Varlel diver stated that the plane debris was discovered on a 70-meter depth, possibly owned by Saint Exupieri. Specialists raised the wreckage, and it turned out that the onboard serial number corresponds to the aircraft that Exupery managed. In March 2008, the 88-year-old veteran "Luftwaffe" Horst Ripper admitted that it was he who hit the famous writer's plane.

In honor of Exupery, the airport in Lyon and asteroid are named.

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"Too early death It is equivalent to robbery: to carry out your life vocation, you need to live long, "wrote (1900 - 1944) in one of his later articles. The author and as if he simpened his ambulance.

On July 31, 1944, he went to the next combat task and did not return. For a long time, Exupery was listed in the missing lists. Only after half a century after the disappearance, fragments of his aircraft and personal belongings were found. No matter how much he could give humanity if she did not die in that ill-fated July day ...

We selected 20 wonderful quotes from his books: