Hauptman in the German army. SS troops: titles and differences signs
The SS troops belonged to the organization of the SS, the service in them was not considered the state, albeit with the legislatively to such. Military uniforms of SS soldiers are quite recognizable worldwide, most often with the organization itself it is this black form. It is known that the uniforms for the employees of the SS during the Holocaust selected prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp.
The history of the military uniform
The initial soldiers of the SS troops (also "Waffen SS") were dressed in a gray form, extremely similar to the form of attack aircraft regular German army. In the 1930th, the very, well-known, black form was introduced, which was supposed to emphasize the difference between the troops from the rest, to determine the elitism of the division. By the 1939, the SS officers were obtained by a white parade form, and from 1934th, a gray, intended for field battles was introduced. Gray military form differed from black only color.
Additionally, the SS military belongs to a black chinel, which, with the introduction of a gray uniform changed two-breasted, respectively, gray. High ranking officers were allowed to wear a chinel unzipped on three top buttons so that color distinctive stripes were noticeable. Following the same right (in 1941), the Cavivalrs of the Knight's Cross, who were allowed to demonstrate the award.
Women's uniforms of Waffen SS consisted of gray jacket and skirts, as well as a black pilot with the image of the SS Eagle.
It was also designed a black-and-day-out club cuel of black with a symbols of the organization for officers.
It should be noted that in fact, the black form was a uniform specifically the organization of the SS, and not the troops: the right to wear this form had only members of the SS, translated by the Wehrmacht's servicemen to use it was not allowed. By 1944, we were officially canceled by the wearing of this black uniform, although in fact, by the 1939, it was used only in solemn cases.
Distinctive signs of Nazi form
The form of the SS had a number of distinctive features that are easily remembered and now, after the organization is disbanded:
- The emblem of the SS in the form of two German runes "Zig" was used on the signs of the uniforms. The runes on the form was allowed to wear only the ethnic Germans - Aryans, foreign members of Waffen SS did not have the right to use this symbolism.
- "Dead head" - the first time on the Kpop soldiers of the SS was used a metal round curde with a skull image. Later was used on the butters of the soldier of the 3rd Tank Division.
- A red handband with a black swastika on a white background was worn by member of the SS and highlighted significantly against the background of a black parade uniform.
- An eagle image with outstretched wings and a swastika (former coat of arms of fascist Germany) over time replaced the skull on capards of the caps and began to be sewed on the sleeves of the uniform.
The camouflage Waffen SS was distinguished from the camouflage of the Wehrmacht with a drawing. Instead of the adopted pattern of pattern with printed parallel lines, creating the so-called "rain effect", wood and vegetable drawings were used. Since 1938, the following elements of the camouflage of the SS uniforms were adopted: camouflaged jackets, bilateral covers for caskens and face masks. On camouflage clothes, it was necessary to wear green stripes, denoting the title on both sleeves, however, for the most part, this requirement was not respected by officers. In the campaigns, the set of stripes was also used, each of which marked one or another military qualifications.
Signs on the shape of the SS
The title of soldiers Waffen SS did not differ from the ranks of the Wehrmacht servants: differences were only in shape. On the uniform used the same distinguishing signs as the shoulder straps and shredded loops. The CC officers wore the signs of distinction with the symbols of the organization both on the pursuit and in the petters.
Shareers of SS officers had a double substrate, the upper differed in color depending on the kind of troops. The substrate was edged with a silver cord. On the chains there were signs of accessories to one or another part, metal or silk thread embroidered. The epaulers themselves were made of gray galoon, while their lining was always black. Shishchki (or "asterisks") on the pursuit, designed to signify the title of officer, were bronze or gilded.
On the petters, the Rounic "Zigi" was depicted on one, and the signs of differences on the titles on the other. The servants of the 3rd tank division, which was nicknamed "dead head" instead of "Zig" was located the image of a skull, which was used in the form of a cocardia on the Kep of SSS. On the edge of the loops, silk cords of a twisted species were edged, and the generals were covered with black velvet. They also got the same general caps.
Video: SS form
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Signs of differences of titles
Security Service (SD) of Germany
(Sicherheitsdienst DES RFSS, SD) 1939-1945.
Preface.
Before describing the signs of the difference in security service staff (SD) in Germany, during the Second World War, it is necessary to give some clarifications, which, however, even more entitled readers. And the point is not so much in these signs and uniforms themselves, in which changes were repeatedly made (which confuses the picture even more), as in the complexity and intricacies of the entire structure of state bodies in Germany, which, besides, closely intertwined with the party bodies of the Nazi party In which, in turn, the SS organization and its structures played a huge role, often uncontrolled party authorities.
First of all, as if within the framework of the National Socialist German Working Party) and as it were, being a combat wing of the party, but at the same time not subject to party authorities, there was a certain public organization Schutzstaffel (SS), which initially presented a group of activists that They were engaged in the physical protection of rallies and meetings of the party, the protection of her senior managers. This public, emphasizing the public organization after numerous reforms 1923-1939. Transformed and began to consist of a CC public organization itself, the SS troops (Waffen SS) and parts of the concentration camps (SS-Totenkopfrerbaende).
The entire COP organization (and general SS, and the SS troops and part of the camps of the camps) submitted to the Rykhsführer of the SS Henry Himmler, who, in addition, was the head of the Police of all Germany. Those. In addition to one of the highest party posts, he also occupied the state office.
To implement the management by all the structures involved in ensuring the security of the state and the ruling regime, law enforcement issues (police bodies), exploration and counterintelligence were created in the fall of 1939, the main management of state security (Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)).
From the author. Usually in our literature writes "Main Imperial Security" (RSH). However, the German word Reich translates as a "state", and not as the "empire". The word "empire" in German looks like that - Kaiserreich. The literally "state of the emperor". There is another word denoting the concept of "empire" - Imperium.
Therefore, I use words translated from German as they mean, and not however, as generally accepted. By the way, people are not very knowledgeable in history and linguistics, but inquisitive intelligence, often asked: "Why Germany Hitler was called the Empire, and the emperor was not even nominally nominally, as, say, in England?".
Thus, RSH is a state institution, but by no means a party and and not included in the composition of the SS. It can somehow compare it with our NKVD.
Another question is that this state institution is subordinated to the Rykhsführer of the SS G.Gammeler and he, naturally, in the staff of this institution first of all recruited members of the CC public organization (Algemeine SS).
However, we note that not all employees of the RSH were members of the SS, and not all RSH departments consisted of members of the SS. For example, the Criminal Police (5th Department of the RSH). Most of her managers and employees were not members of the SS. Even in the Gestapo there were quite many persons of the governing staff, which were not members of the SS. Yes, the famous Muller himself became a member of the SS only in the summer of 1941, although he led the Gestapo since 1939.
We now turn to the SD.
Initially in 1931. (i.e., even before the arrival of the Nazis to power), the SD was created (from among the members of the General SS) as the internal security structure of the SS organization to combat various violations of the procedure and rules, detecting among the MS members of the Government and hostile political parties, provocateurs, renegades, etc.
In 1934 (this is after the arrival of the Nazis for the authorities), the SD spread its functions for the entire NSDAP, and actually came out of the SS subordination, but was still subordinate to Rykhsführer SS.
In 1939, with the creation of the Main Department of State Security (Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA)), the SD entered its structure.
The SD in the structure of the RSHA was presented by two departments (AMT):
AMT III (INLAND-SD)which was engaged in issues of state construction, immigration, races and national health, science and culture, industry and trade.
AMT VI (Ausland-SD), who was engaged in intelligence work in North, Western and Eastern Europe, the USSR, USA, Great Britain and in South America. This is the department and led Walter Shellenberg.
And, too, many of the employees of the SD were not SESS. And even the head of subsection VI A 1 was not a member of the SS.
Thus, the SS and SD are different organizations, although subordinate to one leader.
From the author. In general, there is nothing strange here. This is quite common practice. For example, in today's Russia, there is the Ministry of the Interior (Ministry of Internal Affairs) to which two rather different structures are subordinate to the police and internal troops. And in Soviet times, in the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs there were still fire protection and control structures of imprisonment
Thus, summarizing, it can be argued that the SS is one thing, and SD is something else, although there are a lot of member members among the employees of the SD.
Now you can go to the uniform and signs of the difference in SD employees.
The end of the preface.
In the picture on the left: soldiers and officer of the SD in the service uniform.
First of all, the SD staff wore a light gray outdoor tweeter with a white shirt and a black tie a similar shape of common MOP arr. 1934 (The replacement of the Black Uniform of the SS on the sullen continued from 1934 to 1938), but with its signs of differences.
Canta on the caps of officers from a silver flagella, and the soldiers and unter-officers are a green kant. Only green and no other.
The main difference in the form of employees of the SD is that there are no signs in the right loop(runes, skulls, etc.). All SD ranks have a pure black chinstraper to the wrappermannfuer.
Soldiers and Unter-Officers of the Butterphans without edging (until May 1942, Kant still had a black and white striped), the buttercup officers are edged with a silver flagella.
Above the left sleeves is sure to black rhombic with white SD letters inside. The officers of the Rhombick was born with a silver flagella.
The picture on the left: the violating stripe officer of the SD and the buttercups with the signs of the Differences of the Untersturmfuehrer Des SD).
On the left sleeve ahead of the collapsed officers of the SD, undergoing service in headquarters and management, 
black with silver strips along the edges of the tape, on which the service is indicated by silver letters. 
In the picture on the left: the sleeve tape with the inscription, indicating that the owner passes in the management of the SD service.
In addition to the service uniform, which was used for all lifestyles (service, festive, weekend, etc.), CD employees could wear a field shape, similar to the field form of the Wehrmacht and the SS troops with their own differences signs.
On the picture on the right: field uniform (Feldong) Untersharfuehrer DES SD (Untersharfuehreh Des SD) of the 1943 sample. This uniform is already simplified - the collar is not black, but the same color as the uniform himself, pockets and their valve of a simpler design, there are no overalls. The right pure pettle and the only asterisk in the left, denoting chin is clearly visible. Introduction emblem in the form of a SSEs eagle, and at the bottom of the sleeve stripe with SD letters.
Pay attention to the characteristic view of the epaulence and the green edging of the pursuit of the police sample.
Special attention deserves the rank system in the SD. Employees of the SD were called in their SSOP, but instead of the SS console, before the name of the title, had the SD letters behind the name. For example, not "SS-Untersharfuehrer", and "UntershaRfuehrer Des SD". If the employee was not a member of the SS, he wore a police rank (and obviously a police uniform).
Shareers of soldiers and nonsense officers of the SD, not army, and a police sample, but not brown, and black. Please pay attention to the name of the ranks of the staff of the SD. They differed both from the titles of common SS, and from the titles of the MOP's troops.
In the picture on the left: the pursuit of Untersharführera SD. The pursuit lining is herbal-green color, on which two rows of a dual sbit cord are applied. Inner black cord, outdoor silver with black surprises. They enhance a button at the top of the pursuit. Those. In terms of its structure, this is a challenge of an Ober-officer type, but with cords of other colors.
SS-MANN (SS Mann). Sharing a black police sample without Kant. Before 
May 1942, the loops were edged with a black and white shoe.
From the author. Why the two very first ranks in SD SDS, and the title of common SS, it is incomprehensible. It is possible that the low-chapter positions of the SD staff were gained from among ordinary members of the general SS, who were assigned the signs of the distinction of a police sample, but did not allow the status of the staff of the SD.
These are my speculations, as Boehler does not explain this misunderstanding, but there is no primary source at my disposal.
It is very bad - to use secondary sources, since errors are inevitably arise. This is natural, since the secondary source is a retelling, an interpretation by the author of the primary source. But for lack of failure, it is necessary to use what is. It is still better than nothing.
SS-STURMMANN (SS Stormmmann) Pursuit of a black police sample. Outdoor series of dual southetic cord black with silver surprises. Please note that the SS's troops and in general MOP should be completely the same, and there is already a difference.
On the left butter, one series of dual silver southetic lace.
Rottenfuehrer Des SD (Rottenfuer SD) The case is the same, but in the bottom of the usual German 
9 mm Aluminum Galun. On the left pettice, two rows of dual silver scent lace.
From the author. Curious moment. In the Wehrmacht and in the military SS troops, such a stripe indicated that the owner is a candidate for the assignment of a non-officer rank.
Unterscharfuehrer Des SD (Unterstroke SD) Pursuit of a black police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord is silver or light gray (depending on which made, aluminum or silk yarns) with black surprises. Pursuit lining forming as it were Cant, herbal and green. This color is generally characteristic of the German police.
On the left button one silver asterisk.
Scharfuehrer DES SD (SD Scarfurr) Pursuit of a black police sample. Outdoor 
double scent cord silver with black surprises. Pursuit lining formed as if Kant is herbal and green. The bottom edge of the pursuit is closed by the same silver with black surprises with a cord.
On the left pettice, in addition to the asterisk, one series of dual silver southetic lace.
OBERSCHARFUEHRER DES SD (ORBERFUER SD) Empon black 
police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord silver with black surprises. Pursuit lining forming as it were Cant, herbal and green. The bottom edge of the pursuit is closed by the same silver with black surprises with a cord. In addition, on the pursuit of one silver asterisk.
On the left loop, two silver sprockets.
HAUPTSCHARFUEHRER DES SD (Hauptsharfür SD) Empon black 
police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord silver with black surprises. Pursuit lining formed as if Kant is herbal and green. The bottom edge of the pursuit is closed by the same silver with black surprises with a cord. In addition, on the pursuit of two silver sprockets.
On the left button, two silvery asterisks and one series of dual silver southetic lace.
STURMSCHARFUEHRER DES SD (SD SturmShurcher) Empon black 
police sample. The outer row of a dual sorting cord silver with black surprises. In the middle part of the pursuit of weaving from the same silver with black surprise and black stern shoelaces. Pursuit lining formed as if Kant is herbal and green. On the left pettice, two silver sprockets and two rows of dual silver southetic lace.
It remains unclear whether this title has existed since the creation of the SD, or it was introduced simultaneously with the introduction of the title of SS-Stacksharfür in the SS troops in May 1942.
From the author. It seems that it is mentioned in almost all Russian-speaking sources (including in my works) the title of erroneous SS-Stormsharfür. In fact, it is obvious that the SS troops still in May 1942 introduced the title of CCs-Stacksharfücher, and in the SD Sturmsharfücher. But these are my speculations.
The following describes the signs of the difference in officers of the SD. Let me remind you that their epaulets were like the type of officer's pursuit of the Wehrmacht and the SS troops.
In the picture on the left: the pursuit of the Ober officer of the SD. Pursuit lining black, Kant herbal and green and two rows of a dual southetic cord, envelope buttons. Actually, this conjugant dual cord must be made of aluminum thread and have dim-silver color. At the thin end of light gray shiny silk yarn. But this pattern of the pursuit belongs to the final period of war and the cord is made of simple harsh unbrid cotton yarn.
The buttercups ended with aluminum silver flagella.
All Officers of SD, starting with Untershurmfürera and ending with an overwhelms empty, but in the left signs of differences. From the Standardfürera and above the signs of differences in the titles in both buttercups.
Stars in the buttercups of silver, on the rims are golden. Note that in the common SS and in the troops of the SS, the asterisks on the pursuit were silver.
1. Untersturmfuehrer DES SD (SD Untersturmfürer).
2.obersturmfuehrer DES SD (ORBERSFYUREER SD).
3.Hauptursturmfuehrer Des SD (Gauptshurmführer SD).
From the author. If you start viewing a list of the SD's governing line, then the question arises, which position occupied there "Comrade Stirlitz". In AMT VI (Ausland-SD), where he, judging by the book and the film he served, all the leadership positions (excluding the head of V. Slenberg, who had the General Chin) by 1945, ranked officers in the rank of not higher than the Obursmbannfürera (siren lieutenant colonel). There was only one standardophureer, who occupied a very high post of chief submissions VI B. Some Eugene Steimle. And the secretary of Muller, as Boehler claims, Scholz could not have a rank higher than Untersharfuer.
And if you judge by what I did in the movie Stirlitz, i.e. Private operational work, he could not have the rank above the Unterstand.
For example, open the Internet and make sure that in 1941, the Commandant of a huge concentration camp of Auschwitz (Auschwitz, as the Poles called him) was an officer of the Obrasturmürera (Art. Lieutenant) named Karl Fritz. Yes, and from other commandants no one was above the captain's level.
Of course, the film and the book are purely artistic, but still, as Stanislavsky used to say, "in everything should be the truth of life." The Germans were not scattered and assigned their scoop.
Yes, and then say, the title in military and police structures is a reflection of the level of qualification officer, its ability to hold appropriate posts. According to his position and is assigned the title. And then, not immediately. But it is by no means a certain honorary title or award for combat or service progress. There is orders and medals for this.
Shores of senior officers of the SD were similar in their structure of econctions of senior officers of the SS troops and the Wehrmacht. The pursuit lining had herbal-green.
In the picture on the left of the epaulets and the loovers:
4.Sturmbannfuehrer DES SD (NTurbannfür SD).
5.Obersturbannfuehrer Des SD (ORBERMBANNFYURER SD).
From the author. I intentionally do not contain information about the compliance of the titles of SD, SS and Wehrmacht. And even more so I do not compare these titles with the titles in the Red Army. Any comparisons, especially coming from the coincidence of signs of differences or from the consonance of names, always carry a certain twill. Even the comparison comparison suggested at one time, based on the posts, it also cannot be considered 100% true. For example, we have a commander of the division could not have the title above the Major General, while in the Weirmacht the division commander it was, as they say in the army "Fork position", i.e. Comda could be a Major General or Lieutenant General.
Starting with the title of the SD Standentenführer, the signs of differences in the titles were placed in both buttercups. Moreover, there were differences in petal signs until May 1942 and after.
Curious that straps 
standartefuer and overalls were the same (with two asterisks, but loose signs were different. And I ask you to pay attention that the leaves until May 1942 are curved, and after direct. This is important when dating pictures.
6.Standartenfuehrer DES SD (SD Standentenfuer).
7.Oberfuehrer Des SD (Obrafurr SD).
From the author. And again, if the Standardfürera still can be equated to the oborce (Colonel), based on the fact that there are two stars on the pursuit of the stalls as a wicker in the Wehrmacht, then to whom to equate overall. Shoulder straps, and leaves in the leafs two. "Sverhead"? Or "non-henener", because until May 1942 and the Brigadefürer also wore two leaflers in the leafles, but with the addition of an asterisk. But epaulets are the brigadefuer generals.
Ensure to a community in the Red Army? So, our Combrigs unequivocally referred to the highest team composition and wore the signs of the highest, and not a senior committee in the petties.
Or maybe it is better not to compare and not equating? Just proceed from the existing scaly of the ranks and signs of differences.
Well, the ranks and the signs of the difference of koi are unambiguously can be assumed by the general. Weaving on the shoulder straps is not from a dual silver scent cord, but from a construction structure, and two extreme cords are golden, and the middle silver. Asterisks on silver straps.
8.brigadefuehrer Des SD (Brigadefuer SD).
9. Gruppenfuehrer DES SD (SD).
The highest rank in the SD was the title of Obergroupenführer SD.
This title was assigned to the first head of the RSH Rainhard Heydrich, who was killed by the English special services agents on May 27, 1942, and Ernstu Kaltenbrunneru, who occupied this post after the death of Heydrich and to the end of the existence of the Third Rai.
However, it should be noted that the overwhelming majority of the SD leadership were members of the SS organization (Algemeibe SS) and had the right to wearing the SS sys' uniforms with signs.
It is also worth noting that if members of the Algemeine SS general rank, not holding posts in the SS troops, the police, the SD had simply appropriate title, for example, SS-Brigadefuehrer, then "... and General MOC MOIL" . For example, SS-Gruppenfuehrer und General-Leutnant der Waffen SS. And those who served in the police, diabetes, etc. Added ".. and the police general". For example, SS-BRIGADEFUEHRER UND GENERAL-MAJOR DER POLIZEI.
This general rule, but there were many exceptions. For example, the head of the SD Walter Shelesenberg was named as SS-Brigadefuehrer und General-Major Der Waffen SS. Those. CS brigadefuer and 
major Major Major, although not a single day in the army of the SS served.
From the author. Along the way. Shelengrgg received a general title only in June 1944. And before that, he led the "archiving serviceive service of the third heaven" in the rank of just an overall. And nothing, coped. See, the SD was not so important and increasing special services in Germany. So, like our today's CVR (foreign intelligence service). And then the rank is likely. SVR is still an independent department, and the SD was just one of the departments of RSH.
Apparently, the Gestapo was more likely, if he headed by it since 1939, not a member of the SS and not a member of the NSDAP Ryakhskriminald-director G.Myuller, who was accepted only in 1939, was taken in 1941, he was accepted in the SS and immediately got the rank SS-Gruppenfuehrer und Generalleutnant DER POLIZEI, then Bouch SS-Grupenfurr Und der General of the police.
Introducing questions and requests, although it is somewhat not on the topic, we note that the Rykhsführer SS wore a few different differences from all signs. On the gray general shelter form introduced in 1934, he wore his former shoulder straps from the former black uniform. Only the pursuit was now two.
In the figure on the left: the pursuit and the loop of the Rykhsführera SS.
A few words in defense of the filmmakers and their "kinoaps". The fact is that the uniform discipline in the SS (and in the general SS and the SS troops) and in the SD was very low in contrast to the Wehrmacht. Therefore, it was possible to meet substantial deviations from the rules in reality. For example, a member of the SS somewhere in a spent 
Country, and not only, and in 45, it could stand in the ranks of the defenders of the city in its black surveillance uniform of the thirties.
That's what I found on the network when I was looking for illustrations for my article. This is a group of chins SD sitting in the car. The driver is ahead in the rank of Rottenfürera SD, though dressed in a gray cuitel arr. 1938, but his epaulets from his black old uniform (which was carrying one shoulder on the right shoulder). Pill Although gray arr. 38g., But the eagle on it is a Verchktovsky uniform (on the dark cluster valve and will be sewn from the side, and not in front. Behind him sits the Obersturfyurr SD with the pins of the sample until May 1942 (striped edging), but the collar will be trimmed in the Verkhovtsky type. Not a police pattern, but the SS troops. Perhaps there are no complaints only for Untersturmfürera sitting on the right. Yes, and then the shirt is brown, and not white.
Literature and sources.
1.P.Lipatov. Uniform of the Red Army and Wehrmacht. Ed.d.d. "Technique-Youth". Moscow. 1996
2. Journal "Sergeant". Shevron series. №1.
3.Nimmergut J. Das Eiserne Kreuz. Bonn. 1976.
4.Littlejohn D. Foreign Legions of The III Reich. VOLUME 4. SAN JOSE. 1994.
5.Buchner A. Das Handbuch Der Waffen SS 1938-1945. FriedeBerg. 1996.
6. BRIAN L.DAVIS. German Army Uniforms and Insignia 1933-1945. London 1973.
7. CA. Storm detachments of NSDAP 1921-45. Ed. "Tornado". 1997
8. Encyclopedia of the Third Reich. Ed. "Lokhid-myth". Moscow. 1996
9. Brian Lee Davelvis. Uniforms of the Third Reich. AST. Moscow 2000
10.Sight "Wehrmacht Rank Insignia" (http://www.kneler.com/ wehrmacht /).
11.Sight "Arsenal" (http://www.ipclub.ru/arsenal/platz).
12.V. Shunk. Soldiers of destruction. Moscow. Minsk, Ast Harvest. 2001
13.A.A. Burylev. German Army 1933-1945. Astrel. AST. Moscow. 2009
14. W.Boehler. UNIFORM-EFFEKTEN 1939-1945. Motorbuch Verlag. Karlsruhe. 2009.
Table of titles
Army of the German Empire
Deutsches Reichsheer)
1901
This article discusses the system of military ranch of the so-called. The Second German Empire (Zweite Deutsches Reich) existed from 1871 to 1918. The first German Empire was formed in the process of decaying the sacred Roman Empire and died in the era of Napoleonic wars in 1806. In between 1806 and 1871, a single German state did not exist.
The second German Empire was not a unitary state, but was a union of German states who had a certain degree of independence, including in the military field. This imposed her mark on the organization of the German army. In the field of military ranks in some army structures, depending on which one of the German lands, this structure refers could there be differences in the names of the titles and their quantity. By text, these differences will be negotiated.
It is possible that until 1914, this rank system has undergone any changes, but in general the article makes it possible to navigate in the rank system of the German army of the First World War.
Everyone who was somehow referred to the German army was shared on sharply differing groups:
1. Refusing (Militaerpersonen),
2. Required officials (Militaerbeamte),
3.Rate officials in the military department (Zivilbeamte Der Militarverwaltung).
The servicemen were those who performed the responsibilities of the construction army service in infantry, cavalry, artillery, spermrooms, as well as physicians and musicians.
All auxiliary personnel, except physicians, musicians, artillery and technical service specialists and ammunition specialists belonged to military officials. These are employees of workers, food, veterinary, utter services, construction specialists, bastard, lawyers, pharmacists, weapons repairmen.
All stationary workers of large headquarters serving (non-medical) staff of hospitals, service personnel of the barrage, technical staff of military factories, personnel of equestrian plants, etc. treated civilian officials of the military department.
The servicemen in turn were divided into:
*. Nights (Mannschaften)
but. Soldiers (Gemeinen)
b. Hepreite (Gefreite)
* Unteroffizieren.
* .Ophicecers (OFFIZIERE)
but. Subaltern officers (subaltern-offiziere).
b. Captains and Rittmeister (Hauptleute und Rittmeister).
in. Stabs-officers (Stabsoffiziere).
*. GENERALE.
Military officials were divided into two categories:
1. Junior Military Officials (Untere Militaer-Beamte)
2. Senior Military Officials (Obere Militaer-Beamte).
The first in their official position was equated with the ONTER officer, the second to the officer composition. However, the military officials occupied the position of the governments in the hierarchy. So, the senior military officials stood above the soldiers and non-officers, but below the officers. The younger military officials, although they were equated with non-Officers, but they did not rule out over the soldiers.
Civilian officials of the military departments were generally outside the hierarchy of the ranks.
The soldiers the army was completed on the basis of the Law on Universal Military Duty of 1871. During the passage of the mandatory service, the soldiers could rise in the rank of only one step. those. Become a Heprajer.
ONTER-Officers, the army was completed from the soldiers who served the obligatory service and the appropriate training, or from civilian youth, who ended with the Inta officers. Unter-officers served 4 years or more.
The army officers were completed from among the graduates of the Cadet Corps, which had passed additional training in a military school, as well as young people who had a corresponding education and trained in military schools and passed the officer exam.
No estate restrictions existed, and at the same time, for any increase in the title or transition to a higher category, it was required to confirm its suitability and to pass the appropriate exam.
From the author. Obviously, the high professional and combat qualities of the non-officer and officer composition of the German army are explained as a complex multi-stage career growth system and the fact that in general in Germany, in contrast to Russia, a simple soldier was considered not as a person standing at the lowest stage of the public situation, And as "a citizen who is entrusted with a high honor to wear the Mundir of the German army."
Unter-Officer It was already a person standing on a public staircase very high. He was guaranteed a high pension and prestigious positions in the local administration for dismissal from the army. It can be said that a non-commission officer was appreciated in Germany in society higher than in Russia an Ober officer.
The social status of the German officer can be conventionally equity to the position of Russian generals.
Infanterie (Infanterie)
In the German army, the infantry was divided into linear infantry and light infantry. Soldiers of linear infantry were called in their specialty:
Grenadier - Grenadir.
Musketier - Muscohir.
Fusilier - Fuzelir.
Schuetze - Schuze.
From the author. It is difficult to explain so different names of the same specialty - the infantryman. Obviously, this is due to traditional, coming from the past centuries names of infantry soldiers in various lands of Germany.
In light infantry, ordinary soldiers were called:
Jaeger - Eger.
In the guards infantry soldiers were called:
Garde du Korps-Garde do Corps.
In addition, in the infantry parts there were ordinary soldiers who had ranks:
Trainsoldat - Stinzoldate or Trainseiner - Tringemyiner. This is a soldier of cozie.
Sanitaetssoldat -sanitetszoldate. This is a sanitary.
Two latter these are not musicians, but signals. In regimental orchestras, there were military personnel with the same names of the titles, but those trumpeters and drummers are musicians.
In divisions, in the respective divisions were ordinary soldiers with the following titles:
Telegraphist -Egraphist.
KrankenWarter - Crankenver (Medicine Assistant).
OekonomieHandwerker - Economicandver (soldiers of rear units). Handverker, this is a person who knows some kind of craft and working in this area.
MilitaerbaExker -Militaerbacker (Military Baker)
Linear infantry
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | by specialty (see Hashe) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | ||
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | ||
| 5 B | Feldwebel -feldwebel | |
| 8A. | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) | |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Hauptmann (Hauptmann) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | ||
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) | |
| 14 | Generale. (generals) |
GeneralMajor (General Mailor) |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | General Der Infanterie (General der Infanteri) | |
| 17 | Generaloberst (General Commander) | |
| 18 | GeneralFeldMarschall (General Add Marshall) |
* Read more about encoding titles.
Lighting infantry
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Jaeger (Eger) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Oberjaeger (Obeger) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | VIZE-FELDWEBEL (Vice-Feldwebel) | |
| 5 B | Feldwebel -feldwebel | |
| 8A. | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Hauptmann (Hauptmann) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) |
Cavalry (Kavallerie)
Cavalry soldiers, depending on the type of cavalry, were called in their specialty:
Kuerassier -Crasir.
Ulan - Ulan.
Dragoner -Dagoner (i.e. dragoon).
Husar - Gusar.
Schwerer Reiter - Sverver Reuters (Cavalist of Heavy Cavalry).
Karabinier - Carabiner,
GARDEREITER -GERTEREYTER (Guards Cavalier)
Jaeger Zu Pferde - Eger Tsu Propde (Connector)
GRENADIER ZU PFERDE GRENADIR CU PRFDE (Connogreerer)
In addition, in the cavalry there were ordinary soldiers who had ranks:
Trainsoldat - Sarydat or Trainseiner - Tringemeyner. This is a soldier of cozie.
Sanitaetssoldat -sanitezoldat. This is a sanitary.
TROMMLER -TrOMMLER. This is a drummer
Hornisten - Mountains. This is a trumpeter.
KrankenWarter - Crankenventher (Medicine Assistant).
OekonomieHandwerker - Economichandverker (soldiers of rear divisions).
Cavalry besides horse metering
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | by specialty (see Hashe) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Unteroffiziere (Unterofheffic) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | ||
| 5 B | Wachtmiester - (Wakhtmaister) | |
| 8A. | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Rittmeister (Rittmaister) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) | |
| 14 | Generale. (generals) |
GeneralMajor (General Mailor) |
| 15 | GeneralLeutnant (General Lalable) | |
| 16 | General Der Kavallerie (General der Cavalleri) |
Conneeration
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Jaeger Zu Pferde - Eger Tsu Pford |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Oberjaeger Zu Pferde - Obeger Tsu Pfde |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | Vize-Wachtmiester (Vice-Wakhtmaister) | |
| 5 B | Wachtmiester - (Wakhtmaister) | |
| 8A. | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Rittmeister (Rittmaister) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) |
Walking artillery (Fussartillerie)
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Kanonier (Kanonir) |
| 2A. | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 2B | ObergeFreiter (ObergeaFreiter) | |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Unteroffiziere (Unterofheffic) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | VIZE-FELDWEBEL (Vice-Feldwebel) | |
| 5 B | Feldwebel -feldwebel | |
| 8A. | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Hauptmann (Hauptmann) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) |
Equestrian Artillery (Reitenden Artillerie)
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Kanonier (Kanonir) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Unteroffiziere (Unterofheffic) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | Vize-Wachtmiester (Vice-Wakhtmaister) | |
| 5 B | Wachtmiester - (Wakhtmaister) | |
| 8A. | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Rittmeister (Rittmaister) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) |
Field Artillery (Feldartillerie)
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Kanonier (Kanonir) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Unteroffiziere (Unterofheffic) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | VIZE-FELDWEBEL (Vice-Feldwebel) | |
| 5 B | Feldwebel -feldwebel | |
| 8A. | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) | |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Hauptmann (Hauptmann) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) | |
| 14 | Generale. (generals) |
GeneralMajor (General Mailor) |
| 15 | GeneralLeutnant (General Lalable) | |
| 16 | General Der Artillerie (General der Artillery) |
Sappers (Pionieren)
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Pionier (Pionir) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Unteroffiziere (Unterofheffic) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5A. | VIZE-FELDWEBEL (Vice-Feldwebel) | |
| 5 B | Schirrmeister Der Pioniere (Shirrmayster der Pioneer) | |
| 8A. | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | LEUTNANT (Loytnant) |
| 8b. | OBEREUTNANT (WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Hauptmann (Hauptmann) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
Major (Major) |
| 11 | OBERSTLEUTNANT (Oberstvenant) | |
| 12 | OBERST (Oberst) | |
| 14 | Generale. (generals) |
GeneralMajor (General Mailor) |
| 15 | GeneralLeutnant (General Lalable) |
Personal Profile Authorities (Ersatzbehorde)
This is an analogue of our modern military registration and enlistment office. Actually, for the organization of military service in local departments (BEZIRKSKOMMANDO), speaking of our military registration and enlistment offices, invited commissions (ErsatzkommissionEn) are collected, in which senior officers, representatives of local civil authorities, doctors are incended. Permanently in the military registration and enlistment companies operate military personnel of non-officer composition and lower ranks. The military enrolls are sent to serve the lower ranks, unsuitable for service in the state of health, but not payable to the reserve. For non-commissioning posts, servicemen are sent to the military registration and enlistment offices, who have experience in conducting official office work and acquaintances with keeping accounting.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | in the specialty in the system part |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | GeFreiter (Heprayter) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Unteroffiziere (Unterofheffic) |
| 4 | Sergeanten (Sergeant) | |
| 5 B | Bezirksfeldwebel (Bezirkfeldwebel) |
Army Medical Service (Sanitaetskorps Der Armee)
In the German army, military doctors, in addition to the specialists of the pharmaceutical service, belonged to the servicemen. The difference between officers of the main generics of troops (infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineering troops) and officers of the medical service (military doctors) consisted only in the methods of picking. Military doctors, the army was completed from both military medical schools and from civilian physicians who wished to switch to military service, as well as from among students who ended with the University of Medical Specialty.
For military service, the set of young people of draft age (20 years), who have been working as sanitation, medical assistants, medical institutions as security officers, medical institutions to service. With a shortage of such people, a set of among those who declared their desire to serve in the medical industry and showed their tendency to such activities.
The Unter-Officers of the Medical Service was completed exclusively from sanitary householders who ended with the active service (2 years) and express the desire to continue service in a non-commissioned officer. Sanitaryssergen's title could be assigned no earlier than 7 years after assigning the title of sanitary fusion.
* The title "Unterters" rather can be equated by the rank of Fenrich (candidate for officer rank) in the main birth of troops. It is assigned to persons who have passed the initial 6-month military training, having a physician diploma who have passed all the necessary exams and aimed at the military unit to perform the duties of a doctor. Not earlier than 3 months in a satisfactory performance of the duties and the availability of vacancies, Untertarc can be presented to the assignment of the officer's title.
From the author. In general, in Germany there always existed a simple, but very true rule - anyone would be to the army, and regardless of what position in the army you apply, you owe 6 months to serve as a simple soldier. Without this segment of military service, the receipt of some kind of military rank is impossible.
One example is the monetary pilots "Legion Condor" who defeated in Spain in 1937-39, awarded by German orders and held quite high positions there before accepting in Luftwaffe and assign them officer and general titles, for six months, they put ordinary soldiers into the infantry system. And on the tomorrow's Luftwaffe tomorrow, the infantry university officer was screamed today, forced to drag the floor in the barracks eternal Heprayter.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Sanitaetssoldat (Sanitatszoldat) |
| 2 | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | SanitaetsGefreiter (Sanitateshefrajer) |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | SANITAETSUNEROFFIZIERE (SANITETSUNTERFACE) |
| 4 | Sanitaetssergeanten (SanitatSergeant) | |
| 5 | Sanitaetsfeldwebel (Sanitatsfeldwebel) | |
| 6 | Untertz (Unterters) | |
| 7 | Subaltern-offiziere (subaltern officers) | Assistenzarzt (assisterentzartzt) |
| 8 | Oberarzt (Oberartst) | |
| 9 | Hauptleute und Rittmeister (Captains and Rothmisters) |
Stabsarzt (Stabasarts) |
| 10 | Stabsoffiziere. (headquarters officers) |
OBERSTABSARZT I. KLASSE (Oberstabsartht I class) |
| 11 | GENERALOBERARZT (General Commerce) | |
| 12A. | GeneralarZT II. Klasse (General Asparti II. Class) | |
| 12B | Generalarzt I. Klasse (General Assell Class I) * | |
| 14 | Generale. (generals) |
Generalarzt I. Klasse (General Assell Class I class) ** |
| 15 | GENERAL-STABSARZT DER ARMEE (General-Stacksarth der Armee) *** |
* In the land of Württemberg, this title is referred to as General- Stabsarzt der Armee (General-Stakersarth der Armee).
** General Aspantic I class, i.e. The chief physician of the first class, which is given to the general level. In Bavaria, this chin is referred to as General-Stabsarzt der Armee (General-Stacksarth der Armee).
*** So this chin is referred to in Prussia, and therefore in other lands except Württemberg and Bavaria.
From the author. So, it turns out that the title of General-Stabsarzt der Armee (General-Stacksarth der Armee):
in Württemberg equal to the rank of colonel,
In Bavaria, equal to the rank of major general,
In Prussia is equal to the rank of lieutenant-general.
It is not entirely logical that the General Commander is a lieutenant colonel, and the general-stage is a colonel and higher. But so in the source - the German edition of 1901. It is obvious that this messenger with the highest medical titles of the echo not so long ago of the independence of German states. Obviously, in Württemberg, it was believed that the distribution level for the most important physician of the Württemberg army was quite enough. But in Bavaria found a useful chief physician to equalize in Major General. Prussians made their own physician Lieutenant General. After the unification of German lands into the empire, it was not necessary to come to a common opinion and left everything as it was before.
Artillery and Technical Staff (ZeugPersonal)
Artillery and technical staff is intended for management service in artillery parks, technical institutes of artillery, control of the park artillery control commission, as well as to manage artillery devices in rifle schools and artillery-rifle polygons. In addition, this personnel is used in managing the head of artillery and the directorate of artillery parks.
Junior staff of the artillery and technical service refers to military officials, but equal in their office and legal status to a non-commissioned officer composition, i.e. to military personnel.
Officers of artillery and technical service are considered servicemen, but in their official and legal status are equal to the military officers, but to Landver officers.
Get into this service maybe after the soldiers' service. Tsoughausbuyummashron, i.e. Arthechnic service masters are recruited from among the soldiers' service as military weapon masters (TruppenBuechsenMaChern) and in the future are not rising in the rank.
Tsoigselzhanten is replenished from Unter-Officers of Artillery, partly also from infantry. It is required that they have proven themselves in their part so that the challenges of the artillery officers had good knowledge of artillery matching, the infantrymen would be well owned by small arms. Those. There is a transition from servicemen of nonsense officers to military officials. After 9 years, Tsoigselzhanten service can get the title of depot-vicefeldwebel.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 3 | Zeugunterpersonal (Junior staff arthechnic service) |
ZeughausBuechsenmachern (Tsoyughausbuyshemshsern) |
| 4 | Zeugsergeanten (Tsoigselzhanten) | |
| 5A. | DEPOT-VIZEFELDWEBEL (Depot-Vicefelvebel) | |
| 5 B | Zeugfeldwebel (Tsoigfeldwebel) | |
| 7 | Zeugoffizieren. (officers of the arththechnic service) |
Zeug-Leutnant (Tsojg-Lootnant) |
| 8 | Zeug-Oberleutnant (TsoiG-WoolLetnant) | |
| 9 | Zeug-hauptleuten (Coyg-Hauptloten) |
Pyrotechnic personnel (Feuerwerks-Personal)
Pyrotechnic staff is intended for management service in artillery arsenals, warehouses of ammunition and explosives.
Soldier and Hepraythers in this service are not available.
The junior pyrotechnic personnel belongs to military officials, but equal in their office and legal status to a non-commissioned officer composition, i.e. to military personnel.
The officers of the pyrotechnic service are considered servicemen, but in their official and legal status are equal to the military officers, but to Landver officers.
To get into this service is possible after the soldiers' service after the appropriate training and passing exams.
Officers of artillery and technical service are exclusively Tsoigfeldwebeli, surrendered the exam for the title of TsoiG-Lootnant.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 4 | Feuerwerkunterpersonal (Junior Pyrotechnic Staff) |
FEERWERKER (FIUERVERVER) |
| 5 | Oberfeuerwerker (overecerver) | |
| 7 | Feuerwerkoffizieren. (Pyrotechnic service officers) |
Feuerwerkers -Lutnant (FootherverKerks-Bulitant) |
| 8 | FEERWERKERS-OBERLEUTNANT (FIUERVERKERS-OBERRYTNANTER) | |
| 9 | FEERWERKERS-HAUPTMANN (Footherver Gauptmann) |
Military Musicians (Militaermusiker)
Each regiment or a separate battalion has an orchestra in its composition (MueSikkorps). In the cavalry shelves, this unit is referred to as TrompeterKorps. In this unit, young people who were received by the 2nd, 3 or 4th annual voluntary service after the mandatory semi-annual service were credited to music. At the same time, they were obliged to undergo training at the Music Institute. Study lasted for 3 years. They had to give an obligation to serve actively for each year of study for another 2 years.
When entering the service, they were credited to the orchestra with superstand musicians and the rank was assigned:
* in linear infantry - Hilfgoboen (HILFSHOBOISTEN),
* in cavalry - Hilftrompeter (Hilftrompeter),
* In light infantry and sapper - HilfShornisten.
This chin is equal to the rank of ordinary soldier. If the quality of the musician was high, then with the same name of the rank, its level could increase to unterophim.
When vacant places in the orchestra, the musician was translated into regular musicians and became appropriately appropriated by Chin:
in linear infantry - Hoboisten,
* in cavalry - Trompeter (Trompeter),
* In light infantry and sappers - Hornisten.
This rank was the rank of unterophim. If the quality of the musician was high, then with the same name of the rank, its level could increase to the level of Sergeant.
The head of the orchestra was ranked with a chin headband (appropriately headquarters, headquarters). The same chin could receive the orchestra musician who owned a wonderful musical talent, had a general education, dedicated himself to military service, and finished the music institute with success.
Honored Head of Orchestra could get the name of his rank Militaer Muzicdirgen (Militar-Musikdirigent), and a particularly honored name of Koniglicher Musikdirektor (Koniglicher Musikdirektor). However, this did not change its level of equal level of Feldwebel.
The entire army orchestral service was led by a non-soldier, but a military officer's military official.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | HILFSHOBOISTEN (HILFHOBOESTEN), or HILFTROMPETER (HILFTROMETER), or HILFSHORNISTEN (Hilfornenne). |
| 3 | Hoboisten (Horobosten), or Trompeter Trompeter), or Hornisten (Mountain). |
|
| 4 | Hoboisten (Horobosten), or Trompeter Trompeter), or Hornisten (Mountain). |
|
| 5 | STABSHOBOISTEN (ITEBSHOBOESTEN), or Stabstrompeter (headquarter), or StabShornisten (headquarters), or Militar-MusikDirigent (Militaer Muzicdirgen), or Koniglicher Musikdirektor (Königlisher-Muzicdor) |
|
| 7 | Oberen Militarbeamten. |
ARMEE-MUSIK-INSPIZIENTEN (Armee Musik-Inspicinatene) |
From the author. As you can see, in the German army, the officer and so more general general rank was not profanished and did not deprecize, as is the case in our army. Officer and especially the general in the German army is a warlord of only a combat unit, parts, compounds. All those who do not stand in the fighting system, they are not considered servicemen and are not entitled to wear an officer or the more general title.
If in our army, the head of the orchestral service is AJ Lieutenant General ("General from Pianino"), then in the German army the same duties were assigned to a military official, who was only equated to the officer (but the officer was not considered!). And nothing, well coped. And at the head of the regimental orchestra stood not a major, like us, and Felfebel. And also nothing, coped.
Perhaps this is the case when it is worth borrowing something in enemies. Remove straps with conductors, heads of military repair factories, design bureaus, military office, employees, military builders, military house guidelines, heads of officers houses, and from the stationery of large headquarters. And list them in military officials. And for the military budget is cheaper, and the authority of the officers will increase.
Well, really, which of the designer Kalashnikova is a lieutenant-general? He will not cope with his mouth, not the fact that with the Army Corps (the title of Lieutenant General can receive only the corps commander). It is time to understand everything that the military rank is a reflection of the level of military qualifications, not an honorable title. The captain means can command the mouth, Colonel - will be able to command the regiment.
And the "Colonel" Zhirinovsky will be able to fight a tank regiment? Of course not. Well, there is no need to scramble stars on his epaulets. If you want to mention it with honorary title, then give him the title of People's Artist of Russia, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, the Diploma of the Competition of them. Rashmaninov, the laureate of the Circus Artist Competition, Master of Medicine, Machinery Masters, Honored Isobretalel and the rationalizer, Chess Grossmaster, or At the end of the Master of Sports International Class. Say that he did not win any international sports competition and give him a sports masters just stupid? I agree! Well, giving him the title of Colonel is not stupid?
The famous German designer of Tiger tanks, Gainz Knikmkamp, \u200b\u200bneither officer, nor the general title had, and had the Chin of the Military Officer "Ministerial Advisor". And nothing, the complex of inferiority did not suffer. He understood perfectly that he could not stand at the same level with a general-woffed Geinz Guderian.
Preparation of army officers (Ergaenzung Der Offiziere Der Armee)
The officers of the German army was completed primarily by graduates of the Royal Cadet Corps in Berlin (Koniglichen Kadettenkorps). This building received boys aged 10-15 years. They were changed by Kadetten, but unlike the Army of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, German Cadets were not military personnel and the name "Cadet" did not mean military rank.
In the Cadet Corps, future officers received a complete secondary education (13 classes). At the end of the 13th grade, the best cadets remained learning in the building another year. At the end of this year, they donated the officer exam and headed into the troops in the rank of Fenrich the level of Vice-Feldwebel. They received the title of Loytnanta (with the consent of the collection of officers of the regiment), as soon as the vacant place was opened in the regiment.
The remaining cadets passed the exam on Fenrich (Faehnriche). After that, they entered military service to military units in the rank of Fenrich Sergeantne. At the same time, with the Fenrichi service, you must pass a one-year training course in a military school. After 5 months, the level of Fenrich rises to Vice-Feldwebel. After 6 months, these fenghi received the right to pass the officer's exam, after the successful delivery of which the officer collection of the regiment ended its conclusion about whether Fenrich's assignment of the officer's title is worthy or not. Decent received the title of Loytnant, as soon as the shelf opened a vacant place of Blotnant. Unworthy dismissed to reserve.
The officers could be young people who did not finish the cadet corps. To do this, it was necessary to have age from 17 to 23 years, to submit a certificate of secondary education (12-13 classes) and pass the exam on Fenrich. After that, the young man was credited to the service in the rank of Fahnenjunker. This title is equal to the rank of an ordinary soldier. After 6 months of service, Fanenyunker is assigned the title of fengich Sergeantne level. At the same time, with the Fenrichi service, you must pass a one-year training course in a military school. Fenrikhas were liberated from the course of study at military school, which before the military service admitted at least a year at German University, Technical Institute, Mining Academy or Forest Academy. After 5 months, the level of Fenrich rises to Vice-Feldwebel. After 6 months, these fenghi received the right to pass the officer's exam, after the successful delivery of which the officer collection of the regiment ended its conclusion about whether Fenrich's assignment of the officer's title is worthy or not. Decent received the title of Loytnant, as soon as the shelf opened a vacant place of Blotnant. Unworthy dismissed to reserve.
From the author. There were no estate restrictions on the opportunity to become an officer in Germany. At the same time, there were norms that were excluded in the ranks of the officer corps of representatives of the lower layers of society. The rules for enrollment in Fantanenunkers demanded that parents guarantee the extra charge of the difference between the minimum rate of income level of the soldier and the monetary content that he was given the treasury. And these rules were as follows that the German soldier got rid of the need to milk parents only having reached the title of Hauptman.
It is worth noting that the system of training officer personnel was based on training directly in military units. So to speak, in the workplace. The military school only systematized knowledge and gave the part of them that could not be obtained in the regiment.
It is also worth noting that to become a fengich officer or not to be solved by the regiment officers. Without their consent, the order for the assignment of the title of Loytnant could not take place. No dads and moms, "shaggy paws," the titles and merits of the ancestors could not mean anything here.
Obviously all these factors and ensured a very high level of the officer corps, and therefore the entire German army. In the Austro-Hungarian army, the system of training officers was different, and the First World War showed that the fighting qualities of the Austrian army were headed below German.
It is hardly worth recognizing the system of training the officers of the Russian army successful. After all, we have a graduate of the Military School for the first time saw a living soldier only having come to the regiment with a young journalist. Were at least the theoretical knowledge of Russian pursuers above the knowledge of the German Blesses, it is difficult to say. On the fighting of the First World War, it is hardly noticeable.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 1 | GEMEINE (Lower ranks) | Fahnenjunker (FanNenunker) |
| 4 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | Faehnriche (Fenrich) |
| 5 | Faehnriche (Fenrich) |
It should be noted that officers of the medical service (military doctors), artillery-technical and pyrotechnic services prepared quite differently.
Notes on the titles of servicemen
1. For obtaining the right to assign a non-officer rank, a young man received a non-commissioned officer school in which he studied 2 or 3 years. During this period, he wore the title Unteroffizierschueler (Unterophycreder). According to her challenge, he obtained depending on the success of Unteroffizier (Unterophic) or GeFreiter (Heprayther) with the right to assign the title (UNTFEF).
From the author. Note that in the Russian army of the same period to obtain the title of the first officer's title, the sub-trainer was enough to finish a two-year military school. Unter-officers were prepared from the number of soldiers during the passage of the soldiers' service for six months. The German Unter-Officer served 12 years, and the Russian Unter-Officer was dismissed at the end of the Soldier service period or could remain on the superior service (there were no more than 10% of the total non-commissioned officer). It is easy to understand that the quality of German non-officers was headed above Russian, and in fact they did not inferior to Russian younger officers.
2. Food supply of troops are engaged in civilian officials Proviantaeemtern, but directly in the military units of the Food Service are engaged in a soldier-officer-officer-level serviceman (usually levels from Unterophima to Feldwebel)). He carries the title Proviantamts-Aspiranten (Provintam-Aspirant).
3. The Zarmen Foundation and other structures used by the troops in the garrison are certified by civilian officials of garrison management (Garnison-Verwaltungen), but questions related to military personnel who are in the garrison will have a soldier-officer-level serviceman (usually levels from Unterophima to Feldwebel)). He carries the title GarnisOnVerwaltungs-Aspiranten (Garnishefervantung-Aspirant).
4. There is a title of Feldwebel-LEUTNANT. This title is assigned to nonsense officers who are no longer military binding, but serve in Landver, reserve and landscape divisions on officers. They refer to the officer composition, but are considered to be at the rank below the Blotnanta. In the active army of this title does not exist.
Military officials (Militaerbeamte)
All below, the army servants described were related to military officials (Militaerbeamte). They also wore a uniform, but were divided only into two categories - the younger military officials (equated to the non-commissioned officer) and senior military officials (equalized to the officer).
Army Treasurers (Zahlmeister Der Armee)
These military officials belonged to the internal service, but were served in military units (infantry, qualeric shelves, artillery and sperm battalions) or in garrison institutions (Gurisonov management, hospital), where they carried out the duties to ensure the personnel of monetary, nonsense, food, food, And also led office workshop.
One treasurer and one assistant treasurer relied on each infantry, artillery, a sperm battalion and for every cavalry regiment.
Tsalmester-aspirant, i.e. Assistant treasurers after passing the exams on the treasurer at their level are equated with Sergehen (according to the author -4 encoding) and are credited to the treasurers of the treasurer (AussereTatsMassigen Zahlmeister-Aspiranten). After 9 years of service, its hosted assistant treasurer its level can be increased to Vice-Feldwebel (according to the author's encoding - 5a).
If a vacant place is exempt during the superval service, the treasurer's hopping assistant becomes a regular treasurers assistant (etatsmassigen zahlmeister-aspiranten). However, its level remains the same. After 8 years of service, the staff assistant treasurer, he receives the level of Feldwebel (according to the author's encoding - 5b).
Production in Chin Treasurer (ZAHLMEISTER) is made in the presence of a vacant position. All treasurers only regular. This is an officer's level. Usually this is the last increase in treasure
Chin Oberzalmister receive a few of them, who was lucky to become a treasurer of the garrison, a large hospital or go to the service in the forehead.
Staff serfs. (Festunsbau-Personal)
These military officials were engaged in observing fortifications, the construction of fortresses, included in the engineering commissions, taught at the School of Fortress Construction, carried out cash operations, carried out the survey of the terrain, engaged in supervision of construction, laying an army telegraph. In addition, they were entrusted with the responsibilities of organizing pigeons.
Among them were one rank of non-commissioned officer and two ranks of the officers. ONTER-Officers of engineering troops were accepted as Walmister, who passed the training and passed the exam on a serfdom. After passing the officer's exam, Wallmister could get the Chin Festung Bauvart.
Conno Medical Personnel (Rossarztliche Personal)
These veterinary specialists. However, narrowly specialized - only horses. Moreover, in this service, there were both military personnel of non-officer rank and military officials.
Fansheide and Oberfanensmide were engaged in the main forging of horses, but were also trained in the treatment of diseases of horsepower. These posts were appointed serving the soldiers and having a specialty rural blacksmith, and the complementary trained army forces. After 12 years, the Oberanenside service was given the level of the watchmaster. He could not move higher in the ranks.
Military officials of the equestrian service, as a rule, graduates of the army equestrian school became becoming graduates. Also qualified civil veterinarians passing the soldiers' service could, after the semi-annual building service, switch to the position of solid-definite and get Chin Unterrosantzen and further obtain the rank of Rossarzt.
For each cavalry squadron, the battery of equestrian artillery, the Oboy battalion was relied on one Unterrosantzen or Rossarzen. Oberroszartzithe was the regimental boss for Unterrosantzen and Rossarzen, but at the same time he was headed with one of the squadrons.
Corpsartzitin was the chief for all equestrian medical personnel. In higher headquarters of the supervisors did not exist.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | FahnensehMiede (Fanchemide) |
| 4 | ||
| 5A. | OberfahnensehMiede (Oberfanensmide) | |
| 5 B | Unteren Militarbeamten. |
UnterroSarzten (Unterrosantzen) |
| 7 | Oberen Militarbeamten. (Senior Military Officials) |
Rossarzten (Rossarzen) |
| 8 | Oberrossarzten (Oberroszartzten) | |
| 9 | KorpsroSsarzten (Corpsrossartzen) |
In Bavaria, equestrian personnel belonging to military officials wore other titles:
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | FahnensehMiede (Fanchemide) |
| 4 | OberfahnensehMiede (Oberfanensmide) | |
| 5A. | OberfahnensehMiede (Oberfanensmide) | |
| 5 B | Unteren Militarbeamten. (Junior Military Officials) |
Veterinare II. Klasse (veterinary class II) |
| 7 | Oberen Militarbeamten. (Senior Military Officials) |
VETERINARE I. KLASSE (VETERINAR I CLASSE) |
| 8 | Stabsveterinare (StaffSeveterinar) | |
| 9 | KorpsVeterinare (Corpsveterinar) |
Military Intendantur (Militar-Indendantur)
This military organization is engaged in all issues of ensuring and supplying troops with all kinds of material and technical means, as well as the replenishment of troops by the personnel. The initiance includes both military personnel of the level of soldiers and nonsense officers who directly in military units perform the appropriate duties of supply and collateral and military officials who are engaged in these issues in military authorities (headquarters from the division headquarters, corps above).
Military officials of the Intendants.
Subaltern-intenntener officials are equal to a non-commissioned officer. Higher intenntener officials are equal to the officer. But there is no equalization of the specific ranks of officials to the specific titles of Unter-Officers and officers.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| . | Intendantur-SubalternBeamte (Intendant subaltern officials) |
Kanzlisten (Chant Sheet) |
| . | Registratur-Assistentenen (Assistant Registry) | |
| . | RegistratRenN (Registrar) | |
| . | INTENDANTUR-Diaetare (intenutant dietar) | |
| . | INTENDANTUR-SEKRETARE (Secretary Intendual) | |
| . | HOHERE INTENDANTUR-BEAMTE (Higher intenntener officials) |
INDENDANTUR-REFERENDARE (refender) |
| . | INDENDANTUR-ASSESOREN (INTENDANTERS-ASSESSERSEREN) | |
| . | INDENDANTUR-RATE (INTENDANTURA-RATE) | |
| . | INDENDANTEN (Intensdanten) |
From the author. Obviously, on the one hand, the significance of the military officials of the internal service is very high, as they work in high military headquarters and solve very important and complex, we can say key tasks, and therefore it is necessary to consider them high ranks. On the other hand, in the German state and the army, no one could be considered in the public situation above the servicemen. Therefore, the intenntener officials were equated to non-commissioned officers and officers, but they did not define the equivalence of officers and officials.
Servicemen engaged in internal issues in the troops and intenntendants.
Schreiber is a clerk, and Tseiher is a drawer. Those. These are servants of the level of sergeants and Vice-Feldwebel, who lead the workshop, make accounting and constitute topographic maps.
Servicemen, Bread Specialists
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| 2A. | GeFreite (Hepraythers) | Schiesser (shaker) |
| 2B | BaExker (Becker) | |
| 3 | UnterofFiziere (Unter-Officers) | ObeBaExker (Oberbacker) |
| 4 | ObebaExker I. Klasse (Oberbacker 1 class) |
Military priests (Militargeistliche)
This is a special category of military officials intended for the religious service of military personnel. All of them belong to the Senior Military Officer Officers (Oberen Militar-Beamten Imissiziersrange). At the same time, the ranks of military priests are not equal to the specific officer title. In the German army, the priests of only Catholic and Evangelical (Protestant) churches could carry out their activities.
Accordingly, in army structures (garrisons, divisions, housings), there were also two priests of the corresponding level - one evangelical, another Catholic.
The priest in the rank of AnStaltsgeistliche (Antshtalshestilish) is a confessor in the garrisons of a small number. Often his duties performed a civil priest of the nearest arrival.
A regular military priest relied on a division or a fairly large garrison. He wore chin DivisionSpfarrer or Garnisonpfarrer.
At the headquarters of the Army Corps, there was Militaer-Oberpfarrer (Militer-Oberparter). He led the activities of divisional and garrison priests, and was also a confessor of the personnel of the headquarters of the corps and body parts.
The Higher Religious Head of the German Army was Feldpropst Der Armee (Feldpropst der Armee). They were also two - Catholic and evangelical. He led all army priests. In the church hierarchy, he had a bishop.
In contrast to all other military officials, priests did not obey military commanders of the corresponding levels, but only agreed on their activities with them
Military lawyers (Militar-Justizbeamte)
This is a category of military officials who carried out the prosecution of the personnel who violated the law, as well as supervised the observance of legality in the troops. They were equated with officers, but specifically, the ranks of military lawyers to specific officers were equitable. In addition, the youngest Chin of a military lawyer, although he was considered an officer, but non-commissioned officers and soldiers were not obliged to greet him as greeting officers.
Military Pharmackers (Militaer-apotheker)
These medical professionals are completed from among those dismissed at the end of the active service of the lower ranks, which served in military pharmacies and signed a commitment to annual voluntary military service. However, they are not credited to military personnel, but in military officials. The pharmacists of the two first ranks are younger military officials (equal to non-commissioned officers), and three senior ranks are senior military officials (equal to officers). However, the specific compliance of the quantities of pharmacist military titles does not exist.
| The code* | Category | Name of China |
| . | Unteren Militarbeamten. (Junior Military Officials) |
EINJAHRIG-FREIWILLIGE MILITAR-APOTEKER (AineRig Freyvilig Militer-apoteker) |
| . | Unter-Apoteker (Unter-apoteker) | |
| . | Oberen Militarbeamten. (Junior Military Officials) |
Ober-Apoteker (Ober-apoteker) |
| . | Garnison-Apoteker (garrison apoteker) | |
| Korps-Stabsapoteker (Corps-headquarter) |
Gunsmiths (BUCHSENMACHERN)
In general, the methods for the production and repair of weapons are attributed to civilian officials, but of them in each battalion of hiking parts and the cavalry regiment stands out on one gunsmith (buchsenmacher). Because civilian officials are not allowed to serve in military units, then gunsmiths sent to military units are transferred to the category of military officials and are redeemable by commanders of battalions and regiments. These officials are provided with a military uniform, which must be worn in the deburred cases. The rest of the time they fulfill their duties in civilian clothes.
Civilian Military Officials
ZIVILBEAMTE DER MILITAR-VERWALTUNG)
This category of officials performs military administrative and military-technical functions of auxiliary nature as a rule in high military headquarters (from the headquarters of the corps and above), the management of garrisons, hospitals, military factories, the Cadet Corps, military schools. As a rule, civilian officials are subordinate to the generals and headquarters officers, military officials and are auxiliary personnel for them.
Civilian officials wear uniform or civilian clothes. Ranks and ranks as such they do not have.
Civilian officials should, if they appear in uniforms, welcome the military non-commissioned officers and the lower ranks, on the other hand, they are also not obliged to welcome people to the level of lower ranks or younger military officials except their immediate supervisors.
Below is the names of their posts in German, indicating the executable responsibilities in relation to the Russian names:
| Service place | Job title | Explanation |
| Kriegsministerium. (Military Ministry) |
standige Hilfsarbeiter. | permanent subsidized workers |
| Unterbeamte. | lower officials | |
| Kanzleibeamte. | stationery officials | |
| Registratoren. | registrars | |
| Kalkulatoren. | calculators, calculators | |
| SEKRETARE. | secretaries | |
| Raete. | advisors, columns | |
| GeneralStabe der Armee. (General Headquarters of the Army) |
Unterbeamte. | lower officials |
| Kanzleibeamte. | stationery officials | |
| Registratoren. | registrars | |
| Kalkulatoren. | calculators, calculators | |
| SEKRETARE. | secretaries | |
| Raete. | advisors, columns | |
| grossere GeneralStabe. (Big General Staff) |
Trigonometer, TOPOGRAPHEN, KARTOGRAPHEN, LITHOGRAPHEN | specialists of geodesy, cartography, carotipographic equipment |
| Bauwessen (Building Office) |
Bauschreiber | construction cisar |
| Bauwarte. | building supervisor | |
| Bauinspektore. | construction inspector | |
| Baurate | construction advisors | |
| PROVIANTAEMTERN * (Food Service) |
Magazinaufseher. | storekeeper |
| Backmeister | baker | |
| Muhlenmeister, | miller | |
| Proviantamts-Assistenten. | assistant Controller Prodservant | |
| Provianthamtskontrolleure. | controller Prodservant | |
| Proviantamtsrendanten. | artist Prodservant | |
| Proviantmeister | master Prodservatory | |
| Proviantsdirektoren, | head of Prodservant | |
| Lazaretten ** (Military hospitals) |
Heizer. | stoker |
| Hausdiener. | service staff | |
| Zivilkrankenwarter. | civil servant for patients | |
| Inspektoren. | inspector | |
| Verwaltungsinspektor. | inspector branch | |
| Oberlazarett-Inspektoren. | senior hospital inspector | |
| Garnison-Verwaltungen *** (Garrison Management) |
Heizer. | stoker |
| Maschinenmeister. | plumbing fitter | |
| Wachmeister. | watchman | |
| Kasernenwarter. | control of the barracks | |
| Kasernen-Inspektoren. | inspector Kazarm. | |
| Verwaltungs-Inspektoren. | inspector Office | |
| Ober-inspektoren. | senior inspector | |
| Garnison-Verwaltungsdirektoren. | head of garrison | |
| Korpsbekleidungsamtern (corpus department of uniforms) |
Packmeister | packer |
| Maschinisten. | driver | |
| Assistenten. | assistant performer | |
| RENDANTEN. | executor | |
| Remontendepo. (depot of horses preparation) |
Futtermeister. | sinter |
| Rossaerzte. | veterinarian | |
| Wirtschaftsinspektoren. | economic inspector | |
| Rechnungsfuhrer. | accountant | |
| Administatoren. | administrator | |
| KADETTENANSTALTEN UND SONSTIGEN SCHULEN (Cadet institutions and other schools) |
Kompagnie-Verwalter. | road warden |
| Hausinspektoren. | inspector of premises | |
| RENDANTEN. | executor | |
| Lehrer. | teacher | |
| Gewehr- und Munitionsfabriken **** (Armory and Equipment Plants) |
RevisionBeamte | controller |
| Buchsenmacher. | gunmaker | |
| OberBuchsenmacher. | senior gunsmith | |
| Betriebinspektoren. | inspector mode | |
| Fabriken-komissare. | comer Plant | |
| GeschutzgiesRei, Geschossfabriken; FeuerwerksLaboratorienien, Artilleriewerkestatten, Pulverfabriken (gun, shell plants, pyrotechnic laboratories, artillery arsenals, powder factories) |
Meister. | master |
| Obermeister. | head master | |
| RevisionSBeamte | auditor | |
| Ingenieure. | engineer | |
| Chemiker. | chemist technologist | |
| Ober-Ingenieure. | senior engineer. |
* Directly in the forces of food supply, a soldier in the rank of Proviantamts-Aspiranten (ProviantTs-Aspirant) is engaged in the level of nonberofic to Feldwebel.
** Military personnel were engaged in medical activities in hospitals, and civilian officials were engaged in ensuring the functioning of the hospital.
*** The Garrison Management This is an institution engaged in administrative regulation of generalizeriza. Those. They were engaged in the contents of the barracks and other objects in the garrison used by the troops. To some extent it is similar to the KES service (apartment and operational service) in our modern army. In the management of the garrison, there was one serviceman of the level from the Unterophic to Felfebel in Garnisonverwaltungs-Aspiranten (Garnicontaltung-Aspiranten), which solved issues related to military personnel in the garrison.
**** From this category of civilian officials in each battalion of hiking and the cavalry regiment stands out on one gunsmith (BUCHSENMACHER). Since civilian officials are not allowed to serve in military units, then Ruzeniki sent to military units are transferred to the category of military officials and are redeemable by the commanders of battalions and regiments.
From the author. In general, the German military rank system seems to be overly complex and unattended, but it should be remembered that the military rank systems of all armies have increased from the names of specific posts.
At the same time, it should be recognized that the division of all those who relates to the army on military personnel and officials is very appropriate.
Only those who fulfill their duties in the ranks are attributed to the servicemen, i.e. Directly in battalions and shelves. The entire auxiliary and service personnel is not endowed with the status of military personnel. This increases the public status of military personnel, as the defenders of the Motherland, the significance of non-commissioned officer and officer ranks does not fit and is not beinghed. The right to the honorary title of a soldier has only one who directly exposes their life danger on the battlefield.
Sources and literature
1.Das Kleine Buch Vom Deutsche Heere. Verlag Von Lipsins & Tischer. Kiel und Leipzig 1901.
2. The encyclopedic dictionary. Large Russian encyclopedia. Ripol classic. Moscow. 2001
3.R.Hermann, J.Nguyen, R.Bernet. Uniformen der Deutshen Infanterie 1888 BIS 1915 in Farbe. Motot Buch Verlag. 2003.
4.k.u.keubke. UNIFORMEN DER PREUSSISCEN ARMEE 1858/59. Miliraerverlag der DDR. 1989.
5.G.ortenburg, I.Proemper. PreusSiSch-Deutsche Uniformen Von 1640-1918. Orbis verlag. 1991.
Military marks differences are present on the form of servicemen and indicate the appropriate personal title, a certain belonging to one of the types of armed forces (in this case of the Wehrmacht), the family of troops, agency or service.
Interpretation of the concept of "Wehrmacht"
This is "Defense Forces" in 1935 - 1945 In other words, Wehrmacht (photo is presented below) - nothing but the armed forces of fascist Germany. At the chapter - the Supreme Commanding of the country's armed forces, in submission of which there were land forces, IUD and Air Force, SS troops. They managed the main command (OKL, OKH, OKM) and the commander-in-chief of various types of Sun (since 1940, the SS troops). Wehrmacht - Reichskancler A. Hitler. Photo of the Wehrmacht soldier is demonstrated below.
According to historical data, the word in the German-speaking states denoted the sun any country. The usual meaning it gained when NSDAP came to power.
On the eve of World War II, Wehrmacht numbered approximately three million people, and its maximum number was 11 million people (for December 1943).
Varieties of military signs
These include:
Wicked Difference Signs and Signs
There were several varieties of uniforms and clothes. Each soldier had to independently follow the condition of his weapons and forms. Their replacement was carried out in accordance with the established procedure or in case of serious damage in the process of teaching. The military form very quickly lost color due to washing and daily brushing.
Soldier shoes were carefully examined (at all times bad boots were a serious problem).
Since the formation of the Reichsver in the period 1919-1935), the military form has become uniform for all existing German states. Its color is "Feldgra" (translated as "field gray") - a hint of the predominant green pigment.
The new form (the uniform of the Wehrmacht - the Armed Forces of Nazi Germany in the period 1935-1945) was introduced together with the new model of the steel helmet. Ammunition, uniforms and helmet outwardly did not differ from their predecessors (existing in the Kaiser Epoch).
According to the whims of the Fuhrera, the element of the servicemen was emphasized by a large number of diverse elements by signs, stripes, edges, icons, etc.). By applying a black and white-red imperial cokard and a three-color flap on the helmet on the right side, the dedication of national socialism was expressed. The emergence of the imperial three-scenence dates back to mid-March 1933. In October 1935, an imperial eagle, holding a swastika in claws, was added on the outfit. At this time, Reichsver renamed Wehrmacht (photo was previously demonstrated).
This topic will be considered regarding the ground forces and the SS troops.
Signs of the difference in the Wehrmacht and the SS troops
To begin with, you should clarify some points. First, the SS troops and the SS organization itself are not identical. The latter is the combat component of the Nazi party, formed by members of a public organization, leading its profiling activities in parallel by the SSEEC (worker, shopkeeper, civil servant, etc.). They were allowed to wear a black uniform, which since 1938 replaced with a form of a light gray shade having two vehicle vessels. The latter reflected common objects.
As for the SS troops, then it can be said, this is a kind of security squads ("reserve troops" - "Connections" Dead Head "- Hitler's own troops), which were taken exclusively members of the SS. They equated to the soldiers of the Wehrmacht.
The difference in the titles of members of the SS organization on the buttercasters existed before 1938. On black uniform, there was a single pursuit (on the right shoulder), according to which it was possible to find out only the category of a particular member of the SS (ordinary or non-commission officer, or a junior or senior officer, or a general). And after the light-gray uniform was introduced (1938), another distinguishing feature was added - Vershight-type shoulder.
The signs of the difference between the SS and servicemen, and the members of the organization - the same. However, the first still worn wild uniform, which acts as an analogue of Wehrmacht. There are two pursuit on it, outwardly similar to the Wehrolovsky, and military signs of differences in the ranks they have identical.
The rank system, and consequently, the signs of differences, have been changed many times, the last of which occurred in May 1942 (they were not transformed until May 1945).
The military ranks of the Wehrmacht were denoted by loovers, chains, galuns and chevron on the collar, and the last two signs differences also on the sleeves, as well as special sleeves, mainly on camouflaged military clothes, various lamps (lumen of contrasting color) on trousers, mapping.
It was the field uniforms of the SS, it was finally established approximately 1938. If we consider the comparison as a criterion, it is possible to say that the vermifications uniforms (land forces) and uniforms of the SS were no different. The second color was a bit gray and lighter, the green shade was practically not visible.
Also, if you describe the SS Differences Signs (specifically, the following points can be distinguished: the imperial eagle was a little higher than the middle of the segment from the shoulder to the elbow of the left sleeve, his drawing was distinguished by the shape of the wings (often there was a Vershkat Eagle to the field uniform ).
Also a distinctive feature, for example, on the Tank Uniforms of the SS, was that the butterms, as well as the Tankists of the Wehrmacht, were in the pink edging. The signs of the difference in the Wehrmacht in this case are presented by the presence in both loops "dead head". The SS Tankists in the left pettice could be the signs of differences in the titles, and in the right - either "dead head", or the SSEsovsky runes (in some cases it could not be signs or, for example, in a number of divisions, the tanker emblem was placed there - Skull with crossed bones). On the collar there were even buttermits, the size of which was 45x45 mm.
Also, the signs of the difference in the Wehrmacht include how the battalion numbers or a mouth were squeezed out on buttons or the mouth, which was not done in the case of the Military Form of the SS.
Emblems The pursuit although I was identical to the Wehrmachovskaya, but it was rare enough (the exception was the first tank division, where the monogram was carried out on the pursuit).
Another difference in the system that accumulates the difference differences of the SS, acts as the soldiers who were candidates for the title of navigator SS, were carried at the bottom of the pursuit of the lace of the same color as his Kant. This title is an analogue of Haufratera in the Wehrmacht. And candidates for Untershurfyrers of the SS also carried at the bottom of the pursuit of a galloon (braid scent of silver) nine million widths. This title is an analogue of a Unter-Officer in the Wehrmacht.
As for the rank of ranks of the rank, then there was a difference in the buttercups and twisted stripes, which were above the elbow, but below the imperial eagle in the center of the left sleeve.
If we consider masking clothes (where there is no loovetice and the pursuit), we can say that the SSEsoves on it never had the signs of differences in the titles, but they preferred on top of this to produce collars with their petties.
In general, the discipline of weaching uniforms in the Wehrmacht was significantly higher than in the troops of which they allowed themselves a large number of liberty regarding this issue, and their generals and officers did not seek to stop this kind of violation, even on the contrary, they often allowed similar. And this is only a small part of the distinctive features of the vermural impact of the Wehrmacht and the SS troops.
If you summarize all of the above, we can conclude that the signs of the difference in the Wehrmacht are much wisin not only by the Soviet, but also Soviet.
Outline of land forces
They were presented as follows:
- ordinary;
- unter-Officers without spinning (Galun or belt bandage for carrying Tashka, cold, and later firearms);
- unter-Officers with the spoils;
- lieutenants;
- captains;
- headquarters;
- generals.
Building ranks also spread on military officials of various departments and controls. The military administration was divided into categories from the youngest nonsense officers to noble generals.
The military colors of the land forces of the Wehrmacht
In Germany, the bodies of the troops were traditionally designated by the corresponding colors of edging and loopeds, hats and uniforms and so on. They changed quite often. During the beginning of the Second World War, the following color distinction was operating:
- White - infantry and border guard, financiers and treasurers.
- Scarlet - field, equestrian and self-propelled artillery, as well as general kant, buttercups and lamps.
- Raspberry or carmine-red - Unter-Officers of the Veterinary Service, as well as buttons, lamps and epaulets of the main apartment and the General Staff of the Supreme Command of the Wehrmacht and Ground Forces.
- Pink - anti-tank self-propelled artillery; edging of the details of the tank uniform; The lumens and selection of the loop of the official nods of officers, gray-green jackets of non-officers and soldiers.
- Golden yellow - cavalry, reconnaissance units of tank units and scaffolding.
- Lemon yellow - communication troops.
- Burgundy - military chemists and courts; Smokes and multi-rocket "chemical" mortars.
- Black - Engineering Troops (Sapper, Railway, Training Units), Technical Service. In the sappers of tank parts - black and white edging.
- Vasilkovo-blue - medical and sanitary personnel (except generals).
- Light blue - Kanta motor vehicles.
- Light green - military pharmacists, Eger and mountain parts.
- Herbal green - motorized infantry regiment, motorcycle parts.
- Gray - Army propagandists and officers of Landver and Reserve (edging on the epaulets of military colors).
- Serious blue - registration service, ranks of the American administration, officers experts.
- Orange - Military Police and Officers of the Engineering Academy, Recruit Recruitment Service (Release Color).
- Purple - Military Priests
- Dark green - Military officials.
- Light red - intentes.
- Blue - Military lawyers.
- Yellow - Conepass service.
- Lemon - Feldpochate.
- Light brown - recruitment training.
Shores in military uniform of Germany
They had a double purpose: as a means of determining the rank and as carriers of a unitary function (fasteners on the shoulder of various kinds of equipment).
Epos of the Wehrmacht (ordinary composition) were made of simple cloth, but with the presence of a release that had a certain color corresponding to the family of troops. If you take a pursuit of a non-ounce officer to consideration, then you can note the presence of an additional Cant consisting of a braid (width - nine millimeters).
Until 1938, there was a special army pursuit exclusively for a field uniform, which wore all the ranks below the officer. It was entirely dark blue-green color with a slightly narrowed to the end button. It was not recorded Kant, corresponding to the color of the sort of troops. The soldiers of the Wehrmacht to highlight the color embroidered on them differences (numbers, letters, emblems).
The officer composition (lieutenants, captains) had narrower epaulets that had the form of two intertwing strands made from flat silver "Russian braid" (a strand of woven so that more thin yarns are visible). All strands were clogged on the color valve of the genus of troops at the heart of this shoulder. Special bend (U-shaped) Tips In the place of the button of the button, it helped to create an illusion of eight strands, when there were only two of them.
Ships Wehrmacht (headquarters) were also implemented through the "Russian Tape", but in such a way as to demonstrate a number consisting of five separate loops located on both sides of the pursuit, in addition to the loop around the buttons located in the upper part.
The general shoulder should have a distinctive feature - "Russian Tape". It was made of two separate gold strands, twisted on both sides by one silver thread "in the Rubber". The method of weaving meant the appearance of three nodes in the middle and four loops on each side of its side besides a single loop located around the buttons at the top of the pursuit.
Officials of Wehrmacht had, as a rule, the same epaulets as the current army. However, they still differed with a light introduction of threads of a dark green color and a different kind of emblems.
It will not be superfluous to recall that straps are the signs of the Wehrmacht.
Liners and epaulets generals
As previously mentioned earlier, the Logosht's generals were carrying epaulets, for weaving two thickened golden-metal harness and a silver judgment between them.
They also had removable shoulder straps having (as in the case of ground troops) of a cloth of a scarlet with a special figured neck, passing through the burnt lines (their lower edge). And the intricate and sewn epaulets differ in direct approach.
The generals of the Wehrmacht on their pursuers wore silver stars, while there was some difference: Majo-General did not have stars, lieutenant-general - one, general of a certain kind of troops (infanteria, tank troops, cavalry, etc.) - two, general Oberst - Three (two stars located nearby at the bottom of the pursuit and one slightly higher than them). Previously, there was such a rank as Colonel-General as General Feldmarshal, who was not used by the beginning of the war. The pursuit of this title had two stars, which were placed in its upper and lower parts. It was possible to distinguish the Feld Marshal General on crossed silver wands along the pursuit.
There were also exceptional moments. So, for example, Herd von Rundstedt (General-Field Marshal, who was removed from the command due to defeat near Rostov, the chief of the 18th Infantry Regiment) was carried on the pursuit of Feldmarshal wands of the regiment number, as well as on the collar of white-silver front buttercup of infantry officer Forces instead of relying generals ornamed gold-embroidered ones on the juice closer valve (size 40x90 mm) looper. Their drawing met during the time of the Kaiser Army and Reichsvera, with the formation of the GDR and Germany, it also arose among the generals.
From the beginning of April 1941, the elongated buttercasters that had three (instead of the previous two) ornamental elements and shoulder straps were introduced for Feld Marshal.
Another sign of general dignity is lampas.
Feldmarshal could also wear natural rod in his hand, which was made of a tree of particularly valuable rocks, individually decorated, generously encrusted with silver and gold and decorated with reliefs.
Personal identification sign
He had a type of oval aluminum token with three longitudinal slots, employees in order to at a certain point (an hour of death), it could be reversed for two halves (the first one, where two holes were left on the body of the deceased, and the second half with one hole was given to headquarters).
Wehrmacht's soldiers were usually on the chain or on the cervical lace. The following is released on each tanels: the following: blood type, sign number, battalion numbers, shelf, where this sign was issued for the first time. This information had to accompany the soldier during the entire service life, if necessary, supplemented with similar data from other parts, troops.
The image of the German servicemen can be viewed in the photo "Soldier of the Wehrmacht", demonstrated above.
Nakhodka in Besh Kungei
According to official data, in April 2014, D. Lukichev's town in the village of Besh-Kunga (Kyrgyzstan) was found a treasure of the Second World War. When digging a cesspool, he came across the metal army field runduk of the Third Reich. His content is the luggage departure of 1944 - 1945. (Age - more than 60 years), which has not suffered from moisture exposure due to dense insulation by means of a rubber laying of the box cover.
It turned on:
- light case with the inscription "Mastenbrille" containing glasses;
- rolled nestra with pockets filled with toiletries;
- mittens, interchangeable collars, socks with spars, dressing brush, sweater, suspenders and dustproofs;
- a bundle baked, with a margin of skin and fabric to repair;
- granules of some means (presumably, from moths);
- almost a new nurse who wore a Wehrmacht officer, with a spare sewn emblem of the kind of troops and a metallic conges;
- hats (winter hat and clocks) with signs of differences;
- military pass through front-line blocks;
- bill with a denomination of five rehsmarocks;
- a pair of Roma bottles;
- cigar box.
Dmitry thought about passing most of the outfit in the museum. As for the Bottles of Roma, the boxes of cigars and the nurse, who wore an officer of the Wehrmacht, he wants to leave them on the rights of legal 25%, laid by the state while finding historical value.
Tables titles of the German Wehrmacht (Die Wehrmacht) 1935-45.
SS troops
Waffen ss.
In Germany, from autumn 1936 to May 1945. As part of the Wehrmacht, there was a completely unique military organization - the SS troops (Waffen SS), which were part of the Wehrmacht only quickly. The fact is that the SS troops were not a military apparatus of the German state, but were an armed organization of the Nazi party. But since the German state since 1933 has become a tool to achieve the political goals of the Nazi party, the Armed Forces of Germany performed the tasks of the Nazis. Therefore, the operational troops of the SS and were part of the Wehrmacht.
To sort out the SS rank system, it is necessary to understand the essence of this organization. Many believe that the SS troops is the entire organization of the SS. However, the SS troops were only part of it (albeit the most noticeable). Therefore, the title of the titles will be preceded by a brief historical reference. I recommend in order to understand the SS, first familiarize yourself with the historical certificate for sa.
In April 1925, Hitler, concerned about the influence of the heads of assault detachments (CA) and the exacerbation of contradictions with them, instructed one of the CA commanders Julius Shrek to create Schutzstaffel (literal translation of the "Detachment Detach") abbreviated - SS. To this end, it was assumed to be allocated in each SA HUNDERT (SA SOTNE) according to one SS Gruppe (CC separation) in the amount of 10-20 people. A newly created CC divisions were prepared in CC, a small and insignificant role was prepared - the physical guards of the Supreme Governors of the Party (a kind of bodyguards service). On September 21, 1925, Shrek issued a circular about the creation of SS units. At this time, it was not necessary to talk about any SS structure. However, the SS rank system was immediately born, however, it was not yet the title, but the names of posts. At this time, the SS was one of the numerous structural divisions of the CA.
Common SS titles from IX-1925 to XI-1926
* Read more about encoding titles.
From the author. Please take into account the fact that during this period the word Gruppe means a small division of the SS. In the Wehrmacht, this word was denoted by the Rowing Department (10 people). Assocative Chin SS is a group of compartment means simply commander of the department. Speaking in army is a lower sergeant rank. This is already a slightly later, as the SS is developing, the CC-Glubenfürter will be equal to the army rank of the general model.
In November 1926, Hitler begins a hidden release from SS subdivisions. This introduces the position of SS Obergruppenfuehrer (SS Obergroupenfürer), i.e. senior head of the SS Group. Thus, the SS received double control (via sa and directly on its line). Josef Berthtold becomes the first overshrupenfuer. In the spring of 1927, Erhard Hyden replaces him.
The ranks of common SS from the XI-1926 to I-1929.
In January 1929, Henry Himmler is appointed by the head of the SS (H.Himmler). SS begins to grow rapidly. If in January 1929 there were only 280 SES, then by December 1930 they were already 2727.
At the same time, an independent structure of the SS subdivisions arise.
Hierarchy of units of common SS from I-1929 to 1932
Note: Speaking about the equivalence of CC units (the organization of the SS (!), Not the SS forces) Army units, the author refers to the similarity of the number, but not on solved objectives, tactical purpose and combat capabilities.
And in general, Scharen was the CC cell in the village, the city district, Truppen promises several cells in a rural area, the city district. Stuerme is already the organization of the SS in a small town, a large town area, several rural areas.sturbanne is the SS organization that unites several Stuerme and covering the entire major city, the rural area. Standarte is the organization of the SS, covering the capital city, the large area. The most large association of the SS ABSCHNITT is already, speaking on our republican organization, and taking into account the administrative division of then Germany, an organization covering the GAU (region of Germany).
Accordingly, the rank system changes. However, this is not the title, but posts.
The rank system of common SS C I-1929 to 1932.
| The code* | |
| 1 | SS MANN (CC Mann) |
| 2 | |
| 3 | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) |
| 7 | |
| 9 | |
| 11 | |
| 12 | |
| 14 | |
| 17 | |
| 18 |
The last title assigned to A.Gitler. It meant about the following "Supreme Code of the SS".
This table clearly visits the intake of the SA rank systems. In the SS at this moment there are no major organizations like Gruppe or Obergruppe, and there is a title. They are worn by the highest leaders of the SS.
In the middle of 1930, Hitler prohibits CA to intervene in the operation of the SS by the order in which it was said "... No commander of the CA has the right to give orders." Although CC still remained within the framework of CA, but in fact she was independent.
In 1932, the largest association of Oberabschnitte (Oberabshnitt) was introduced into the SS structure, which includes two or three abschnitte (Abshnitt) and the SS structure acquires its completion. P
Please note that the speech here is not about the forces of the SS (they are not even in risen), but about a public organization, which is part of the Nazi Party, and all SSDs are engaged in this activity on a voluntary basis in parallel with their main work (workers, shopkeepers , artisans, unemployed, peasants, minor employees, etc.).
Hierarchy of General SS organizations since 1932
The title table acquires the following form (although it is still still more posts than titles):
The rank system of common SS C 1932 in v-1933
| The code* | Names of titles (posts) |
| 1 | SS MANN (CC Mann) |
| 2 | SS Rottenfuehrer (SS Rottenfürer) |
| 3 | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) |
| 7 | SS TruppFuehrer (SS Truppfücher) |
| 9 | SS STURMFUEHRER (SS Sturmfücher) |
| 11 | SS STURMBANNFUEHRER (SS SKURBANNFURER) |
| 12 | SS STANDARTENFUEHRER (SS Standardfürer) |
| 13 | |
| 14 | SS Gruppenfuehrer (SA GRUPENFYURER) |
| 17 | SS OBERGRUPPENFUEHRER (SS Obergroupenfuer) |
| 18 | Der Oberste Fuehrer Der Schutzstaffel. (Der Obersta Führiere der Schtochesteffel) |
Last title wore only A.Gitler. It meant about the following "Supreme Code of the SS".
On January 30, 1933, President of Germany, Field Marshal Hindenburg, appoints A. Gitler Reichskanzler, i.e. Power in the country goes into the hands of the Nazis.
In March 1933, Hitler ordered to form the first armed formation of the SS - Leibstandarte-SS "Adolf Hitler" (Lssah). It was a personal guards of Hitler (120 people). From now on sS is separated into two components:
1.allgemeine-SS - General SS.
2.LEIBstandarte-SS is the armed formation of the SS.
The difference was that the membership in CC was voluntary, and the SSEsovs were engaged in escaming affairs in parallel with their main activity (workers, peasants, shopkeepers, etc.).
And consisting in Leibstandarte-SS, being also members of the CC, have already consisted of service (not on the state, but in the service in the Nazi party), received a form and money content due to NSDAP. The members of the CC, being people who were personally devoted to Hitler (about the selection of such people in the CC took care of the Himmler) after the arrival of the Nazis to power began to be appointed to key posts in the state apparatus, starting with the heads of district mail, police, telegraph, railway stations, etc. Up to top government posts. Thus, Allgemeine-SS began to gradually turn into a source of management of the state, at the same time, including a number of state institutions. Thus, the initial role of CC as a purely security unit was injected, and CC quickly turned into a political and administrative basis of the Nazi regime, becoming the organization of the National, the Organization in the interests of the Nazis supervision of the activities of the state institutions. With the beginning of the creation of a gimmler concentration camps from the composition of rapidly growing Leibstandarte-SS, concentration camps were allocated. The CC organization now began to consist of three components:
1.allgemeine-SS - General SS.
2.LEIBstandarte-SS is an armed formation of CC.
From the author. Literally SS-TotenkopfrerBaende means "the formation of the SS is a dead head." Here and the confusion arises.
SS-TOTENKOPFRERBAENDE is the protection of concentration camps. They wear a communion uniform with brown edges. In the right pettle, where Essassian runes are usually worn there (two zippers), they wear a skull with crossed bones.
But there was another division of the SS troops - the 3rd SS Tank Division "Dead Head" (3.SS-Panzer-Division "Totenkopf"), whose servicemen also wore the same emblem in the right butter. But the edging of the looper was white or on a pink tank form. This division fought at the front (including on Soviet-German) and had no relation to the protection of concentration camps.
However, the soldiers and officers of the SS troops are not involved in the crimes of the Nazi regime, as does K. Semenov in his book "The troops of the Soldiers like everyone else", still not worth it. Not to mention the fact that the SSSR in the populated territories of the USSR showed special cruelty in relation to the prison and local population, it is worth noting that the so-called. Einzattsands of the SS for the implementation of mass executions primarily attracted divisions of the SS troops. What is the name of the "one berry field" commanders of the SS parts without the slightest objections sent their soldiers to fulfill Masovye executions, from which the Wehrmacht commanders often tried to shy away, especially when they began to understand that the German soldiers sometimes fall into captivity and what kind of war crimes maybe when then respond.
The rank system of common SS C 19.V.1933 to 15.x.1934.
| The code* | Names of titles (posts) |
| 1 | SS MANN (CC Mann) |
| 2A. | SS STURMANN (SS NTURMANN) |
| 2B | SS Rottenfuehrer (SS Rottenfürer) |
| 3A. | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) |
| 3b | |
| 4A. | SS TruppFuehrer (SS Truppfücher) |
| 4b | SS OBERTRUPPFUEHRER (SS ORPERPUPUERER) |
| 7 | SS STURMFUEHRER (SS Sturmfücher) |
| 8 | |
| 9 | SS STURMHAUPTFUEHRER (SS Sturmugtfücher) |
| 10 | SS STURMBANNFUEHRER (SS SKURBANNFURER) |
| 11 | |
| 12 | SS STANDARTENFUEHRER (SS Standardfürer) |
| 13 | SS Oberfuehrer (SS Oberfurr) |
| 14 | |
| 15 | SS Gruppenfuehrer (SA GRUPENFYURER) |
| 17 | SS OBERGRUPPENFUEHRER (SS Obergroupenfuer) |
| 18 | Der Oberste Fuehrer Der Schutzstaffel. (Der Obersta Führiere der Schtochesteffel) |
On the night of June 30, 1934, the SS will destroy the Espers on the orders of Hitler. After this night, the role of SA in the political life of the country was reduced to zero, and the role of the SS has repeatedly increased.
On July 20, 1934, Hitler finally removes SS from the CA structure and gives it the status of an independent organization within NSDAP.
The role of the SS in the life of the country continued to increase wishing to join this powerful now the organization was much, and on October 15, 1934, the Himmler changes the SS title again. The new titles of SS-Bewerber and SS-Anwarter are introduced, the first for the applicant for accession to the SS and the second for the person passing the candidate experience. The names of some ranks change. The title is introduced specifically for Himmler SS Reichsfuehrer (SS Reichsfürer).
This scale existed until 1942. Divisions on ordinary, non-commissioned officers, officers, generals in Allgemeine-SS officially was not officially. With this, as it were, the SSEsov partnership and equality emphasized. The same scale of the titles until 1936 was used in the Adolf Hitler lebstart and in concentration camp
General titles of common SS from 15.x.1934 to 1942.
| The code* | Names of titles (posts) |
| 0A. | SS BEWERBER (SS Beverber) |
| 0b | SS ANWARTER (SS ANVERTER) |
| 1 | SS MANN (CC Mann) |
| 2A. | SS STURMANN (SS NTURMANN) |
| 2B | SS Rottenfuehrer (SS Rottenfürer) |
| 3A. | |
| 3b | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) |
| 4A. | SS OBERSHARFUEHRER (CC Obersharfücher) |
| 4b | |
| 7 | |
| 8 | SS OBERSTURMFUEHRER (SS ORBERMFYURER) |
| 9 | |
| 10 | SS STURMBANNFUEHRER (SS SKURBANNFURER) |
| 11 | SS OBERTURMBANNFUEHRER (SS ORBERMBANNFURER) |
| 12 | SS STANDARTENFUEHRER (SS Standardfürer) |
| 13 | SS Oberfuehrer (SS Oberfurr) |
| 14 | SS BRIGADENFUEHRER (SS Brigadefürer) |
| 15 | SS Gruppenfuehrer (SA GRUPENFYURER) |
| 16 | SS OBERGRUPPENFUEHRER (SS Obergroupenfuer) |
| 17 | |
| 18 |
From October 1936, on the basis of Leibstandarte-SS, the creation of the SS troops begins (Waffen SS). From that time, the SS finally acquires its three main components:
1.allgemeine-SS - General CC.
2. Waffen SS - CC troops.
3.ss-totenkopfrerbaende - part of concentration camps.
Moreover, Allgemeine-SS is actually merged with the state apparatus, some institutions of the state become the departments and departments of Allgemeine-SS, and the SS troops and the protection of concentration camps in the presentation of many modern readers merge into a single whole. Hence the fallacy of the idea that the SS is the SS troops, especially since since 1936 they and the protection of conlaborageers receive their rank system, which differs from the community. Invalid and the idea that the SS troops were engaged in concentration camps. The camp guarded specially created divisions called SS-Totenkopfrerbaende, which are not part of the CC troops. The structure of the parts of Waffen SS itself was not a community, but an army sample (separation, platoon, company, battalion, regiment, division). There were no permanent formations of a large division in Waffen SS.
Waffen SS and SS-TotenkopfrerBaende title from X-1936 to 1942
| The code* | Category | Names of titles |
| 1A. | Mannschaften. | SS Schutze (SS joke) |
| 1B | ||
| 2A. | SS STURMANN (SS NTURMANN) | |
| 2B | SS Rottenfuehrer (SS Rottenfürer) | |
| 3A. | Unterfuehrer. | SS Unterscharfuehrer (SS UNTERSHARFURER) |
| 3b | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) | |
| 4A. | SS OBERSHARFUEHRER (CC Obersharfücher) | |
| 4b | SS HAUPTSCHARFUEHRER (SS Hauptsharfür) | |
| 7 | Unte Fuehrer. | SS UntersturmFuehrer (SS Untersturmfücher) |
| 8 | ||
| 9 | SS HAUPTSTURMFUEHRER (SS Hauptsturmfücher) | |
| 10 | Mittlere Fuehrer. | SS STURMBANNFUEHRER (SS SKURBANNFURER) |
| 11 | ||
| 12 | SS STANDARTENFUEHRER (SS Standardfürer) | |
| 13 | SS Oberfuehrer (SS Oberfurr) | |
| 14 | Hoehere Fuehrer. | SS BRIGADENFUEHRER UND DER GENERAL-MAIOR DER WAFFEN SS (SS Brigadefuryer Und der Major Major der Waffen SS) |
| 15 | ||
| 16 | SS OBERGRUPPENFUEHRER UND DER GENERAL DER DER WAFFEN SS (SS ORPERGRUPENFUREER UUT DRES General Der Waffen SS) |
Note.
From the author. By the way, the translation of the word "reich" as the "empire" (hence "the third empire, imperial, ...) is incorrectly incorrect. True" REICH "-" State ". Empire in German -" Kaiserreich "(literally "Imperial state" or "the state of the emperor")
In 1937, four officers who had the following ranks were created in the SS Forces:
In May 1942, the ranks of SS-Sturmscharfuehrer and SS-OBERSTGRUNFUENFUEHRER are added in the rank scrolls SS. These were the latest changes in the rank of ss. To the end of the existence of a millennial Reich remained three years.
Common SS titles from 1942 to 1945.
| The code* | Names of titles (posts) |
| 0A. | SS BEWERBER (SS Beverber) |
| 0b | SS ANWARTER (SS ANVERTER) |
| 1 | SS MANN (CC Mann) |
| 2A. | SS STURMANN (SS NTURMANN) |
| 2B | SS Rottenfuehrer (SS Rottenfürer) |
| 3A. | SS Unterscharfuehrer (SS UNTERSHARFURER) |
| 3b | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) |
| 4A. | SS OBERSHARFUEHRER (CC Obersharfücher) |
| 4b | SS HAUPTSCHARFUEHRER (SS Hauptsharfür) |
| 5 | SS STURMSCHARFUEHRER (SS Sturmsharfücher) |
| 7 | SS UntersturmFuehrer (SS Untersturmfücher) |
| 8 | SS OBERSTURMFUEHRER (SS ORBERMFYURER) |
| 9 | SS HAUPTSTURMFUEHRER (SS Hauptsturmfücher) |
| 10 | SS STURMBANNFUEHRER (SS SKURBANNFURER) |
| 11 | SS OBERTURMBANNFUEHRER (SS ORBERMBANNFURER) |
| 12 | SS STANDARTENFUEHRER (SS Standardfürer) |
| 13 | SS Oberfuehrer (SS Oberfurr) |
| 14 | SS BRIGADENFUEHRER (SS Brigadefürer) |
| 15 | SS Gruppenfuehrer (SA GRUPENFYURER) |
| 16A. | SS OBERGRUPPENFUEHRER (SS Obergroupenfuer) |
| 16b | SS-OBERSTGRUPPENFUEHRER (SS OberstGroupPenfuer) |
| 17 | SS REICHSFUEHRER (SS Reichsfücher) This title had only G.Gammler |
| 18 | Der Oberste Fuehrer Der Schutzstaffel. (Der Obersta Führer der Schutsteffel) This title had only A.Gitler |
Waffen SS and SS-TotenkopFrerBaende ranks with V-1942 to 1945.
| The code* | Category | Names of titles |
| 1A. | Mannschaften. | SS Schutze (SS joke) |
| 1B | SS OBERSCHUTZE (SS Obersuutice) | |
| 2A. | SS STURMANN (SS NTURMANN) | |
| 2B | SS Rottenfuehrer (SS Rottenfürer) | |
| 3A. | Unterfuehrer. | SS-Unterscharfuehrer (SS UNTERSHARFURER) |
| 3b | SS SHARFUEHRER (SS scarf) | |
| 4A. | SS OBERSHARFUEHRER (CC Obersharfücher) | |
| 4b | SS HAUPTSCHARFUEHRER (SS Hauptsharfür) | |
| 5 | SS-STURMSCHARFUEHRER (SS Sturmsharfücher) | |
| 7 | Unte Fuehrer. | SS UntersturmFuehrer (SS Untersturmfücher) |
| 8 | SS OBERSTURMFUEHRER (CC Wrasturmfücher) | |
| 9 | SS HAUPTSTURMFUEHRER (SS Hauptsturmfücher) | |
| 10 | Mittlere Fuehrer. | SS STURMBANNFUEHRER (SS SKURBANNFURER) |
| 11 | SS OBERSTURMBANNFUEHRER (SS ORBERMBANNFURER) | |
| 12 | SS STANDARTENFUEHRER (SS Standardfürer) | |
| 13 | SS Oberfuehrer (SS Oberfurr) | |
| 14 | Hoehere Fuehrer. | SS BRIGADENFUEHRER UND DER GENERAL-MAIOR WAFFEN SS (SS Brigadefürer Und der Major Major der Waphren SS) |
| 15 | SS Gruppenfuehrer und Der General-Leutnant der Waffen SS (SA GRUPENFYURERERER DE Der General-Lytnant der Waffen SS) | |
| 16A. | SS OBERGRUPPENFUEHRER UND DER GENERAL DER WAFFEN SS (SS Obergroupenfürer Und der Generator der Waffen SS) | |
| 16b | SS-OBERSTGRUPPENFUEHRER UND DER GENERAL-OBERST DER WAFFEN SS (SS ORSTGRUPENFUREER UUT DRES General-Oberist der Waffen SS) |
Note. The words of the SS troops have been added to the Obset Sewer title. Der Politsai "(" ... und General ... Der Polizei). In the protection of the concentration camps of general posts, and there were no appropriate and general ranks. At the same time, the SSEs, who remained in Allgemeine-SS, did not have the general titles of this additive.
At the end stage of war, the activities of the SS organizations ceased with the occupation of this territory by the Red Army or the allies troops.
Formally, the SS activity was discontinued, and the Organization itself was dissolved in the fall of 1945 on the basis of decisions of the Potsdam Conference of the Allies on German Denacy.
The verdict of the International Tribunal in Nuremberg in the fall of 1946. SS was recognized as a criminal organization, and it is a crime membership. However, only the highest leaders and a part of the average SS staff, as well as soldiers and officers of the SS troops and concentration camps, were subjected to real criminal prosecution.
The Soviet Union During the war, the soldiers and officers of the SS captured on a par with the Wehrmacht's servicemen. However, at the end of the war, on the basis of the sentence of the Nuremberg Tribunal of all SSS, we had to the category of criminals and on this basis held in places of detention until the end of 1955.
Sources and literature
1.k. Semenov. SS troops. Soldiers like everyone else. Jauza. Esmo. Moscow. 2004
2.V. Shunk. Soldiers of destruction. Harvest. AST. Moscow. Minsk. 2001
3.K. Zhibysky. Ss. Security troops NSDAP. Eksmo.Yuza. Moscow. 2004
4.B. Li Davis. Uniforms of the Third Reich. AST.Moskva. 2000
5.s von eelking. Die Uniformen Von Der Braunhemden. ZentrakverLag Der N.S.D.A.P. Muenchen.1934.
6.F.altrichter. Der Rezerveoffizier. Verlag Von E.S.Mittler & Sohn. Berlin. 1943.